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Ablan Baltazar Gabrillo Suguitan Talavera Final Draft Stem
Ablan Baltazar Gabrillo Suguitan Talavera Final Draft Stem
Ablan Baltazar Gabrillo Suguitan Talavera Final Draft Stem
INTRODUCTION
Situational Analysis
The (Britannica, 2022) states that the property of adhesives to hold two different
material together make it one of the most used substance in everyday activities, school
projects, arts and even in industrial machines. But majority of these adhesives are quite
toxic and with improper usage, it can pose a risk to human health.
exposures reported to a U.S. regional poison control center found that 893 reports of
accidental and intentional ingestion, and which 26% where required to stay in a healthcare
facility. While majority of the effects were minor, 9% suffered moderate effects from
exposure. Majority of the cases where children and most result did not result in significant
health damage.
According to (Dinte and Sylvester 2017), Though adhesive is used in the industry
for almost 10 decades, the authors stressed the necessity in obtaining environmentally safe
and high-quality adhesives. This is because the limited raw materials, and the adverse effect
found that it is effective in binding together the drug as a tablet, and is comparable to
synthetic excipient. This research shows that okra mucilage not only proves to be an
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effective adhesive to bind together drugs to be ingested, but it is also digestible by the
effect” on soft wheat dough as shown by their experiments. This states the ability of the
Okra mucilage can be now made into an alternative plastic, but by only using the
mucilage itself is not enough, it cannot stick into any surface long enough to harden to a
pseudoplastic state like (Bhat, Tharanathan 1987) found. That is why we chose glutinous
rice, as a catalyst, and to become the initial adhesive to stick two materials together while
The researchers (Mahreni et.al., 2023) made a research on glutinous rice as a base
to a glutinous rice and water solution. They produced outstanding results with their
adhesive which they stated to be better than standard paper glue sold in the market. For our
research, we plan to use the glutinous rice as a catalyst to help the okra mucilage to harden
and stick the two materials together, it will act as an initial adhesive when putting the
materials together.
This degradable gel, is used as an adhesive for health monitoring devices. This was
made to reduce materials used and pollution, as well as an improvement to the quality of
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life of the patients using health monitors. They are also renewable and degradable, while
also being edible, making it to have no risk of poisoning by accidently inducing the gel.
The researchers now aim to combine the okra mucilage as the main adhesive that
will harden, and the glutinous rice, the catalyst and the one that will act as an initial
adhesive.
The problem of the study is to determine the potency of Okra mucilage mixed with
1. What is the average adhesion time and the average curing time of the experimental
2. What is the average adhesion time and the average curing time of the Commercial
glue?
3. Is there any significant difference between the adhesion time and the curing time
This research entitled “The potency of glutinous rice and okra mucilage as an
1. To determine the effectiveness of the okra mucilage and glutinous rice mixture as
an alternative glue.
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2. To know if the alternative glue made from the glutinous rice and okra mucilage
3. To compare the effectiveness of the glutinous rice and okra mucilage adhesive with
Hypothesis
The study will provide information about the potency of the glutinous rice and okra
To the students will have an alternative glue that pose lesser risk to their health if
they are exposed, as well as a cheaper alternative than the commercial adhesives because
To the teachers can use this alternative glue for their activities involving glue
usage with their students, to have a less risk in their health, as well as to promote a greener
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To the parents can be aware of the availability and how to make this alternative
adhesive that they can provide their children, it is more affordable and less toxic for their
children.
To the school can take advantage of this alternative glue to be used in their
produce and sell this alternative glue, so that they can profit and at the same time sell an
The study explores the effectiveness of glutinous rice and okra mucilage as an
alternative adhesive due to its sticky characteristic. The experiment will take place in
Francia West, Tubao, La Union, the residence of one of the researchers and will be
documented for every experimentation that will take place as verification of the study. It
started in February 19 2023, and ends within this 2 nd semester of our school year 2022-
2023. The purpose of the study is to provide a less toxic alternative for an adhesive that
can be used to lessen the risk of glue exposures that may cause health complications,
especially for children. The experiment will involve powdered glutinous rice as base and
catalyst for the adhesive and It deals with one fruit, which is okra (Abelmoschus esculents)
to use its mucilage as a substance to be an alternative to glue. The limitation of the outcome
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Definition of Terms
A-amylase enzyme is an enzyme used by (Mahreni et.al., 2023) on their research to create
Adhesive is the main goal of this study is to be able to create an alternative adhesive using
Adhesion time is the goal of this research is to be able to produce an alternative glue that
Curing time is How fast a glue hardens, it is used to determine in this study to see which
Cyanoacrylate is the scientific name of Super glue quoted by many researchers for its
Excipient is a substance that help medicine to travel, a researcher made an excipient using
Glue is the commercial name of an adhesive that the researchers aims to create a safer
Glutinous rice is the base for this study’s glue, it acts as a sticky substance to help hold
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Ionic Skin is an artificial skin made to copy the capabilities of sensing of a real skin,
Okra mucilage is a sticky substance that hardens overtime produced through boiling sliced
Pseudoplastic is a state of the hardened glue that exhibits plastic like traits.
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Chapter 2
poisoning, and they found that over 893 reports of accidental and intentional ingestion, of
which 26% where severe enough to require them to stay at a medical facility. Almost all
of the cases where minor, but majority of them happened with children. Glue can also
damage your digestive system with its stickiness and chemicals, and in some cases may
And in some rare circumstances, the low viscosity of cyanoacrylate may become
the cause of aspiration. (Vitale et.al., 2007) reported a toddler ingestion a low viscosity
cyanoacrylate, and showed complications in their tracheal and bronchial parts of their
respiratory system. The cyanoacrylate went inside the toddler’s respiratory tract and
hardened overtime, which caused the complications. Although the chances of aspiration of
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ISOLATION OF THE MUCILAGE FORM HIBISCUS ROSASINENSIS LINN AND
Okra mucilage as an adhesive is widely used in the medical field, (Ameena et. al.,
2010) found that okra mucilage is an effective excipient capable of binding in together the
capabilities of okra mucilage to be able to safely bind together materials as a glue while
renewable and edible ionic skin made from glutinous rice gel. They successfully created a
glutinous rice gel that can stick to the skin and act as an ionic skin. They made it renewable,
biodegradable and most importantly edible. In our research, we are using glutinous rice as
the base, which acts as the initial glue to hold together the different materials we want to
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WASTEPAPER AND COIR WITH OKRA MUCILAGE
A research conducted by (David, et.al., 2005) stated that because okra is relatively
cheap and abundant, it is easy to reproduce adhesive made from it. The okra was cooked
for 3 hours to extract the mucilage, where they yielded about 75% okra mucilage form their
session. They used their okra mucilage to create bio-paper where they compared it to other
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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGIES
Research Design
This research study will use quantitative design using experimental approach in
determining if the okra mucilage and glutinous rice mixture is an effective alternative glue
Research locale
The experiment will take place in Francia West, Tubao, La Union inside a sanitized
kitchen within one of the residences of the researchers. Where the process of getting the
mucilage, mixing it with the glutinous rice and transforming it to an adhesive will take
place.
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Conceptual Paradigm
Figure 1
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Conceptual Framework
Process
1. Boiling of 1 cup
of sliced okra
with 1 1⁄2 cup
Input of water for 30 Output
minutes to extract
1. Okra mucilage the mucilage. An alternative
2. Glutinous rice 2. Mix the extracted adhesive using okra
until it achieves a
dough like
structure.
3. Cook the mixture
in the pot again
until it thickens
and loose its
wetness
Figure 2
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Materials used
The materials used by the researchers are ensured to be sanitized before conducting
the experiment, and they measured the amount of ingredients that was used in making the
prototype adhesive.
1. Cooking pot
2. Measuring cups
3. Strainer
4. Stove
5. Chopping boa
Instrumentation
The researchers will use observation in collecting the data necessary for the study.
They will observe the effectiveness, adhesion time, and how fast the adhesive will harden.
Data Analysis
The researchers will observe the curing time and adhesion time of the commercial
The curing time will be observed with a duration of 30 minutes because this is the
stated curing time of the commercial glue, it will be observing every 30 minutes to check
on the binding and the visual state of both the commercial and experimental glue.
The adhesion time will be observed for 7 days, to see if the two groups show
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Chapter 4
This chapter contains the presentation, interpretation, analysis, and discusses the
Table 1.1
Paper A 7 7
Paper B 7 7
Cardboard (Thick) 7 7
Cardboard (Thin) 7 7
Plastic 7 7
The adhesion time is observed for seven days. According to the table 1.1 The
experimental and commercial glue lasted for the whole 7 days of in all of the surfaces from
Paper A and B, Cardboard (Thick), Cardboard (Thins), and Plastic with no observable
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Table 1.2
The curing time is observed under thirty minuets after applying the glue, and is
check upon every three minuets to see if there are any differences between the curing
process of the two glue groups. In Paper A and Paper B referring to Table 1.2, the curing
time of the commercial glue (9 minutes) is faster than the experimental glue (12 minutes)
by three minutes. In Cardboard (Thick) the curing time of the two glue groups are 21
minutes. Cardboard (Thin) shows that the curing time of the commercial glue (12 minutes0
is faster than the experimental glue (15 minutes) by three minutes. Lastly, in Plastic, the
curing time of the experimental glue (18 minutes) is faster than the commercial glue (26
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1. What is the average adhesion time and the average curing time of the
Commercial Adhesive?
- The commercial glue’s average curing time is about 15.4 minutes with its
adhesion time lasted for the whole 7 days of observing and still continue to bind
2. What is the average adhesion time and the average curing time of the
- The experimental glue’s average curing time is about 15.6 minutes with its
adhesion time lasted for the whole 7 days of observing and still continue to bind
3. Is there any significant difference between the adhesion time and the curing
adhesive?
- There is no significant observable difference between the adhesion time and the
commercial glue.
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Additional Observations
1. The experimental glue will ferment overtime because of the water and glutinous
rice ingredients chemically reacts with one another, producing a scent similar to
2. In a sealed container, the experimental glue will have a longer shelf life avoiding
spoilage and molding, while in a non-tight container, the experimental molded and
spoiled overtime.
3. Even after a week, the experimental glue is still able to bind materials together.
4. The consistency and viscosity of the experimental glue is the same with the
commercial glue.
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Chapter 5
Summary of findings
1. What is the average adhesion time and the average curing time of the
The average curing time of the experimental glue is around 15.6 minutes and the
adhesion lasted 7 days or more. The curing time and the adhesion of the glue is lower
than the experimental glue by a small margin. The curing process of the experimental
glue is similar to the process with the commercial glue, they start of as wet and sticky
paste then turns into a pseudo plastic like material that binds two materials together.
2. What is the average adhesion time and the average curing time of the
Commercial Adhesive?
The average curing time of the experimental glue is around 15.4 minutes and the
adhesion time lasted 7 days and more. Although the average curing time and adhesion
time of the commercial glue is slightly better than the experimental glue, there are
specific materials where the experimental glue is better at binding and curing than the
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3. Is there any significant difference between the adhesion time and the curing
adhesive?
There is no significant difference between the curing time and the adhesion time of
the experimental group and the commercial group. They both present the same quality
and time across multiple materials in average. There are specific materials that the
experimental and commercial glue is better than the other and materials that have both
the same quality effect. In binding plastic, the experimental group is better than the
commercial group, in binding cardboard they have the same curing and adhesion time
and in binding paper, the commercial glue is slightly better than the experimental glue.
Conclusion
The researchers found that the capabilities of the experimental glutinous rice-okra
mucilage glue are capable to be an alternative glue because of its similar adhesion and
1. What is the average adhesion time and the average curing time of the
The average adhesion time of the experimental okra-glutinous rice glue lasted the
whole 7 says of observation and its average curing time is 15.6 minutes.
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2. What is the average adhesion time and the average curing time of the
Commercial glue?
The Average adhesion time of the commercial glue lasted the whole 7 days of
3. Is there any significant difference between the adhesion time and the curing
glue?
There is no significant difference between the adhesion time and curing time of the
Recommendations
1. Must research on prolonging the shelf life of the experimental glutinous rice-okra
mucilage glue even more. This is because of its all-natural ingredients; the glue will
2. Must test the adhesion strength of the experimental glue and compare it to the
commercial glue.
3. Must experiment on other base for the glue other than the glutinous rice to avoid
4. Must test other natural alternatives other than okra to see if other natural fruits and
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LITERATURES CITED
https://www.britannica.com/technology/adhesive
Carstairs S.D., et.al., (2017, May) Sticky situations: cyanoacrylate exposures reported to
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317097620_Sticky_situations_cyanoacrylate_e
xposures_reported_to_a_poison_control_system
Dinte E. and Sylvester B. (2017, July 24) Adhesives: Applications and Recent Advances
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/57763
Ameena K., Dilip C., Saraswathi R., Krishnan P.N., Sankar C., Simi S. P., (2010),
Isolation of the mucilages from Hibiscus rosasinensis linn. and Okra (Abelmoschus
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1995764510601307
esculentus) Mucilage
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/star.19870390506
Mahreni et.al., (2023) Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.) protein extract with potent α-
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7316903/
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Tian S., et, al., (2022 January 20) A Degradable-Renewable Ionic Skin Based on Edible
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.1c24352
David X., et.al., (2005) Wastepaper and Coir with Okra Mucilage
http://www.investigatoryprojectexample.com/wastepaper-and-coir-with-okra-mucilage/
Snowane G., et.al., (2021) Okra mucilage: potential role in drug delivery
https://www.gyanvihar.org/journals/okra-mucilage-potential-role-in-drug-delivery/
Vitale C., George M., Sheroff A., Hernon C., Boyer E., (2008, July) Tracheal and
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18584370/
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A
Documentation
Trial 1
or jute extract mixed with glutinous rice for base in an effort to make an alternative
effective, they put too much rice and to little saluyot extract that is why the product they
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Trial 2
bowl, then boiling again the same sliced okra in an effort to drain
the okra of all its mucilage. They now pounded the rice into “finer
pieces” to cook more easily, then the researchers put into the
the plastic one we stuck into a wooden door lasted for 5 days before
detaching. The product was sticky and slimy, it can stick into any surface and the mucilage
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Although the prototype product was a success, it still has many flaws. The main
problem is that, the rice was still too hard to be more efficient and effective in sticking into
any material, making it harder for the mucilage to harden. And lastly, because it is made
from organic materials, the mixture smelled off after 1 week, but without visual signs of
spoilage.
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Trial 3
a cooking pot, then added 2 cups of water to boil out the mucilage
gathered.
the mixture in a pot until it thickens and started to feel more like
a wet dough.
The product that was made was better than the previous
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at. It also sticks better because of its consistency and texture of the mixture. This mixture
After a week, the water started to separate from the mixture, when we opened the
lid of the jar, it let off a very foul odor, yet there is no visible signs of spoilage and molding
on the glue itself. After another week, the odor changes to smell more like fermented rice
win
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Trial 4
This was the last session for our research, we will now be
APPENDIX B
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APPENDIX B
Timetable
DATE EVENT
research
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Achievements
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Achievements
33
CURRICULUM VITAE
Achievements
CHRISTIAN E. GABRILLO
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Achievements
35
CURRICULUM VITAE
Achievements
36
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