SCIENCE 9

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

QUARTER 3 WEEK 1

WHAT IS A VOLCANO?
The Philippines is located along the Ring of Fire. As a result, it is a home to many volcanoes.
The most famous among our volcanoes is the Mayon Volcano that has erupted last May 7,
2013
A VOLCANO has an opening on top, cone-shaped, has crater, emits hots rocks and gives off hot
gases. It has THREE PARTS, a summit, slope, and base. At the summit, there is an opening which
may be either a crater or a caldera. A crater is a funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano while
a caldera is formed when a part of the wall collapses following an explosive eruption .A volcano can
have one crater, like Mayon Volcano, or more than one, like Taal Volcano that has 47 craters.

SUMMIT
BASE
SLOPE

VOLCANOES ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO :

a. record of eruption – as active or inactive
Active volcanoes are those that have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or those
that erupted 10, 000 years ago based on analyses of their materials.
Inactive volcanoes, on the other hand, are those that have not erupted for the last 10, 000
years and their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through
formation of deep and long gullies.
b. shape of volcanic cone – as shield, cinder, or composite.

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF VOLCANOES ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF IT CONES.

1. SHIELD VOLCANOES are formed by the accumulation of lava that oozes out from the
volcano. Since non-viscous lava can flow freely, a broad, slightly domed structure that
resembles a warrior’s shield is formed as shown in Figure 13. An example of this type is the
Mauna Loa in Hawaii.
2. CINDER CONES, on the other hand, are built from ejected lava fragments. They have a
steep slope, wide crater and are the most abundant of the three major volcano types. One
example of this type is the Paricutin in Mexico.
3. COMPOSITE CONES OR STRATOVOLCANOES are large, nearly perfect sloped structure
formed from alternate solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits. One perfect
example of this type of cone is our Mayon Volcano.
VOLCANOES ARE DESCRIBED ACCORDING TO THE STYLE OF ERUPTION
AS FOLLOWS:
a. Phreatic or hydrothermal – is a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact
with water. It is shortlived, characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of a larger
eruption. Shown on the right is our Taal Volcano in Batangas.
b. Phreatomagmatic – is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma.
As a result, a large column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of
pyroclastics called base surges are observed.
c. Strombolian- A periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by
fountain lava, Just like the Irazu Volcano in Costa Rica.
d. Vulcanian – characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up
to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra like that of
Paricutin Volcano in Mexico.
LET US CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING!
Use separate sheet of paper for your answers

IDENTIFICATION:

1. Type of volcanoes that have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or those that erupted
10, 000 years ago based on analyses of their materials.

2. Volcanoes that are formed by the accumulation of lava that oozes out from the volcano.

3. Large, nearly perfect-sloped structure formed from alternate solidification of both lava and
pyroclastic deposits.

4. A periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava, Just like the Irazu Volcano in
Costa Rica.

5. A violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large column of
very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics called base surges are observed.

6. Characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and
ashfall tephra like that of Paricutin Volcano in Mexico.

7. Is a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water.

8. It is short-lived, characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of a larger eruption. Shown on
the right is our Taal Volcano in Batangas.

9-11: There are three parts of the volcano namely:

12-15: The four types of volcano according to its eruptive style are:

16. Which volcano has 47 craters?

17. The most famous among our volcanoes, WHICH HAS THE PERFECT CONE.

18-20. Besides that volcano has a crater, give three more characteristics of it.