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    Level 2

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    Materi Matrikulasi BAHASA INGGRIS Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023 4a EY \ & sare Lesson 1 FOCUS: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION CHECKPOINT 1: SUBJECTS, OBJECTS, AND NOUN COMPLEMENTS All of the English sentences tested in Section Two of the ELPT test contain subjects. In addition, many of them contain objects (direct, indirect, or objects of prepositions) and noun complements. Subject (S) : Doer of the action in a sentence Peter eats at 5:00. s Object (0): 1. Direct receiver of the action of a sentence (D0) 2. Indirect receiver of the action of a sentence (10) 3. Object of a preposition (0 of Prep) I gave Jane a book for lier birthday. 10 00 Of Prep Noun Complement (C ) 1. Subject identifier - after the verb BE (SC) 2. Object identifier - after the direct object of a sentence (OC) Jack is a doctor. Sc They elected him p-esident. ‘oC ‘The subjects, objects, and noun complements of English sentences normally occur as one of the five noun structure forms given below, Noun (phrase) + Reses are beautiful plants. sc c Pronoun + You like roses. 5 You gave him the roses. 3 10) Gerund (phrase) _: Growing roses is your favorite hobby. $ You relax by growing roses. Oot Prep Infinitive (phrase): You like to grow roses. DO ‘Noun clause + Everyone says that you grow beautiful roses. DO. Model test They didn’t know (A) what to do (B) do {C) to do what {D) they should do -What is needed in this sentence? The direct object EXPLANATION: In this section, the direct object is being tested. Answer (B) is a verb. It can not be a direct object. in answer (C), the word order of the direct object is incorrect, In answer (D), the direct object is incomplete. Answer (A) is the correct answer to the question because it contains all the parts of a direct object in the correct order. EXERCISES 1A: Practice with Noun Structures: Subjects, Objects and Noun Complements In each of the sentences, underline the noun structures. Then, beneath each of these structure identify it as one of the following: Noun (phrase) Pronoun Gerund (phrase) Infinitive (phrase) Noun clause 1 Thegirls like to shop Noun phrase Infinitive 2. We haven't completed our assignment yet. 3. What I want is to be happy. 4. Patricia put the plate on the tabie. 5. Clark enjoys singing. 6. What Susan wants most is to succeed. 1 Practice with the Functions of Noun Structures In each of the sentences below, underline the noun structures. Then, beneath cach structure, identify its function as or of the following: s (subjec') DO (direct object) 10 (indirect object) O of Prep (object of the preposition) Cc (complement) 1. Whatever he does will be the right thing, o Cc 2. Carol makes very good meals for us 3. Swimming is not permitted at this beach 4. Jerome loves to laugh 5. Ithought that he would be here by now. 6. The receptionist handed the doctor a note. 1C: More Practice with Subjects, Objects, and Noun Complements. Circle the correct answer, Then, on the line provided, use the choices provided to answer the question: What is needed in this sentence? Choices: Asubject A direct object An indirect object The object of a preposition A complement didn’t deliver the mail today. (A) For the postman (B) Because of the snow The postman (D) Although the postman What is needed in this sentence? __Asubject 2. Andrew likes (A) fast cars (B) ina fast car (©) he will buy a fast car (D) that a fast car What is needed in this sentence? __________ 3. My older brother is. (A) he's a doctor (B) a doctor (O for a doctor (D) when he’s a doctor What is needed in this sentence?. 4, —______ in the dorm is not always easy. (A) Living (B) While living, (C) llive (D) When i live What is needed in this sentence?.. 5. We gave __ anew bicycle. (A) he’s our son (B) it to our son (C) that’s our son (D) ou- son What is needed in this sentence? __~. 6. The problem is — (A) haven't arrived the textbooks (B) that the textbooks haven't arrived yet (C) Faven’t the textbooks arrived yet (D) that the textbooks that haven’t arrived yet What is needed in this sentence? ____ __.. is not running well today. (A) That Jane’s car (B) Jane has a car (©) InJane’s car (D) Jane's car What is needed in this sentence?. Clarence won't be able to go with A) us B) where we go (C) he will stay home (D) to the game What is necded in this sentence?___>_ He always enjoys (A) he does whatever (B) he does (C) whatever he does (D) of his doing What is needed in this sentence?___ - Tdon’t want _______. (A) when shopping (B) shopped (C) Ishop (D) to shop What is needed in this sentence?____ ——___—___is my favorite hobby. (A) While reading (B) Reading (C) If Tread (D) When I read What is needed in this sentence?.. Lesson 2 FOCUS: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION CHECKPOINT Vil: VERB TENSE FORM The English verb has five principle parts. These principle parts are used in forming English verb ienses. The principle parts of some English verbs are given in the chart below. PRINCIPLE PARTS OF SOME ENGLISH VERBS _ ‘Base Form Present Present Past | Past Participle 7 ___| Participle ‘Start Start(s) Starting Started Started | Hope Hope(s) Hoping Hoped Hoped Study Study(ies) | studying Studied Studied Eat Eat(s) Eating Ate Eaten | Give Give(s) Giving Gave Given | Have Have/has Having Had Had \be sf Am/is/are | Being | Was /were been When parts of the verb BE (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being) are used to form active verb tenses, they are followed by a present participle as, for example, in the continuous tenses. Sometimes the verb BE is used to form passive sentences. When this happens, it is followed by a past participle (See part no. 9, for study of this use of BE) 1am living here now. BE + present participle | have been living here for a long time. BE + present participle When parts of the verb HAVE (have, has, had, having) are used to form verb tenses, they are followed by a past participle as, for example, in the perfect tenses. | have lived here for a long time. HAVE + past participle 1 have been living here for a long time. HAVE + past participle ‘The ing form of the verb can NEVER function as the finite verb of a clause. Incorrect George having had his paper finished for u few days. Correction George has had his paper finished for a jew days. Incorrect _Bill feels that we making to much noise. Correction Bill feels that we are making too much noise. Model test David has eating in this restaurant several times. a BC D What is wrong with this sentence? The verb form following has planation: In this question, the verb has is followed by the present participle form of eat. This results in the incorrect formation of the present perfect tense. As mentioned above, when has is used, it should be followed by a past participle. Answer (A) is the rect answer to this question because has eating is incorrect. Correction: has eaten 2. The professor writed the answers on the blackboard so everyone could see them. a 8 c D What is wrong with this sentence? The past form of an irregular verb Explanation: Write is an irregular verb. it does not make its past from by adding -ed the way regular verbs do. Answer (A) is the correct answer to this question because writed is incorrect. Correction: wrote Modals + Base Form of Verb Whenever you see a modal such as will, would, shall, should, can, could, may might, or must, you should be sure that the verb that follows it is in its base form, You must telling* ber the truth The child may co-nes* in now ¢ first example, telling should be the base form tell because it follows irust. In he second example, comes should be the base form come because it follows iay EXERCISES 7A: Practice with Verb Tense Formation Change the following verbs to the past tenses indicated. sit come walk play have make forget open look ). think show Simple Past Past Continuous sat was/were sitting Past Perfect had sat 78 : Practice Identifying Incorrect Verb Forms ‘Choose the letter of the incorrect verb form in each sentence. 3. 10. nn Television has became a popular form of entertainment for people who prefer not to go es Became 2 out in the evening John tried to stay awake while the professor was spoke. x « Amelia Earhart disappeared at sea while she flying her airplane a w Physical exercise has help many people because it relieves stress * _ Richard had been live in Chicago for five years when his company transfer dhim to = 7 New York. Edward has been playing a lot of golf since he gotted his new golt clubs * 7 For the past few years, scientists ha on the udving the effects that pollution * ozone layer. Rain maked it impossible for us to play football, so we all went to the movies instead People who {to improve their carpentry skills sometimes go to special schoois ¥ where they learning to build houses 7 Pautla buyed her car in the fall when prices had b * — like the work he has doing for the committee * —s Lesson 3 FOCUS: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION CHECKPOINT VI: PERSONAL, POSSESSIVE, AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS: la English, pronouns are used to replace or refer to nouns, gerunds, infinitives, and sometimes entire clauses. Pronouns change form depending on their functions in sentences. ______Personal_ — _ Reflexive “Subject Object _| Adjective Pronoun _ 1 me |My mine myself | You you | Your yours Yourself He him his Himself | she her hers Herself tt it | itself We us ours Ourselves They them theirs Themselves One one Oneself Model test Although Alexander liked_him new apartment very much, he found it somewhat noisy. A B c D Whet is wrong with this sentence? The possessive adjective form Explanation: In this question, the pronoun him is in object form. It should be in possessive adjective form. Answer (A) is the correct answer to this question because him is incorrect. Correction : his EXERCISES 6A : Practice with Pronouns Circle the correct pronoun in each pair. 1, They took @heity theirs) children to the amusement park 2. Everybody except (he/him) came to the rehearsal last night. 3. Bryan finished the project by (himself /hisself) 4. Delilah will show this work to a colleague of (her/hers) 5. Mobile homes are relatively inexpensive, so many people own (it/them). 6. Cats bathe (theirselves themselves) several times a day. 2. Playing a musical instrument is the best way to understand (its /theit) capabilities, 8. Only (he/him) was injured in the accident. 9. Tt was (they /them) who sent us the information about colleges. 10. (Him/His) writing is more polished than (mine/my) 11, Because Margaret and Sue were late, we had to start the meeting without (they/them) 12, The apartment manager gave (we/us) back our deposit 13. I'm sorry that you have to clean your room by (you/yourself) 14. Ididn’t expect Anne to be at home this evening, but it was (her/she) who came to the door when J arrived. 15. I must keep (myself/me) busy, or I will get bored. 68 : Fractice Identifying Incorrect Pronouns 6 its This library was founded by our college in 1865 and took it name from a secret ~~ iB benefactor who donated his fortune for its development. t 7 He who hesitates can lose him place in the race and do damage to himself and to his * a c D chances for success. They gave us his undivided attention but still couldn't understand what we were saying. a tT We cannot finish it without you and they, eT 5 oe D Only her had the courage to try our chailenge by herself, and she succeeded. 7 rT —_— aT While they were helping theirselves to the sondwiches, I was treating myself to the salad. x Fr ~ = 0 Lesson 4 FOCUS: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION CHECKPOINT Vill : MORE ON ADJECTIVE AND VERB To avoid difficulties with adjectives and adverbs, you must be firstly be able to recognize adjectives and adverbs. Adjectives : recent, public, evident Adverbs: recently, publicly, evidently Thought there are many adverbs that do not end in -ly, these adverbs can be recognized from their meanings. Adverbs may describe: When something happens iften, soon, later How something happens ‘irst, hard, well Where something happens : here, there, nowhere To cope with the problems with adjectives and adverbs, you need to posses these skills: 1. Knowing when to use adjectives and adverbs 2. Using adjectives rather than adverbs after linking verbs 3. Positioning adjectives and adverbs correctly Use Basic Adjectives and Adverbs Correctly Sometimes in ELPT test, adjectives are used in place of adverbs, or adverbs are used in place of adjectives. However, Adjectives and adverbs have different uses. Adjectives have only ONE function; to describe nouns or pronouns. For example She is a beautiful woman. (beautiful describes woman) ADJ NOUN ¥ ss She is beautiful (beautiful describes pronoun she) PRO ADJ Adverbs describe three different things: Verbs, Adjectives, and other Adverbs. For example: She sings beautifully (beautifully describes verb sings) VERB ADV She is a beautifully dressed woman (beautifully describes noun woman) abv ‘ADJ NOUN She is truly beautifully dressed woman (truly describes adverb beautifully) ADv ADV ‘ADJ NOUN Common Problems in ELPT test: They were seated at a largely* table. (largely is incorrect, it should be large to describe noun table) The child talked quick* to her mother. (quick is incorrect, it should be quickly to describe the verb talked) We read an extreme* long story. . (extreme is incorrect, it should be extremely to describe the adjective long) Remember: 1. Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns 2. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives and other adverbs Use Adjectives after Linking Verbs Generally, an adverb will come directly after a verb because the adverb is describing the verb. She spoke nicely (nicely describes the verb spoke) However, you must be careful if the verb is a linking verb. A linking verb is followed by an adjective rather than an adverb She looks nice. (looks is a linking verb, it is followed by an adjective nice) Be careful as well that the adjective that goes with the linking verb does not always directly follow the linking verb. He seems unusually nice. (nice is an adjective that describes the subject he, he is itself described by an adverb unusually). In this sentence, it is possible to have an adverb directly after a linking verb, but only if the adverb describes an adjective that follows. Linking Verbs : appear, be, become, feel, look, prove, seem, smell, taste Position of Adjectives and Adverbs Correctly Two common errors of the position of adjectives and adverbs in ELPT test: 1. the position of adjectives with the noun they describe 2. the position of adverbs with objects. In English, it is correct to put one-word adjective in front of the noun it describes. In the test, you may find an incorrect sentence with an adjective placed after the noun it describes. The information important* is on the first page. (important should come before the noun information) A second problem you should be aware of is the position of adverbs with objects of verbs. When a verb has an object, an adverb describing the verb should not come between the verb and its object. He has taken recently* an English course. (recently should not appear between the verb taken and its object English course) There are several possible correct answers to the above sentence Recently he has taken an English course. He has recently taken an English course. He has taken an English course recently. Remember: . | Adjectives: A one-word adjective comes before the noun it describes. It does 1. not come directly after. 2. Adverbs: An adverb can appear in many positions. It cannot be used between a verb and its object. EXERCISE 8A : More Practice on Adjective and Adverb —— 1. Asihe only major American river that flowed in a west direction, the Ohio was the x 5 preferred route for settlers. partes —— 2% During the annually salmon migration from the sea to fresh water, Alaska's McNeil x B River becomes a gathering place for brown bears waiting eagerly to catch their fil gr D —— 4. Edelman stresses the mounting evidence showing that greatly variation on a x B microscopic scale is likely. —— 4. Perhaps the most and friendly of the park's wild places is the live oak forest that surrounds the district's alone visitors’ center in Gulf Breeze =p Halley's comet, viewing through a telescope, was quite impressive. 7 oe eee 6. The state of deep asleep is characterized by rapid eye movement, or REM, sleep. Fr D as iw —— 7. Among the disputing sections of the Monteverdi opera are the sinfonia, the a sc TD 1 prologue, and the role of Ouone. —— 8 Most probably because of the likable rapport between anchors, the night newscast on a B ~ the local ABC affiliate has recently moved well beyond its competitors in the-ratings D bate. 9. Signing at the outset of a business deal, a contract offers the participants a certain x E c degree of legal protection from costly mistakes, —— 10. The story presented by Fischer is a headlong tale told so effectively that

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