(The Colloquial Series) Zaure Batayeva - Colloquial Kazakh

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MASTER THE EVERYDAY

LANGUAGE
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Exercise 6
Exercise 7
Colloquial
Kazakh
Colloquial Kazakh provides a step-by-step course in Kazakh as it is

written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with
a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the
essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in
Kazakh in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the
language is required.
Key features include:
* progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills

¢ structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar
¢ an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises
¢ realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of
scenarios
¢ useful vocabulary lists throughout the text
¢ an overview of the sounds and alphabet of Kazakh
¢ additional resources available at the back of the book, including
a full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and
English translations of dialogues.
Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Kazakh will be

an indispensable resource both for independent learners and for
students taking courses in Kazakh.
Accompanying audio material is available to purchase separately
on two CDs or in MP3 format, or comes included in the great value
Colloquial Kazakh pack. Recorded by native speakers, the audio mater-
ial complements the book and will help enhance learners’ listening
and speaking skills.
U,
fo ”%’ Free additional audio is available to download from the
— product page at
www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415674287
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Colloquial
Kazakh
The Complete Course
for Beginners
Zaure Batayeva
a) Routledge
s Group
Nb NEW YORK
First published 2013
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2013 Zaure Batayeva
The right of Zaure Batayeva to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by
her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any
form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Batayeva, Zaure.
Colloquial Kazakh : the complete course for beginners / [Zaure Batayeva]. — 1st ed.
p. cm. — (The colloquial series)
Text in English and Kazakh.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Kazakh language—Textbooks for foreign speakers—English. 2. Kazakh
language—Grammar. 3. Kazakh language—Spoken Kazakh. 4. Kazakh language—
Self-instruction. [. Title.
PL65.K41B38 2012
494’.34582421 —dc23
2012005544
ISBN: 978-0-415-67428-7 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-0-415-67430-0 {audio CDs)
ISBN: 978-0-415-67429-4 (pack)
ISBN: 978-0-415-67434-8 (MP3s)
ISBN: 978-0-203-81047-7 (ebk)
Typeset in Avant Garde and Helvetica
by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong
MIX
Papaer from
respansible sources
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Efifi FSC*® C004839
TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall
Dedicated to my father
Abdrakhman Batayev
Contents
Acknowledgements Xii
Introduction xiii
The sounds of Kazakh
1 TaHbICKaHbIMA KYyaHbIWTbIMbIH!
Glad to meet you!
In this unit you will learn how to:

* greet others
¢ introduce yourself or others
e use pronouns and personal endings
¢ use the negative word emec
* ask and answer yes/no questions
2 Cia xanpaH 6onacbI3? 23

Where are you from?

¢ say where you are from
¢ use the verb 6ony
¢ put nouns in the plural
¢ speak about office items
e use demonstrative pronouns
¢ use numbers
viii Contents
3 CiagiH oT6acbiHbI3 ynkeH 6e? 39

Is your family big?

speak about family
use the possessive
indicate place, time and age
tell the time
use the names of weekdays and months
4 WrtanuapaHmbiH, 6ipak ka3ip Anmartbiga TypamMbiH 53

I am from ltaly, but | now live in Almaty

speak about your job
use the present/future tense
describe daily activities
ask yes/no questions
speak about city transport
speak about leisure activities
use the simple conditional
5 CanapbiHbI3 caTTi 60nCbIH! 74

Have a nice trip!
Iin this unit you will learn how to:

buy a train ticket
give instructions
ask for and give directions
indicate the purpose of an action
give the date with the help of ordinal numbers
6 lc-canap 90
Business trip

book a hotel room
express necessity and obligation
arrange a meeting
ask for and give permission
indicate your physical position
locate things with the help of prepositions
Contents
7 Anmarbina %aHbbIp xaybin Typ 105

It is raining in Almaty

e check in at an airport
¢ describe ongoing actions and events
¢ describe ongoing movement
¢ speak about the weather and the seasons
8 HaypbI3 KyTTbl 60ncbiH! 117

Happy Nowruz!

¢ invite someone to take action
s state or ask for someone’s intentions
* make a polite request
¢ say a blessing
¢ say what you like or dislike
Bisgin yire KoHakka KeniHis 130

Please come and visit our home

¢ invite guests and visit acquaintances
e order a meal in a café
¢ say that you can or cannot do something
¢ say that you ‘want’ to do something
10 Kasip asip 142

Ready to serve

* speak about cooking and recipes
¢ add a direct object to a verb
¢ use adverbs of manner
Contents
11 Bbyn meHiH enwemiMm emec 155

It is not my size

¢ talk about shopping
¢ indicate what your plans are
¢ talk about clothing items
¢ make adjectives from nouns
¢ compare things and persons
¢ use the passive voice
12 bi3 TypfaH Kana 171

The city we lived in

¢ discuss city travel
* use the recent and distant past tense
¢ make adjectives from verbs
¢ make references to ‘when’, ‘since’ and ‘until’
13 Bapnbifbl e3rewe 6onaTbiH 189

Everything used to be different

¢ rent an apartment
¢ use the ‘habitual past’ tense
¢ speak about city and village life
e make a hypothetical ‘if-then’ statement
® express your opinion
* express surprise and uncertainty
Contents Xi
14 Aybipbin Kanabim 203

| fell sick

* speak about health issues
e report someone else’s speech
¢ describe an action or event that you have not witnessed
e describe parts of the human body
¢ describe appearances
* say ‘because’ and ‘that’s why’
Grammar summary 221

Key to exercises 233
Translations of dialogues 253
Kazakh-English glossary 270
English-Kazakh glossary 292
Index 307
Acknowledgements
| would like to thank the editors of this book: Andrea Hartill, Gareth
King, Isabelle Cheng, Sarah Mabley and Helena Power, for giving me
their full support. | also would like to thank Askhat Erkimbay, Bakhytgul
Salykhova and Murat Zhiyenkulov for offering me expert linguistic
advice. Last but not least, | would like to say ‘thank you’ to all those
who have shared their passion for the Kazakh language with me over
the years. Their passion has given me the strength to complete this
book.
Infroduction
Like the other languages of the Turkic family, Kazakh is an agglutina-

tive language. Kazakh builds sentences by gluing together words
and endings on the basis of the sound quality of their vowels and
consonants. The aim of this book is not to give a technical treatment
of Kazakh agglutination, but to offer beginning learners of Kazakh an
opportunity to immerse themselves in the most basic and most com-
mon expressions of the language.
To this end, the book uses the same approach as the other titles
in Routledge’s Colloquial series. Each unit centres on a series of
dialogues and exercises. The dialogues are contemporary: they use
the language and social settings of life in the twenty-first century.
They are accompanied by ‘language points’ and ‘cultural points’,
which explain the grammatical and cultural underpinnings of the
dialogues. The explanations are kept succinct, allowing the dialogues
and the exercises to show you how the language works. The exercises
are short but focused: when done repeatedly, they will help you absorb
the words, idiomatic expressions and grammatical principles that the
book would like you to learn.
At the front of the book, you will find an overview of the Kazakh
sound system as well as the Cyrillic alphabet in which Kazakh is
usually written. At the back of the book, you will find an index, a
grammar summary, an answer key and the translations of dialogues
from Unit 7 onwards. There you will also find a two-way glossary,
which you can consult whenever you need to look up a word for an
oxercise. In the absence of a reliable learner’s dictionary, you may
lind that the glossary can also be a useful reference in real-life situ-
itions, when you are grappling to find the right word.
Finally, the accompanying CDs should be of great benefit to you.
It you do not live in Kazakhstan or do not have any Kazakh-speaking
ncquaintances, listening to the recordings will help you become famil-
inr with the sounds of Kazakh. Repeating after the voices of the
Xiv Infroduction
recordings should be of great benefit as well, because no matter how

artificial the act of repeating may seem, it will prepare you for the
real-life conversations that you may want to have later.
We hope that the approach of this book will help you learn the
language with greater ease than you may have anticipated. As we
say in Kazakh: icke cav!
Until the early twentieth century, Kazakh was written in the Arabic script.
It then went through a brief period of Latin spelling before it was enlisted
as one of the languages of the Soviet Union and had to adopt the
Cyrillic script. Today the official script continues to be Cyrillic (though
there remain speakers of Kazakh around the world who, for a variety
of reasons, continue to use the Arabic or Latin script). Not surprisingly,
perhaps, the influence of the Russian language has been profound.
Contemporary Kazakh contains numerous Russian loanwords and
seven distinctively Russian sounds. Yet Kazakh is still very much its
own language, thanks to vowel harmony and consonant assimilation,
the two sound processes that drive Kazakh agglutination. Below you
will find an overview of the sounds and sound processes that are vital
to this language.
Kazakh alphabet cp1; 2) N

Cyrillic Pronunciation Kazakh examples English equivalent “
lotter sound
Aa (a] ana, ata, aHa father

Oo8 [e] e, anke, ake cat
h6 [b] 6ana, 6ap, 6er baby
Be [v] BaroH (Russian loanword) vase
I [al ryn, rypin, ran go
It [b] facblp, Fapbiw, fFbINbIM *
ihn [d] ASpi, AsH, AeHe dog
e (iel en, ecik, eHe yes
e [io} énxa (Russian loanword) yawn
HO [3] WON, WYD, WOK pleasure
Cyrillic Pronunciation Kazakh examples English equivalent

letter sound
33 [2] 3amaH, 3aH, 3aT zoo

Un [i] uHe, Mic, uT eat
N (il KyW, YW, ait grey
Kk K] Ken, KeT, kyT kite
K K [q] Kbl3, Ka3, Koi ‘
nn n nac, nen, nak log
MM [m] MEH, MeKeH, man man
HH [n] HaH, He, HapbIK no
HH m aH, TaH, MbiH sing
Oo [o] OH, OKy, OT on
SK:} [3] eri3, ecy, e3eH dirt
Mn [p] nanaa, napei3, nepge pub
Pp [ paxmeT, peH, per b
Cc [s] cen, CeHiM, canblK sand
TT [t Tac, Tapak, racna top
Yy [u] y, by, 1y boot
¥y [o] ¥, ¥H, yw '

Yy [w] YH, yKi, yw actual, duvet
P [f] c¢oto (Russian loanword) fence
X x ix] XanbiK, Xart, xaH *
h h [h] wahap, maha66at hotel
Uu [ts] uemeHT (Russian loanword) pizza
Yy [1] yeMnuoH (Russian loanword) chimp
W w n wan, wak, wam shark
W w [M] weTka (Russian loanword) pushchair
bbb hard sign noawean (Russian loanword)
bl bi [A] bIM, bIPbIC, bIAbLIC but
li [ ic, inmex, iH ship
bb soft sign pynb (Russian loanword) *
Ja [€] akonorua (Russian loanword) red
O w0 [jul Ao use
An [ia) ana, wasnH, TankK yard
The sounds of Kazakh 3
Tips on pronouncing Kazakh sounds (CD 1; 3) m

4h
Below are the sounds that you may find difficult to pronounce. These
sounds feature in many Kazakh words, so they are well worth learn-
ing. You can listen to these sounds (and examples of each one) on
the accompanying CD.
The sound K
To make this sound, produce the English ‘k’-sound while touching

your throat with your tongue. For example: aK, KbiC, nak, nak, Kas,
Kana, KacblK, KbipbIK, Ka3aK, Kbi3blK, KOPbIK, KbiNblK.
The sound r
To make this sound, produce the English ‘g’-sound while touching

your throat with your tongue. For example: afa, 6ara, Ttara, araw,
ranam, FanbIM, facblp, 3biFbIp, 6araH, carar, TaraT, Fanuna.
The sound y
To make this sound, produce the English ‘0’-sound while positioning

your tongue as far back as possible in your mouth, without creating
a constriction. For example: yH, yn, ypbl, Typ, 6yYp, KYp, CYP. ¥PaH,
YPT, KYPT, YNaH, YfbIM, YWIAK, YNTaH, YNbIC.
IThe sound w
This sound appears only in Russian loanwords. It resembles the

‘sh’-sound in the English word ‘assure’. For example: weTka, awbl,
TYWbI, Kewe.
The sound bl
To make this sound, produce the English ‘i’-sound while positioning

your tongue as far back as possible in your mouth, without creating
a constriction. For example: biK, biM, bIPbIC, TbIHbIC, AbIObIC, FLINbIM,
XbiNbl, bIPbIM, CbIHbIN, WbIFbIC.
The sound p
To make this sound, produce the English ‘r'-sound while vibrating
your tongue against the front of the palate. For example: paxmer,
pa3bl, paylwaH, paixaH, pacim.
The hard sign b

The hard sign appears only in Russian loanwords. At the place of the
sign, produce a sound not unlike the initial sound in the English word
‘ves'. For example: pa3be3sqn, noabesn, Kapbepa, 6apbep, cbe3n.
The soft sign b

The soft sign appears only in Russian loanwords. The soft sign does
not produce a sound by itself. Its effect is to soften the preceding
consonant by raising the middle of the tongue toward the roof of the
mouth. For example: renb, pynb, CEHTAGPL, aHCaMONb.
Agglutination in Kazakh
Like all other languages of the Turkic family, Kazakh is an agglutina-
tive language: it builds sentences by adding layers of endings (or
suffixes) to the roots of words. In Kazakh these endings carry out a
range of functions: they create adjectives, negations, question parti-
cles, plurals of nouns, noun cases (of which there are many in Kazakh),
verb tenses and verb conjugations.
In order to decide which ending you should add to a Kazakh word,
you have to identify:
1 Whether the word ends on a vowel or a consonant.

2 To which type the last consonant of the word belongs.
3 To which type the vowel in the last syllable of the word belongs.
In Kazakh, the adding of endings (or agglutination) is driven by two

sound processes:
1 Vowel harmony: the process by which the last vowel of a word

determines which type of vowel will appear next, in all the sub-
sequent endings.
2 Consonant assimilation: the process by which the last consonant of

a word or the last consonant of an added ending determines which
type of consonant will appear next, at the beginning of the next ending.
Vowel harmony and consonant assimilation operate not only within

words (and their endings), but even across words. These two pro-
cesses may seem complicated at first, but once you grasp how they
work, it will not be difficult to start building sentences in Kazakh.
What follows is a general and fairly abstract discussion. Keep in
mind, however, that we will return to the principles of vowel harmony
and consonant assimilation throughout the book, so there will be plenty
of opportunities for you to fine-tune your understanding of them later.
Vowel harmony
Vowel harmony plays a crucial role in creating Kazakh words and

sentences. Broadly speaking, Kazakh vowel harmony works by selec-
tion: it selects which vowels can appear in the roots of words as well
as in the endings that are added to these words.
More specifically, vowel harmony is the process by which two types
of vowels, known as back and front vowels, generate in subsequent
uyllables the presence of vowels of their own type only.
There are 12 vowels in Kazakh. Five of them are back vowels and
soven are front vowels.
Back vowels a,o,VYYbl,L3

Front vowels 9,e,10,Y,i
All the endings usually have pairs that contain back and front vowels.
For example, the plural endings offer three pairs of endings: nap/nep,
nap/nep and Tap/tep. Thus, if the last vowel of the root of a word
in a back vowel, then the subsequent vowels (within the word root
ind in the endings that are added) will also be back vowels. For
oxample, the word xasywb! ‘writer’ that ends on the back vowel bi
nolects between the plural endings nap and nep the ending that has
iv back vowel, which is nap: xasywbl-nap ‘writers’.
On the other hand, if the first vowel of the root of a word is a front
vowel, then the subsequent vowels (within the word root and in the
endings that are added) will also be front vowels. For exampie, the
word keme ‘ship’ that ends on the front vowel e selects the ending
that contains a front vowel, which is nep: keme-nep ‘ships’.
Note that vowel harmony also regulates another sound pattern in
Kazakh. As a result of vowel harmony, Kazakh words and sentences
always introduce a vowel after each consonant. Vowel harmony does
not allow for several consonants to cluster together.
Consonant assimilation
The other sound process that plays an important role in creating

sentences in Kazakh is consonant assimilation, which operates on
three types of consonants, known as unvoiced consonants, voiced
consonants and sonorants.
Unvoiced consonants K, K, N, C, T, ¢h, X, 4, 4, W,

Voiced consonants 6,8, I,F,A4,% 3, h
Sonorants W N, MHHPY
For each type of consonant, the assimilation can occur in two direc-
tions: progressively or regressively.
Progressive consonant assimilation

Typically, progressive consonant assimilation in Kazakh is the process
by which the last consonant of a word generates at the beginning of
its first ending the presence of a consonant of the same type. But if
one of the later endings added to the word ends on a consonant,
progressive assimilation will also operate there, selecting a consonant
of the same type to appear at the beginning of the ending that follows
thereafter. (For reasons of simplicity, the latter process will receive
little attention in the examples below, but you will witness it in other
examples throughout the book.)
Thus, if the root of a word ends on one of the unvoiced consonants
K, K n,c T, &, X, U, 4, w, w or on one of the voiced consonants 6,
B, I, or A, the consonant with which the first added ending begins
will be an unvoiced consonant. For example, the word Tac ‘stone’
that ends on the unvoiced consonant ¢, between the two options of
abl and Tbl, chooses the ending that starts on the unvoiced con-
sonant 1, which is Tbi: Tac-Thl ‘stony’.
Four of the above consonants, 6, B, r and g, can appear at the

end of foreign proper names and Russian loanwords and at the end
of Kazakh surnames that have Russian suffixes (usually oB or eB).
However, when they appear at the end of such words, they are pro-
nounced as unvoiced consonants and therefore will select first end-
ings that begin with consonants of this type.
The process of progressive assimilation is also not so straightfor-
ward in the case of the seven sonorants of Kazakh: i, n, m, H, H, P,
y. Often, if the root of a Kazakh word ends on a sonorant, the con-
sonant with which the first ending begins will also be a sonorant.
Moreover, the letter y, when it appears at the beginning of a word of
after a vowel, is treated as a consonant.
There is one more type of progressive consonant assimilation that
deserves your attention, if only because it occurs frequently. If the
root of a word ends on a vowel, progressive assimilation determines
that the first ending that is added will always begin with a voiced
consonant or a sonorant.
Regressive consonant assimilation

In Kazakh, consonant assimilation also occurs in the opposite direc-
lion, with the subsequent sound (typically a vowel or consonant at
the beginning of an ending) affecting and changing the final sound
of the preceding word. This type of assimilation, known as regressive
assimilation, is probably the most challenging to learn because it
usually operates by changing the pronunciation of the preceding sound
only, not its spelling.
In only one situation does regressive consonant assimilation also
change the spelling of the preceding sound: when a word that ends
on one of the unvoiced consonants n, K, or K is followed by a vowel.
Below are some examples of what happens in this situation. For
oxample: can ‘handle’ changes into cab-bi ‘its handle’, kek ‘blue’
changes into ker-ingip ‘light blue’, kabak ‘brow’ changes into kabaf-bi
‘his brow’. We will return to this situation in Unit 3, when we discuss
possessive endings.
We will return to the effects of vowel harmony and consonant
nssimilation on Kazakh sentence formation throughout the book. To
conclude, here are two short exercises to practise the essence of
what we have just discussed.
8 The sounds of Kazakh
Exercise 1 (cp1; 4)
Following the principles of vowel harmony, choose the correct ending
for each of the words below. Then listen to the correct answers on the
& accompanying CD.
COH + abl/aj XYP + CbIH/CiH

Kece + MeH/MbIH Kapy + nol/ni
6inim + gbi/pi YP + Me/ma
6u + wi/wwl oK + i/bl
Exercise 2 (cD 1; 5)
Following the principles of progressive assimilation, choose the correct
ending for each of the words below. Then listen to the correct answers
& onthe accompanying CD.
ara + fap/nap Tan + gap/tap KenbaeB + Kalra

KaW + AaH/TaH Tam + Ka/fa yHuBepmMmar + fa/ka
Ky6 + 6eH/neH HaH + Tbi/abl napap + fa/ka
KOpiK + Ti/Hi TaH + neH/MeH rapax + fa/ka
KaTy + Abl/nbl Typ + na/ma Kbi3 + Tap/gap
onu + relke Tay + Obl/nbl HaH + mMeH/ne
Unit One
TaHbICKaHbIMa KyaHbIWTbIMbIH!
Glad to meet you!
In this unit you will learri-how to:. q
e greet others
¢ introduce yourself or others
e use pronouns and personal endings
¢ use the negative word emec
¢ ask and answer yes/no questions
Diclogue 1 4P
ATbI-XeHiHi3 kim 6onagbl? What is your name?
(CD 1; 6)
Stacy enters her office in Almaty for the first time. Aigul,
the secretary, is sitting at her desk.
ctanc Coanemertcis Ge!

AWrYn AmaHchi3d 6al bynbiMTailbIHbI3 6ap ma?
ctancu MeHiH atbiM Ctancn. MeH ocbl KOMNaHUAHBIH XaHa
NHXEHEPIMIH.
Anryn KewipiHi3, ToNbIK aTbl-KeHiHi3 kiMm 6onaabl?
cravcn Craricu bpyk.
AUryYn Kow kenpiHia, Ctancu! MeH AArynMmiH, ocbl KOMNaHUSAHbIH
XaTLWbICbIMbIH.
10 Unit 1: TaHbICKaHBIMA KYyaHLIWTbIMbIH]
STACY How do you do?

AIGUL How do you do? Can | help you?
STACY My name is Stacy. I'm the new engineer.
AIGUL I’'m sorry, what is your full name?
STACY Stacy Brooke.
AIGUL Welcome, Stacy! I'm Aigul, the secretary.
@ Vocabulary
‘ OyibiMTarbIHbI3 6ap ma? can | help you?
MEHIH aTbiM my name
ocbl this
XaHa new
KewipiKis excuse me, sorry
TONbIK aTbl-KOHi full name
| xaTwbl secretary
y UHKeHep engineer
| 9 Diclogue 2
Tanbic 6onbiHbI3 Let me infroduce you
(CD1;7)
The manager enters the room.
ANIYN EpnaH AxmMeT-ynbl, TaHbic 60nbiHbI3, CTalicu Bpyk, waHa

MNHXEHeD.
EPNAH EpnaH AxmeT-ynbl — 6eniM 6acTbifbl. TaHbICKAHLIMA
KyaHbILWTbIMbIH. Kow kengin!
ctancn Ceanemercia 6e, Epnan Axmet-ynbi!
AIGUL Erlan Akhmet-uly, please meet Stacy Brooke, the new engineer.
ERLAN Erlan Akhmet-uly, the manager of our division. Nice to
meet you. Welcome!
STACY How do you do, Erlan Akhmet-uly?
Unit 1: Glad to meet you! 11
Vocabulary | | %n
TaHbiC GONbIKLI3 please meet
Genim 6acTbirbl manager of the division
Kow Kenpin welcome
Bjleilele[V{cRe N
\l/
Meniy atbim Kanat My name is Kanat (CD 1; 8) O
Kanat, a young employee, comes in.
KAHAT Canem! TaHbic 6onanblk, MeHiH atbiM KaHar.

ctarcn Ceanem! TaHbICKaHbIMa KyaHbILUTbIMbIH!
KANAT Hil Let us be acquainted, my name is Kanat.

8TaCY Hil Nice to meet you.
Cultural point
When you greet someone in Kazakh, you can do so with the formal
cenemertcia 6e or with the informal canem. Kazakh culture is hierar-
chical: older people and people of a higher rank should be addressed
with the formal greeting. You can also use the formal greeting when
you meet someone for the first time. In Dialogue 1, for example,
Stacy, upon entering her new workplace, greets Aigul, the secretary,
by saying canemeTcia 6e. This phrase literally means ‘are you in good
health?’ but you can use it as a greeting whenever you are in a new
or formal situation.
However, when Kanat, another employee, greets Stacy, he chooses
the informal greeting canem. He could have chosen the formal greet-
ing but instead opts for the less formal alternative, because he sees
that he and Stacy belong to the same age group.
In Kazakh culture, older or higher-ranking people should never
be addressed by their first names only. When the secretary, Aigul,
12 Unit 1: TaHbIiCKaHbIMa KyaHbLIWTbIMbIH!
addresses the manager, Erlan, she uses his first name followed by
his father's name and the word ynbi: Epnad Axmer-ynbi ‘Erlan
Akhmet-uly’ (literally: ‘Erlan son-of-Akhmet’). Use this form of address
whenever you want to address an older or higher-ranking male by
name. If the older or higher-ranking person is female, add the word
Kbi3bl instead. For example, Fanua Axmert-kbi3bl (literally: ‘Galiya
daughter-of-Akhmet’).
Outside the workplace (that is, at home or in the street), you should
address older women with one of the following words: anke, TaTe,
anan, or ana. Southern Kazakhs often call older women anke or
Tare, eastern Kazakhs call them anai and western Kazakhs call them
ana. For example: AnxaH anke ‘sister Aizhan', Cayne vate ‘auntie
Saule’, Hyp3ura anam ‘sister Nurziga’ and MapxaH ana ‘auntie
Marzhan’. If a woman is older than sixty, you should address her as
ana or axe.
Older men are called ara. If a man is older than sixty, you should
address him as ara.
Older people can address younger people by their first names.
They can also address younger people with the informal word cen.
For example, in Dialogue 2, Erlan uses the informal cen when he
addresses Stacy: kow kengiH (literally: ‘welcome came you’).
Finally, note that there is also what Kazakhs believe to be a Muslim
greeting, widely used especially by Kazakh men. In this case, the
initial greeting Accanaymaranenkym ‘Peace be upon you’ is answered
by Yaranenkymaccanam ‘May blessings be upon you.’
Exercise 1
Below is a list of informal greetings and farewells. Try reading them
aloud.
Coanem! Hi!
AmancbiH 6a? Hello!
Canewm Gepgix! My greetings!
TaHbic 6onanblik. Let us be acquainted.
TaHbIC 60n. Let me introduce you.
Kow kenain! Welcome!
TaHbICKaHbIMa KyaHbIWTbIMbIH. I'm glad to meet you.
Cay 6on. Goodbye.
KepickeHLe. See you!
Exercise 2 (cp 1; 9) %
lBelow is a list of more formal greetings and farewells. Read them and
Ihen listen to how they are pronounced on the accompanying CD. Repeat
alter the voice. 14
AmaHcbi3 6a? How do you do?
Canewmerci3 6e? How do you do?
Kanbipnbl TaH. Good morning.
Kew xapblK. Good evening.
Kaubipnst TyH. Good night.
TaHbIC 60MbIHbI3! Let me introduce you.
Kow kenainia! Welcome!
CiabeH TaHbICKaHbIiMa
KyaHbIWTbIMbIH! Nice to meet you!
Cay 60onbiHbI3. Goodbye.
Accanaymaraneikym. Peace be upon you.
Yaranenkymaccanam. May blessings be upon you.
Exercise 3 @
I irst assess whether the initial greeting or farewell is formal or informal.
Ihen choose the best reply. You may look up unfamiliar words in the
ylossary at the back of the book.
| Coanemercia 6e, MNapkep Mbip3a?
1 Cenem!
2 Cenemercia 6e?
? TaHbic 6onanbik. MeHiH atbim Canuma.
1 MeHiH atbim Kanpart!
2 MeHiH atbiM Kanpat bonat-ynbl.
J Kew xapblk, Mbip3anap MeH xaHbIMAap.
1 Canewm!
2 Kew xapblk.
4 Cay 60nbiHbIa.
1 Cay 6on!
2 KepickeHwe.
% Accanaymaranenkym.
1 AmaHcbI3 6a?
2 Yaranewkymaccanam.
14 Unit 1: TaHbICKaHbIMA KyaHbIWTbIMbIH!
Language points
1 How to use personal pronouns
In Kazakh there are eight personal pronouns, including the following

six: MeH ‘I', ceH ‘you’ singular, on ‘he/she/it’, 6i3 ‘we’, cengep ‘you’
plural, onap ‘they’. Notice that Kazakh does not have separate pronouns
for ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’. In addition, there are two more second person
pronouns that you can only use in formal situations: cia ‘you’ singular,
cisgep ‘you’ plural.
Personal pronouns always appear at the beginning of the sen-
tence. Unlike English personal pronouns, however, Kazakh personal
pronouns may often be dropped from the sentence. For example:
MeH uHxeHepMiH and uHxeHepmiH have the same meaning ‘I'm an
engineer’ except that the first sentence contains a personal pronoun
at the beginning of the sentence, just to emphasize the subject.
A personal pronoun is required only in the type of sentence on
which we are focusing in this unit. This type of sentence does not have
a spelled-out verb, only an implicit verb: the copula ‘to be’. (Note that
the verb ‘to be’ is spelled out in Kazakh sentences only when it is used
for another purpose, as we will see in Unit 2, Language point 3.)
If a personal pronoun appears in this type of sentence, it takes up
the function of subject of the sentence, immediately followed by the
predicate of the sentence (whose function is to add information about
the subject). This predicate always takes a personal ending, whose
aim is to complement the personal pronoun.
2 How to use personal endings
As we have already seen in the introduction, endings are the essen-

tial building block of Kazakh sentences. So it is with personal endings.
When the subject of a Kazakh sentence is not specified by name and
would be translated in English as a personal pronoun, you may
(depending on the type of sentence) drop the personal pronoun, but
you always keep the personal ending.
In the type of sentence that we are reviewing here (a personal pro-
noun as subject, followed by a verbless predicate), add the personal
ending to the predicate. In more complex sentences that feature actual
Unit 1. Glad to meet you! 15
vaerbs, add the personal ending to the object of the sentence (which,
18 you will see in the units that follow, appears before the verb in Kazakh).
For example, in order to say ‘I'm a secretary’, you first introduce
the personal pronoun meH ‘I’ and then you add to the predicate of
the sentence, xaTwbi ‘secretary’, one of the personal endings of the
lirst person, MbliH. The result: MeH XaTWbIMbIH.
There are many personal endings in Kazakh. As you start learning
the language, you will get to use and learn them all. Choose among
the different endings on the basis of vowel harmony and consonant
nssimilation, which, as we have already seen, are the two essential
principles in Kazakh sentence formation.
First determine if the word to which a personal ending should be added
onds on a vowel or a consonant. If the word ends on a vowel, determine
it it is a front vowel or a back vowel. If the word ends on a consonant,
determine if it is an unvoiced consonant or a voiced consonant.
There are six personal endings for the first person singular:
MbIH/MiH, BbIH/GIH and neix/nin. If the word to which the personal
onding should be added ends on a vowel or on one of the consonants
W, M, H, H, N or p, add either the ending MbIH or miH. If the word ends
on one of the consonants x or 3, add either the ending 6biH or Gin. If the
word ends on an unvoiced consonant, add either the ending nbix or niH.
Then narrow your choice further by looking at the vowel quality of
ihe last syllable. If the vowel of the last syllable is a back vowel,
choose the personal ending that contains the back vowel bli. If the
vowel of the last syllable is a front vowel, choose the personal ending
that contains the front vowel i. For example:
MeH xaTwbI-MbIH. I’'m a secretary.

MeH nHXeHep-MiH. I’'m an engineer.
MeH Fa3us-OblIH. I'm Gaziz.
MeH ©3u3-6iH. I'm Aziz.
MeH KaHaT-nblH. I'm Kanat.
MeH Cepik-nin. I'm Serik.
There are six personal endings for the first person plural: MbI3/mi3,
6b13/6i3 and nwi3/ni3. If the word to which the personal ending should
be added ends on a vowel, or one of the consonants i, n or p, add
nither the ending MbI3 or mi3. If the word ends on one of the consonants
M, 3, M, H or H, add either the ending 6b13 or 6i3. If the word ends
on an unvoiced consonant, add either the ending nLI3 or ni3.
16 Unit 1: TaHbiCKaHbIMA KyaHbIWTbIMbIH!
Then narrow your choice further by looking at the vowel quality of

the last syllable. If the vowel of the last syllable is a back vowel,
choose the personal ending that contains the back vowel bi. If the
vowel of the last syllable is a front vowel, choose the personal ending
that contains the front vowel i. For example:
Bi3 6aKbITTbI-MbI3. We are happy.

Bi3 kepuwi-mi3. We are neighbours.
Bi3 aanbIH-ObI3. We are ready.
Bi3 ynneHreH-6i3. We are married.
Bi3 TaHbIC-NbI3. We are acquainted.
Bi3 apinTec-nis. We are colleagues.
There are four personal endings for the second person singular. Two
can be used if you want to address someone in an informal manner:
cbIH/CiH. The other two can be used if you want to address someone
in a formal manner: cbi3/ci3.
Narrow your choice by looking at the final syllable of the word to
which the personal ending should be added. If it contains a back
vowel, choose the ending that contains the back vowel bl. If it contains
a front vowel, choose the ending that contains the front vowel i. For
example:
CeH aynapmMaulbi-CbiH,. You are a translator.

CeH 3aHrep-CiH. You are a lawyer.
Ci3 wac-cbli3. You are young.
Cia myranim-cia. You are a teacher.
The plural form of the second person has the same personal endings
as the singular, but it takes one of the plural endings aap or aep.
(For a full discussion of plural endings, see Unit 2.) For example:
CeHaep Kbi3blK-CbiH-aap. You are interesting.

CeHaep cTypeHT-CiH-Oep. You are students.
Cizpep 6anbinTbI-CbI3-Aap. You are reasonable.
Ciapnep keHinai-ciz-aep. You are happy.
Finally, note that the third person takes no personal endings. For
example:
On akbinAbl. He is intelligent.
Onap *akchbl. They are good.
Exercise 4 (cp 1; 10)

Complete the following phrases by adding the right personal ending. @
I ook up unfamiliar phrases in the glossary. You can listen to how the
phrases are pronounced on the accompanying CD. C)
b
Example bBi3 xacnbla.
1 fumapar ecki 7 MelhmaHxaHa KbimbaT

2 Onap erpe 8 MeH cabbipnbl
3 CeH aKkeHin 9 Ci3 6onpak .
4 TymkaH agemi 10 Onap axblpackaH
5 Cisgep 6oc 11 CeH TypMbIcTa
6 Aya pavbl Kypfak .
Language point Q
3 How to use the negative word emec
1he type of sentence on which we are focusing in this unit does not
hive an explicit verb (only the implicit copula ‘to be’). To put this type
ol sentence in the negative, add the personal ending not to the
predicate but to the negative word emec. For example: MeH 3aHrep
emec-niH ‘I'm not a lawyer.’
Choose among the personal endings on the basis of consonant
nssimilation. As emec ends on the unvoiced consonant ¢, your choice
In limited to one of the following four endings: one ending for the first
porson singular (nin), one ending for the first person plural (ni3), one
onding for the second person singular (ciH) and one ending for the
first person plural (cis). For example:
MeH opbIC emec-niH. I'm not Russian.

Bi3 panbIH emec-ni3. We are not ready.
CeH 3aHrep emec-CiH. You are not a lawyer.
Ci3 ucnanpablx emec-ci3. You are not Spanish.
Au the third person takes no personal endings, the word emec also
intnains without an ending. For example:
On amepukanblik emec. He is not an American.

Onap yhneHreH emec. They are not married.
18 Unit 1: TaHbICKaHbIMa KyaHbIWTbIMbIH!
Finally, note that it is common in Kazakh to use emec when asking

a yes/no question. For example: Ci3 Anmac emecci3 6e? ‘Aren’t you
Almas?’ We will discuss how to make such yes/no questions under
the next language point.
Exercise 5
Below is a list of sentences that feature the names of professions. Trans-
late each of the sentences by using the clue in brackets and by adding
the right personal ending.
Example I'm a journalist. (Timuwi)

MeH Tinwimix,
I’'m not a farmer. (manuwbi)

=
You are a teacher. (myranim)

WN
You are not a labourer. ()KyMbICLbI)

He/she is a businessman. (kacinkep)
They are not salesmen. (caTywbl)
She is not a bank clerk. (6aHk KbiameTkepi)
She is a cook. (acna3wbi)
N
We are engineers. (MHXeHep)

O
We are not students. (ctyaeHT)

o
10 You are a driver. (xyprisyuwi)

11 You are not oil workers. (MyHanwbl)
12 He is an accountant. (6yxranTtep)
p Language point
4 How to ask and answer yes/no questions
To ask a guestion to which the answer can be a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’,

insert at the end of the question one of the following six question
words or particles: ma/me, 6a/6e or na/ne. These words are called
particles because they have a function but not a meaning (i.e. a
meaning that can be translated into other words). Often a question
particle follows immediately after a personal ending. For example:
Kitan kbi3biKk na? ‘Is the book interesting?’
Choose among the different question particles on the basis of the

principles of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.
If the preceding word ends on a vowel or on one of the consonants
n or p, choose the particle ma or me. Narrow your choice by looking
at the vowel quality of the last syllable of the preceding word. If this
nyllable contains a back vowel, choose the particle that contains a
back vowel as well: ma. If it contains a front vowel, choose the par-
ticle that contains a front vowel as well: me. For example: Aybip ma?
'ls it heavy?’, XCeRin me? ‘Is it light?’
If the preceding word ends on one of the voiced consonants
M, H, H or 3, choose the particle 6a or 6e. Here, too, narrow your
choice by looking at the vowel quality of the last syllable of the pre-
ceding word. If the last syllable of the preceding word contains a
back vowel, choose the particle 6a. If it contains a front vowel, choose
the particle 6e. For example: Ap3an 6a? ‘Is it cheap?’, Ci3 xaHa
JaHrepci3 6e? ‘Are you a new lawyer?’
If the preceding word ends on an unvoiced consonant, choose the
particle na or ne. Once again, narrow your choice on the basis of
vowel harmony. If the last syllable of the preceding word contains a
back vowel, choose the particle na. If it contains a front vowel, choose
the particle ne. For example: KyH cyslK na? ‘Is it cold?’, Kbim6ar
na? ‘Is it expensive?’
To answer a yes/no question, begin your answer with either the
word na ‘yes’ or the word xoK ‘no’ and then repeat most of the
content of the question (keeping in mind, of course, that you may
hove to change the personal pronoun and/or the personal ending).
Exercise 6 (cp 1; 11) @

lIsing the clues below, ask simple yes/no questions. Then listen to the
nceompanying CD and check your answers.
( hl
Example ci3 xaTwbi (‘secretary’) Cia xaTwbicbia 6a?
on xanoHablk (‘Japanese’)
=
cisgep goc (‘friend’)

S WN
DO
on 6actblk (‘boss’)
meH eHbekkop (‘hardworking')
CeH cTyaeHT (‘student’)
ceHaep TaHbic (‘acquainted’)
20 Unit 1. TaHbICKaHbIMa KyaHbIWTbIMbIH!
Question words
Kim? Who? KawaHn? When?
He? What? Kanpga? Where?
Kan? Which? Kanpan? Where from?
Kauwpan? What kind of? Hewe? How many?
Here? Why? KaHwa? How many/much?
Note that in the type of sentence we are reviewing in this unit, a question
word will assume the function of predicate, take a personal ending and
appear after the subject of the sentence. For example: CeH kangaH-CbIH?
‘Where are you from?’, On kim? ‘Who is he/she?’ For the word order
in questions, see the grammar summary at the back of the book.
Exercise 7
Using the clues provided, ask a series of simple questions. Keep in mind
that the subject of the sentence always appears at the beginning of the
sentence.
Example «im — ceH CeH KiMCiH?
1 He — Byn 4 Here — CeH — KeHincia

2 kah — ci3 — kana 5 Hewe - 6ana
3 KanpaH — ceH 6 Kanga — ceagik
Nationalities
Below is a list of the nationalities that you are likely to encounter
in Kazakhstan. Read them out loud.
ascTpanuanblK Australian KbipFbi3 Kyrgyz

arbINWbIH English KbiTal Chinese
6puTaHabIK British MOHFON Mongolian
amepukaHablk American Hewmic German
apab Arabic opbIC Russian
ronnanauAanelK Dutch 036ek Uzbek
HanoHAbIK Japanese TaiK Tajik
UcnaHabIK Spanish TYPIK Turkish
UTanUAHAbLIK Italian TypikmeH Turkmen
KaHafanbIK Canadian YHAINiK Indian
Kapic Korean c¢dpaHuys French
Kasak Kazakh
Unit 1; Glad to meet you! 21

LIsing the list above, translate the questions below into Kazakh. You can
lislen to the translations on the accompanying CD. O
Example s she British? On 6puTaHablk na? »
Is he ltalian?
WN =
Are they Turkish?

Is he French?
Are you Indian?
b
Is she Australian?
O
Are you Uzbek?

~NO
Isn’t he Kazakh?
Aren’t they Russian?
®
Language point @\
8 How to say ‘| am married’
Knzakh does not mark gender except for the adjectives that indicate
marital status. To say ‘l am married’, you can use either the adjective
ynneHreH or TypmbicKa weikkaH. Whether you use one or the other
«lnpends on your gender (or the gender of the person to whom you
arn referring).
If you are a man or are referring to a man, use the adjective
yuneHreH. This adjective derives from the verb yineny, which literally
moans ‘to make a home’. If you are a woman or are referring to a woman,
une the adjective TypMbicKa wbikkaH. This adjective derives from the
virh TypmbIcKa WbiFy, which literally means ‘to go out to make a house-
hold’. Note that this adjective can be shortened to TypmbicTa. The
whole phrases look as follows: MeH yineHretmiH, MeH TYpMbICTaMbIH
"I nm married.’
Similarly, to say ‘I am single’, use 6onaak if you are a man or are
ivforring to a man, and use TyPMbICKa WwbkiKnaraH if you are a woman
o are referring to a woman.
22 Unit 1: TaHbICKAHbIMA KyaHbILWTLIMbIH]
Exercise 9 (cb 1; 13)

How would you answer the yes/no questions below? First write down
your answer and then read aloud both the question and your answer.
& You can check your pronunciation: on the accompanying CD, you can
listen to each of the questions as well as two possible answers to each
question.
Example Cis Eyponanbikcbia 6a? (Are you European?)

WNa, MeH eyponanbik-nbiH.
Xok, MeH eyponanblK eMec-Nid, aMepuUKanblK-NbiH.
Cia cnoptuwnbicki3 6a? (‘Are you an athlete?’)

=
Cia oMblHWbICKI3 6a? (‘Are you a video gamer?’)

WN
Cis aeptTeyulicia 6e? (‘Are you a scientist?’)

Cia keHingicia 6e? (‘Are you upbeat?’)
O~
Ci3 bakbiTcblackia 6a? (‘Are you unhappy?’)

Cia ykbInTbICHI3 6a? (‘Are you tidy?’)
~NO
Ci3 kblaraHwakchlis 6a? (‘Are you envious/jealous?’)

Cis ymbiTwakebia 6a? (‘Are you forgetful?’)
O
Cis yrineHreHcia 6e? (‘Are you married?’)

©

You are meeting someone for the first time. Enter the conversation. Make
m sure to use personal endings. You take the part of the second speaker.
1A
ZHANAR Canemertcia 6e. TaHbic 6onanblk. Med XaHapMbliH.
YOU [Say: hello. Then introduce yourself.]
ZHANAR Cia amepukanbikcbi3 6a?
YOU [Say: I'm not American, I'm British. Then ask: are you Kazakh?)
ZHANAR WMo, MeH Ka3aKnbiH.
YOU [Say: I'm glad to meet you.]
Unit Two
Ci3 xkavgaH 6bonacbi3?
Where are you from?
i ;ix AT e e :é““;"“‘ 7 T
In this unit you will earm ha wio: ..
¢ say where you are from
* use the verb 6ony
¢ put nouns in the plural
¢ speak about office items
¢ use demonstrative pronouns
* use numbers
plele iR
Kanpan 6onacbiz? Where are you from? (CD 1; 15)
Stacy is meeting other colleagues at the office. Her Kazakh
colleagues are curious and ask her many questions.
ANMAC AmaHcbia 6a! Men AnmacnbiH. Cis Ctalicu 6onackia 6a?

ctoncn Ue, meH CTINCUMIH.
AnMAC Cia xaHa aaHrepcia 6e?
CTaNCKU JKOK, MEH 3aHrep eMecniH, MHXEHepMiH. MbiHa XIriT MeHiH
xybanbim Jlyka.
ANMAC TaHbICKaHbIMa KyaHbIWThIMbIH. AHay XriT ci3aiH
apinTeciHia 6e?
cTancK We, on meniy, apinteciM. OHbIH aTbl CTuB.
ANMAC Ctue Te AMepukapaH 6a?
24 Unit 2: Cis kainaan 6onacbia?
CTanCH We, on na AMepukanaH. Cen we? ActaHagaH 6onaceiH 6a?

ANMAC Kok, meH AcTaHapnaH emecniH, MeH AktebeaeH GonamuiH.
ALMAS Hello! I'm Almas. Are you [being] Stacy?

STACY Yes, | am.
ALMAS Are you a new lawyer?
STACY No, | am not a lawyer, | am an engineer. This man is my
spouse Luka.
ALMAS Nice to meet you. Is that man your colleague?
STACY Yes, he is my colleague. His name is Steve.
ALMAS Is Steve also from America?
STACY Yes, he is also [being] from America. And you? Are you
[being] from Astana?
ALMAS No, | am not from Astana, | am [being] from Aktobe.
%B }ii\/ocqbuldry |
i xangan where from MblHa this
| wo yes xiriT young man
WOK no wyban spouse
) 6ony to be opinTec colleague
3anrep lawyer
Language points
1 How to say ‘also’
In Dialogue 1, when discussing the question whether their colleague

Steve is from America, Almas and Stacy each use a different particle
to say ‘also’. In total, Kazakh has four different particles with which
you can say ‘also’: na/ge and ta/te. As usual, choose among the
different options on the basis of the principles of vowel harmony
and consonant assimilation. If the word ends on unvoiced consonants,
add the word particle Ta or Te. If the subject of the sentence ends
on vowels or any consonants other than unvoiced, add the particle
Aa or ge. Then narrow your choice on the basis of vowel harmony.
tnit 2. Where are you from?
I or example:
On pa MHxeHep. He is also an engineer.

Ci3 pe 6apacbi3 6a? Will you go, too?
KaHT Ta Kayinri. Sugar is also dangerous.
CtuB Te AMepukanaH 6a? Is Steve also from America?
2 How to say where you are from
When in Dialogue 1 Almas is asked where he is from, he replies by

naying: Yok, men ActaHapaH emecnid, meH AxrebeneH 6onambiH
‘No, | am not from Astana, | am [being] from Aktobe.’
Notice that in this sentence Almas uses many of the elements
we have been discussing in this unit. He adds only two new elements:
place names, each combined with a so-called ‘ablative’ ending,
AaH and aeH. These endings are called ‘ablative’ because their function
Is to mark a movement away from the places to whose names they
ire added.
In sentences where the subject is a personal pronoun (whether this
pronoun is spelled out or not), the personal ending will be added to
the ablative ending. Notice that in his reply, Aimas adds the personal
ondings to two other words, emec and 6ony.
In general, if you want to say where you are from, add to the place
that you are from one of the following ablative endings: HaH/HeH,
AaH/AeH or TaH/TeH. As is to be expected, choose among these
ondings on the basis of the principles of vowel harmony and conso-
nant assimilation. Because all ablative endings begin with a consonant,
make your initial choice on the basis of consonant assimilation.
If the place name ends on one of the possessive endings or on
one of the consonants M, H or H, choose the ending HaH or HeH. Then
narrow your choice by looking at the vowel quality of the last syllable of
the place name. If this last syllable contains a back vowel, choose the
onding HaH. If it contains a front vowel, choose the ending HeH. For
oxample: KasakcTaH-Han ‘from Kazakhstan', Benxin-HeH ‘from Beijing’.
If the place name ends on one of the vowels or on one of the
nomivowels s or 1, or one of the consonants p, 3 or i, add the end-
ing AaH or peH. Here, too, narrow your choice by looking at the vowel
quality of the last syllable of the place name. If this last syllable
contains a back vowel, choose the ending aaH. If it contains a front
26 Unit 2: Ci3 xanpan 6onacbia?
vowel, choose the ending aeH. For example: Typkusi-nan ‘from

Turkey’, AKkTe6e-geH ‘from Aktobe'.
If the place name ends on an unvoiced consonant or on one of
the voiced consonants a or B, choose the ending TaH or TeH. Once
again, narrow your choice on the basis of vowel harmony. If the
last syllable of the place name contains a back vowel, choose the
ending TaH. If it contains a front vowel, choose the ending TeH.
For example: Awxabaa-tan ‘from Ashkhabad’, lUbIiMKeHT-TeH
‘from Shymkent’.
As you may have already noticed in two of the examples above,
KasakctaHHaH and LWbiMKeHTTeH, there is no need to eliminate any
letters when you add an ablative ending that begins with the same
sound as that of the last letter of the place name.
Ablative endings always retain the same form, except in one situation.
When they are added to a personal pronoun, they blend with the pronoun
and become MeHeH ‘from me’, ceHeH ‘from you’, ogaH ‘from him/her’.
In this case, of course, the ablative endings are used for a different
purpose: to mark a movement away from a person, not a place.
In this context, it is worth mentioning that question particles can
take an ablative ending as well. With the ablative endings, you can
make questions such as kiM-HeH? ‘from whom?’, He-geH? ‘from
what?’, kan-gaH? ‘from where?’
Finally, note that as a result of consonant assimilation, the personal
endings that can be added to an ablative ending are limited to the
following: MbIH/MiH, BbI3/6i3, cbIH/CiH and cbi3/ci3. Here, too,
make your choice on the basis of vowel harmony and consonant
assimilation. For example: AnMartbi-gaH-mMbiH ‘I'm from Almaty’,
Napux-peH-6i3 ‘We are from Paris.’
& Exercise
Make
1 (cb 1; 16)
sentences with the clues provided. Put each sentence together
0 by adding the right ablative endings. Then

on the accompanying CD.
MeH — YHgictaH — Jenun

listen to the full sentences
=2
ceH — ©3bekcTaH — TallKeHT

ON
ci3 — Pecen — Mackey

on — ¥noi bputanua — JloHOoH
g~
6i3 — ®parHums — Mapwx

Unit 2: Where are you from? 27
6 cexnep — Amepuka — Hito Wopk

7 ciagep — lepmanuna — MioHxeH
8 onap — UWee#iuapua — XeHesa
Language points Q
3 When to use the verb Gony ‘to be’
So far we have focused on sentences from which the copula ‘to be’
has been dropped (and which are therefore without an explicit verb).
Under some circumstances, however, you can use the verb 6ony: for
example, when giving information about yourself or asking someone
a personal question. In Dialogue 1, Almas asks Stacy: Cia Ctancu
6onacbi3 6a? ‘Are you being Stacy?’ This question sounds friendlier
and more polite than the question without the verb 6Gony: Cia
Crancucis 6e? ‘Are you Stacy?’
When you use the verb 6ony, add the personal ending to the verb,
not to the predicate (i.e. the noun or adjective that precedes the verb).
Compare the following examples:
MeH OckemMeHHeH-MiH. or MeH ©ckeMeHHeH 60na-MbiH.

I am from Ust-Kamenogorsk.
Bi3 XXanoHuapau-6613. or Bi3 XXanoHuapnaH 6ona-mbi3.

We are from Japan.
Onap HuaepnauaraH. or Onap HuaepnaHarad 6ona-abl.

They are from the Netherlands.
4 How to identify a place of origin
In Kazakh you can identify a place of origin in two ways: by adding

to the place of origin one of the ablative endings or one of the endings
neIK/NiK, AbIK/AiK or ThiK/TiK. You may already have noticed the latter
endings in Unit 1, where they appear often at the ends of adjectives
that identify nationalities. However, you can also use these endings
more broadly. For example: Bi3 aybin-abiK xepaeH6is ‘We are from
a rural place’, MyHa# — otaH-abik eHgipic ‘Oil is a domestic industry’,
MeHn Anmartbi-nbiKnbIH ‘| am an Almaty man/woman.’
28 Unit 2: Cia xainpaH 6onacbi3?
Choose among the different endings on the basis of the principles

of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation. If the word ends on a
vowel or one of the consonants %, p or y, add the ending nbix or
nik. If the word ends on one of the consonants n, M, H or i, add the
ending AablK or gik. If the word ends on one of the unvoiced consonants
or one of the voiced consonants B8 or r, add the ending TbiK or Tik.
Then narrow your choice by looking at the vowel quality of the last
syllable of the word. If it contains a back vowel, add the ending that
contains a back vowel. If it contains a front vowel, add the ending
that contains a front vowel. For example: On NlongoHn-abIK ‘He is a
Londoner', Ci3 Bproccenb-aik-cia 6e? ‘Are you a Brusselian?’
Exercise 2 (cp 1;17)

Listen to the names of the major Kazakh cities on the accompanying
O CD. While listening, locate these cities on the map below.
e
Mevponasn
*®
Kekweray
AcTaHae
*
*
Axtebe OckemeH
®
Kaparangb!
Kbiabinopaa
®
°
LWibIMKeHT
Exercise 3
Rewrite the sentences in the left column (which all feature an ablative
ending) by adding one of the endings discussed under the previous lan-
guage point and then adding the right personal ending (which we discussed
in Unit 1).
Example MeH ActaHagaHMBbIH. MeH AcTaHanbiKnbiH.
1 bepik KaparaHabinaH. On
2 CeH Kbi3binopaanaHchiH. CeH
3 ApMaH ©ckeMeHHEH. On
4 bisgep Tapa3naH6bia. bia

5 Cia AkTayaaHcbla. Cia
6 EpxaH KoctaHainpaH. On
Dialogue 2 P
Pybiy xim? What is your tribe? (CD 1; 18) O
Stacy and Almas meet their new colleague Marat.
ANMAC TaHbic 6onavibik. MeH AnmacnbiH. Byn — Ctaiicu, Giagi

XaHa apinTecimia.
CcTancn Ceanem. CiagiH arbiHbI3 KiM Gonaab!?
MAPAT Canemerciagep Me! MeHiH ecimim Mapar, Mapar
KyaHbiwynsi.
AnMACc Kailpan GonacweiH, Mapat?
MAPAT CemeligeH 6onamsbi3, LbiFbicTaH.
ANMAC OpTa Xy3neH ekeHciH fol. ApruiH GonacbiH 6a, ange
HaWMaHCbIH 6a?
MAPAT Tob6biKTbl 6onaMbid. ©3iH we? O3iH Kar pyaaH 6onackiH?
ANMAC Bis kiwi xy3nex6is, agan 6onames,
ALMAS Let's get acquainted. I'm Almas. This is Stacy, our new
colleague.
STACY Hil What is your name?
MARAT Hello. My name is Marat, Marat Kuanyshuly.
ALMAS Where are you [being] from, Marat?
MARAT We are from Semey City, from the East.
ALMAS So you are from the Middle Jiz. Are you Argyn or Nayman?
MARAT We are Tobykty. And yourself? Which tribe are you from?
ALMAS We are from the Little Jiiz, we are [being] Aday.
Vocabulary
pY tribe xKy3 Joz
®
ecim name eKeH ron it turns out
WbIFbIC east o3iy yourself
opra middle Kiwi little, junior
30 Unit 2: Cia xaipan 6onacui3?
Reflexive pronouns
e3im myself o3imi3 ourselves

o3iH yourself e3nepiH yourselves
e3iHi3 yourself e3aepiHi3 yourselves
e3i himself/herself/itself e3aaepi themselves
€, Cuitural point
When two Kazakhs meet for the first time, it is normal for them to ask
each other from which tribe they come. One of the reasons why Kazakhs
do so is that they tend to make a profile of the other on the basis of the
other’s tribal background. This profile will consist of mere cultural assump-
tions, so it may or may not correspond to the other’s actual character.
But Kazakhs, even the ones that were born and raised in large cities,
attach great value to their own and other Kazakhs' tribal affiliation.
Kazakhs affiliate themselves with one of three confederations of tribes,
the so-called Juz (which literally translates as ‘hundred’). Traditionally each
of these JUz lived in their own territory: the Great Jiiz (¥nbi wy3) lived in
southern Kazakhstan, the Middle Jiz (Opra xy3) in central and eastern
Kazakhstan, and the Little J{iz (Kiwi xy3) in western Kazakhstan. Although
this geographical division is still largely accurate, it no longer holds for
the large cities of Kazakhstan (where, due to both internal and external
migration, people of different tribes, ethnicities and nationalities coexist).
Each Jiz contains a number of tribes, each of which is divided
down to the smallest lineage. Kazakhs are expected to know their
lineage. They should especially know their ancestors back to the
seventh forefather (eti ara) on the paternal side, as they are not
allowed to marry anyone within this lineage.
Below are three sayings that will give you a sense of the assumptions
that are still made about the members of each of the Jiz:
¥nbl Ky3re TanK 6ep ge manfa Kowm.

Give a stick to Great Juz and let him shepherd.
OpTta xy3re kanam Gep ae payra KOM.

Give a pen to Middle Jiz and let him argue.
Kiwi xy3re Hain3a Gep ae xayra KOM.

Give a spear to Little Jiz and let him fight against the enemy.
Finally, note that if you are not Kazakh, you are free to inquire about
the tribal affiliation of the Kazakhs that you meet. Usually they will be
happy to tell you.
(B S le e U
Byn ciapiH odwuciia This is your office (CD 1; 19) O
Aigul, the secretary, is showing Stacy, the new engineer, around her
new office.
AIGUL Craiicu, 6yn 6enme ciagiki. MyHaa opbiHabIKTap, 6ip

ycren, cepenep, KOMNboTep, 2 TenedoH XaHe NpUHTEP
6ap. MbiHa TenedoH KyHAENiKTi KonAaHbIC YLUiH, an aHa
TenedoH dake yuwiH.
ctoncn Kewipme mawuHeci 6ap ma?
AWCYN bap. EkiHwi kabatTa.
CcTancKu Anay He?
ARrYn On - ATbipay aliMafblHbIH KapTackl, an aHay — AKrayaiki.
Kbi3bin HyKTenep — MyHan yHrbiManapbi.
cTancu Tamawa!
AVIYN Erep kaxet 6onca, MeHge kanam, kafas, cus, TYpPRi-TycCTi
Mapkepnep CUAKTbl ocucke KaxetTi 3arTap 6ap.
cTonck Paxmer, Airyn.
AIGUL Stacy, this office is yours. There are chairs, a table,

shelves, a computer, two phones and a printer. This
phone is for everyday use and that phone is for fax.
STACY Is there a photocopier?
AIGUL Yes, on the second floor.
STACY What is that?
AIGUL That is a map of the Atyrau region and that one is Aktau’s.
The red dots are oil wells.
sTacy Great!
AIGUL I have office stationery items, such as pens, papet, ink,
colour markers, if you need them.
STACY Thank you, Aigul.
32 Unit 2: Ci3 kanaan 6onacbia?
6enme room, office ‘ Kapra map

MyHAaa here ; Kbi3bin red
OPbIHALIK chair | HyKTe point, dot
ycren table MyHan oil
cepe shelf YHFbIMa well
KyHgenikTi everyday, daily ' Kanam pen
KONAaHbIC use Karaa paper
Kewipme photocopier cuR ink
MawmnHeci TYpRi-TYCTI colourful
6ap there is | CHAKTB as
ekiHwi kabar second floor | KawerTi necessary
anmak region 3atTap items, things
More office items
raservt
W(\
!(‘s%
Y O
KapaHgaw Asntep KinT

TapTna yAnbl TenedoH
s\\ s,
wam crennep USB xagw!
Language point q
5 How to put nouns in the plural
In Dialogue 3, several words appear in the plural: opbIHAbIK-Tap ‘chairs’,

HYKTe-nep ‘points’, mapkep-nep ‘markers’ and 3ar-tap ‘items’. To put
anoun in the plural, you need to add one of six plural endings: nap/nep,
Anap/aep and Tap/Tep. As usual, choose among the different endings on
the basis of the principles of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.
If the noun ends on a vowel or on one of the consonants p, i, ory,
add the plural ending nap or nep. Narrow your choice by looking at the
vowel quality of the last syllable of the noun. If this last syllable contains
a back vowel, choose the ending that contains a back vowel as well:
nap. If it contains a front vowel, choose the ending that contains a
front vowel as well: nep. For example: 6ana-nap ‘children’, kece-nep
‘cups’.
If the noun ends on one of the consonants m, n, H, H, X or 3, add
the plural ending map or aep. Here, too, narrow your choice by looking
at the vowel quality of the last syllable of the noun. If this last syllable
contains a back vowel, choose the ending that contains a back vowel
as well: gpap. If it contains a front vowel, choose the ending that
34 Unit 2: Ci3 kainaan 6onacbi3?
contains a front vowel as well: gep. For example: aH-pap ‘animals’,

ycren-gep ‘tables’.
If the noun ends on an unvoiced consonant or on one of the
voiced consonants 6, B, r or a4, add the plural ending Tap or Tep.
Once again, narrow your choice on the basis of vowel harmony. If
the last syllable of the noun contains a back vowel, choose the end-
ing Tap. If it contains a front vowel, choose the ending Tep. For
example: xar-tap ‘letters’, kew-tep ‘evenings’.
Note that when you quantify a noun, the noun always remains
singular. For example: 2 ycten ‘2 table’, 4 napak ‘4 page’, 3-4 agam
‘3-4 people’, 500 TeHre ‘500 tenge’, 1000 komnsiotep ‘1000
computer’. We will show how to spell out numbers in Kazakh later in
this unit.
Exercise 4 (audio online)
%
Put each noun below in the plural.
kenik___ (‘vehicles’) caycak___ (fingers’)

TeHia___ (‘seas’) pontep___ (‘notebooks’)
araw___ (‘trees’) aykeH___ (‘shops’)
KinT___ (‘keys’) kabbipra___ (‘walls’)
MawwuHe____ (‘cars’) kitan___ (‘books’)
ryn___ (‘flowers’) napak___ (‘pages’)
coMmke___ (‘bags’) Mypaxan___ (‘museums’)
kbl3___ (‘girls’) fumapat___ (‘buildings’)
yn___ (‘boys’) wkan___ (‘cabinets’)
agam___ (‘men’) Taptna___ {‘drawers’)
aven___ (‘women’)
Q Language point
6 How to identify the possessor
As we have seen in Dialogue 3, there are possessive endings that

you can add to a noun or personal pronoun to identify it as the pos-
sessor of something. In Kazakh there are three such endings: Hiki,
aiki, Tiki. Choose among these endings on the basis of consonant
assimilation.
if the noun ends on a vowel, add the ending Hiki. For example:
Anma-Hiki ‘Alma’s’. If the noun or personal pronoun ends on one of the
consonants X, 3, B, N, M, H, H, p or y, add the ending giki. For example:
6i3-aiki ‘ours’, onap-aixi ‘theirs’. If the noun ends on an unvoiced
consonant, add the ending Tiki. For example: Cepik-Tiki ‘Serik’s’'.
Note that when you add the ending Hiki to one of the personal
pronouns MeH, ceH or on, they are blended: meHiki ‘mine’, ceHiki ‘yours’,
OHiKi ‘his/hers’. For example: Byn kanam meHiki ‘This pen is mine.’
Exercise 5 (cD 1; 20) @

| ook at the pictures of personal items and complete each of the sen-
tonces below by adding the right possessive ending. Then listen to the
jull sentences on the accompanying CD. b
TiC WeTkacbl CynNri Tapak OMUAH Kesinaipik ycrapa
@ggf\}
Example Tic wetkacbel Cayneniki.
1 ¥crapa Carar
2 OMmaH kim ____?
3 Keasingipik Cepik
4 Cynri 6i3 .
5 TapakceH __ me?
Language point @\
7 How to use demonstrative pronouns
The function of demonstrative pronouns in Kazakh is to indicate whether

the object to which they are referring or that they are replacing in the
sentence is nearby or far away, in space or time. Often demonstrative
pronouns also indicate whether the object to which they are referring
or that they are replacing is singular or plural.
36 Unit 2: Ci3 kanpad donacbi3?
You can use the demonstrative pronouns 6yn ‘this’ and on ‘that’
to introduce a person, an object or a question. For example: Byn —
faams ‘This is Gaziz’, Byn kim? ‘Who is this?’; literally: ‘This who?'
You can also use them as subjects in sentences in which the predicate
does not contain a verb (only the implicit copula ‘to be’). For example:
byn meH ‘It/this is me.” Furthermore, you can use them as adjectives.
For example: Byn kitan kbi3bIK ‘This book is interesting.’
You can use the demonstrative pronouns MbiHa ‘this’ and aHa
‘that’ to indicate that the noun to which they are referring (and which
they precede) in the sentence is nearby or far away in space. For
example: MbiHa Kewe ‘this street’, aHa mawunHe ‘that car'.
When you want to use these two demonstrative pronouns to replace
a noun in the sentence, add the letter y: MbiHay and aHay. For
example: MblHa KkoMnblOTEp MeHiki, an aHay — Apwmanagiki ‘This
computer is mine and that is Arman’s.’
Notice that the previous example contains a hyphen (‘-’). This is
a common way of indicating that the verb of this sentence is the
implicit copula ‘to be’, especially when the predicate of the sen-
tence is a noun. You will encounter more examples of this kind in
the book.
You can use the demonstrative pronouns miHe ‘here’ and aHe
‘there’ to specify the location of the object to which they are referring
in the sentence. For example: MeHiH KoMnbIOTEPIM MiHe, an ceHiy
KoMnbloTepiH aHe ‘My computer is here, your computer is there.’
You can use the demonstrative pronouns ochl ‘this’ and con ‘that’
to indicate that the noun to which they are referring in the sentence
is nearby or far away in time. For example: ocbl nikip ‘this opinion’,
con Xbinbi ‘that year'.
When the demonstrative pronouns 6yn, MbiHa/ana and ocbl/con
take plural endings, they cannot be used as adjectives that modify
nouns. Instead they begin to function as nouns themselves. For example:
Bynap kimpep? Who are these?

MbiHanap 6i3giki. These are ours.
AHanap kanpa? Where are those?
Ocbinap cananbl. These are good quality.
Conap Kbi3biK. Those are strange.
Finally, note that the other demonstrative pronouns, MbiHay/aHay and

MiHe/aHe, do not take plural endings even when the noun to which
they are referring or that they are replacing is in the plural.
Unit 2. Where are you from? 37
Exercise 6 (¢ 1; 21) @
tIsing the clues in brackets, fill in the demonstrative pronouns below.
Afterwards you can listen to the resulting phrases on the accompanying
:D. There will be enough time for you to repeat after the voice.
Use 6yn/mbiHa or aHa

Example (This) MblHa kennek Koimbar.
1 (Those) ynnep ecki.

2 (That) AUCK XaHa.
3 (This) KWHO XaKCbl.
4 (These) 3atTap canansi ma?
Use ocbl or con

Example (This) Ocbl nikip MaHbI3abl.
5 (This) apic Tmimai.

6 (This) TaKbIpblN G3eKTi.
7 (That) epKeHueT kanaa?
8 (Those) KYHAEP Kbl3blK.
Numbers (CD 1; 22) o

1 6ip 50 eny ’
2 exi 51 eny Gip
3 yw 60 annbic
4 TOpT 70 wernic
5 6ec 80 CeKceH
6 anTbl 90 TOKCaH
7 weTi 100 nHy3
8 ceri3 200 eKi Xy3
9 TOFbI3 210 €Ki XKy3 OH
10 OH 235 €Ki xy3 oTbI3 bec
11 OH 6ip 500 6ec xy3
12 OH eKi 575 6ec xy3 xeTnic 6ec
13 OH Yyl 1000 MbiH,
20 HuUbipMma 1934 6ip MbIH TOFbI3 XY2
21 ¥ubipma Gip OTbI3 TOPT
27 MUbIPMaA XeTi 2000 €Ki MbiH
30 OTbI3 1000000 MUNNUOH
31 oTbI3 Gip 1000000000 Munnuapa
40 KbIpbIK
38 Unit 2: Ci3 kanaan 6onacbi3?
Exercise 7
Drawing on the information provided above, spell out the numbers
below.
Example 15 oH bec
1
27 7 2012
33 8 3300
WN
61 9 4712
84 10 250000
98 11 836000
DO
1281

Listen to Aigul as she lists the expenses for furnishing Stacy’s office.
Write down the prices of the office items, first as a number and then as
b2 spelled-out word.
Example
Komnbtotep: 76000 TeHre = XETNiC anTbl MblH TEHre
MNpuHTEp: TeHre = TeHre

=
Ycren: TeHre = TeHre

WN
4 opbIHABIK; TeHre = TeHre

2 TenedoH: TeHre = TeHre
Kapra: TeHre = TeHre
OO
bapnbifbl: TeHre = TeHre

You are meeting someone for the first time. Enter the conversation. Make
O sure to use ablative endings. Feel free to use either personal endings or
» the verb ‘to be'. You take the part of the second speaker.
YERZHAN Cis KaHapnanaH 6onacol3 6a?

YOU [Say: I'm not from Canada, I’'m from the Netherlands.]
YERZHAN AmcTepaamHaHcbis 6a?
YOU [Say: yes, | am. Then ask: where are you from?]
YERZHAN MeH 6e? MeH BbatbicTaHMbIH, ATbipaynaH 6onambiH.
YOU [Say: a friend of mine is from Aktau.]
Unit Three
Ci3aiH oT6acbIHbI3 YNKeH 6e?
Is your family big?
¢ speak about family

» use the possessive
¢ indicate place, time and age
e tell the time
¢ use the names of weekdays and months
Ot6acbiHbI3 ynkeH 6e? Is your family big? (CD 1; 25)

Stacy is looking at the family picture that Aigul has on her desk.
cTancu byn cedid otbackiH 6a? OTbackiH ynkeH ekeH!

AArYn We, Oyn meHiH orbactiM. MbiHay nanam, MbiHay MeHiH,
mamaMm. bia ynage 6eceymia. Kaalip nanam meH
MamaMHbiH 6ip keniHi, 6ip kyiey 6anachkl xaHe eki
Hemepeci 6ap.
ctavcy [ManaH MeH mamaH Hewe xacTa?
Aaryn Onap xetnicke Tasn kangbl. An MbiHay MEHIH ankem
ARHYp.
CTanCK MblHa ailen ge ceHiH, ankeH 6e?
ARrYN Yok, on MeHiH xeHrem AmaH, aFramHblH aeni. Aram
yWineHreH, exi 6anacb 6ap.
40 Unit 3: Ci3nin oT6acbIHbI3 ynkeH 6e?
CT3nCK An MblHay XiriT Kim?

ANIYN On MeHiH xe3aem Ainbek, ankemMHiH xybanbl. Bnkem ae
TYPMbICTA. AN MbiHa KiLUKEHTaW Kbl3 MEHiH CiHJ1iM, OHbIH
atbl Mengaip, 15 xacra.
CTancu MbiHa XiriT iHiH 6e? On aa yinexreH 6e?
AUYN Wa, 6yn meHiH iHiM Asamar. On xubipmaga, ynneHberex.
oni xac.
CcTanCK byn cypetTe araH oK na?
AWrYN YKok, aram oK. Yiire koHakka ken, 6apnbifbiMeH
TaHbICTbipamblH. MeHiH oTbacbiM coHaan KoHaikan.
CT3oCH Paxmert, Anryn. KenemiH.
STACY Is this your family? You have such a big family!

AIGUL Yes, that is my family. This is my dad and this is my mum.
We are five at home. By now my parents have a
daughter-in-law, a son-in-law and two grandchildren.
STACY How old are your mom and dad?
AIGUL They are approaching 70. And that is my sister Aynur.
STACY Is this woman also your sister?
AIGUL No, that is my sister-in-law Aiman, my brother’s wife.
My brother is married and has two children.
STACY And who is this man? Is it your brother?
AIGUL This is my brother-in-law Aibek, my sister’s husband.
My sister is also married. And this little girl is my youngest
sister. Her name is Moldir. She is 15.
STACY Is this man your younger brother? Is he married, too?
AIGUL This is my younger brother. He is not married. He is
young. He is 20.
STACY Your older brother is not in this picture, is he?
AIGUL No, he is not. Come to my house. | will introduce you to
everybody. My family will welcome you. [literally: My family
is very hospitable!]
STACY Thank you, Aigul. | will come.
Unit 3: Is your family big? 41
orbachl family
ynkeH big
KeniH daughter- or sister-in-law
Kyihey 6ana son-in-law
Hewe xacta how old?
Taan Kany to approach
weHre sister-in-law (if older)
yinenres married (men only)
xeage brother-in-law (if older)
TYPMbICTa married (women only)
wlwkeHTan little
eni still
wac young
cyper photo, picture
KOHaKKa keny to visit as a guest
Gapnbifbi everybody
coHpan very
KOHaIpgKan hospitable
Names of relatives (audio online)

=%
eke father weHre wife of an older brother
aHa mother or uncle
ara grandfather keniH wife of a son or younger
exe grandmother brother
Hemepe grandchild we3pne husband of an older
Kbi3 daughter sister
yn son Kyihey 6ana husband of a
ara older brother or uncle younger sister
TaTe auntie eHe mother-in-law
enke/ana older sister ara father-in-law
cinni younger sister (used by acblpan anfad 6ana adopted
women) child
IHi younger brother (used by acblipan anfaH ata-aHa
men) adoptive parents
KapbliHAac younger sister oreil ake stepfather
(used by men) eren wewe stepmother
42 Unit 3: Ciaain oTbacbIHbI3 ynkeH 6e?
Language point
1 How to use the possessive
In Dialogue 1, Aigul says: Byn meniH ot6ackim ‘It is my family.’ In

Kazakh, as in English, this sentence contains a possessive form. In
Kazakh, however, a possessive form consists of two words: a possessor
(here: meHiH, ‘my’) and a possessed object (here: oT6acbIm, ‘family’).
To put together a possessive form, add to the possessor one of
the following genitive endings: HbIH/HIH, AbIK/AIK Or TbIH/TiH. Add
to the possessed object one of the possessive endings, of which
there are many. Choose among the different genitive and possessive
endings on the basis of the principles of consonant assimilation and
vowel harmony.
If the possessor ends on a vowel or on one of the consonants M,
H or H, add the genitive ending HbIH or HiH. Narrow your choice by
looking at the vowel quality of the last syllable of the possessor. If
this last syllable contains a back vowel, choose the ending HbiN. If it
contains a front vowel, choose the ending HiH. For example: meHiH
‘my’, oHbIH ‘his/her’.
If the possessor ends on one of the consonants x, 3, i, n or p, add
the genitive ending abIH or giW. Here, too, narrow your choice on the
basis of vowel harmony. If the last syllable of the possessor contains
a back vowel, choose the ending abiH. If it contains a front vowel,
choose the ending aiK. For example: onap-abIH ‘their’, 6i3-aiy ‘our’.
When the possessor ends on an unvoiced consonant or on one
of the voiced consonants 6, B, r or 4, add the genitive ending TbiH
or TiH. If the last syllable of the possessor contains a back vowel,
choose the ending TobIH. If it contains a front vowe!, add the ending
TiH. For example: Mapar-TbiH ‘Marat’s’, Cepik-TiH ‘Serik’s’.
Possessive endings
Regarding the possessive endings that need to be added to the pos-
sessed object, keep in mind that possessive endings vary according
to whether the possessor (to which the genitive ending is added) is
in the first, second or third person singular or piural.
If the possessor is ‘my’, the possessive endings that can be added to
the possessed object are the following: m and biM/im. If the possessed
object ends on a vowel, add the possessive ending m. For example:

me-HiH 6ana-m ‘my child’. If the possessed object ends on a con-
sonant, add the possessive ending biM or iM. Choose between the two
endings by looking at the vowel quality of the last syllable of the
possessed object. For example: Me-HiH XYMbIC-bIM ‘my job’, Me-HiH
oduc-im ‘my office’.
If the possessor is ‘your’, the possessive endings that can be
added to the possessed object are the following: H, bIH/iH, HbI3/Hi3
and bIHbI3/iHi3. If the possessed object ends on a vowel, add the
possessive ending H. For example: ceHiy Hemepe-H ‘your grandchild’.
If the possessed object ends on a consonant, add the possessive
ending bIH or iH. Here, too, choose between the two endings by
looking at the vowel quality of the last syllable of the possessed
object. For example: ceHiH yn-bIK ‘your son’, ceRiH yh-iH ‘your house’'.
Use the other four endings only when you are addressing someone
in a formal manner. If the possessed object ends on a vowel, add the
possessive ending Hbi3 or Hi3. Choose between the endings on the
hasis of vowel harmony. For example: ci3ain afa-Hbi3 ‘your brother’,
cianin axe-Hi3 ‘your grandmother’. If the possessed object ends on
n consonant, add the possessive ending bIHbI3 Or iHi3. Here, too,
choose on the basis of vowel harmony: ciagiy caraT-bIHbI3 ‘your
watch’, ciagiH kKoMnbloTep-iKi3 ‘your computer’.
If the possessor is ‘his’/‘her’/‘its’ or a person, animal or object in
the third person singular, the possessive endings that can be added
10 the possessed object are the following: cwbi/ci and bl/i. If the pos-
sessed object ends on a vowel, add the possessive ending cbl or ci.
Choose on the basis of vowel harmony. For example: oHbIHara-Cbl
‘his/her brother’, oHbIH comke-ci ‘his/her bag’. If the possessed object
onds on a consonant, add the possessive ending b1 or i. Here, too,
choose on the basis of vowel harmony. For example: AWUMaHHbIH
KbI3-bl ‘Aiman’s daughter’, oHbIH apinTec-i ‘his/her colleague’.
If the possessor is ‘our’, the possessive endings that can be added
1o the possessed object are the following: Mbi3/Mi3 and bIMbI3/iMi3.
If the possessed object ends on a vowel, add the possessive ending
Mbi3 or Mi3. Once again, choose on the basis of vowel harmony. For
oxample: 6i3ain Kkana-mbI3 ‘our city’, 6i3aiH mawmuHe-mi3 ‘our car’. If
the possessed object ends on a consonant, add either the possessive
onding bIMbI3 Or iMi3. For example: 6i3aiH TybIC-bIMbI3 ‘our relative’,
6i3ain yn-imia ‘our home’.
44 Unit 3: Ciaaiy oTbacbiHbI3 ynkeH 6e?
If the possessor is plural ‘your’, the possessive endings that can

be added to the possessed object come after the plural endings:
ceHaepAiH iHi-nep-inH ‘your younger brothers’, cengepaiy 6ananap-biH
‘your children’.
When the possessor is ‘their’ or a person, animal or object in the
third person plural, the possessive endings follow the plural endings.
For example: onapAabiK MawmHe-nep-i ‘their cars’, onapAabIH KiTan-
Tap-bl ‘their books’.
Note that there are three unvoiced consonants that become voiced
when they are followed by a possessive ending. The unvoiced con-
sonant k becomes the voiced consonant r. For example: kewnnek
‘dress’ becomes kenner-im ‘my dress’. The unvoiced consonant K
becomes the voiced consonant f. For example: the word 6ak ‘garden’
becomes 6arf-bIH 'your garden’. The unvoiced consonant n becomes
the voiced consonant 6. For example: the word xayan becomes
xayab-bi ‘his/her answer’.
Finally, note that possessive endings also appear in proper names.
In this case there will be no genitive endings. For example:
Anmartsl Kana-cbl City of Almaty

Pecnybnuka capan-bl Palace of the Republic
Pecny6nuka anaH-bl Square of the Republic
Pecnyb6nuka xyH-i Day of the Republic
Haypbi3 menpam-bli Holiday of Nowruz

Reread Dialogue 1 and answer the following questions about Aigul’s
family. Make sure to use genitive and possessive endings in your answers.
1 Afterwards you can listen to both the questions and answers on the
accompanying CD.
Example Aunrynain otbacel kaHaan? Anryngid otbackl ynkeH.
AlrynaiH aracbl yineHreH 6e?

-
Alirynaid aracbiHbiH Hewe 6anackl 6ap?

WN
Aliryngiy Hewe ankeci 6ap?

AWryngiH ankeci TypMmbicTa ma?
~NOoOOhEeE
Alryngin iHiciHiH aTtbl Kim?

ARrynaiH xeHreci kim?
AArynaiH xeaaeciHiy atbl Kim?
unit 3: Is your family big? 45
8 Anrynaid ciynici 6ap ma?

9 OHbiH aTbl KiM?
Exercise 2 ‘@
Using the genealogical tree, identify how the persons named in the
sentences below are related to each other.
Axmer + Kynaw
I
l I I
Capa (35) + Mapar (28) +
Epnan T (10) ['ynHap
Kapnbifaw (15), Epmexk (9),

CaHpyrauw (12) Cepik (5)
Example Axmet KynawTiH xy6aiibl.
Cepik Epmex
=
Epmek Cepik
WN
TopkaH Mapar
Torkar Kapnbiraw nen Canpyfaw
Capa TonkaH meH Mapar
OGO
Kynaw EpnaH MeH lNynHap
2 4
Hewe 6anaHbI3 6ap?
How many children do you have? (CD 1; 27) O
Stacy is speaking to the administrator of a private school regarding
her children’s enrolment.
OKIMLLI Hewe 6anaubia 6ap?

cTancu biagiH yw 6anambI3 6ap.
OKIMLLI BananapbiHbl3 Heweae?
46 Unit 3: CianiH oT6acbIHbI3 ynkeH Ge?
CTancu TyHfFbiWbIMBI3 [J3Bng 12-ge, Kbi3biMbI3 Jlopa 5-Te,

Kewxemia Mankn 3-te.
OKIMUI Ci3aiH xonbiHbI3 6onabl. bizne opta mekTen Te,
nanbiHablk mekTebi ge, 6anabakwa aa 6ap! Oesua
6-Wbi cbiHbINTa, Jlopa AanbiHabIK MekTebinae, an
Mawnkn 6anabakwapa.
CT3nCKH Tamawa! bapnolifel 6ip xepae. bisre eTe biHFannbi.
Cabak kawaH 6acrtanagbl?
SKIMLUI Kasakcranga oky xbinbl GipiHWi KblpkyHekTe
6actanagbl. Cabakrap TaHepTeH carfaTt 8-ae
6actanagbl. bananapabiH KykatTapbl 6ap ma?
cTancu Wa, miHe BananapablH Kyaniri eHe nacnopTbiMHbIH
KeLlipmeci.
SKIMLLI Hy6GanbiHbIaablH NAcnopThiHbIH KeWIpMeci ae Kepek.
cTancu Kewipmeci xoK, 6ipakK nacnoptbl MiHe.
ADMINISTRATOR How many children do you have?

STACY We have three children.
ADMINISTRATOR How old are your children?
STACY The oldest, David, is [in] 12, our daughter Laura is
fin] 5, our baby son Michael is [in] 3.
ADMINISTRATOR You are lucky. We have high school, preparatory
school and kindergarten! David will be in 6th grade,
Laura will be in prep school, and Michael will be in
kindergarten.
STACY Great! All in one place. It is very convenient. When
do classes start?
ADMINISTRATOR The academic year in Kazakhstan starts on 1st
September. Classes start at 8 a.m. Do you have the
children’s documents?
STACY Yes, here are the children’s birth certificates and
a copy of my passport.
ADMINISTRATOR We also need a copy of your spouse’s passport.
STACY | don't have a copy, but his passport is here.
unit 3: Is your family big? 47
Vocabulary
okimuwi administrator ChIHbIN grade
Helwe how many? bIHFAWNbLI convenient
TYHFbIW oldest child cabak class
KeHxe youngest child 6acrany to start
won Gony to be lucky OKy Xbifibl academic year
opta mekren high school Kyar document
AaRbINABIK preparatory Kyonik (birth) certificate
mexTebi school Kewipme copy
6anabakwa kindergarten
SN e enal
Kazakhs have distinct words for their first child and their youngest
@
child. The word for the first and oldest child of a family is TyHFbIW
‘the oldest’. The oldest child occupies a special position in a Kazakh
family: he or she has to be obeyed by the younger siblings. The word
for the youngest child of a family is kenxe ‘the youngest’. This child
I8 often said to be the most spoiled of all siblings. Sometimes the
youngest child has a proper name that derives from kexxe, such as
Kenjegul/Kenzhegul or Kenjebek/Kenzhebek. Also note that when the
age difference between two siblings is not great, Kazakhs will use
the idiomatic word terenec (literally: ‘same age') when the siblings
are seen to compete with each other.
Language points Q
2 How to indicate place, time and age
In Dialogue 2, Stacy gives her children’s age by saying: [laeua 12-ge,

Nopa 5-te, Mankn 3-te. This sentence literally translates as ‘David
Is in 12, Laura is in 5, Michael is in 3’, because the endings that
Stacy adds to the numbers are locative endings, i.e. endings that are
meant to indicate place or location. In Kazakh, however, locative
48 Unit 3: Ci3piH or6acbIiHbI3 ynkeH 6e?
endings are also used for two other purposes: to indicate age (as we
have just seen), and to indicate time. The previous dialogue also
provides an example of the latter purpose, when the school admin-
istrator says: Cabakrap raHepTeH carfar 8-ge 6acranagwbl ‘Classes
start at 8 a.m.’
In total, there are six locative endings: Ta/re, pa/pe and Haa/Hae.
The last two endings, HAa/HAae, appear only after the possessive
endings cbi/ci and bi/i. For example: On Anmartbl Kanacbl-Hpa
Typaab! ‘He lives in the city of Almaty.” Choose among the other four
locative endings, Ta/Te and ga/mge, on the basis of the principles of
vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.
If the place, time or age word ends on an unvoiced consonant or
one of the voiced consonants B, r or A, add the locative ending Ta
or Te. Narrow your choice by looking at the last syllable of the place,
time or age word. If it contains a back vowel, choose the ending Ta. If
it contains a front vowel, choose the ending Te. For example: xxymbic-ta
‘at work’, mexren-te ‘at school’.
If the place, time or age word ends on a vowel or on any consonant
other than the ones just mentioned, add the locative ending aa or
ne. Here, too, narrow your choice by looking at the last syllable. If it
contains a back vowel, choose the ending pa. If it contains a front
vowel, choose the ending ge. For example: ayna-ga ‘in the yard’,
Kewe-ae ‘in the street’, acnan-aa ‘in the sky'.
Note that when the personal pronoun in the third person singular,
on, takes a locative ending, it becomes oHga. For example: on-ga
euwkim ‘nobody is there’.
Weekdays
AnTaHbIH xeTi kyHi The 7 days of the week
1 AywnceHbi Monday
2 cenceH6i Tuesday
3 capceHbi Wednesday
4 ©enceHbGi Thursday
5 xyma Friday
6 ceHbGi Saturday
7 wekceHbi Sunday
Months (CD 1; 28)
Xbingbiy oH eki anbl The 12 months of the year
1 KaHrap January
2 akKnaH February
3 HaypbI3 March
4 cayip April
5 MambIp May
6 Maycbim June
7 winge July
8 TambI3 August
9 KbIPKYHEK September
10 Ka3aH October
11 Kapawa November
12 WENTOKCaH December
3 How to tell time
I'he simplest way of telling time in Kazakh is to use one of the nouns
carar ‘watch’ or yakwiT ‘time’ followed by a number between 1 and
12 (for the hours) and a number between 1 and 60 (for the minutes).
I or example: carar oH ‘it is 10’, yakbiT oH 6ec ‘it is 3', caraTt oH eki
KbIpbIK 6ec ‘it is 12.45°, yakbIT anTbl OTbI3 TepT ‘it is 6.34".
A more common way of telling time is to put one of the adjectives
TaHepTeHri or TaHfFbl ‘Morning’, kewki ‘evening’ or TyHri ‘night’ before
the number designating the time. This is how Kazakh speakers usually
distinguish between a.m. and p.m. For example: carat TaHepTeHri TofbI3
‘it is 9 a.m.’, caraT kewki oH ‘it is 10 p.m.’, yakbIT TyHri oH 6ip ‘it is
11 p.m.”. Sometimes, however, Kazakh speakers drop the adjectives,
loaving it up to you to infer from the context what time of day it is.
Note also that you can use the phrases Tan Tyc ‘noon’ and TyH
oprackl ‘midnight’ instead of 12 p.m. and 12 a.m. For example: Tan
Tyc ‘it is noon’, yakbIT TyH opTtachl ‘it is midnight’.
Finally, note that you can use the word wapbiM ‘half’ to indicate
the ‘half hour’ mark when you put it after the number designating the
time. For example: caraTt antbl xapbIMm ‘it is half past six’.
50 Unit 3: Ciapiy or6acbiHbI3 ynkeH 6e?
Exercise 3
Put the given time and location in the locative case.
Example beiceHbige, carat 6ecte, kacene

(on Thursday, at five p.m. at the café)
Weekday Time Location Appointments
bericenHbi 17.00 MewnmanxaHa (restaurant)

Oyncen6i 8.00 Konnegx (college)
HekceHbi 10.00 bBacceiH (swimming pool)
Xyma 12.00 Meuwit (mosque)
CapceHbi 20.30 KuHoTeaTp (cinema)
Cencenbi 16.00 Cnopraan (gym)
CeHbi 21.00 Tynri kny6 (nightclub)
What time is it?
Carar Hewe? Carat KaHWwa YaKbIT KaHWa YakbIT

oonab? oonabl? KaHwWwa?
Carar Carar Carar Carar anTbl

TOFbI3 6ip oH Gec Yyl XapbiM KbIpblK 6ec
itis 9 itis 1.15 it is 15.30 it is 18.45
Exercise 4
For each numerical reference below, tell the time.
Example 8.00 Tanfbl ceria
1 9.15 4 7.00
2 22.30 5 11.00
3 23.25 6 14.40

Ask the questions that have led to each of the answers below. Afterwards
you can listen to both the questions and answers on the accompanying
6D, ‘ N
Example Carat kaHwa 6onabi?

Carar oH bongpl.
1 YakpIT eki »apbiM 6ongbl.

2 Carar bOec.
3 YakbIT Tan Tyc.
Language point q
4 How to use the words Gap ‘there is’ and
wokK ‘not’
1he words 6ap and xok are very convenient because you can use
them for many purposes: to indicate that you have or do not have
nomething in your possession, or to indicate that something is present
o absent somewhere.
To indicate that you have something in your possession, add a
yonitive ending to the possessor, add a possessive ending to the
possessed object and then insert the word 6ap. For example: MeHin
KomnbloTepim 6ap ‘| have a computer.’
To indicate that you do not have something in your possession,
ndd a genitive ending to the possessor, add a possessive ending to
tho possessed object and then insert the negative word xok. For
nxample: CeHiH mawwuHeH xoK ‘You don’t have a car.’
To indicate that something is present somewhere, add a locative
mnding to the location and foliow it by the word 6ap. For example:
Yunge 6ec 6enme 6ap ‘There are five rooms in the house’, bisgin
or6acbimbiaga 6ec anam 6ap ‘There are five people in our family.’
Notice in the last example that a location can be broadly conceived
In Kazakh.
To indicate that something is absent somewhere, add a locative
ending to the location and follow it by the negative word oK. For
axample: Oducte npuHTep xokK ‘There is not a printer in the office.’
52 Unit 3. CianiH oT6acbiHbI3 ynkeH 6e?
Exercise 6
Infer from the phrases on the left the Kazakh translation of the English
words on the right.
1 cararrta 60 seconds: cekyHy minutes:

MUHyT Bap
1 muHyTTa 60 hour: day:

cekyHa 6ap
1 antaga 7 kyH 6ap week: month:
1 xbinga 12 ait 6ap year: there is/are:
1 anpa 30 kyH Gap
Exercise 7
Using what you have learnt in this unit, write a few lines in which you
introduce your own family. Who are they?
Exercise 8 (CD 1; 30)

Enter the conversation. Speak about your family to a new acquaintance.
Q) Make sure to use possessive endings. You take the part of the second
speaker.
ACQUAINTANCE OT6acblHbla ynkeH 6e?

YOU [Say: my family is not big. Say: | have a wife/husband,
and 2 children.]
ACQUAINTANCE bananapbiHbia Hellene?
YOU [Say: my oldest son is 15 years old and my youngest
daughter is 8 years old.]
ACQUAINTANCE bananapbiHbi3 YNKeH eKeH.
YOU [Ask: is your family big? Then ask: do you have
children?]
ACQUAINTANCE MeHiH oTbacbim ynkeH. Eki ynbiM, eki KbiabiM Bap.
Unit Four
UTanunsapaHmbiH, Gipak Kasip
AnmaTtbiga TypaMbliH
| am from Italy, but | now live in Aimaty
In this unit you will learn how to: .. .. .

* speak about your job
o use the present/future tense
¢ describe daily activities
¢ ask yes/no questions
¢ speak about city transport
e speak about leisure activities
¢ use the simple conditional
Dialogue 1
\l/
Kasak Tini kypcrapbl 6ap ma? Do you have courses

In Kazakh? (CD t; 31)
Stacy is registering for Kazakh classes at a language centre.
cTancu Ciapepae kasak Tini kypcrapbl 6ap ma?

XATWabI Ma, 6ap. Ciare kapkbiHAbI KypcTap kepek ne, anae
KeLKi kypcTap kepek ne?
cTanCcKn Kelki kypcTap antacblHa Helle peT XaHe Hewe
caratTtan?
XATUWI AnTacblHa yw per, eki caraTTaH.
cTancu MaraH keLKi KypcTap biHfFainel Gonagebl.
XATWI Ci3 xymbIC icTencis 6e, ange okucola 6a?
Unit 4: Utanuapanmbin, Gipak xa3ip AnMaTtbiga TypambiH
CT3ACK HyMbIC iCTelMiH.

XATIWb! MamaHabifbiHbla He? Kanaa xyMbic icTeicia?
CT3aNnCH WHxeHep GONbIn XyYMbIC iCTEAMIH.
XATLbI Backa Tinaepae ceineiicia 6e?
CT3aunCH A3fan opbiclia CennenMi.
XATW Xakcbl, MblHay ciafliH Tipkeny Kara3blHbi3. Kaccara
15000 TeHre Tenelicia. Kitantapab! kiTanxaHanaH
anacbi3. Cabak epTeH KelKi caraT anTbl Xapbimaa
6actananbl.
STACY Do you have Kazakh courses?

RECEPTIONIST Yes, we do. Do you need intensive courses or
evening courses?
STACY How many times a week are the evening courses and
how many hours [do they last]?
RECEPTIONIST Three times a week, two hours.
STACY The evening courses are convenient for me.
RECEPTIONIST I need some information about you. Do you work or
study?
STACY ! work.
RECEPTIONIST What is your profession? Where do you work?
STACY I work as an engineer.
RECEPTIONIST Do you speak other languages?
STACY | speak a little bit of Russian.
RECEPTIONIST Well, this is your registration paper. You will pay
15,000 tenge to the cashier. You will take the books
from the library. The class will start tomorrow at
6.30 p.m.
oy Vocabulary
| KapKbiHAbI intensive b6acka other
| Kewxi evening (adjective) | cewney to speak
KYMbIC icTey to work Tipkeny kara3sbl registration paper
| oky to study Toney to pay
MaMaHAabIK profession i xitanxana library
Unit 4: | am from Italy, but | now live in Aimaty 55
Cultural point @
When meeting people in Kazakhstan for the first time, it is appropriate
to ask: Ci3 xkanna xymsic icteicia? ‘Where do you work?’' When you
are asked this question, it is better to give a full answer, specifying
both the place and title of your work. For example:
WeTten cpupmacbiHaa 3aHrep 6onbin XyMbiC iICTeUMIH.

I work as a lawyer at a foreign firm.
MeH aypyxaHana aepirep 6onbin XyMbIC icTelMiH.

| work as a doctor at a hospital.
Enuwinixte ayaapmaiubl 60nbIN XYMbIC icTeAMIH.

| work as a translator at an embassy.
Language point @\
1 How to use the present/future tense
In Dialogue 1, the speakers speak about regular activities using the tense
called the simple present tense. The present and future tense look
Identical in Kazakh. You can recognize which tense it is by looking
at what the general context tells you or, when possible, by looking at
which adverb of time is being used.
The present/future tense in Kazakh has the same functions as do
the simple present and simple future tenses in English. Use the Kazakh
present tense to refer to events or actions that occur regularly in your
or someone else’s life. For example: MeH nHxeHep 60nbin XyMbic
levermin ‘| work as an engineer’, MeH xwi xon xypemin ‘I travel
often.’ Use the Kazakh future tense to refer to any kind of future event
or action, whether it occurs regularly or not. For example: EpTeH Kap
wayaabl ‘It will snow tomorrow.’
To conjugate verbs in the present/future tense, do the following.
First, identify the stem of the verb by eliminating the marker of the
Infinitive, y, so that, for example, the infinitive 6apy ‘to go’ becomes
6ap and the infinitive keny ‘to come’ becomes xen. Next, add to the
stem of the verb one of the endings a, e, u, # or A as well as one of
56 Unit 4: UTanuagaHMblH, Gipak ka3ip AnmaTtbiaa TypaMbiH
the personal endings MbiH/MiH, MbI3/Mi3, CbIH(Aap)/ciH(aep), cbi3/ci3

or aby/ai.
Choose among the different endings on the basis of the principle
of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.
If the stem of the verb ends on a vowel, add the ending # and
follow it with one of the personal endings. For exampie: Men aoM6bipa
OWHa-h-MblH ‘| play the dombra.’
If the stem of the verb ends on a consonant, add the ending a or e.
Narrow your choice by looking at the vowel quality of the last syllable
of the verb. If the last syllable contains a back vowel, add the end-
ing a. If it contains a front vowel, add the ending e. For example: Cis
epTe Typ-a-chbi3 ‘You get up early’, Onap xwui ken-e-ai ‘They visit
[us] often.’
If the verb stem ends on a K or on a double consonant such as
HA or ¢T, add the ending n. For example: Ci3 xen oK-u-cbi3 ‘You
read a lot’, MeH »aKkcbl ecT-u-miH ‘| hear well.’
If the verb stem ends on the diphthong 1o, add the ending a. For
example: MynerTi YyeTenre Ko-A-mbiH ‘| put the remote control on the
table.’
Kazakh speakers often drop the grammatical subjects of their
sentences. They can do so because the personal endings added
to the verbs, nouns and adjectives of a sentence reveal who or
what the grammatical subject is. For example, instead of saying
MeH mekTente cabak GepemiH, it is possible to say MyraniMmin,
mekTtenTe cabak GepemiH. Notice that in Dialogue 1, neither the
receptionist nor Stacy articulates the grammatical subjects of her
sentences.
Finally, note that verbs in the present/future tense can be pro-
nounced in different ways. In formal Kazakh (on TV, radio and in
writing), speakers tend to pronounce verbs in their entirety. But in
informal, everyday Kazakh, speakers tend to shorten their pronuncia-
tion, reducing the first person endings MbiH/MiH to M (so that, for
example, 6apamMbiH becomes 6apam) and the third person endings
Abl/ai to 1 (so that, for example, anTnangbl becomes antnaunr). You
will hear how Kazakh speakers shorten their pronunciation of present/
future verbs in Exercise 3.
unit 4: | am from ltaly, but | now live in Aimaty 57
Exercise 1
Complete the sentences below by conjugating the verbs provided in &
brackets in the present/future tense.
Example MeH yHuBepcuTeTTE OKUMBIH. (OKy, ‘to study’)
bia »ymbicka carat 8-ge . (6apy, ‘to go’)

=
CeH Kanga ? (KyMbIC icTey, ‘to work’)

WN
CeHgep AcTaHarfa kawaH ? (kewy, ‘to move’)

Ci3 kan TingeH ? (cabak 6epy, ‘to teach’)
O~
Croaricn Anmatblaa . (rypy, ‘to live’)

Onap XyMbiICcTaH cafaT 6-aa . (keny, ‘to come’)
~NO
bi3 arbiwbIHWA . (cenney, ‘to speak’)

Cauwa Tin opTanbifbiHAa Ka3lakLla . (yipeHy, ‘to learn’)
0O
On epTe _ . (rypy, ‘to get up)

©
Adverbs of time and frequency
apeTTe usually
apKawaHd, binFu always
elwKawaH never
KyHAe, KYHAENiKTi, KyH CanbIH every day

XbINAa, Xbin cavbiH every year
’asaa, a3 cavbiH every summer
anblHa, an calblH every month
KyHAe TaHepTeH every morning
KYHAE Kellke every evening
anTtacblHa eki pet twice a week
TycTe the time from 12 to 3 p.m.

TYCTEH KeuiH afternoon
KYHAi3 daytime
epre early
Kew, Xxaun late
cupek seldom
Kui often
aHpa-caHpa, kenge sometimes
kebiHge most of the time
58 Unit 4: WtanuagaHMblH, 6ipak ka3ip AnMatbiga TYpaMbIH
Exercise 2
Make sentences by putting the words below in the correct order. Do
not forget to add the correct endings. If you are unsure about word
order in Kazakh, look it up in the grammar summary at the back of the
book.
Example anTacbiHa yw peT — XyMbic — Anma — 6apy

AnMa anTacbiHa Yl peT xymbicka 6apanbl.
AWHYp — Tenegugap — cupek — Kepy

6apy — 6i3 — ken — xa3a canblH
XYTipy — KyHO€e TaHepTeH — MeH — napk
KEeLWKi actbl — onap — ageTTe — cafar — XeTi — iwy
p Language point
2 How to use reflexive verbs
You can easily recognize a reflexive verb in Kazakh because it first

adds one of the endings biH, iH or H to its stem, before adding any
tense and personal endings.
Choose among the reflexive endings on the basis of the principles
of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation. If the verb stem ends
on a vowel, add the ending H, for example: Tapa-H-y. If the verb
ends on a consonant, add the ending biH or iH. Choose between
these two endings by looking at the vowel quality of the last syllable
of the verb stem. If the last syllable contains a back vowel, choose
the ending that begins with a back vowel, biH, for example: Kbip-bIH-y.
If the last syllable contains a front vowel, choose the ending that
begins with a front vowel, iH, for example: cypT-iH-y.
In fact, there are not many reflexive verbs in Kazakh. Below is a
list of the most commonly used verbs:
tapaHy to brush one’s hair KbipbIHy to shave

onnany to think over KMiHy to get dressed
cakraHy to be cautious KkepiHy to be seen
TasanaHy to clean oneself wewiny to undress oneself
XyblIHy to wash oneself cypTiny to dry oneself

Listen to how Nurlan describes his daily activities. Underline the reflexive
verbs and note where Nurlan shortens the pronunciation of his verbs.
The first reflexive verb is underlined.
MeH epTe xaTamblH XeHe epTe TypaMbiH. OAeTTe caFat anTbiaa Typbin,
GipiHwi Tecerimai xuHaimbiH. CogaH KelliH XybiHaTbiH 6enmere 6apbin,
HyblHAMBIH, TiCiMAi Ta3anaiMblH, KbipbiHambIH. CopaH Kerik Oyluka TYCEMIH.
CypriHemiH, TapaHambiH. CoaaH keitiH ac 6enmecite 6apbin, TaHepTeHri
acbiMabl AalibIHAARMBIH, WBN kaiHaTamblH. MeH kocbe iunenmiH, Gipak
bICTBIK XKOHE KOIO WWSWFA CYT KOChIN iWeMiH. YakbiTeim Bonca, xaHa
rasetTepai Kapan weifambiH. CoaaH keriH 6enMeme kenin, KMiHEMIH.
Ka3ip KOMNbOTEPIM XYMbIC iCTeMelai, CoHAbIKTaH GYriH 3NeKTPOHABIK
nowTamabl TekcepmenMiH. MalumHeM jxypMmeigi, coHAbIKTaH yWaeH
epTe LWhbifamblH. MeH XyMbiCKa eluKawaH KeLiKnenmiH.
\/ocobulory %B
epTe early
wary to go to bed
TYPY to get up
TOCeK XuHay to make the bed
XyblHaTbIH 6enme bathroom
tic Traszanay to brush one’s teeth
KbiPbIHY to shave
Aywka Tycy to take a shower
cypriny to dry oneself
Tapany to brush one’s hair
wen KanHaty to prepare tea
KOO Wa strong tea
CYT Kocy to add milk
Kapan Wwbify to look through
K1iHy to dress
TeKcepy to check
xewikney not to be late
60 Unit 4: WrannanaHumbid, Gipak kasip AnmaTbiga TypaMmbIH
Language point
3 How to put the present/future tense
in the negative
To put a verb in the present/future tense in the negative, add to the stem
of the verb one of the negative endings ma/me, 6a/6e or na/ne, follow
it by the ending %, and add a personal ending. Choose among the
endings on the basis of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.
If the stem of the verb ends on a vowel or on one of the consonants
W, n or p, add the ending ma or me. Narrow your choice by looking
at the last syllable of the verb stem. If this last syllable contains a
back vowel, choose the ending ma. If it contains a front vowel, choose
the ending me, for example: MeH Teneauaap Kapa-ma-u-MbiH ‘| don't
watch TV, On arbinwbiHwa cenne-me-i-ai ‘He/she does not speak
English.’
If the stem of the verb ends on an unvoiced consonant, add the
ending na or ne. Here, too, narrow your choice by looking at the last
syllable of the verb stem. If it contains a back vowel, add the ending na,
if it contains a front vowel, add the ending ne. For example: Ci3 acbik-na-
1-cbi3 ‘You don't hurry’, On wkinNbIM wek-ne-i-ai ‘He does not smoke.’
If the stem of the verb ends on the consonants m, H, K, or 3, add
the ending 6a or 6e. Narrow your choice by looking at the last syllable
of the stem. If it contains a back vowel, choose the ending 6a. If it
contains a front vowel, choose the ending 6e. For example: CeH xar
%a3-6a-n-cbiH ‘You don’t write a letter’, On mawwuHe xypri3-6e-n-ai
‘He does not drive.’
Note that double negatives are common in Kazakh. Even when you
use a negative pronoun such as ewkim ‘no one’ or ewHapce ‘nothing’
or a negative adverb such as ewkawaH ‘never’ or ewkanaa ‘nowhere’,
you still have to put the verb of the sentence in the negative.
Below are some of the most common expressions that use a
double negative:
MeH ewkiMre anTnalMbIH. I will not tell nobody.

CeH ewlKalwaH WaplamMancbiH. You don’t get tired never.
Ci3 ewkanaa acbiKNancoi3. You don’t hurry nowhere.
Cizpgep ewnopce yupeHbenciagep. You don’t learn nothing.
Euwkim xyMbIC icTemenai. Nobody does not work.
Exercise 4 @
Put the sentences below in the negative form, replacing the words that
are underlined with the negative pronouns and adverbs that we have
just discussed. The first sentence is completed for you.
Example Anmac apkalad Teneguaap kepegi.

AnmMac ewkawaH Teneguaap KepMmenai.
1 AikaH ken anamaapmeH apanacagbi.

2 X anap xwmi 6ip xakka 6apagbl.
3 KuHora ken apam kenegi.
4 MeH apKawaH yn TasananmbiH.
5 MeH ken 6inemiH.
el W 4P
AocrapbiHmeH xabapnacbin TypacbiH 6a?
Are you in touch with your friends? (CD 1; 33) O
Aigul and Stacy are talking about communication tools.
AArYn ATta-aHad Hbio MopkTe Typa ma?

cTancu Manam med mamam Hblo Mopk wrateiHaa Typaab!.
AAryn OnapmeH xabapnacbin TypacbiH 6a?
cTancu WMo, kasip bannaHbiCTbiH Typi ken Koh. Tened)oH cofaMbiH,
kerne Ckain apkbinbl cennecemiH.
anryn [ocrapblHMeH Kanawn xabGapnacbin TypacbiH?
CT3NCU AmMepukaparsl goctapbiMMer ®aNcOyk apKbinbi
xabapnacbin TypaMbiH. ANTNAKLWbI,
cia danicbykrecia 6e?
AVIYI WNa, daitcbykTemiH. «MeHiH ©nemim» gereH cantra aa
napakwam 6ap.
ctoncu On caint Typans! binemiH. Kasakcranga ken agamaap con
CalTTbl KONAaHaAbl EKEH.
AArYn Ma, ®ancbykTiH opbiClla HycKachl FON.
crtancn TyciHikTi. CaraH TenedoH cofbin TypyFa 6ona ma?
AVIMYN WNe, apuHe. Yiiain TenecoHbl 262 42 38, yanol
TenedoHbIMHLIH Hemipi 701 178 53 21.
62 u nit 4: UtanuapanuMbin, Gipak ka3ip AnmaTbiaa TYpaMbiH
AIGUL Do your parents live in New York?

STACY My mom and dad live in the state of New York.
AIGUL Are you in touch with them?
STACY Yes, now there are so many types of communication. | call,
sometimes | speak over Skype.
AIGUL How do you keep in touch with your friends?
STACY | keep in touch with my friends in America through
Facebook. By the way, are you on Facebook?
AIGUL Yes, | am on Facebook. | also have a page on the site My
World.
STACY I know about that site. In Kazakhstan many people use that site.
AIGUL Yes, it is a Russian version of Facebook.
STACY I see. May I call you?
AIGUL Yes, of course. [My] home telephone is 262 42 38 and
the number of [my] cell phone is 701 178 53 21.
j aTa-aHa parents
wrar state
xabapnacokin Typy to keep in touch

6ainaubic Typi communication tool
Tened)oH cory to call
napagwa page
KOnpaaHy to use
| HycKa version
yanb! TenecdoH cell phone
1 HOMIp number
p Language point
4 How to name a language
In Unit 1, we saw the names of different nationalities. For example:
MeH opbl cnbiH ‘| am Russian’, MeH arbinwbiHMBbIH ‘| am British.' In
Dialogue 2, we saw a reference to the Russian language. To name a
Unit 4: | am from Italy, but | now live in Almaty 63
language in Kazakh, add to the name of the corresponding national-

ity the word Tini. For example: Opbic Tini ‘language of the Russians’,
ArbinwbIH Tini ‘language of the British/English’.
When you want to say that you ‘speak’ a language, add to the
name of the corresponding nationality either the ending wa or we.
If the name contains a back vowel, choose the ending that contains
a back vowel as well: wa. For example: MeH Kasak-wa ceMnenmin
‘| speak Kazakh’, luaHa kbiTan-wa cennenpi ‘Diane speaks Chinese.’
If the name contains a front vowel, choose the ending that contains
a front vowel as well: we. For example: Pycnan Hemic-we ‘Ruslan
speaks German’, Ci3 e36ek-we coennecis 6e? ‘Do you speak Uzbek?’
ldioms to remember
The verb Typy can have three different meanings: ‘to get up’, ‘to live’ and
‘to stand’. For example:
CeH caraTt Hewepe TypacbiH? What time do you get up?

Bbi3 focTtbik keweciHae Typambia. We live on Dostyk street.
MawuHem aynafna Typaabl. My car stands in the yard.
The verb Typy can function as an auxiliary in compound verbs that refer to
a regular or repeated activity. In Dialogue 2, for example, one of the speak-
ers says that she is in touch with her friends, using a compound verb in
which Typy is the auxiliary: ®ancbyk apkbinbl xabapnacbin TypambiH.
‘I'm in touch through Facebook.’
Exercise 5
Drawing on Stacy’s business card (on the right), fill in her contact infor-
mation for the language centre (on the left).
ATbI-XK6Hi:
HyMbIC OpHbI:
Stacy Brooke
MamaHgbifb: Engineer, TN company
MekeH-xaibl: Dostyk, 56 (82)236 7867

456007 Almaty 7017357898
TenedoH HeMiIpi:
Skype: stacy.brooke
Ckain aTaybi: email: sbrooke@tn.com
SfleKTDOHflbIK nowTachbl:
64 Unit 4: UtanuagaHMbiH, Gipak ka3ip AnMmatsiaa TypamMbiH
p Language point
5 How to ask yes/no questions with
question particles
There are six question particles with which you can ask yes/no questions.
These question particles always appear at the end of the sentence,
separately from the preceding word. For example: XXyMbic icTeici3
6e? ‘Do you work?’
When the verb is in the simple present/future tense, you can use
only four of these question particles: ma/me or 6a/6e. As usual, choose
among these endings on the basis of vowel harmony and consonant
assimilation.
If the yes/no question is in the first or second person and the verb
therefore ends on one of the consonants H, K or 3, add the question
particle 6a or 6e. If the personal ending contains a back vowel, choose
the ending 6a. If the personal ending contains a front vowel, choose the
ending 6e. For example: CeH nnaHuHoaa onHalckiH 6a? ‘Do you play
the piano?’, Cis xumuanaH cabak 6epecis 6e? ‘Do you teach chemistry?’
If the yes/no question is in the third person, add the question
particle ma or me. However, in questions the personal endings of the
third person, abl and gi, are dropped, leaving the present/future tense
endings a, e, u, 1 or A at the end of the verb.
If the verb ends on the back vowel a, add the question particle ma.
If the verb ends on the front vowel e, add the particle me. For example:
XaHbbip xaya ma? ‘Will it rain?’, Mapart xene me? ‘Will Marat come?’
If the verb ends on the semivowel i, choose on the basis of the vowel
that precedes the semivowel. For example: On manta-a Ma? ‘Does
he swim?’, Onap ¢dpaHuy3wa cenne-n me? ‘Do they speak French?’

Translate the questions below into Kazakh. Then listen to the accom-
( ) panying CD to check your answers.
1A Example
Is Stacy in touch with her friends through My World?
Crancn gocrapbiMeH MeHiH OneMim apkbinibl xabapnacbin
Typa ma?
1 Is My World in English or in Russian?

2 Does Nurlan contact his friends by cell phone?
3 Do you check your email in the morning?
4 Are you in touch with your parents?
sle
XyMmbicka kanan kenin Xypcin? How do you get
to work? (CD 1; 35)
Stacy and Aigul are talking about public transport.
AMrYR HyMbicKka MaLLUMHEMEH Kenin XypciH 6e?

cTancK KoK, MalUMHEeMEeH eMec, KoFaMAbIK KenikneH Kenin XypMiH.
4-wi Tpampaitra HeMece 20-Wbl MapLIpyTKaFa OTbipaMbiH.
AVCYN TaHepTeH Kenik ken, kentenic xamaH. Xymbicka
yakbIThiHAA ynrepin xypciH 6e?
CTamcKn TpamBaitnap MeH MaplupyTKanap Xakcbl Xypeai oHe MeH
YMAOeH epTe WhiFaMbiH. An acbiKCaMm TakCure oTbipaMbiH.
Kenne xasny Kenemix.
AVIYN Yasly aneic emec ne?
CTaNCKH Yok, xany xapTbl caraTTa XeTeMiH. An ceH we?
AVIYN MeH e aBTOBYyCKa OTblipaMbiH. AHAa-caHAa BenocuneaneH
KenemiH. ©3iH GineciH folh, AnmaTbiga agamaap
Benocuneari ken konaaH6anabl.
AIGUL Do you come to work by car?

STACY No, not by car, by public transport. | take tram 4 or
minibus 20.
AIGUL There are so many cars, traffic jams are bad. Do you
manage to get to work on time?
STACY Trams and minibuses go well and | leave home early. And
if I'm in a hurry, | take a taxi. Sometimes | walk.
AIGUL Isn’t it far to walk?
STACY No, it takes half an hour. What about you?
AIGUL | take a bus. Sometimes | come by bike. As you know, in
Almaty people don'’t use a bicycle very much.
66 Unit 4: UTannaganmbid, Gipak Kasip AnmaTtbiga TypambiH
RV
| KoramabIK kenik public transport
{ kenTenic traffic jam

ynrepy to manage to do something on time
ynaeH wbirFy to leave the house
acobiFy to be in a hurry
xany on foot
ety to reach
/@ Language point
6 How to use instrumental endings
In Dialogue 3, the speakers introduce their means of transport in the

following ways: mawmnHeMmeH ‘by car’, KoramabIK KenikneH ‘by public
transport’, BenocuneaneH ‘by bike’. These words contain instrumental
endings. In Kazakh there are three instrumental endings: meH, 6ex
and neH. As all three contain the front vowel e, which of these endings
you choose will be based on the principle of consonant assimilation
only.
If the noun to which you need to add an instrumental ending ends
on a vowel or one of the consonants i, n, M, H, K, y or p, add the
instrumental ending meH. For example: kanam-meH ‘by a pen’. If the
noun ends on 3 or x, add the instrumental ending 6eH. For example:
Opas-6eH ‘with Oraz'. If the noun ends on an unvoiced consonant,
add the ending neH. For example: oubiHWbIK-NeH ‘with a toy'.
As you can see from the previous examples, the use of instrumen-
tal endings is wider than transport. Question words can also take an
instrumental ending. For example: He-meH? ‘with/by what?’, kKim-meH?
‘with whom?’. Personal pronouns, too, can take an instrumental ending.
Here it is worth noting that the personal pronouns meH, cex and on
require a vowel between themselves and the instrumental ending. For
example: MeH-i-MeH ‘with me’, ceH--MeH ‘with you’, oH-bi-MeH ‘with him’'.
In the exercise that follows, you will find out which instrumental
endings you should add to the most common modes of transport.
Unit 4: I am from Italy, but | now live in Almaty 67
Exercise 7 @
Connect the pictures and sentences below. Next to the number of each
picture, write the letter of the Kazakh sentence that identifies the means
of transport depicted.
\\\\
68 Unit 4: UTanuagaHmein, Gipak Kasip Anmatbiga TypambIH
Kim >xyMbicka HemeH 6apaabl?
a. Makcar MmeTpomeH Gapapabl. 1. baksIT MaplpyTkameH 6apabi.

8. MeH aBTobycneH 6apambiH. A. Poaa tponneitbycneH Gapaabl.
6. YKanap mawmHemeH Gapagpbl. x. XacaH BenocuneanneH 6apaap.
B. AckaT xany 6apagabl. 3. bainap TikywakneH 6apagpi.
Buses, trolleybuses and trams operate in most cities of Kazakhstan. Private

minibuses (commonly known under their Russian name, ‘marshrutkas’)
tend to take passengers to their destination faster than any form of
public transport, but they charge higher prices. Taxis are another
popular form of transport: some are operated by established companies,
others by private individuals. Some taxi drivers are willing to drive long
distances, but prices can vary widely and should be negotiated before-
hand. Visitors to Almaty can now also use the underground railway.
T R
DemanbicTbl Kanan eTkizeciH? How do you spend
the weekend? (CD 1; 36)
h Stacy and her new colleague are talking about what they do in their
leisure time.
CTSNCN ApmaH, AeManbiCTbl kanan eTKi3eCiH?

APMAH Opkanaii. Keiige KMHO KepeMiH, keige AWCKoTekara
6apambiH. 3ayKbiM COKCa KOMMbIOTEP OMbIHAAPLIH
OonHanMbiH. KebiHae cnopTneH WwyfblnaaHaMbIH.
cTomcn Kanpan cnopTtned anHanbicacblH?
APMAH )Kaapa TeHHUC OMHaiMbIH. KbicTa aemansic canbiH Meneyae
KOHbKW TebeMiH. An ceH we? Boc yakbiTbIHAA He iCTEeNCIH?
cTancn MeH 6e? Men Doc yakbiTeiMabl 6ananapmeH eTkizemiH. bi3
oT6acbiMbI3beH knaccukanblK My3bika KOHUEepTTepiHe XMi
6apambia. bananapmer 6acker6on oiHaiMbI3. MeH
CNOPTKA OHLLA XOKNbIH, My3blKafFa JaKCbiMbiH. MeH
CKpUNkaga oWHaiMblH. Ken XaTTbifaMblH.
APMAH Kangai xakcel! MeH My3blkanblk acnantapga mynaem

oiHamanMbiH, Gipak apkawlaH knaccuKkanblK My3bika
TbiHAANMbIH. AWTNaKwWbI, ocbl AeMansicta Pecnybnuka
capanbiHOoa Mapart BeiticeHranneBTiH KoHUuepTi 6onagebi.
BapackiH 6a?
cTancun LakbipraHbiHa paxmert. bipak 6ia ocbkl AeManbicTa XaH6bip
xaymaca 6ia Kencaitra 6apambi3, aTka MiHemis, 6anbik
aynanmb3.
STACY Arman, how do you spend the weekend?

ARMAN Variously. Sometimes | watch movies, sometimes | go to
discotheques. If I'm in the mood, | play computer games.
Mostly | do sports.
8TACY What kinds of sports do you do?
ARMAN In the summer | play tennis. In the winter, | skate in Medeo
every weekend. What about you? What do you do in your
spare time?
STACY Me? | spend my spare time with my children. We often go
to classical music concerts with our family. We play
basketball with the children. I'm not very good at sport,
I’'m good at music. | play violin, | practise a lot.
ARMAN How wonderful! | don’t play musical instruments at all, but
| always listen to classical music. By the way, this week-
end there will be a concert by Marat Beisengaliyev in the
Palace of the Republic. Will you go?
B8TACY Thank you for inviting [me]. But this weekend, if it does
not rain, we will go to Kolsai, we will ride horses and fish.
Vel
e le 1Y
Aemansic weekend KOHbkK TeBy to skate
®
oTKi3y to spend WaTTbIFY to train, practise
epxana#, aprypni variously acnan instrument
xeb6inge mostly anTnaKwol by the way
cnoptneH to do sport capai palace
myrbmnauyl aTka Miny to ride a horse
alHanbicy
f 6anbik aynay to fish
70 Unit 4: UTannapnaHmbiH, 6ipak Kasip Anmartbiga TypaMbiH
ldioms to remember
Idiom 1
In Dialogue 4, Arman says that he plays computer games when he is

in the mood: 3aykbiM COKCa KOMNbIOTEpP OMbLIHAAPbIH OWHAWMBIH.
The idiomatic expressions 3aykbl cofy and KeHin cofy are common
ways in which Kazakh speakers say that they are in the mood for
something or that they have an appetite for something.
The negatives of these idioms are also common. They express negative
feelings, such as being in a bad mood, not having an appetite, not want-
ing to do anything: 3ayKbi coknay, keHini coknay. Note that the word 3aykbi
always takes one of the possessive endings M, H, Hbi3 Or Mbi3.
Idiom 2
To say that you are bad at (doing) something, you can simply use the
word oK ‘not’. In the Dialogue 4, for example, one of the speakers
admits that he is not good at music: My3bikara xoknbiH (literally: ‘| am
not at music'). To say that you are good at (doing) something, you can
use the adjective xakcbi ‘good’: oKyfa xakcbIMbIH ‘I'm good at studies.’
Notice that each time you have to add one of the dative endings fa/re
or Ka/ke to the object at which you are good or bad.
Idiom 3
In order to say that you do sport you can say: cnOpTneH wyfbingaHamsiH
or cnopTneH anHanbicambid. When you want to specify which sport
you do, you can say: 6okcneH wyfbinaaHambiH ‘| do boxing’, xy3aymeH
anHanbicambliH ‘| do swimming.’
idiom 4
The verb Teby literally means ‘to kick’, but when used in combination
with a sporting item or a mode of transport, it turns the latter into an
action. For example: waHfbl Teby ‘to ski’, kOHbkK Teby ‘to skate’,
Benocunen Teby ‘to bike'.
Unit 4: | am from Italy, but | now live in Almaty 71
Exercise 8 (D 1; 37) @
Ask Sasha questions about himself and his family. After you have written
them down, listen to how they are pronounced on the accompanying CD. n
Example You know that Sasha likes skiing. Ask him if he

LY
goes skiing often.
LaHfbl Tebyre xui GapacbiH 6a?
1 Ask Sasha if he is good at skating.

2 Ask Sasha if his wife does sport, too.
3 You are not sure if Sasha’s parents live in Kazakhstan.
Ask him if they live in Kazakhstan.
4 Ask him if he regularly visits his parents.
5 You know that Sasha’s daughter plays music. Ask him if
she plays the dombra.
6 Ask Sasha if his daughter is good or bad at sport.
7 You know that Sasha'’s wife works. Ask him if she also works
at a bank.
Language points q
7 How to use the interjection roii/kon
You have encountered the particles Fon/kon several times in this unit.
Choose between these two particles on the basis of consonant assim-
ilation. If the preceding word ends on an unvoiced consonant, choocse
the particle kon. In all other cases, choose the particle fon. it is possible
1o see these particles purely as function words, without any translat-
nble meaning. But it is also possible to view them as interjections,
whose meaning can be translated.
Nonetheless, it is clear that you can use the interjection ron/kon
for two purposes. You can use it to confirm, at the end of a question,
what you think you know. For example: Ci3 Ctaicucia roi? ‘You are
Stacy, right?’ Or you can use it to initiate someone into what is well
known. For example: ActaHaga KyH cyblK Kou ‘It is cold in Astana,
you know’, ®3ncOyKTiH opbiclia Hyckachkl Fon ‘That is the Russian
version of Facebook, you see.’
72 Unit 4: Wtannapanmbil, bipak kasip Anmartbiga TypambiH
8 How 1o use the simple conditional
In Dialogue 4, Stacy says that she will go to Kolsai under one condi-
tion: aHO6bIp xaymaca ‘if it does not rain’. In Kazakh, you make a
verb conditional by adding one of the conditional endings ca and ce
to the stem of the verb. Choose between these two endings by look-
ing at the vowel quality of the last syllable of the verb stem. If the
last syllable contains a back vowel, add the ending ca. If it contains
a front vowel, add the ending ce.
Only then do you add a personal ending. If the verb and conditional
ending contain a back vowel, add one of the personal endings Mm, H,
HbI3 if the verb is in the singular, or add one of the personal endings
K, Haap, Hbi3aap if the verb is in the plural. For example: ciaz anT-
ca-HbI3 ‘if you tell’, 6i3 xa3-ca-K ‘if we write’.
If the verb and conditional ending contain a front vowel, add one
of the personal endings M, H or Hi3 if the verb is in the singular, or
add one of the personal endings K, Haep or Hi3gep if the verb is in
the plural. For example: ci3 6in-ce-Hi3 ‘if you know’, 6i3 kep-ce-k ‘if
we see’.
The word erep ‘if’ can appear at the beginning of conditional
sentences, but it is not obligatory. It may be dropped, because the
conditional endings ca and ce are the key markers in Kazakh.
Also note that, just as in English, the main clause of a conditional
sentence is in the future tense: (Erep) yakbiTbiM Gonca, caraH
Tenecdon corambiH ‘If | have time, | will call you.’
& Exercise 9 (cD 1; 38)

Stacy and her friends are going to the Kolsai lakes (up in the Alatau
Q) mountains, near Almaty) at the weekend.

will get there and which activities they will
They are discussing how they
undertake. But there are some
conditions to be taken into consideration. Listen to the conversation and
match the conditions on the left with the activities on the right.
1. KyH bicTbIK Bonca . Onap Kuia ynge gemanagsl.

D
2. KeimbaT 6onmaca 4\’ . onap Tamak nicipeai.

OVO
3. 3aykbl cokca . Nyka cyra Tyceni.

4. Wapwaca . onap 6ankIk aynangsl.
D
5. KapbiHAapb! awca Crancu atka miHeqi.

Unit 4: I am from ltaly, but | now live in Aimaty 73
Cultural point @
The Kolsai lakes are one of the popular attractions of the Alatau
mountain range. In spring and summer, natives and visitors alike travel
into the mountains and up to the lakes to go camping, hiking and
horse riding.

You are registering at a local library. Enter the conversation. Make sure
to use the endings of the present tense. You take the part of the second
speaker.
LIBRARIAN ATbI-KeHiHi3 kiM?

You [Say: My name is . . . Give your full name.]
LIBRARIAN XyMbic icTelicia 6e, ange cTyaeHTcia 6e?
YOU [Say: | work.]
LIBRARIAN Kal »epgae XyMbiC icTeicia?
You [Say: | work as an accountant.]
LIBRARIAN Y#iHiagiH HeMece yANbl TenedoHbIHbI3AbIK HOMIPIH GepiHia.
You [Say: my mobile phone number is 377 409 56 12.]
Unit Five
CanapbiHbI3 COTTi 60NCbIH!
Have a nice trip!
p In this unit you will learn how to:
e buy a train ticket

¢ give instructions
e ask for and give directions
¢ indicate the purpose of an action
give the date with the help of ordinal numbers
AcTtaHara 6unet KaHwa Typagbli? How much is

O a ticket to Astana? (CD 1; 40)
Stacy is at the railway station in Almaty, buying a ticket to Astana.
cTancu Conemercia 6e! ActaHara 6uner 6ap ma?

BUMNET CATYWLI Kait kyHre? Xypaek novibiara Ma, ange xau
novbI3ra ma?
CTancun Xypoek nowbiara 6unert kaHwa Typagb!?
BUNET CATYWLI 2 kicinik kyne 15000-30000 TeHre Typaawl, an
nnaukapt 5000-8000 TeHre Typaabl.
cTancu Kangain keimbat! An xei noibla AnimaTbigaH
AcTtaHara geWniH Helle KyH Xxypeai?
BUNET CATYWLI EKi kyHaewn xypeai.
CTancKn ¥3aK xypeai ekeH! MeH 6ypciryHi ActaHana 6onybiM
KEepex.
unit 5: Have a nice trip! 75
BUNET CATYUWbI YXypaek novblagblK nnaukapToiHa Bunert anyfa

6onagbl. KeimbaTTay, 6ipak »bingam xerecia.
CT3nCKH OpuHe, Xypaek nonbtabeH Tesipek xeTeMiH, bipak
6aracbl TinTi kbiIMbaT ekeH!
BUNET CATYLLUbI (wblnamebiznana) Tesipek 6onbiHbI3WbI! KesekTe
Hacka xonaywbinap aa 6ap.
CTaMCKH KewipiHia, Xypaek nowblagbiH kyneciHe Gip Guner.
BVNET CATYWbI Yeke kyaniriHiagi 6epiHi3 xaHe 6unetTiH Garacobl
20000 TeHre.
CTanCKH KpeauT kaptaceiMeH Teneyre 6ona ma?
BUNET CATYLbI AmepukaHabIK 3KCNpecc KapTacbiMeH faHa, anTnece
aKlanawn Tenenia.
CT3mcHn MiHekun, caHan anbiHbl3.
BUNET CATYLbI MiHe BuneTiHi3, NONbI3 KeLUKi XeTi )apbiMaa LWbiFaapl,
€KiHWi BoK3andaH OTbipbiHbI3. XKonblHbl3 60NCLIH!
CTanCHU Paxmert. Cay 60nbiHpI3.
STACY Hello! Is there a ticket to Astana?

CASHIER For which day? For the express train or the regular
train?
STACY How much is a ticket for the express train?
CASHIER 2-person compartment seat costs 15,000-30,000
tenge and a coach seat costs 5,000-8,000 tenge.
STACY Wow, so expensive! And the regular train, how many
days does it take to go from Almaty to Astana?
CASHIER Almost two days.
STACY It is a long time! | have to be in Astana the day
after tomorrow.
CASHIER You can buy a ticket for an express coach seat. It
is a little bit expensive, but you will get there faster.
STACY Of course, | will get there faster by the express, but
it is too expensive.
CASHIER [impatiently] Can you hurry, please? There are also
other people waiting in the queue.
STACY I’'m sorry. One ticket for the express compartment,
please.
CASHIER Please give me your ID card and the price for the
ticket is 20,000 tenge.
STACY Can | pay by credit card?
76 Unit 5: CanapbiHbi3 caTTi 6oncbin!
CASHIER Only by American Express. Otherwise, pay in cash.

STACY Here, count them, please.
CASHIER Here is your ticket. The train leaves at 7:30 p.m.
You take the train from station ll. Have a nice trip.
STACY Thank you. Goodbye.
| Vocabulary
6uner ticket
XYpAEeK NoMbI3 express train
2 kicinik 2-person compartment seat (adjective)
KbiMGaT expensive
y3aK a long time

6ypciryHi the day after tomorrow
Kbingam fast
Gara price
WbiAaMCbI3AAHY to be impatient
Te3ipek 60nbIHbI3WbLI please hurry up
Ke3ek line, queue
xonayus) passenger
xeKe Kyonik ID card
auTnece otherwise
caHan anbiHbI3 please count
ll-Bok3angaH oTbIpy to take (the train) from station Il
(P R The speakers in Dialogue 1 refer to two types of train carriages: kyne,

a 4-person-compartment with soft seats, and nnauxapr, a multi-person
carriage with benches. These terms have been inherited from the Soviet
period. With regard to rail transport, Kazakhs continue using these
terms instead of ‘first class’ and ‘second class’.
When Stacy hears that she can’t buy a ticket by credit card, she
is not surprised. Many everyday transactions in Kazakhstan are still
Unit 5: Have a nice trip! 77
done in cash. Credit cards are increasingly accepted, but most

Kazakhs carry cash to provide for their everyday needs.
Language point @\
1 How to indicate ‘movement toward®
a location
In Dialogue 1, Stacy first asks: ActaHara 6uner 6ap ma? ‘Is there
a ticket to Astana?’ Later Stacy asks: Xypoek nowbisra 6uner
KaHwa Typaabl? ‘How much is a ticket for the express train?’ When
asked to choose, Stacy replies: X\ypaek nonbi3abliH KyneciHe 6ip
6unet 6epiniswi ‘One ticket for the express compartment, please.’
In each of these sentences, Stacy uses a so-called ‘dative’ ending
to indicate that she is moving or wants to move to a particular
location.
To indicate ‘movement toward’ a location, add to the word that is
referring to the location one of the following dative endings: ra/re,
Ka/ke, a/e or Ha/ne. As always, choose the ending on the basis of
the principles of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.
If the word ends on an unvoiced consonant, choose the ending
Ka or ke. For example: cabax-ka ‘to the class’, ecik-ke ‘to the door’.
If the word ends on a vowel or on one of the consonants %, n, M, H,
H, p or 3, choose the ending fa or re. For example: 6ana-<a ‘to a
child’, ken-re ‘to the lake’.
However, if the word ends on one of the possessive endings m or
H, choose the ending a or e. For example: anam-a ‘to my mum’ and
mawnHeH-e ‘to your car’. If the word ends on one of the possessive
endings bl, i, cbl Or ¢i, add the ending Ha or He. For example: yni-He
‘to his/her house’ and 6anacbi-Ha ‘to his/her child’.
Finally, note that the dative endings to be added to personal pro-
nouns in the singular are unusual too: mafaH ‘to me’, caraH ‘to you’,
ofaH ‘to him/her’.
Exercise 1 @
Read the below list of the most common location words in Kazakh.
78 Unit 5: CanapbiHbi3 caTTi 6oncbix!
Kana city KMHOTeaTp cinema

aybin village nowTa post office
6ac anaH main square aHapmawn 6ekeri petrol station
Kelwe street nonuuua police station
6ypbiw corner aBTobyc GekeTi bus station
Xormkaracbl pavement aangama bus stop
won road MewiT mosque
6aHk bank wipkey church
KOHaKymn hotel KiTanxaHa library
6asap market TeaTp theatre
menpamxaHa restaurant Mypaxan museum
ayexamn airport 6accenH swimming pool
aypayxaHa hospital AeHe WhbIHbLIKTLIPY 3anbl gym
emMxaHa clinic a3blIK-TYNiK OYKeHi grocery shop
AopixaHa pharmacy cynepmapkert supermarket
Exercise 2
To indicate movement toward the following locations, which dative end-
ing should you add?
6aHk___ (‘to the bank’)

asngama___ (‘to the bus stop’)
KuHoTeaTp___ (‘to the cinema’)
cynepmapkeT___ (‘to the supermarket’)
hapixaHa (‘to the pharmacy’)
nowTta___ (‘to the post office’)
wawTapa3___ (‘to the hairdresser’)
MewiT___ (‘to the mosque’)
wipkey___ (‘to the church’)
ayexan___ (‘to the airport’)
asblK-Tynik aykeHi___ (‘to the grocery shop’)
kewe___ (‘to the street’)
aybin___ (‘to the country’)
6aszap___ (‘to the market’)
MenpamxaHa (‘to the restaurant’)
6accenH___ (‘to the swimming pool’)
OeHe WbIHBLIKTLIPY 3ansl___ (‘to the gym’)
KitanxaHa___ (‘to the library’)
Teatp___ (‘to the theatre’)
mypaxan___ (‘to the museum’)
ele W @
Xon cinten xi6epeciz 6e? Could you give me
directions? (CD 1; 41) Q
Stacy is asking for directions to go to the Almaty Il railway station.
CTanCK KewuipiHia, xon cinten xi6epecia 6e? ExiHwi Anmarsi

GekeTiHe Kanai 6apyra 6onagw?
BEWUTAHbLIC Xasy ma ange kenikneH 6e?
CTanCH Anbic na? KenikneH 6apybim kepek ne?
BEWTAHbLIC Yok, anbic emec. Xany Gapyra Gonagbl.
Ocbl keweMeH Ty3y XypceHi3, AbbinaixaH
OaHfbinblHa Wbifacbl3. Abbinain AaHfbINbIHaH
confa OypbinbiHbI3 Aa, KeweHiH 6oibiIMeH TemeH
Kapa# Ty3y xype 6epiHia. bekeT Typa angblHbI3ga
6onappl.
cTancKH KaHnpa# kenikneH xetyre 6onaapi?
BEMTAHBIC AbbinanxaH gaHfbinbiHaH eTiHi3 ae bip-eki MeTp TeMeH
XYPiHi3, con xepae Tponnenbyc asngamacol 6ap.
AanpamagaH 5-wi Tponnenbycka OTbIPbIHbLI3, eH COHFbl
asngamanaH TYCiHi3. Anmatbl Temipxon 6ekeTi oH
XafblHbi3aa bonaapbl.
BTACY Excuse me, would you mind giving me directions? How

can | get to the Almaty Il station?
S8TRANGER On foot or by transport?
8TACY Is it far? Do | have to go by transport?
BTRANGER No, it is not far. You can walk there. Walk straight down
this street and you will arrive at Abylaikhan Avenue.
Turn left on Abylaikhan Avenue and keep walking
along the street. The station will be right in front
of you.
BTACY Which transport can | take there?
8TRANGER Cross Abylaikhan Avenue and turn left and walk
1-2 metres. There will be a trolleybus stop. Take
trolleybus 5 from that stop and get off at the last
stop. The Almaty Il railway station will be on your
right.
80 Unit 5. CanapbiHbi3 caTTi 6oncbin!
A NN { won cinTey to give directions ; Geker station

Kewe street Typa angbinbiaga right in front
TY3y straight ‘ of you

i AAHFLIN avenue ‘ asngama bus/tram stop
3| confa 6ypuiny to turn left ' COHFbI last
i TeMeH kapain down, along | Temipxon raitway
/@ Language point
2 How to give instructions
In Dialogue 2, directions to the Almaty Il railway station are given in

the imperative. To put a verb in the imperative in Kazakh, you drop
the letter y at the end of the infinitive. Thus, for example, the infinitive
6apy ‘to go’ becomes the imperative 6ap ‘go’.
When speaking to someone who commands respect, always use
the formal version of the imperative by adding one of four formal
endings: HbI3/Ki3 Or bIKbI3/iKi3. This is what the stranger does in the
dialogue above when he answers Stacy’s appeal for directions:
6ypLIN-bIKbLI3 ‘turn’, Xyp-iHi3 ‘go’, Tyc-iHi3 ‘get off’.
Choose the ending on the basis of the principles of vowel harmony
and consonant assimilation. First, look at the vowel quality of the last
syllable of the basic form of the imperative verb. If the basic impera-
tive has a back vowel in its last syllable, choose an ending that
contains a back vowel as well: HbI3 or bIHbI3. If the basic imperative
has a front vowel in its last syllable, choose an ending that contains
a front vowel as well: Hi3 or iHi3.
Then look at the last letter of the imperative. If it ends on a vowel,
choose the ending that begins with a consonant: HbI3 or Hi3. If it
ends on a consonant, choose the ending that begins with a vowel:
bIHbI3 Or iHi3. For example: cenne-Hi3 ‘speak’, TbiHAa-HbI3 ‘listen’,
an-biKbI3 ‘take’, 6ep-ini3 ‘give’.
To put an imperative verb in the negative, add one of the following
negative endings: ma/me, 6a/6e or na/ne. Choose among the different
negative endings on the basis of vowel harmony and consonant
Unit &6: Have a nice trip! 81
assimilation. For an explanation of how to choose the right negative

ending, see Unit 3. Consider the following examples:
6ap-ma don’t go
Kyn-me don’t laugh
anT-na don’t tell
KeT-ne don’t leave
KonpaH-6a don’t use
yhneH-6e don’t marry
To make a negative imperative verb more polite or formal, add another
ending: either HwI3 or Hi3. If it ends on the back vowel a, choose the
ending that contains a back vowel as well: Hbi3. If it ends on the front
vowel e, choose the ending that contains a front vowel: Hi3. Consider
the following examples:
6ap-Ma-Hbi3 don’t go
Kyn-me-Hi3 don't laugh
anT-na-Hbi3 don't tell
KeT-ne-Hi3 don’t leave
KongaaH-6a-Hbi3 don't use
ynneH-6e-Hi3 don't marry
Imperatives (CD 1; 42)

Abannanpli3! Be careful! D
-
Kemekrecingep! Help!
Te3 60nbiHbI3! Hurry up!
Keninia! Come in.
YanbiMaamaHbI3. Don’t worry.
OTLIPbLIHbIS. Please sit down.
KyTe TypbIHbI3. One moment, please.
¥MbITbIN KeTNeHi3. Don't forget.
TokKraHbI3. Wait a minute.
Xakcbl yMbiKTan, annbl TYpbiHbI3! Sleep well!
Anbin OTbIPbIHbI3. Have some more.
KesiHe kapa! Look out!

You are leaving a to-do list for the housekeeper. Write down your instruc- ©
tions, first in an informal and then in a formal
can listen to the instructions on the accompanying
manner.
CD.
Afterwards you
C)LY
82 Unit 5: CanapbiKbI3 caTTi 60NCbIH!
Example Clean the house. (yh xuHay)

YA xunHa.
Don't do the laundry. (kip Xxyy)

Don’t iron the laundry. (kip yTikTey)
WND
Wash the dishes. (biabIic xyy)

Go to the market. (aykeHre 6apy)
O,
Buy vegetables. (kekeHicTep caTbin any)

Wash the rice. (kypiw Tasanay)
~NO
Don't prepare dinner. (kewki ac nicipy)

Below are a series of questions that pose a problem. Each question is
followed by a solution. Using the clues provided, offer a better solution
b each problem. Then listen to the correct answers on the CD.
Example
Question: AcTtaHara kanan 6apamMbliH?
Answer 1: ¥wakneH 6apbiHbI3.
Answer 2: YKok, yuakneH 6apmaHbi3, Xypaek nonblabeH 6apbiHbIa.
1 Question: BuneTtTi kanan caTtbin anamblH?

Answer 1: KaccagaH caTtbin anbiHbI3.
Answer 2: (meni apKbinbl)
2 Question: Tewmip xon 6ekeTiHe Kanan 6apambiH?

Answer 1: Takcu WwakblpblHbI3.
Answer 2: (5-Tponnendyc)
3 Question: MNMoWbl3 kecTeciH KangaH GinemiH?

Answer 1: Temip xon 6ekeTiHe HGapbIHbI3.
Answer 2: (renecoH cory)
4 Question: BuneTke Kkanan TenenmiH?

Answer 1: KpeguT kapTameH Tenexis.
Answer 2: (axwanan Teney)

Below are a series of expressions that Kazakhs commonly use to ask for
directions. Listen to the short dialogues on the accompanying CD and match
» each of the gquestions on the left with one of the answers given on the right.
1. ba3apra »on cinten a. Exi aanpamanaH keiiH.

xibepecis 6e? \
2. Mypaxaw kain xeppe? 8. Keneci kMbinbicTaH oHfa
6YpbifbIHbI3.
3. XakblH xepae 6. Keneci kewepe.
6aHkomar b6ap ma?
4. CtaguoH anbic na? B. XeTiHwwi.
5. basaprfa kanan r. 11-tponnenbycka
xetyre 6onagbl? OTbIPbIHBI3.
6. Ombeban nykeHiHe n. CaTtnaes kewecinge.
kan asTobyc 6apaabl?
Exercise 6 (CD 1; 46) @

Ask the way to each of the locations below using the clues provided.
Ihen listen to the correct answer.
Example KitanxaHa — aBTobyc — 6apy — kan ( 8

KitanxaHafa kan aBTo6yc 6apagbl?
«AnaTay» KoHak yini — kanawn — 6apy

=
«PamcTop» aykeHi — kan xep

W
OpTanbik nowTa — Tponnendyc — xypy

BaHk — xasy — xeTy
B

I3elow are expressions that Kazakhs commonly use to give directions.
While reading them, also listen to how they are pronounced on the n
accompanying CD. There will be enough time to repeat after the voice. § §
Ty3y wype Gepinis. Go straight.

Conra 6ypbiNbIHbI3. Turn left.
OHfa 6ypbinbiHbI3. Turn right.
BypbiwTaH GypPbINbIHbI3. Turn around the corner.
KewepneH oTiHi3. Cross the street.
BipiHwi kabaTka TycCini3. Go to the ground floor.
Xorfapbl KkeTepiniHi3. Go up.
Napkri 6acbin eTiHi3. Go through the park.
35-wi aBTOOYCKA MIiHIHI3. Take bus 35.
Keneci anngamManan TYCiHi3. Get off at the next stop.
84 Unit 5. CanapbiHbi3 caTTi 60onchbiIH!
Exercise 8 (¢D 1: 48)

Look at the map and give directions by filing in the blanks below.
Afterwards you can listen to the resulting sentences on the accompany-
& ng CD.
1 OyexangaH KOHaKyire Kanaw xetemiH? SyexangaH ,

conra 02 KeleMeH Tyay . AyToTypaKkTbIH
XaHblHaa confa ha, Tysy . AngpiHpi3ga
Mypaxan 6onaapl. MypaxaiabiH XaHblHaH confa
Bac AnaHgb! . Konak yn angbiHbiana 6onagpb!.
2 KonakynaeH 6asapra kanav 6apyra 6onanbl? KoHakyiaeH

na 6ac anaHabl . Kewe 6oibimeH Ty3y
. AngbiHbiaaa napk 6onaapl. Mapkri xe
KeweneH . basap angpiHbIaga Gonagbl.
3 basapaaHn cynepmapketke kanain 6apyra 6onaabl? basapaaH

ha, kewegeH . NapkTi ,
cynepmapkeT OH arblHbidga 6onagbi.
Map
oo Mapx CynepmapkeT
<
.
>
GekeTi
AsToByc AyTtoTypak
Bekeri [ Mypaxaii | | Aypyxawa |
Bac anan Kana ekimwiniri
R
Oykeni
<.
. —s
[opixana
_vm~~___9
NoHpoura Here 6apacbi? Why are you

going to London? (CD 1; 49) O
Daniyar is sharing news with his friend.
DAHNSAP Keneci antana BputaH enuwinirine 6apaMbiH.

enus OHnaa He ywiH GapacbiH?
DAHVSIP Cyxb6aTtka 6apambiH.
envs KaHpawn cyx6ar? Enwinikke »yMbicka opHanacacbiH 6a?
[AHUAP YKok, Bu3a any yuwiH angbiMeH KOHCynMeH cyxbar
6onagpl.
anus Bu3a? bip xakka 6apacbiH 6a?
DAHUSP CeH 6inmMeiiciH 6e, meH JloHaoHFa 6apaMbIH FO.
enva Nonpoxra? OHpa He ywid 6apacbiH?
OAHUAP Oemanyra 6apamblH.
enns Tamawa! Erep snaa ancaH 6uner anyra MeHiH TypuUcTiK
areHTTirime ken.
DANIYAR Next week | am going to the British embassy.

ALIYA Why are you going there? [literally: What for will you go
there?]
DANIYAR For an interview.
ALIYA What kind of interview? Are you getting a job at the
embassy?
DANIYAR No, in order to get a visa | need [literally: there will be] an
interview with a consul.
ALIYA Visa? Are you going somewhere?
DANIYAR Don’t you know | am going to London?
ALIYA To London? Why are you going there?
DANIYAR I am going on holiday [literally: | will go to rest].
ALIYA Great! If you get a visa, come to my tourist agency to buy
a ticket.
86 Unit 5; CanapbiHbi3 caTTi 6onckixl
Y Vocobulary
| keneci anTa next week
‘.' enwinik embassy
| cyx6ar interview
| MyMmbicka opHanacy to be hired
{ Bu3a any to obtain a visa
' 6ip xaK somewhere
z Aemany to be on holiday, vacation
TYPMCTIK areHTTiK tourist agency
/@ Language point
3 How to indicate the purpose of an action
To indicate the purpose of your action you can use the word ywin
‘for’, ‘in order to' after a noun or a verb infinitive. For example:
NoHpoxra oKy ywiH 6apambiH ‘| will go to London for studies’, Akwa
Taby ywin »ymbIc icTteiMiH ‘| work in order to make money.’
In Dialogue 3, Daniyar explains the purpose of his visit to the
British embassy by saying cyx6arka ‘for an interview’. Later in the
dialogue he explains the purpose of his visit to London by saying
aAemany-fa 6apambit ‘| am going on holiday’; literally: ‘I will go to
rest.’
To indicate the purpose of your action, add to the infinitive of the
verb or to the associated noun one of the dative endings: fa/re, ka/«e,
a/e or Ha/He.
To add a dative ending to a noun, see Language point 1. To add
a dative ending to the infinitive of a verb, which always ends on the
letter y, always choose the ending fa or re. Narrow your choice by
looking at the vowel preceding the letter y. If this vowel is a back
vowel, add the ending fa. For example: lykeHre HaH-fa 6apambIH
‘I will go to the store for bread.’ If this vowel is a front vowel, add the
ending re. For example: MowTara xaTt xi6epy-re 6apambiH ‘| will go
to the post to send a letter.’
Unit &: Have a nice ftrip! 87
Exercise @
Answer the ‘why’ and ‘what for’ questions below, either by using the
word ywiH or by adding a dative ending.
©
KasakctaHnra Here 6apacbiH?
Ka3ak TiniH He yLlWiH yipeHeciH?
HYMBICTbI HE YUWiH ICTENCIH?
AKwaHbl He ywiH TabacbiH?
KiTanTbl Here okucbIH?
Language point Q
4 How to give the date with the help of
ordinal numbers
To give a date in Kazakh, first provide the ordinal number and then
the name of the month. For example: GipiHwi Kbipkyhek ‘1st
September’. For the full list of the names of months, see Unit 3. Note
that in Kazakh the names of months do not begin with a capital.
Ordinal numbers in Kazakh, as in English, derive from their regular
counterparts. In Kazakh there are multiple ways in which you can
derive an ordinal number from a regular number. The most common
way is to add to the regular number one of the endings Hwi/iHwi or
HWbI/bIHWbI.
Choose among the different endings on the basis of vowel harmony
and consonant assimilation. If the regular number ends on a vowel,
add either Hwb! or Hwi. Narrow your choice by looking at the vowel
quality of the last syllable of the regular number. If it contains a back
vowel, add the ending Hwsbi. If it contains a front vowel, add the
ending Huwi. For example: anTbi-HWwb! ‘sixth’, weTi-Hwi ‘seventh’.
If the regular number ends on a consonant, add either iHwi or
biHwbI. Narrow your choice by looking at the vowel quality of the last
syllable of the regular number. If it contains a back vowel, add the
ending biHwbl. If it contains a front vowel, add the ending iHwi. For
example: Tofbi3-bIHWbGI ‘ninth’, TepT-iHWi ‘fourth’.
The only exception is the number xubipma ‘twenty’. Ilts ordinal
derivation always takes the ending cbIHWbI: XUbipMa-CbIHWbI ‘twentieth’.
88 Unit 5: CanapbinbI3 caTtTi 6onckin!
A second way of deriving an ordinal number from a regular number

is by adding to the number a hyphen and the name of the month.
For example: 6-kanrap ‘January 6’.

Write down the dates of the following Kazakh holidays. Make sure to
m use ordinal numbers. Afterwards you can listen to how these dates are
'Y ) pronounced on the accompanying CD.
Example
22nd March (‘Nowruz’): XKubipma ekiHwi Haypbl3 — TypKi XXaHe
vpaH XanbIKTapblHbIH XaHA JKbiNbl.
8th March (‘Women’s Day’):

~NOOOEAE
9th May (‘Victory Day’):

WON
1st June (‘Children’s Day'):

6th July (‘Day of the Capital City’):
30th August (‘Day of the Constitution’):
1st September (‘School Day’):
16th December (‘Independence Day’):
31st December (‘New Year’s Eve’):
O
Exercise 11
Look at the picture on the right and write down whose apartment is on
which floor.
Example
MeHiH naTepim GipiHwi kabaTTa. &
CapaHbIH naTtepi . Cawa
ApMaHHbIH naTepi . YXaHap

WD
CauwaHbIH natepi . ApmaH
YKaHapablH naTtepi . Capa

A
MeH 1-Wwi kabar
Xeptene

I-nter the conversation, giving directions to a stranger. Make sure to use
the polite form of the imperative. You take the part of the second speaker. o
»
STRANGER KewwipiHia, »on cinten xibepecia 6e? CtaguoH anbic na?
YOU [Say: the stadium is not far.]
STRANGER CraguoHra byn xepaeH kanan xetyre 6onaabl?
YOU [Say: take bus 35.]
STRANGER Xasty b6apyra 6ona ma?
YOU [Say: Yes, you can. Go straight down this street, and turn
right onto Abay street.]
STRANGER Paxmer.
Unit Six
Ic-canap
Business trip
p In this unit you will leamn how to:

¢ book a hotel room
e express necessity and obligation
* arrange a meeting
¢ ask for and give permission
¢ indicate your physical position
* locate things with the help of prepositions
@ irilollele V=0
Maran 6ip kicinik 6enme kaxer | need
O a single room (CD 1; 52)
Aigul, the secretary of the office, is calling to Astana to make
a hotel reservation for Stacy.
KOHAK Y SKIMLICI Canemertcia 6e! CyHkap KoHaky#i.

Aryn MaraH 1 kicinik 6enme Kaxer eqi.
KOHAK YA SKIMLLICI Kanaai yakbIT apansbifbiHa?
AWIYN 6-wbl MambipgaH 8-wi MambipFa aeliH.
KOHAK Y SKIMLWICI KaHpnan 6enmMe kanaicbia? CtaHpaprThi
benmMe me ange 6usHec Genmeci me? bisne 1
Kicinik niokc 6enmenepi ae Gap.
ANNYN bip kicinik 6usHec GenmeciHiH 6aracsiHa
TaHepTeHri ac Kipe me?
Unit 6: Business trip 91
KOHAK Y SKIMLUICI WMo, benme BaracbiHa TaHepTeHri ac »aHe 12

nafbla KOCbIFaH KyH canbifbl Aa KipeAi.
AAMYN MaraH UHTEpPHET KaxeT eai, cianepae
WHTEepHeT 6ap ma?
KOHAK Y SKIMLIICH fanamtop ma? Fanamtop ywiH 6enek
Teneyinia kepek.
ARIYN Tamawa, 6ip kicinik 6usHec 6enmecin Ctalicn
BpyKTblH aTbiHa eHLwWineH;ja.
KOHAK Y1 9KIMLLICH KpeauTt kapTaHbl3abiH, HOMIPIH aHe
KapTagarbl agaMHbIH aTbl-XeHIH anTbin
XibepiHiaLwui.
AMryn Crain-cn bpyk, Visa kaptachl, Hemipi 234 345
763 02, eTy Mep3iMi 2015-wi xbinabiH 19-wbl
aKnaHbi.
KOHAK YW SKIMLLICI Paxmet. benme Ctalicn BbpyKTbiH aTtbiHa
eHwineHgi. Kipy 6-wel Mmambipaa, WheIFy
8-mambipaa.
AMIYN YKapangbl.
HOTEL ADMINISTRATOR Hello! Hotel Sunkar.

AIGUL I need a single room.
HOTEL ADMINISTRATOR For what period of time?
AIGUL From May 6 to May 8.
HOTEL ADMINISTRATOR What type of room would you prefer?
A standard room or a business room?
We have single [literally: 1-person] deluxe
rooms as well.
AIGUL Is breakfast included in the price of a single
business room?
HOTEL ADMINISTRATOR Yes. Breakfast and 12 per cent VAT are
included in the price of business rooms.
AIGUL And | need the Internet. Do you have the
Internet?
HOTEL ADMINISTRATOR Internet [synonymous word]? Yes, for the
Internet you have to pay separately.
AIGUL Great, you can reserve a single business
room under the name of Stacy Brooke.
HOTEL ADMINISTRATOR Please give the number of the credit card
and the name on it.
92 Unit 6: lc-canap
AIGUL Stacy Brooke. The number of the Visa card is

234 345 763 02. The expiry date is 19
February 2015.
HOTEL ADMINISTRATOR Thank you. The room is reserved for Stacy
Brooke. Check-in is on May 6 and check-out
is on May 8.
AIGUL All right.
ol
KOHaK yn hotel
yaKbIT apanbifbl period of time
Kxanay to prefer
KYH canbifbl Aa Kipeai VAT is included
fanamTop Internet
Genex separately
eHwiney to reserve
Kipy to check in
WbIFY to check out
Words to remember
KpeauT KapTta credit card eHwiney to book
KocbinFaH KyH canbirbl VAT Kipy to check in/check-in
uHTepHeTt/ranamTop Internet wwbiFy to check out/check-out
wniFy Mep3imi expiry date yakbIT apansirel period of time
Exercise 1
Make an online reservation for a room at Hotel Sunkar, following the
instructions on their website (reprinted below). You may look up unfam-
iliar words in the glossary at the back of the book.
Unit é: Business trip @3
CyHKap KOHaKyMiHiH BeOcauTbiHa KOWw KenAaiHia!
Welcome to our website!
Benme TypiH TaHAaHLI3: * Ctanpapt 6enmeci 8000 Tr.

* Xaptuinan moke 8800 Tr.
* Mokc 10300 Tr.
* Eki kicinik nrokc 14300 Tr.
®opMaHbl TONTbIPbIHbI3
Bbenme TypiI:
ATbI-X6HiHi3:
Anam caHbl:
Kipy kyHi:
WbIFy KyHi:
AnNeKTPOHALIK NOWTaHbI3:
TyimeHi 6acbiHbIa: EHwWwinewja
Language point q
1 How to express necessity and obligation
In Dialogue 1, you will find two words that always crop up in Kazakh
when a speaker wants to indicate that he or she ‘needs’ something
or ‘has to do’ something: kepek and kaxer. These two words are
synonymous and can be used interchangeably.
94 Unit 6. Ic-canap
When one of them is used in combination with a verb, it expresses

obligation. For example: UnTepHeTKe Genek Teney kepek ‘You have
to pay separately for the Internet.” When it is used in combination
with the object of the sentence because the sentence does not
contain a verb, it expresses simple necessity. For example: Marfan
MHTepHeT Kepek ‘| need the Internet.’
Most importantly, whenever you add kepek or kaxeT to a sentence,
you also have to add a dative ending to the subject of the sentence.
For example:
MaraH 6unet Kepek. I need a ticket.

CaraH MaLIMHe KaXerT. You need a car.
Ciare aKwa kepek. You [formal] need money.
OraH Kanam Kaxer. He needs a pen.
Bisre Actanara 6apy We have to go to Astana.

Kepekx.
CeHpepre cennecy You have to talk.
Kepex.
Cispepre kanTy Kepek. You [formal] have to go back.
Onapra oKy kepek. They have to study.
Alternatively, if the sentence contains a verb, you can also express

necessity and obligation by adding a possessive ending to this verb.
(For a full discussion of possessive endings, see Unit 3.)
Below you can see what happens to the meaning of the Kazakh
verb 6apy ‘to go’, for example, when you add possessive endings
to it:
MeHiH 6apybIM Kepek. | need to go. (Literally: ‘my going

is needed/necessary’.)
CeHiH 6apyblH kepek. You need to go. (Literally: ‘your
going is needed’.)
CiapiH 6apybiHbI3 Kepek. (Literally: ‘your going is needed’.)
OHbIH 6apybl Kepek. (Literally: ‘his/her going is needed’.)
Bi3aiH 6apybiMbI3 Kepek. (Literally: ‘our going is needed’.)
CeHpepaiH 6apynapbiy (Literally: ‘your going is needed’.)
Kepek. .
CiapepaiH 6apynapbitbI3 (Literally: ‘your going is needed’.)
Kepek.
OnapablH 6apybl Kepek. (Literally: ‘their going is needed’.)
Exercise 2 @
Tell a Kazakh friend or colleague what you will have to do before you
embark on a trip to Astana. You may look up unfamiliar words in the
glossary. Keep in mind that there are always at least two different ways
of expressing necessity and obligation.
Example ‘I have to book a hotel room.’

oHaK yineH 6enme eHllineyim kepek.
‘I have to buy a plane ticket.’

ON =
‘I have to call the office.’

‘l need a map of Astana.’
‘I need an English guidebook about Astana.’
b
‘I need the telephone number of our colleague in Astana.’

A
plellele VR
YakbiTbiHbI3 6ap ma? Do you have time? (€D 1; 53)
Stacy is arranging a meeting with her colleague in Astana.
cTancu Anno? Canemertcia 6e! Epik AabIHyNbIMEH

ceinecyre 6ona ma?
XATLLbI Epik AiabiHyNbI Ka3ip XuHanbicTa oTbip. bip
caraTtTaH KeniH Kainta tenedoH COfbiHbI3.
cTanCKH Paxwmer.
An hour later Stacy calls back.
CT3UCH Anno? Epik AigbHynbl e3iHae me?

XATUbI Ma, esiHae. KyTe TypbiHbi3, Ka3ip KOCaMbIH.
EPIK AMObIH¥NLI Wa, Epik AAbIHYNLI ThiHAan Typ.
CTanCH Conemertcia 6e! byn meH fonr, Ctacu.
EPIK AWabIH¥NEI Canem Craicu! ActaHara Kow kenain!
cTancu Epik AiabiHynbl, 6yriH ciabeH keanecyre 6ona ma?
YaKkbITbiHbI3 6ap mMa?
EPIK ANObIHYNLI OpuHe, OyriH carat 3-Te keageceik.
CTanCH Carart 3-1e? Xakcbl. Kaw xepae keanecemia?
96 Unit 6. lc-canap
EPIK AMObIH¥Nb MeH Kasip ochmcre oTbIpMbIH, OCHIHAA Keaaecyre Gonaae..

CTanCKn CianiH oduMCiHi3 kai xxepae?
EPIK AVObIH¥bI biagiH fumapar ©ye3os keweci meH XXaurenaj
KewenepiHiH KubinbicbiHAa Typ. bantepek
MYHapacblHbIH XaHbiHAA.
CTancu Paxmet. MeH ka3ip BoK3anga TypMblIH, cafaT 3-te
ciagiH opuciHiage 6onambiH.
STACY Hello, may | speak to Erik Aidynuly?

RECEPTIONIST Erik Aidynuly is [sitting] in a meeting. Can you call
back in an hour?
STACY OK, thank you.
STACY Hello, is Erik Aidynuly in?

RECEPTIONIST Yes, hold on please, | will connect you now.
ERIK AIDYNULY Yes, Erik Aidynuly is listening.
STACY Hello! It is me, Stacy.
ERIK AIDYNULY Hi Stacy. Welcome to Astana!
STACY Enk Aidynuly, can we meet today? Do you have time?
ERIK AIDYNULY Of course, let’s meet today at 3 o’clock.
STACY At 3? OK. Where will we meet?
ERIK AIDYNULY I'm sitting in my office, let's meet here.
STACY Where is your office?
ERIK AIDYNULY Our building is [standing] at the intersection of Auezov
and Zhangeldy streets. Next to the Bayterek tower.
STACY Thank you. Now I’'m [standing] at the station. | will
be at your office at 3 o’clock.
! XuHanbIC meeting
| KanTa again
| kyre Typy to wait for a while

Kocy to connect
| keapecy to meet
KMLINLIC intersection
MyHapa tower
Unit 6: Business trip Q7
Exercise 3
Read Stacy’s notes and copy the essential information to her personal
organizer.
©
6-Wwbl MambIp, 2011-xbIN
Canuma, Car 6-pa
Kawan?
:;g)eéclii?;es:;mi ac
3-Te, Bye3os KeLleci, Kanpa?
KiMmen?
Epik AAnbiHYNbI, ke3aecy
Here?
Kawan?
Kainga?
KimmeH?
Here?
Language point Q
2 How to ask for and give permission
In Dialogue 2, Stacy asks the secretary: Epik AWAbIHYJIbIMEH

cemnnecyre 6ona ma? ‘Can/may ! speak to Erik Aidynuly?’ To make
a request of this kind, add to the infinitive of the verb one of two dative
endings, fa or re, and have it followed by the verb 6ony ‘to be’.
Choose between the two dative endings on the basis of vowel
harmony. If the verb contains a back vowel, add the dative ending
that contains a back vowel: fa. For example: Wbify-fra 6ona Ma?
‘Can/may | leave?’ If the verb contains a front vowel, add the dative
o8 Unit 6: lc-canap
ending that contains a front vowel: re. For example: Kipy-re 6ona
ma? ‘Can/may | come in?’
In Kazakh, as in English, you can reply to requests of this
kind with a brief answer: na, 6onaabl ‘yes, you can/may’, oK,
6onmanael ‘no, you can/may not'. You can also give a fuller answer.
For example:
? TenedoHabI KonaaHyra Can/may | use the phone?

6ona ma?
+ We, xonpaHyra Gonagbl. Yes, you can/may use it.
- Yok, kongaHyfa 6onmanabt. No, you can/may not use it.
Negative phrases such as the one above can also have a public-
service function: in public areas in Kazakhstan, they are regularly used
to inform visitors of the prohibitions in place. For example;
¥crayra 6onmanabl Don't touch (literally: ‘not allowed to

touch’) ‘
Kipyre 6onmangb! Don’t come in (literally: ‘not allowed to
come in’)
Otyre 6onmanabl Don’t cross (literally: ‘not allowed to
cross’)

Using the expressions you have just learned, how would you ask
for permission in each of the following situations? Afterwards you
W § can listen to how the questions are pronounced on the accompanying
CD.
Example
You would like to use the telephone in someone’s house.
TenedoHakl KonaaHyra 6ona ma?
1 You would like to look at your friend’s photos.

2 You are late for a meeting and would like to come in.
3 You are in a shop and would like to try on a shirt.
4 You would like to open the window.
Unit 6. Business trip 99

Look at the signs below and formulate the corresponding prohibition.
Clues are provided in brackets. Afterwards you can listen to the full
sentences on the accompanying CD. A
Example
¥anol TenedoH konaaxyra Gonmanabi.
(yanbl TenecoH KonpaHy)
P00 @
(wbINbIM wWery)
(ramag iwy)
(6ypbiny)
.I_:é
4 \03}. (arawTapgbl Kecy)
Language point @\
3 How to indicate your physical position
To indicate their physical position in the world, Kazakhs always rely

on the same four verbs: Typy ‘to stand’, oTeipy ‘to sit’, xkaTy ‘to lie’,
xypy ‘to walk’. This is what the speakers do in Dialogue 2: Epik
AnabiHyNbl Ka3ip XxuHanbicta oTtblp ‘Erik Aidynuly is sitting in a
meeting’, MeH Temipxon OeketiHae TypMbiH ‘I'm standing at the
train station.’
Because these verbs appear in all sentences that indicate some-
one’s physical position, they often take on a figurative meaning. For
instance, when you want to indicate that you are at an airport, you
can say: 9yexanaa oTbIpMbIH ‘I’'m sitting at the airport.” Or you can
say: Oyewamaa TypMbiH ‘I'm standing at the airport.” Or even:
dyexanaa xypmin ‘I'm walking at the airport.’
100 Unit 6: lc-canap
These statements need not be understood literally. The first two

statements indicate that you are at the airport waiting for something
(calmly in the first instance, more actively or nervously in the second
instance), while the third statement indicates that you are busy doing
something at the airport.
The verb xypy ‘to walk’ often takes on a figurative meaning as
well. Often it simply means ‘being present in a certain location’. For
example, MeH NoHaoHAaa xypMiH (literally: ‘I'm walking in London’)
is the most common way of saying ‘I'm in London.’
In addition, the verbs Typy ‘to stand’ and warTy ‘to lie' are frequently
used to indicate the position of inanimate objects. For example, in Dia-
logue 2 one of the speakers says: bBiagiH Fumapat Bye3oB Keweci MeH
XaHrenai kewenepiHiy kbinbicbivaa Typ ‘Our building is standing
at the intersection of Auezov and Zhangeldy streets.” With objects that
take a horizontal position, you use the verb xaty ‘to lie’. For example:
Kitan ycrenaix ycrinae xatbip ‘The book is lying on the table.’
Strangely, perhaps, the verb Typy ‘to stand’ is also used to indicate
weather conditions, as we will see in Unit 7. There we will discuss
the form in which all four verbs are put whenever they indicate some-
one’s physical position; the progressive or continuous tense.
The progressive tense is well known to speakers of English, who
use its characteristic ‘ing-’ form to describe ongoing actions and
events. In Kazakh, the progressive tense is used for a wider range of
purposes. When it is used to indicate someone’s physical position, it
is formed very simply by adding a personal ending (not to be confused
with a personal pronoun) to the stem of the verb.
Below is a table with all the present progressive forms of the four verbs
involved. Given their currency in Kazakh speech, they are worth knowing.
OTblpy TYPRY wary nypy

to sit to stand to lay to walk
MeH | OTbIPMbIH TYPMbIH HaTbIpMbIH XYPMIH

ceH you OTbIPCBIK TYPCbIH XaTbIPCbIH XYPCiH
ci3 formal ‘you’ OTbIPCbI3 TYpCbIa XaTbIpCbl3 XYpCia
on he/she OTbIp TYP xarbip wyp
bi3 we OTbIPMbI3 TYPMbI3 XKaTbIpMbII KYPMI3
ceHaep you oTbipChbiHAAP TYPCbiHAAP XaTbipChbiHAap kypciHaep
ciagep formal ‘you’ oOTbipcbianap Typcbiagap Kateipcblagap Kypciagep
onap they oThLIp VP xarvbip Xyp
Exercise 6 %
Using the verb forms from the table above, make sentences in which
you refer to your own or someone else’s physical position in the world.
Clues are provided in brackets. You may look up unfamiliar words in the
glossary at the back of the book.
Example I'm standing at the hotel. (konaky#, TyYpy)

MeH KoHak yi#iae TYPMbIH.
1 He is sitting on the sofa. (ausaH, oTbIpy)

2 She is lying on the sofa. (auBaH, xary)
3 My car is standing in the yard. (mawuHe, ayna, Typy)
4 We are sitting in the park. (6i3, napk, oTkIpy)
5 They are [walking] in Astana. (ActaHa, Xyp)
Language point @\
4 How to locate things with the help of
prepositions
To locate persons and objects, Kazakh makes frequent use of preposi-

tions of place. However, Kazakh prepositions of place always appear
after (not before!) the person to whom or the object to which they
are referring. For example: ceMkeHiH iwi ‘bag’s inside’. Moreover,
they do not appear by themselves but take one of three possessive
endings: bl/i Or ¢Cbl.
The prepositions of place that end on a consonant take one of
the endings oI or i. The prepositions that contain a back vowel take the
ending bl, while the prepositions that contain a front vowel take
the ending i. For example: apT-bl ‘behind [of]’, ycT-i ‘on top of’. On the
other hand, the prepositions of place that end on a vowel take
the ending cbl. For example: kapcbl-cbi ‘opposite [of]".
In the meantime, the noun (person or object) to which the preposi-
tion is referring has already taken one of the genitive endings (which
we discussed in Unit 3): HbIH/HIH, AbIK/AIH Or TbIH/TIH.
For example, if you want to say ‘inside the building’ in Kazakh,
you add to the noun fmmapat ‘building’ the genitive ending -Tbix
‘building’s’ and follow it up with the preposition of place iw-i. The
result: ruMapat-ThiH iwi ‘building’s inside’.
102 Unit 6; Ic-canap
Below is a list of the most common prepositions of place, each

preceded by a common location:
ynain iwi inside the house

MeKTenTiH CbIpThbl outside the school
NapkKTi{ apTbl behind the park
AYKEHHIH angbl in front of the shop
MypaXanabiH KaHbl next to the museum
CynepMapKeTTiH KapcbICbl opposite the supermarket
ycTenain ycri on [top of] the table
KanaHbIH yCTi above the city
KenipAiH acTbl under the bridge
KeLleHiH 60bl along the street
Note that there are a number of other words in Kazakh that function
as prepositions of place: con xarwbi ‘the ieft side of’, oH xafbl ‘the
right side of’, kubInbICkI ‘the intersection of’, 6ypbiwbl ‘the corner
of’, Ty6i ‘the bottom of’, Tebeci ‘the top/roof of’, wkIKbI ‘peak of’
and 6eri ‘the surface of’. For example:
»on-AblH CON Xaf-bl left side of the road

Kelle-HiH OH XaF-bl right side of the street
eKi Kewe-HiH{ KUbINbI-Cbl intersection of two streets
6enme-HiH Oypbiw-bI corner of the room
TeHi3-aiH TyO-i bottom of the sea
Tay-AblH WbIH-bl peak of the mountain
yhaiH Tebe-ci roof of the house
cyablH GeTi surface of the water
Moreover, if you want to indicate that the noun (person or object) is

moving in a certain direction, add to the preposition one of the dative
endings Ha or He. (For a full discussion of dative endings, see Unit 5.)
Here, too, choose between endings on the basis of vowel harmony. If
the preposition contains a back vowel, add the ending Ha. For example:
MawuHeHAi yMAiH KaHbl-Ha Kon ‘Move your car next to the house.’ If
the preposition contains a front vowel, add the ending He. For example:
Kecenepai ycrenain ycTi-He ko# 'Put the bowls on [top of] the table.’
On the other hand, if you want to indicate that the noun (person
or object) resides in a certain location, add to the preposition one of
the locative endings npga or Hage. (For a full discussion of locative
endings, see Unit 3.) Once again, choose between endings on the
Unit 6;: Business trip 103
basis of vowel harmony. If the preposition contains a back vowsl, i

the ending HAa. For example: MypaxahabiH angbl-HAa Ke346CeNix
‘Let's meet in front of the museum.’ If the preposition contains a tront
vowel, add the ending Hae. For example: Bi3 KoHakynaix lwi-nge
oTbipMbI3 ‘We are sitting inside the hotel.’
Finally, you may have noticed that prepositions of place such as ‘at’,
‘on’, and ‘in’ have been missing from the discussion. This is because,
as we saw in Unit 3, these prepositions take a different form, appearing
as locative endings at the end of nouns. For example: koHakyhae ‘at
the hotel’, ananpa ‘on the square’, 6enmege ‘in the room’.
Exercise 7 (cD 1; 56) c@

Using what you have learned in this unit, help Almas to locate the things
that he has lost. In your answers, use the right preposition and position D
verb. Then listen to both the questions and answers on the accompany- b
ing CD.
Example
Almas: ¥sanel TenedoHbIM Kanaa?
You: ¥sanbl TenedoHblH TOCEKTIH YCTiHAE XaTbip.
1 Almas: CeMkem kanaa?

You: CemkeH Teneavaapabiy
2 Almas: Kintim kanna?
You: KinTiH ycTenain,
3 Almas: OmuAHbIM Kanaa?
You: SMUAHbLIH COMKEHHIK
Exercise 8 %
First look at the map that comes after the questions. Then answer the
questions below about the location of various city sites.
Example
Pecnybnuka Capavibl kai »xepae opHanackaH?
Pecnybnuka Capaiibl [JoCTbIK kelleciHiH 6oMbiHAa opHanackaH.
«ApmaH» KMHoTeaTpbl Kan xepae?

=
la3eT kuockici kan xepae?

WN
A3bIK TYNik AykeHi kan xepge?

MeimaHxaHa Kait xepae?
O~
DOHTaH Kaw xepae?

104 Unit 6. lc-canap
marmy
(g

Your colleague is calling to arrange a meeting with you. Enter the con-
O versation. You take the part of the second speaker.
»
COLLEAGUE Canewmercia 6e! EpteH cisbeH keanecyre 6ona ma?
YOU Say: yes. Then ask: at what time shall we meet?
COLLEAGUE TaHepTteHri cafat 10-ga kespeceik.
YOU Say: | have to go to a meeting at 10 a.m.
COLLEAGUE OHpa caraT GecTte Kesgecemik.
YOU Say: OK. Then ask: where will we meet?
COLLEAGUE MeHiH ocucimae keagecenik.
YOU Say: all right. Then ask: where is your office located?
COLLEAGUE MeHiH ocucim Caman ayaaHbiHAa opHanackaH.
YOU Say: thank you, see you soon.
Unit Seven
AnmaTtbiaa XaHObIp
Xaybin Typ
It is raining in Almaty
In this unit you will learn how to: | q

* check in at an airport
¢ describe ongoing actions and events
¢ describe ongoing movement
¢ speak about the weather and the seasons
| | ogu e 9
.a i c ;
XKyrinia ken ne? How heavy is your luggage?
(CD 1; 58)
Stacy is standing at the check-in counter at the airport,
on her way back to Aimaty.
CT3nCKU C-3 Tipkey opHbl oCbl Ma?

AFEHT s ocbl. byuneTiHia 6eH KyKkaTTapblHbI3Obl KOPCETIHI3.
cTancu MiHe, MeHiH nacnopTbiM XaHe KOHbICTaHy XaTbl.
ATEHT Paxmer. XKyrinisgi Tapa3sbifa KobiHbI3. XKyriKiagiH canmarbl
23 kunopgax ken, 6ip ceMkeHi3di OTKI3iHi3. AnMaTtbiga Xyk
TEpPMUHANbIHAH anachbi3.
CTICH Y apangpbl. YNKeH CoOMKEHi eTKi3eMiH.
ATEHT MbiHa 6upka Kon XyriHia ywid. EHAi KyTy 3anbiHa eTyiHisre
Gonagbl.
CcTancu Paxmer.
106 Unit 7. AnMaTbipa XaHObIp Xaybin TYp
ArEHT AiTnakwel, KC 312 peiici eki caratka kewliryne.

cToncn Here?
AFEHT Aya paiblHa GaitnaHbicTbl, AnmaTbiaa XaHbbIp Xaybin Typ
XBHEe TyMaH.
cTancu KyTy sanbiHga wainxaHanap Hemece aykenaep 6ap ma?
AFEHT ©kiHiwke opaW, xeprinikTi 6afbiTTapabIH KYTY 3anbiHaa
wanxaHa oK.
Note: From here onwards, translations of dialogues will be found at

the back of this book.
Vocabulary
YK luggage coeMKke oTkizy to check in a bag
arenTt agent 6upka luggage tag, label
Tipkey to register oty to go from one area
KYKaTt document to another
KOMBICTaHy XaTbl work permit | Kewiry to be late, delayed
Tapa3sbi scale eKiHilwke opan unfortunately
canmag weight |
Words to remembaer (cp 1; 59)

ylwakrap kecreci 3NeKTPOHAbIK GuneT
flight schedule electronic tickets
TipKey OpHbI xeprinikti pecrep

registration counter local flights
KYTY 3ansbl XanblKapansiK pecrep

transit area international flights
XYK TepMUHanb! Kewiryae

luggage terminal delayed
Kon xyri yaKbITbIHAA

hand luggage on time
Unit 7: It is raining in Almaty 107
Exercise 1 (cD 1; 60) %

Listen to the announcement on the accompanying CD and fill in the
flight schedule below. The first row is completed for you. O
Xeprinikri 6arbiTrap kecreci
¥wag BarbIThbl ¥wobin kety | Tipkey | xy#ni

HOMIpi yaKbIThi OPHbI
1 ] KC 312 Acrana- 10.25 C-3 Kewiryae + 2 car.

Anmatbl
2 | AE 345 11.45 B-6 yakbiToiHAA
3 | AN 423 AcTaHa- A-5 kewiryae + 30 mMuH.

©OckemeH
4 AcrtaHa- 12.05 A-2 yakbiTbiHAS

Maenoaap
5 | UM 210 | AcraHa- 12.55 C-4

WbimkeHT
Bananap He icten xatbip? What are the

children doing? (CD 1; 61) O
Stacy is calling the housekeeper to say that her flight has been delayed.
YW KbI3BMETKEP! Anno? TeiHAanN TYPMbIH.

CTancu CaneM, meH ron Ctaiicn. MeH ani AcTaHaHbiH
ayXaibiHaa OTbIPMbIH. ¥LUAK €Ki caraTka Kewlirin
xatbip. KangapuiH, kanan?
YW KbI3METKEPI Bbapnbifbl Xakcbi, yaitbiMaama.
CTancu Bananap He icTen xatbip?
YA KbISMETKEPI OaBug cabarbiH xapan oTbip, Malikn yibiKran
xarbip, Jlopa Teneanaap kepin otkip. MeH Tamak
nicipin XaTbIpMbIH.
cTancu Xakcbl, kepickeHwe.
108 Unit 7. AnmaTbiaa XaHbbIp Xaybin Typ
@ Voc‘obulory
TbiHAan TYpMbIH I'm listening cabak kapay to do homework
ayeman airport yHbIKTay to sleep
yuwag plane Tamak nicipy to cook
yaubimpay to worry
Language point
1 How to describe ongoing actions and
events
In Dialogue 2, the speakers describe what they are doing and what
is happening around them in the following ways: Men Tamak nicipin
XatbipMbIH ‘I'm cooking’, ¥waK eki caraTka kewirin xateip ‘The
flight is being delayed for 2 hours’. The verb tense that the speakers
are using here is known as the progressive or continuous tense, a
verb form used to describe ongoing actions and events.
As in English, do not use the progressive tense in Kazakh to
describe frequent and habitual actions and events. For the latter, use
the simple present tense. For example: Asamat 6aHKTe XyMbIc icTenai
‘Azamat works at a bank’, Manuke TeHHuc onHanabl ‘Malika plays
tennis’, CeH Tea ToHacbIH 6a? ‘Do you get a cold quickly?’ For a more
detailed discussion of the simple present tense in Kazakh, see Unit 4.
Unlike in English, however, you can also use the progressive tense in
Kazakh to describe physical conditions: MeH TOHbIN TYpMbIH ‘I'm cold’
(literally: ‘I'm standing being cold’), ByriH kyH cybiK 6onbin Typ ‘It is
being cold today’ (literally: ‘it is standing being cold today’), KapHeim
awbin Typ ‘I'm being hungry’ (literally: ‘my stomach is standing burning’).
The progressive tense in Kazakh consists of two verbs: the main verb
and one of the four Kazakh position verbs, Typy ‘to stand’, oTbipy
‘to sit’, wary ‘to lie [down)’ or wane xypy 'to walk'. We have already
discussed these position verbs in Unit 6, but we return to them because
they play an important role as auxiliary verb (supporting the main
verb) here.
When you want to use the progressive tense, add to the main verb
one of the following endings: bIn, in or n. If the stem of the main
Unit 7. It is raining in Alimaty 109
verb ends on a vowel, add the ending n. For example: TbiHaa-n

‘listening’. If the stem of the main verb ends on a consonant, add the
ending bIn or in. Choose between these two endings by looking at
the vowel quality of the last syllable of the verb stem. If the last
syllable contains a back vowel, add the ending that contains a back
vowel as well: bin. For example: wa3-bIn ‘writing’. If the last syllable
contains a front vowel, add the ending that contains a front vowel as
well: in. When adding one of the endings bin/in to a verb that ends on
the letter 6, the letter 6 is eliminated. For example: xay-bin, Tay-bin.
Immediately after the main verb, put one of the four position verbs
and add to this position verb one of the many personal endings. (For
a full discussion of personal endings, see Unit 1.) Use the position verb
oTblIpy ‘to sit’ when you are referring to a person who is in a sitting
position. For example: MeH xa3bin oTbipMbIH ‘I'm writing sitting.’
Use the position verb wary ‘to lie [down]’ when you want to indicate
that a person or object is in a horizontal position. For example: On
yMbiKTan xatbip ‘He is sleeping lying down.’ Also use this position
verb when you want to indicate that an action is conducted over an
extended period of time. For example: MeH blAbIC XYbIN XaTbIPMbIH
‘I'm doing the dishes lying down.” Obviously the speaker is not lying
down; he/she wants to indicate that the dishwashing will take some time.
Use the position verb wypy ‘to walk’ to describe an action that is
conducted while moving around. For example: On TeHHUC OWHan
xyp ‘He/she is playing tennis walking.’ Also use this position verb to
indicate that an action is occurring regularly during an indefinite period
of time. For example: On norameH anHanbicbIn Xyp ‘He/she is doing
yoga walking.’
Use the position verb Typy ‘to stand’ when you are referring to a
person or object that is in a vertical position. For example: CeH kyTin
TYpPCcbI{ ‘You are waiting standing.” Also use this position verb to
describe weather conditions as well as the physical condition of a
person. For example: Kap xaybin Typ ‘It is snowing standing’, MeHiq
6acbiM aybipbin Typ ‘My head is hurting standing.’
Given that position verbs are always present when an ongoing
action or event is described, it should not be surprising that they
often acquire a figurative or idiomatic meaning. It is impossible to
discuss all the possible meanings here, but suffice it to say that
Kazakh is quite creative in how it modifies the various meanings of
its position verbs.
110 Unit 7: AnmaTbiga xaHObIp Xaybin TYp
Exercise 2
Look at the pictures and use the verbs on p. 111 to say what Aysha is
currentty doing.
Unit 7: It is raining in Almaty 111
TYPy — Tasanay — Tapay — OKy — iy ~ KyeiHy = KWWYy =

XKYMBbIC icTey
Example Anwa Typbin XarbIp.
Aiwa
Anwa TiciH
oM
Awa walbiH
waniH
>
=
E
o
Anwa rasert
~N~No
Exercise 3 (€D 1; 62) @

Read and listen to the letter that Aizhan has written to her friend Raikhan.
Find and underline the verbs in the progressive tense. Also pay atten-
tion to the various meanings of the position verbs that are part of the § §
progressive tense. The first verb is underlined for you.
AmaHcbiH 6a, Panxan!
Kan-xafgaibiH kanan? XXyMbiCbiH kanan? Mockea kanacbl agemi

Me? Aya-paiibl KaHnan ekeH?
BianiH araainbiMbI3 Xakebl. Kasip ActaHaga Typbin XKaTblipMbI3.
AcTtaHa ecin keneai. KenTtereH »aHa ywWnep MeH fuMapartap
canbiHbIN XaTbip. MyHAa KyH cankblH, ByriH ae xen cofbin Typ.
MeH «TacKblH» KOMNaHUSCbiHAA 3KOHOMMUCT 60onbin XYMbIC
icten xypMiH, an Kawpat yHueepcuteTte cabak OGepin xyp.
bananap 6anabakwara 6apbin yp. AWTNAKWbI, XAMOH TiNiH
yipeHin XypmiH. Keneci xbinbl XanoHusfa 6ip xbinFa okyra
6apybim MymkiH. Byn canapabl acbiFa KyTin XypMiH.
CanemmeH,
Anxan
112 Unit 7. AnMaTtbiaa %aK6bIp Xaybin Typ
%B Vocabulary
ecy to grow cabak 6epy to teach
fumapar building y#peHy to learn
cany to build canap trip
KYH day, sun acbira kyty to look forward to
Exercise 4
Change the verb tenses in the sentences below into the progressive
tense. Do not forget to add the appropriate position verb each time.
Example
Wonnax Tamak nicipeai. WonnaH Tamak nicipin xarbip.
AnTaii MalWIMHe XeHaenai.

WON=
Anmac kuHo Kepepi.

Mapan kitan okuapbl.
MamkaH waxmar oinHaingb!.
A
p Language point
2 How to describe ongoing movement
To describe a movement that is occurring at the moment of speaking,
you can use four motion verbs: 6apy ‘to go’, keny ‘to come’, akeny ‘to
bring’, anapy ‘to take [something to somewhere]'. When you want to put
a motion verb in the progressive tense, you need to add one of two
possible endings: a or e. Choose between these two endings on the
basis of vowel harmony. If the last syllable of the verb contains a back
vowel, add the ending a. If it contains a front vowel, add the ending e.
Moreover, all four motion verbs are always followed by the same
position verb: waty ‘to lie [down]’. For example: MeH yire 6apa
XKaTbipMbIH ‘I'm going lying home’, Ci3 ’yMbICTaH kene XaTbIpChIi3
‘You are coming lying from work’, On Topt axene xarwbip ‘He/she is
bringing lying a cake’, CeH 6ananapabl MeKTenke anapa XaTbIpCbiH
‘You are taking lying the kids to school.’
Note that verbs describing gradual motion, such as ecy ‘to grow’
and pamy ‘to develop’, take an entirely different auxiliary verb: keny
Unit 7. It is raining in Aimaty 113
‘to come’. For example, in the letter in Exercise 3 Aizhan writes:

AcTaHa ecin kenegi ‘Astana is growing.” You can also use this
auxiliary verb to talk about the gradual development of children and
nature. For example: Bananap ecin keneai ‘The children are growing’,
ArawTap rynaen kenegi ‘The trees are blossoming.’
Exercise 5 @
Using the clues below, make sentences in the progressive tense.
Example aBTobyc — Keny — xaTbip

ABTOBYyC kene xatbip.
ApMaH — bapy — cabakka — xatbip

=
MeH — akeny — xaTblp — KiTanTap

bW
CEeH — anapy — He — XaTbIp?

onap — ActaHara — xaTelp — 6apy
ci3 — keny — xatblp — MocksagaH?
Language point @\
3 How to put an ongoing action or event in
the negative
To put a verb in the progressive tense in a negative form, first add

one of the endings faH, reH or KaH to the associated position verb.
Choose among these endings on the basis of the principles of vowel
harmony and consonant assimilation: add to the position verbs oTbIp
and Typ the ending faH, to the position verb xyp the ending ren,
and to the position verb xat the ending kaH.
Then, add the negative word wok ‘no/not’ at the end of the sentence.
In this case, the word xok takes a personal ending. Because it
ends on an unvoiced consonant, it can take one of the following
personal endings: NbiH, NbI3, CbIH, CbIHAAP, Cbi3 Or cbizaap. Consider
MeH Tamak iwin oTbIp-faH I'm not eating [sitting].

WOK-NbIH.
Bi3 oHan Xyp-reH XoK-nbi3. We are not playing [walking).
114 Unit 7: AnmMaTteiaa xaH6bip xaybin Typ
CeH acbifbin Typ-faH WOK-CbIH Aren't you in a hurry

6a? [standing]?
Ci3 xyMbic icTen xaT-KaH Aren’t you working [lying
XOK-CbI3 6a? down)?
Exercise 6
Answer the questions below in the negative.
Example
XaHObIp xaybin Typ Ma? Kok, aHObIp Kaybin TYPFaH XOK.
Oykerre 6apa xartblpchia 6a?

WN =
KuHo kepin OTbIpcbla 6a?

KoMnbioTep Kocbinbin Typ Ma?
ApMaH TEHHUC OiHan Xyp me?
b
bananap 6aKTa xyp me?

O
) J Di e
Aya panbl kaHgan? What is the weather like?
(CD 1; 63)
Luka and Sasha are talking about the weather.
nyka Cauwa, epTeHri aya panbl Typansl xabapeiH 6ap Ma?

CAWA Wa, «Aya paiibl» cawuTbl 6oMbiHWLA epTeH AnMaTbliaa KyH 18
rpagyc Xeinbl 6onaasl.
NYKA ByriH kyH 6ynTTaHbin Typ. Kewke xaHbbIp xayaasbl.
CAWA Wa, AnMmaTbiHbiH aya paibl KybbinMansl. MunaHHbiH aya
paiibl kKaHaan?
NYKA MwunaHaa Xa3na KyH bICThIK, an KbicTa cyblk 6onaabi.
KekteMae xoeHe Kyafe aya palibl WhiHbIMEH Tamala
6onaabl. An Mockeapa wwe?
CAWA MockBana Kbic eTe cyblk. Aa3fbl, Gipak Kyprak. An xasna
XaHObIp Ken xayagbl.
NYKA MW ahaHablK Xbiny Maceneci aya panbiHa Ken acepiH TUrisin
Xarbip FOW.
Unit 7: It is raining in Aimaty 115
Vet @
aya- panbi weather WbIHbIMEH really
! xabap information | Kypfag dry
E 6ynTtrany to be cloudy t wahaHabIK Xbiny global warming
! Ky6binmanbl volatile | acepiH Tvrisy to impact, affect
Language point @\
4 How to speak about the weather
There are two verb tenses with which you can talk about the weather
in Kazakh: the simple present tense and the progressive tense. Use
the present tense when you want to describe a weather-related event
that occurs regularly. Use the progressive tense when you want to
refer to a weather-related event that is ongoing. For example:
ActaHapa xap xen xayapabl. It snows a lot in Astana.

Anmatbiga xaHObIp xaybin Typ. It is raining in Almaty.
Exercise 7 (audio online) ‘@

Read the below set of expressions that Kazakhs frequently use to speak
about the weather. M
KyH awbik. It is sunny. Xen cofuin The wind is

KyH 6ynTTbI. It is cloudy. TYP. blowing.
KYH Xbinbl. It is warm., Bypwak It is hailing.
KyH cankbiH. It is cool. XaybIn TYp.
KyH cybik. It is cold. TymaHabt. It is foggy.
KyH ana. It is freezing. Kenai. It is windy.
MaHbbIp It is raining. Kapnbl. It is snowy.
naybin Typ. Kekranrak. It is slippery.
Kap xaybin Typ. It is snowing. Kanbipbik. It is hot.
116 Unit 7: AnmaTbiga xaH6bIp Xaybin Typ

Describe the weather in the cities listed in the left column below.
f’%’% Example
Opan 18 °C Opanaa xaHbblp xaybin
Typ, Temneparypa 14-18
rpagyc Xblfbl.
1 ATblpay 16 °C
2 Cemeit s, 7°C
3 Acrawa " -5 °C
4 Agray 20 °C
Words to remember
Xbin Mep3imaepi seasons Ky3 autumn
KOKTEeM spring KbIC winter
was summer
Exercise 9
Describe the four seasons as you experience them in the city or area
in which you are living.
Kbicta Kektempe Xaspa Kyane

A friend is calling you from Astana. Enter the conversation. Make sure
D to use the progressive tense. You take the part of the second speaker.
&
FRIEND Canem! byn bonart Kow.
YOU [Say: hello! Ask: where are you calling from?]
FRIEND MeH AcTtaHagaH tenedgoH Cofbin TYPMbIH.
YOU [Ask: what is the weather like in Astana?]
FRIEND AcTaHafa kap xaybin Typ. AfiMaTbiga KyH Xbinbl ma?
YOU [Say: it is raining in Almaty.]
Unit Eight
Haypbi3 KyTTbl 60NCbIH!
Happy Nowruz!
¢ invite someone to take action

o state or ask for someone’s intentions
¢ make a polite request
¢ say a blessing
Dialogue 1 4P
Haypbiara He nicipemiz? What shall we cook for
Nowruz? (CD 2; 1) O
A group of colleagues are planning for the annual festival of
Nowruz.
CTaNCKH KaHgan Tamak nicipemia?

CAUWIA MeH ywiH eH gamai Taram — MaHTbl. MaHTbl Xacanbik.
APMAH MaraH nanay yHaiAabl, nanay nicipemik.
AmKAH MaraH 6ecbapmak yHanawl. MNanay xacay KubiH,
6ecbapmak nicipy oHawnay, becbapmak ganbiHAanbIK.
CTaNCW MaraH ga MaHTbl yHanAbl.
CALLA MaHTel 6apnbiFbiMbi3fa YHanap!.
AMXAH MaHTb! acanbiK.
APMAH ET xeHe ecimpikTepai 6a3zapaaH caTbin ananblk.
118 Unit 8: Haypbi3 KyTTbl 6oncbin!
basapfa Calwa MeH Airyn 6apcbiH, KanfaHbiMbla

cynepmapkeTke GapaibiK. ¥H, TOTTINep *aHe CyCbiHaapAab!
cynepmapkeTTeH anambik.
CALLA JKakchbl, oHga MeH Airynre TenedoH cofaibiH, Kek
Gasapra carart 2-Ae KenciH.
Sasha calls Aigul on the telephone.
CAWA Canewmercia 6e, Airyn. Haypbia KyTTbl 60MnCbIH!

AAMYA bipre 6oncbiH!
CALIA Ekeyimis GasapaaH et catein ananelk. byriH carat ekige
kek Da3apra kene anacbi3 6a?
AMYN Okiniwke opan 6yriH 6apa anmanmbiH. Myngem yakbITbiM
XoK. EpTeH 6apaitbik!
CAWA EpteH Meipam fol, 6aaap xabblk 6onaabl. X apanabi,
e3iM GapalibiH.
%B Vocabulary | |
Aempi tasty, delicious | xanraubIMbI3 the rest of us
Taram dish ToTTinep desserts, sweets
OHwa yHamahgbl not to like TenecoH cory to call, to make
very much a call
KUbIH difficult HaypbI3 KyTTbl happy Nowruz!
oHaii easy 6oncbin!
AanbiHaay prepare mynaem at all

6apnoifbl everybody, Mesipam holiday
everything Hapanasbl OK, all right
er meat o3im myself
ecimaik vegetable !
@ etV R ele an
A festival observed by Turkic and Iranic peoples around the world,
Nowruz ‘New Day' is meant to mark the first day of spring. In
Kazakhstan, Nowruz is officially celebrated for two days, starting on
the 22nd March. During this time Kazakhs get together with friends,
Unit 8: Happy Nowruz! 119
relatives and even colleagues to partake in a generous dastarkhan ‘a

table with food’. Traditionally the dastarkhan consists of baursak (fried
dough), besbarmak (a meat dish), kazy-karta (horse sausage), pilaf
(meat and rice) and kymyz (fermented horse milk). Nowruz is also a time
when streets and concert halls are brimming with music and dance.
Language poinfs
1 How to say ‘and’ q
The standard word for ‘and’ is xaHe. However, Kazakh has also
developed variants that fit more smoothly into its agglutinative sound
system: meH, 6eH and neH. Which of these words you choose depends
on the last sound of the preceding word. If the preceding word ends
on an unvoiced consonant, choose the word neH. For example: aK neH
kapa ‘white and black’. If the preceding word ends on a vowel or on
one of the consonants ®, n, M, H, H, or p, choose the word meH. For
example: Cawa meH Auryn ‘Sasha and Aigul’. If the preceding word
ends on one of the voiced consonants 3 or X, choose the word GeH.
For example: a3 6eH kbic ‘summer and winter'.
2 How to say ‘let us’
The speakers in Dialogue 1 invite others as well as themselves to take

action in the following ways: kacamnbi ‘let’s make’, TenecoH corainbiH
‘let me call’, 6apcbIH ‘let them go’. To issue this kind of invitation,
add to the stem of the verb one of the following endings: AbIH/#iH,
MUbIK/MiK, anbiH/eniH, aiblK/eniK, CblH/CiH, UbIH, UbIK Or bICbIH.
Choose among these endings on the basis of the following prin-
ciples: first, the grammatical person (i.e. the first, second, third person
singular or plural) to which the ending and the invitation are supposed
to refer, and second, vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.
If the stem of the verb ends on a vowel, add an ending that begins
with a consonant: AbIH/KiH (when the invitation refers to the first
person singular) or nbik/hik (when the invitation refers to the first
person plural). Narrow your choice by looking at the vowel quality of
the last syllable of the verb stem. If this syllable contains a back
120 Unit 8: Haypsbi3 KyTTbl 60ncbiH!
vowel, choose the ending that contains a back vowel as well. For
example: caHa-WbIH ‘let me count’, cana-mbIK ‘let us count’. If this
syllable contains a front vowel, choose the ending that contains a
front vowel as well. For example: enwe-iin ‘let me measure’, enwe-
nik ‘let us measure’.
If the stem of the verb ends on a consonant, add an ending that
begins with a vowel: anbin/enind (when the invitation refers to the first
person singular) or anbik/etik (when the invitation refers to the first
person plural). Here, too, narrow your choice on the basis of vowel
harmony. If the last syllable of the verb stem contains a back vowel,
choose the ending that contains a back vowel as well. For example:
Oap-aibiH ‘let me go’, 6ap-anbIk ‘let us go’'. If the last syllable con-
tains a front vowel, choose the ending that contains a front vowel as
well. For example: ken-e#iH ‘let me come’, xen-enik ‘let us come’.
If the invitation is in the third person singular or plural, matters are
simpler. The verb stem always takes one of two endings: CblIH Or CiH.
Here, too, make your choice on the basis of vowel harmony. For example:
yMbIKTa-cbiH ‘let him/her/them sleep’, kyT-ciH ‘let him/her/them wait’.
There is one notable exception. Verb stems that end on the letter K,
such as the verb stems of oKy ‘to read’, Toky ‘to knit’ or kanky ‘to float’,
always take one of the endings MbIH, ubIK or biCbiH. For example:
OK-UbIH ‘let me read’, TOK-UbIK ‘let us knit’, kank-bIcbIH ‘let them float’.
& Exercise 1 (cp 2 2)

Invite your friends and colleagues to participate in an activity. Complete
0 each invitation below by putting the verb (which is included in brackets)

in the correct form. You may look up unfamiliar words in the glossary.
Afterwards you can listen to the resulting sentences on the accompany-
ing CD.
Example TaHepTeH 6apnbifbiMbia napkke bapaiibik. (6apy)
1 lenb neH MakcaTt TeHHUC . (onHay)

2 Aviryn meH Maknan aHgap napkiH . (xepy)
3 MeH kiTan . (oKy)
4 Tycte 6apnbifbiMbl3 «[JacTapxaH» MenpamxaHacbiHaH
. (tamag iwy)
5 Kewke 6apnbifbiMbla Maipa KepeigliH KOHLEpPTIH
. (ramawanay)
Unit 8; Happy Nowruz! 121
Words to remember
TaHepTeH TYC TYCTEH KeuniH Kew

morning noon afternoon evening
TaHepTeHri ac TYCKi ac won Kewki ac

breakfast lunch tea supper
ldioms to remember
The Kazakh verb for ‘to drink’ is iwy. For example: 6i3 wan
iwemi3 ‘we drink tea’, kexe iwenik ‘Let us drink soup.” Oddly
enough, when referring to the Kazakh nouns taHepteHri ac
‘breakfast’, Tycki ac ‘lunch’, kewki ac ‘supper’ or ramag ‘food’,
the Kazakh verb associated with these nouns is Tamak iwy,
which literally means ‘to drink food’. For example:
Onap TaHepTeHri acbiH iweai. They eat breakfast.

Tycki acTbl Xakcbinan You should eat a
iwyin kepek. big lunch.
Kewki actsl iwemia 6e? Shall we have dinner?
Tamak iwyim Kepek. | need to eat food.
However, when you refer to eating a specific food, use the word
wey ‘to eat’:
MaHTb! Xenmis. We eat manti.

MeH anMaHbl Ken KenMiH. | ate apples a lot.
OraH 6Ganmy3gak xeyre He/she is now allowed
oonmanabt. to eat ice cream.
122 Unit 8: Haypbi3a KyTTbl 60ncbIN!
Ci3 He anamnbiH pen epiHi3? What would you like

to buy? (CD 2; 3)
Sasha is at the K&k bazaar, buying meat at one of the many stalls.
CATYUWb! Cia He anaibiH gen efjiHia?

CAILLA KoiabiH eTit ananbiH aen efim. Kunorpamel kaHwa Typagbi?
CATYLUb Kunorpamel 900 TeHre Typaabl.
CALLA CubipablH eTi we?
CATYUIb 700 TeHre.
CAILLA MaraH »apTbl KUNorpamMmM KOMAbIH, apTel KUNOrPaMM
CUbIpAbIH eTiH BepiHiawi.
CATYUWb Mine. Ac 6oncoliH!
Sasha has moved on to the vegetable stalls.
CALIA AckaBak anaiiblH Aen efiMm, XapTbICbiH Kecin Hepinjiawyi.
CATYWb Xapanabl, 6epeitiH. Tafbl He anacbia?
CALIA 1 KMnorpamm nMuA3, XapTtel kunorpamm cabia, eki capbiMcak
6epiHiswi.
CATYLUb KapTton, kekeHicTep anacmi3 6a?
CALLA Mok, kapTon KaweT emec. KuAp MeH KbidaHak anaibi
*aHe Gip 6yna aixenkeH 6epiHia . . . BapnbiFbl kaHwa?
CATYLb Mineku. Bapnbirbl 500 TeHre.
CALIA Paxmer.
caTyuubl salesperson | MUA3 onion

KONAbIH eTi lamb i cabi3 carrot
KaHwa Typaabl? how much | capbimcak garlic
does it cost? } kapTon potato
CUbIpAbIH eTi beef KvAap cucumber
ac GoncbiH may it be ; Kbl3aHaK tomato

good food! | 6yna bushel
ackabak pumpkin aikenkeH parsley
Kecin 6epy to cut and give | miHeku here it is
‘Cultural points
The Kok bazaar ‘Green market’ is the oldest food market in the city
@
of Almaty, dating back to the nineteenth century. Many inhabitants
of Almaty still like buying fresh vegetables and fresh meat at the
Kok bazaar, even though every district of the city has its own market
by now. At the Kbk bazaar, feel free to practise your merchant skills
and negotiate about each cent of your apple until you are offered the
right price.
Traditional Kazakh dishes are based on meat, milk and flour.
Traditional meat dishes include besbarmak, made of fresh lamb and
horse sausage (known as kazy), placed on layers of hand-made dough.
Traditional milk beverages include kymyz (fermented horse milk), shu-
bat (fermented camel milk) and airan (fermented cow milk). Also
popular are baursaks (fried pieces of dough) and sorpa (broth made
of boiled meat parts).

©
%
Read the below list of commonly used expressions of quantity.
1 6enke HaH 1 loaf of bread

1 6eTenke ecimaik Maibl 1 bottle of vegetable oil
bip naker yH 1 pack of flour
Bip Kkopan woxonag a box of chocolates
2 TopTt 2 cakes
1 NUTP 38ATYH Malbl 1 litre of olive oil
1 Tinim ceIp 1 slice of cheese
1 xecex eT 1 piece of meat
200 rpamm ipiMwik 200 grams of cheese
1 6eTenxe wapan a bottle of wine
1 wawik cbipa 1 crate of beer
250 rpamm capbl man 250 grams of butter
6 Getenxe cy 6 bottles of water
1 naxeT WbLIPbIH 1 carton of juice
1 nuTp cyT 1 litre of milk
1 6eTenke KbiMbI3 1 bottle of Kymyz
1 naxeT Tywnapa 1 pack of Russian ravioli
124 Unit 8: Haypbi3 KyTTbl 60NCbIH!
Listen to Aizhan’s plans for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Make a shop-
Q ping list for her.
TaHepTeHri acka: Tycki acka: Kewki acka:
1. Kypil 1. 1
2 2. 2
3 3. 3
4 4. 4
5 5. 5
/@ Language point
3 How to state or ask someone’s intentions
In Dialogue 2 one of the speakers states his wish or intention to buy

lamb’s meat in the following way: Konabi eTiH anaibiH gen egim
‘I would like to buy some lamb.’ The speaker adds to the stem of the
verb an the ending aunbIH, which, as we have seen under Language
point 2, translates as ‘let me buy’. However, by immediately adding
the phrase aen egim (literally: ‘| intend to’), the speaker changes the
meaning of the statement as a whole.
Depending on the grammatical person (first, second, third person
singular or plural) to which you want to refer, you can add one of the
following phrases to make your own or someone else’s intentions
known: gen eaiH ‘you intend to’, nen eAini3 'you [formal] intend to’,
Aaen epi ‘he/she intends to’, gen eaik ‘we intend to’, aen eainaep
‘you intend to’, aen eai ‘they intend to’.
Another common way of making your wishes or intentions known
is by using the ‘I want’ construction (which we will discuss more fully
in Unit 9), even though it can only be used when you are stating your
wishes in informal conversation. For example: the sentence Konabix
eTiH catbin anrbIM kenedi ‘| want to buy some lamb’ cannot be uttered
to a butcher or shopkeeper, only when speaking to a friend or relative.
Similarly, when you ask others to make their wishes or intentions
known, you can use the same phrases. For example, in informal
conversation you can ask: He carbin anfuii kenegi? ‘What do you

want to buy?’ By contrast, in a more formal or professional conversa-
tion, you should ask the same question as follows:; Ci3 He anaibin
aen eainia? ‘What would you like to buy?’
Exercise 4 (cb 2; 5) @
Using the clues provided, translate the following sentences into Kazakh.
You may look up unfamiliar words in the glossary at the back of the book.
Afterwards you can listen to the accompanying CD and verify your answers. § §
Example
I would like to exchange money. (aKwa aubipbacray)
Akwa anbipbacTaiibiH oen efiM.
| would like to speak to you. (ceHimeH cennecy)

=
We would like to invite guests. (koHaK WakKbIpy)

WN
Where would you like to go? (kaipa, 6apy)

What would you like to ask? (we, cypay)
Language point @\
4 How to make a polite request
Note that in Kazakh a sentence such as bleTbIK Wwai iweiid aen egim
‘I would like to drink hot tea’ has a slightly different function from its
English counterpart. Use the Kazakh phrase for ‘| would like to’ only
as a way of initiating a polite request. The actual request follows
immediately after.
The actual request takes the form of a sentence in which one of
the endings wwl or wi (whose meaning can best be translated as
‘please’) is added to the aiready conjugated verb. Following the prin-
ciple of vowel harmony, add the ending wbl when the verb contains
a back vowel, or alternatively, add the ending wi when the verb
contains a front vowel.
For example: Bip kece bICTbIK Wan 6epiHi3-wi ‘Give me a cup of
hot tea, please.’ In this request the speaker has added the ending wi
to the imperative of the verb, Gepinis. For an explanation of how
imperatives are formed in Kazakh, see Unit 5.
126 Unit 8: Haypbi3 KyTTbi 6oncbiH!
Not all conjugated verbs in polite requests take the form of second
person imperatives. Also the phrase we have discussed under the
second language point in this unit can easily be used to make a polite
request in Kazakh. For example: BapanbiH-wbl ‘Let me go, please’,
Teneaupap kepenik-wi ‘Let us watch TV, please’, Cennecin-wi ‘Let
him/her/them speak, please.’
Idiom to remember
When asking somebody to do something for you, use the verb
6epy ‘to give’ to make your request more polite. In Dialogue 2,
for example, the buyer asks the market vendor to cut off half a
pumpkin for him in the following way: xapTeiCblH Kecin
GepiHi3wi (literally: ‘please give me cutting one half’). Below are
some other examples that will help you grasp this difficult,
idiomatic construction:
KomnbloTep catbin anbin 6epiHiswi.

Please buy a computer for me. (Literally: ‘Please give me
buying a computer.’)
LWa# kyMbin 6epiHi3wi.

Please pour tea for me. (Literally: ‘Please give me pouring tea.’)
EcikTi awbin 6epiHi3wi.

Please open the door for me. (Literally: ‘Please give me
opening the door.’)
Kesinpipirimai akenin 6epiKiswi.

Please bring my glasses. (Literally: ‘Please give me
bringing my glass.’)
You are shopping for various food products. Make a polite request each time
you order a product. Clues are provided in Kazakh. You may look up unfa-
1A miliar words in the glossary. Then listen to the CD and check your answers.
Example ©6ip — nuTp — Kyibin 6epy — cyT

Bip NuTp cyT KyhbIn 6epiHiaLui.
1 et — 6ip — Kecek — kecin 6epy

2 enuwen b6epy — 6ip — TiniM — cbIp
3 kopan — kamnuT — Bepy — 6ip
Exercise 6(cb 2;7) @

Translate the following requests into Kazakh. Then listen to the requests
on the accompanying CD. O
Example Let me take this book, please.

&
MeH MbiHa KiTanTbl anawnblHilbI.
1 Let him use this computer, please.

2 Open this door, please.
3 Let me call Arman.
4 Let us go to the cinema, please.
Language point Q
5 How tfo say a blessing
In Dialogue 1, set in March, the month of the Nowruz festival, one

speaker wishes the other speaker the best by saying, HaypbI3 KyTTbi
6oncbin! ‘Happy Nowruz!’ To this the other speaker replies by saying,
Bipre G6oncbiH! ‘May we all have a happy Nowruz!” With these
two blessings Kazakhs often greet each other during the month of
Nowruz.
Blessings are common in Kazakh conversation. For example, when
someone has bought something new, you can always say, KyTTel
6oncbiH ‘Let it be enjoyable.” In Dialogue 2, the market vendor
says Ac 6oncoein! ‘May it be good food! This is a blessing that
Kazakhs use anywhere (in a shop, a restaurant or at home), when
replying to someone’s expression of gratitude for the presented food
and drink.
Note that these blessings make use of the same construction
that we have already discussed several times in this unit. To say a
blessing, add to the stem of the verb one of the two endings that
you can also use to make ‘let him/let her do something’ phrases:
CblIH Or CiH.
128 Unit 8: Haypbla KyTTbl 60oncbiH!
Exercise 7 (cD 2: 8)
Below is a list of popular blessings. While reading them, also listen to
q ) how they are pronounced on the accompanying CD. There will be enough
N time for you to repeat after the voice.
TyraH KyHiHi3 KyTTb 6oncbid! May your birthday be happy!

XaHa xbin KyTTbl 60oncbiH! May the New Year be happy!
Bayb! 6epik 6oncbix! May the newborn be healthy!
YaHa KblaMeTiH KYTTbI May your new job be successful!
6oncbitl
ExbGeriH xemicTi 60oncbin! May your hard work be fruitful!
XonbiHbI3 60ncbiH! May your trip be safe!
,@ Language point
6 How to say what you like or dislike with
the verb yhay
In Dialogue 1, the speakers reveal which food they like by saying mafaH
6ecbapmak yHanab! ‘| like besbarmak’ and MaraH MaHTbl YHaWAbl
‘| like manti.’
Each time they use the stem of the verb ynHay ‘to like’, to which
they add the ending of the present tense i as well as the personal
ending of the third person singular abl: yHa-i-abl. Each time they
also use the indirect object, maraH ‘to me’, which consists of the
personal pronoun MeH followed by the dative ending faH, and there-
fore literally translates as ‘to me’. (For a full discussion of dative
endings, see Unit 5.)
These sentences as a whole literally translate as: ‘to me besbarmak
likes’ and ‘to me manti likes'. Notice the unusual word order in both
sentences: the indirect object appears first, while the subject appears
only second. In other words, a sentence construction with yHay is
idiomatic. But it is well worth knowing this construction because it is
a very common (and relatively easy) way of saying that you like or
dislike something.
To put this construction in the form of a question, put one of the
question words in the place of the subject: CaraH kim yHangei?
‘Whom do you like?’, OraH He yHaiabl? ‘What does he/she like?’,

Onmxacka KkaHpan Ttaram yHanabl? ‘What food does Olzhas like?'
When asking yes/no questions, drop the third person ending ael from
the verb and follow it by the question particle ma: CafaH MaHTbI yHal
ma? ‘Do you like manti?’
To put this construction in the negative, add to the verb stem yHa
the negative ending ma before adding a present tense ending and a
personal ending. For example: Maran 6anmy3nak yHa-ma-n-abl ‘| do
not like ice-cream.’
Exercise 8 %
Read the list of Kazakh foods and drinks below. Say what you like or
dislike. You may look up unfamiliar foods or drinks on the Internet.
Example
Baybipcak fried dough pieces
MaraH Gayblpcak yHangbi/maraH 6aybipcak yHamangbl.
Ka3bl horse meat sausage

KbiMbI3 fermented horse milk
LWy6ar fermented camel milk
Camca stuffed dough
«Paxar» kamnutTepi Rakhat candies
«baxyc» wapabbl Bacchus wine
«®dyn mactep» alpaHbl Food Master kefir
You are making plans for the weekend. Enter the conversation. Make
sure to use the Kazakh structure that expresses ‘let us’. You take the
part of the second speaker. »
FRIEND [emanbicTa He icTenmia?

You [Say: let's go to Kolsay lake.]
FRIEND bBapcak 6apaiblk. MawuHemeH 6apamblis 6a?
YOU [Say: let's go by bus.]
FRIEND ApMmaHibl Wwakbipanblk na?
YOU [Say: Let me call Arman, and you should call Aizhan.]
Unit Nine
Bi3aiH ynre KOHakKKa KeniHi3
Please come and visit our home
p In this unit you will learn how to:

¢ invite guests and visit acquaintances
e order a meal in a café
¢ say that you can or cannot do something
¢ say that you ‘want’ to do something
Bi3fiH ynre koHakka keniHia! Come and visit us!

(CD 2; 10)
Aigul is about to invite Stacy to her home.
AAMYN Craiicn, ceHiH otbaceiHabl 6i3aiH yire KoHakka

WakblpaitbiH aen ediMm. CeHaepre Kal KyH blHFalsnbl?
cTancn Paxmet Anryn. Bype 6onman-aK KoNCaHLWbl.
ACYN biagiH yAaeH gam TatbiHaap. Ot6ackiMmeH
TaHbICTbIPaAMbIH.
CTaCU MeHiH Ae ceHiH oTOacbiHMeH TaHbICKbIM Kenegai.
AArYN Ochbl ceHbipe Tycki acka kene anacbiHaap ma?
cracu Cebi kyHi KonbiMbI3 6OC, kene anambl3.
Anryn Kenictik. CeHbi kyHi 6apnbifblHaObI TYCKI acka KyTeMis.
Unit 9: Please come and visit our home 131
- Vocabulary
KOHaKKa keny to visit as a guest
KOHaKKa LWaKbIpy to invite as a guest
aype 6onmaii-aK KoncaHuWwbl please don't bother
KenicTik agreed
L KYTY to wait, expect
Kazakhs pride themselves on being hospitable. Once you make

Kazakh acquaintances, it is likely that you will be invited to their
house. Kazakhs invite guests by saying Bi3giH yire koHakka keninia
‘Come and be our guest’ or even YinaeH AaM TaTbiKbI3 ‘Taste food
at our house.’
When you are invited, a common way of responding is by saying,
as one of the speakers does in Dialogue 1, that the host should
not go to the trouble: Paxmert. Oype 6onmait-aK KoMbiHbI3 ‘Thank
you. But please don't bother.' This is merely a conventional reply,
not a refusal. Actually declining an invitation should not be done
lightly.
Try not to visit a Kazakh house with empty hands. Always bring
canempgeme ‘a small gift’. This could be a box of tea or chocolates,
or any item destined for the oldest or youngest members of the
host family.
The host will probably welcome you by saying, TepneTiHis ‘come
to the tér', Tepre wbiIfbIHbI3 literally: ‘climb to the t6r', or tepre
OTbIpbIHLI3 ‘take a seat at the tér'. The tér is the place of honour,
in a room or at a table, typically situated on the farthest end from
the entrance.
After you have been welcomed at the entrance, take off your shoes.
Then, enjoy your stay.
132 Unit 9: Bi3ain yire KoHaKKa KeniHi3
@< olle]lle V=W

Tepre wbibiHbI3! Come to the tér! (CD 2; 11)
Aigul welcomes Stacy and her family at the door.
AWrYn Kow kenpinianep!

CT3CH AmaHcbianap ma? KanpapbiHbla kanain?
AArYN Paxmer. Kenivianep. Tepre wbifbiHbI3aap.
CT3lCH Aiiryn, MbiHay MaMaHa asfgaraH conemgemMe, afbinbiH
Lani.
ANrYN Paxmet Ctancu. MamMam ywwiH eH XaKcbl CbIAfbIK WA,
A friendly chat ensues.
AANYN DacrapxaHra keniHisgep. Wew gavibiH 6onabi.
MAMACbI Tepre oTbipbiHbI3Aap. Tamak anbiHbliagap.
AMYN KasakTap bICTbIK KOO wanai cytneH iwegi. Ciagepre ge
CyTneH KyanblH 6a?
CcTancu MeH cyTneH iwemiH, an 6ananap cyTci3 iwep;j.
AVIrYN blcTuik HGaybipcak anbiHbiagap. ban KocbiniFaH Yak-4ak xen
KepiHiaaep.
CT3MCH Baybipcak kaHaaw asmail baybipcakTbl coHaan xakcbl
KepeMmiH, bipak nicipe anmaiMbIH.
AArYN KanacaH MeH cafaH GayblpCcakTbiH peuenTiH xa3sbin
Gepeliiv.
CTancu Tamawa! WeniH KaHaain gemai, Tarbl 6ip kece Wak KyWbin
Gepuui.
| Kow xengiHiapepl welcome!
CbIMNbIK gift, present

AacTtapxad table set with food
i KOI0 WK strong tea
6an KocbinraH honey added
xen KepiHia please, taste it

Kanay to prefer
ldioms to remember
There are two idioms containing the word koHak ‘guest’ that
are well worth remembering:
KoHakka wakbipy is a verb that means ‘to invite someone

to one’s house as a guest’. In Dialogue 1, for example,
one of the speakers says ceHiH oT6acbiHabl Gi3AiH
yhre KOHaKKa wWakbipanbliH gen egim ‘| would like to
invite you and your family to our house.’
KoHakka 6apy is a verb that means ‘to visit someone’s

home as a guest’. For example, after visiting someone’s
house, you can say AArynain yhiHe KoHakka 6apabim ‘|
visited Aigul’s house as a guest.’
Another idiom that is commonly used to issue an invitation

is yhaeH aam Taty, which literally means ‘to taste food at
someone’s house’. For example, as one of the speakers in
Dialogue 1 says, bisniH yhaeH pam TaTtbinpap ‘Taste food at
our house.’
Finally, one of the speakers in Dialogue 1 says that her
family is free on Saturday by using the following idiom: CeHGi
KYHi KonbiMbI3 60c (literally: ‘our hands are free on Saturday’).
Konbl 60oc 6ony is a commonly used idiom, but notice that it
contains a possessive ending, which, as we have seen in Unit
3, changes according to the subject. For example: konbim 60c
‘my hand is free’, konbiMbI3 60cC ‘our hands are free', Konbi
6oc ‘his/her hand is free’, onapabiH Konbl 6oc ‘their hands are
free’.
To turn this phrase into a question, add the particle na to the
adjective 6oc ‘free’. For example: xonbixbI3 60c na? ‘is your
hand free?’, kongapbiH 60c na? ‘are your hands free?’. To put
this phrase in the negative, add the word emec ‘not’. For exam-
ple: konbiM 60c eMmec ‘my hand is not free’, konbiMbI3 GocC
emec ‘our hands are not free’.
134 Unit 9: Biaain yitlre KoHakka keninis
p Language point
1 How to say that you ‘can’ or ‘cannot’ do
something
As we have seen in Unit 6, when you want to state or ask for permis-
sion in Kazakh, follow the main verb of the sentence with the auxiliary
verb 6ony ‘to be’. For example:
Weiryra 6onaasbl. You may leave.

Cy iwyre 6onmanabl. You may not drink the water.
KyHae y3ak oTbipyra You may not sit in the sun
6onmanabl. too long.
The phrases above are the Kazakh equivalents of the English modal verb
‘may (not)’: they are used to express or deny permission. By contrast,
the Kazakh equivalents of the modal verb ‘can (not)’ are always used
to express something else: the ability (or not) to perform an action.
When you want to say that someone ‘can’ or ‘cannot’ do something,
add to the main verb one of the endings a, e or i, follow the main
verb with the auxiliary verb any ‘to take’, and conjugate the auxiliary
verb in the right tense and person. (For a more detailed explanation of
how to conjugate a verb such as any, see Unit 4, Language point 1.)
As for the endings that can be added to the main verb, choose
the ending on the basis of the principle of vowel harmony only. If
the main verb ends on a vowel, choose the ending W. For example:
oiHa-n. In combination with the conjugated form of any, the full
phrase could look as follows:
MuaHnHO OMHa anambiH. I can play the piano.

Opbicwa cennen anambliH. | can speak Russian.
If the main verb ends on a consonant, add one of the endings a or

e. If the last syllable of the verb contains a back vowel, choose the
ending that is itself a back vowel: a. For example: xa3s-a. If the last
syllable of the verb contains a front vowel, choose the ending that is
itself a front vowel: e. For example: xy3e-e. In combination with the
conjugated forms of any, the full phrases could look as follows:
X a3a anagpl. He/she can write.

Xy3e anapbl. He/she can swim.
There are only a few exceptions. Verbs such as oky ‘to read’ and
ecty ‘to hear’ take the ending n. For example: ok-u anagbi ‘he/she
can read’, ecT-u anagbl ‘he/she can hear'. Verbs such as Kot ‘to
put on’ take the ending sa. For example: kambip xana anambiH ‘| can
roll out dough.’
To turn a phrase with ‘can’ or ‘cannot’ into a question, follow the
conjugated form of the auxiliary verb any with one of the question
particles 6a or ma. Choose the question particle on the basis of the
principle of consonant assimilation. For a more detailed explanation
of question particles, see Unit 1.
If the personal ending of the conjugated form of any ends on H,
H, or 3, follow it with the particle 6a. For example:
Baysipcak nicipe anacbiH 6a? Can you make baursak?

MawwuHe xyprise anacbi3 6a? Can you drive a car?
If the personal ending of the conjugated form of any ends on a vowel

or on the consonant p, follow it with the particle ma. For example:
Ocbl ceHbipe Tycki acka kene Can you come to lunch

anacbiHaap ma? this Saturday?
On oku ana ma? Can he/she read?
Finally, to put a phrase with ‘can’ or ‘cannot’ in the negative, add the
negative ending Ma and the connecting letter i to the auxiliary verb
any. For example:
MeH xyripe an-ma-n-MbiH. | cannot run.

On Tamak nicipe an-ma-m-gbl. He/she cannot cook.
For a more detailed explanation of how to put a present-tense verb

in the negative, see Unit 4.
Exercise 1 (cp 2; 12) ,@

In reply to each of the statements below, ask a question with 'can’. Use
the clues in brackets to formulate your questions. Afterwards you can
listen to the gquestions on the accompanying CD. »
Example AwxaH KbiTanaa xymbic icTensi. (kbiTaiia cemney)

On kbiTavwa cennen ana ma?
1 Meniy 6anam 6ip xacta. (xypy)

2 Xaspa 6i3 TeHisre Hapambi3. (Ky3y)
136 Unit 9. Bisain yitre KoHakka kenini3
3 MeHiH MawunHem Gap. (kypriay)

4 Ackap xyMbIC i3gen Xyp. (tamak nicipy)
5 Onap Tayna atka MiHepi. (aTka MiHy)
Exercise 2
Write down three things that you can do and three things that you
cannot do.
MeH anambliH.
MeH anambiH.
MeH anambiH.
MeH anManMblH.
MeH anManMblH.
MeH anManmbiH.
Exercise 3
You have three text messages on your cell phone, inviting you to go
somewhere. Give a short reply to each of the invitations by saying that
you can or cannot go.
-
Messages 3 new Reply 1
DapxaH (9:40)
EpTeH AMXaHHbIH TyfFaH
KyHi. «XKacbiH» kadeciHge.
Kewikne ©
Aiixan (10:30) Reply

Py 2
Conem! EpTteH Konbim
6oc. KuHora 6apainbik!
Ouna (10:45)
Menge Capa HalmaHHbIH
KOHUepTiHe eki 6GuneT 6ap. Reply 3
bapacbiH 6a? KoHuepT
epTeH Kellke.
Unit 9. Please come and visit our home 137
Dialogue 3 P
Cy iwkim kenin Typ | want to drink water
(CD 2; 13)
Arman and Zhanar are hungry and thirsty.
APMAH KyH kaHpai bicTblK! Cy iwkiM Kenin Typ, CyCbiH caTbin

ananblKWwbl.
WAHAP MeH ae wenaen TypMelH. blcTbik Wait iwkiM Kenin Typ.
APMAH KapHbim ga awbin Typ. AcxaHara Gapaiblk na?
WAHAP MeHiH ae Tamak iwkiMm kenin Typ, 6apcak Gapanbik.
Djle]lele V=Y 4P
Ma3ipae He 6ap ekeH? What is on the menu?
(CD 2; 14)
Arman and Zhanar are ordering food.
APMAH Maasipae He 6ap ekeH? Kybipaak, camca, kecne kexxe 6ap

ekeH. He kanawcbiH?
WAHAP MeH bICTbIK CaMca MeH LWan anambiH. CeH we?
APMAH MeH kecne Kexe, Lennek XxeHe epiK WbIPbIHbIH anambiH.
WAHAP Cyra TancbipblCc 6epyai yMmbITna.
APMAH [aflWbiHb! WaKbIpaibiH.
- Vocabulary @
CYCbIH drink, beverage Kecne kexe noodle soup
i wenpey to be thirsty wennek fried dough
KapHbl awy to be hungry WbipbIH juice
Ma3ip menu Tancbipeic 6epy to order
Kybipaak fried meat Aanwbl waiter or waitress
138 Unit 9: Biaain yire KoHaKka KeniHia
p Language point
2 How 1o say that you ‘want’ to do something
As we saw in Unit 8, when you make a polite request (for an action
or service to be performed), you can do so by using the Kazakh
phrase for ‘| would like to'. For example: Konabiy eTiH anaibiH gen
eAaim ‘I would like to buy some lamb.’ But in order to state your desire
or intention that you ‘want’ to do something, as we have seen several
speakers do in the dialogues above, you cannot use this pbrase.
Instead you have to create another idiomatic phrase, adding to the
main verb an ending that expresses ‘wanting’ (fbl, ri, Kbl or ki) as
well as a possessive ending (M, H, HbiI3/Hi3, cbl/ci, MblI3/Mi3), and
following the main verb with the third person singular auxiliary verb
keneai ‘comes’.
For example, to say ‘Il want to go’ in Kazakh, combine the verb
6ap ‘go’ with the ending #bi and the possessive ending M: 6ap-Fbi-m
(literally: ‘my wanting go’). Follow this verbal phrase with the third
person singular verb keneai. The result is 6aprbim kenegi, which
literally translates as ‘my wanting go comes’ but actually means
‘I want to go.’
Choose among the different endings that express ‘wanting’ on the
basis of the principles of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.
If the last syllable of the main verb contains a back vowel, add an
ending that contains a back vowel as well: £bil or Kbi. If the last syl-
lable of the main verb contains a front vowel, add an ending that
contains a front vowel as well: ri or ki.
Narrow your choice further by looking at the last letter of the main
verb. If the main verb ends on an unvoiced consonant, choose an
ending that begins with an unvoiced consonant: Kbl or ki. If the main
verb ends on anything else, choose the ending b1 or ri.
Now add a possessive ending. In two cases, you have only one
choice of ending: if the phrase is in the first person singular, add the
possessive ending M; if the phrase is in the informal second person
singular, add the possessive ending H.
In all other cases, your choice of possessive ending will be based
on vowel harmony, as all the endings that express ‘wanting’ end on
a vowel. If the ending that expresses ‘wanting’ ends on a front vowel
(ki or ri), add a possessive ending that contains a front vowel as well:
\nit 9: Please come and visit our home
Hi3, ci, mia. If the ending that expresses ‘wanting’ ends on a back
vowel (kbl or fbi), add a possessive ending that contains a back vowel
s well: HbI3, Cbl, MbI3.
In combination with the auxiliary verb keneagi ‘comes’, the full
phrase could look as follows:
MeHiH aH anT-Kbi-M Kenegi. | want to sing.

CeHiH cy iw-ki-H kenep,i. You want to drink.
Cisgin 6ap-Fbi-Hbl3 KeneAi. You want to go.
OHbIH Xy3-ri-Ci keneagi. He/she wants to swim.
Bi3ain xew-ki-mi3 kenegi. We want to move out.
CeHaepaiH Xyp-ri-H kenegi. You want to walk.
CizaepaiH KaTbIC-KbI-HbI3 KeneAi. You want to participate.
OnapabiH cenne-ri-ci kenegi. They want to speak.
As we saw in Unit 3, possession in Kazakh is expressed in two parts.

That is why all the examples above begin with a possessive pronoun.
However, as we also saw in Unit 3, possessive pronouns can be
dropped in natural speech. In Dialogues 1 and 3 of this unit, for
example, the speakers sometimes drop the possessive pronoun and
only retain the possessive ending:
Cy iwkim kenin Typ. I want to drink water.

Tamak iwkim kenin Typ. I want to eat.
CeHiH oT6aCbIHMEH TaHbICKbIM | want to meet your
Kenepi. family.
But when these speakers decide to emphasize that they really want
to do something, they add the possessive pronoun meHin ‘my’:
MeHiH e ceHiH oT6acbiHMeH I want to meet your

TaHbLICKLIM Keneai. family, too.
MeHiH ge Tamak iwkiMm kenin | want to eat, too.
TYP.
Also note that phrases that express ‘wanting’ can be conjugated in
different tenses. For instance, you can say: Cy iwkim kenepai ‘| want
to drink.’ But in order to emphasize that you are thirsty at the present
moment, you can also use the present progressive tense and say:
Cy iwkim kenin Typ ‘I'm wanting to drink.’ For a more detailed explan-
ation of how to put together the present progressive tense in Kazakh,
see Unit 7.
140 Unit 9: Bi3nin yAre xoHakka keniHis
To turn a phrase that expresses ‘wanting’ into a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ ques-

tion, add the question particle me after the auxiliary verb kenegi
‘comes’, but drop the ending ai. For example: Cy iwkiH kene me?
‘Do you want to drink?’ To put the question in the progressive tense,
follow the auxiliary verb Typ with the question particle ma. For example:
Cy iwkiH kenin Typ ma? ‘Are you wanting to drink?’
To put a phrase that expresses ‘wanting’ in the negative, add the
negative auxiliary verb ken-me-i-gi ‘does not come’. For example:
Tamag iwkim xenmengi ‘| don’t want to eat.” To put this phrase
in the progressive tense, use the negative word xok. For example:
Tamak iwkiM kenin TypfraH %ok ‘I’'m not wanting to eat.’

You have a guest at home. Ask whether your guest wants to do one of
the following. Afterwards you can listen to the resulting questions on the
'Y accompanying CD.
Example 6ip Hapce iwy (‘drink something’)

bip Hapce iWkiHi3 Kene me?
Tamag iwy (‘eat’)

WN =
aemany (‘rest’)
doTocypeT kepy (‘see photos’)
MeWMaHxaHara bapy (‘go to a restaurant’)
ks
KMHO kepy (‘watch a movie’)

O
Exercise 5
Using the clues below, say what you want to do and what you do not
want to do.
Ka3akwa cenney (‘speak Kazakh’)

2
KasakcTaHnfa bapy (‘go to Kazakhstan’)

WD
Yiire TenedoH cory (‘call home’)

TybicTapabl kepy (‘see my relatives’)
ONOOOE
HocTapbiMa KoHakka 6apy (‘visit friends’)

OemanbicTa KoHak wakbipy (‘invite guests this weekend’)
EpTeH epte Typy (‘get up early tomorrow’)
ByriH TyHae kew xaty (‘go to bed late tonight’)
Exercise 6 (D 2; 16) @
Dimash is a 10-year-old boy. Spell out the things he wants to do and
Ihe things he does not want to do. Afterwards you can listen to the
answers on the accompanying CD. )
' Mamara kemektecy? ) Teneauaap kepy!!! Anmaw He icTerici

e Keneni?
w
Ca6aK kapay?
EacceMHre Gapy!!! Oumawu He icTerici

Kenmenai?
Exercise 7 (cD 2;17) @

A friend invites you to her home. Enter the conversation. Make sure to
use the Kazakh structures that express ‘can’ and ‘want’. You take the
part of the second speaker. N
FRIEND biagiH yiaeH nam TaTbin keT. EpTeH yakbiTbiH 6ap ma?
YOU Say: thank you very much, but | cannot come tomorrow.
FRIEND Xyma KyHi kewke kene anacolH 6a?
YOU Say: yes, | can come Friday evening.
FRIEND KenicTik. X\yma kyHi kewke kytemis. Kangan Taramabl yHatacbIiH?
YOu Say: | want to try besbarmak. Can you cook besbarmak?
FRIEND XKakcbl, 6ewbapmak xacan KosiiblH.
Unit Ten
Ka3ip a3sip
Ready to serve
In this unit you will learn how o

s speak about cooking and recipes
¢ add a direct object to a verb
¢ use adverbs of manner
e
Bayblipcak xacayabl yupeH Learn how to cook
baursak (CD 2; 18)
Aigul is showing Stacy how to make baursak.
AMFYn Baybipcak xacay yuwiH 6iare 1 kunorpamm aK yH, XapTb!

nuTp Xbinbl cyT, 200 rpamm epitinreH capsl Maw, 2 Wan
KacblK Kyprak awbITKbl, 1XTP ecimaik Manbl oHe Ty3
Kepex.
CT3ncu MyMbIpTKa Kocy Kepek ne?
AAMYN MeH XyMBIpTKachla xacaniMbiH. BaybipcakTbl XYMbIPTKAChI3
KacacaHbla XyMmcarbipaK 6onaapi.
CTancKn KaHT cany kepek ne?
AACYN Bbaybipcak TaTTipek 6ony ywiH a3nan kaHT canyra 6onagpl.
cTancu Ecre 6oncbiH.
AATYN AngbiMeH CyTTi, capbl Manabl, alWbITKbl MEH KaHTTbI
Kakcbinan apanacTbipbin, KaXeTiHWe Ty3 KOCbin, albiTKbl
Unit 10: Ready to serve 143
OaiblHAAN anbiHbI3. ¥HAbI WYHFLIN asKkka canbin,

aWbITKbIHBI KyWbIN, XyMCaK KaMblp uneHia. MneHrex
KaMbIpAblH 6eTiH CynriMeH aybin, Xbifbl Xxepre
KOWMbIHbI3.
cToncn KaHwa yakbitka?
AnrYn 1 caratka. Kambip 1 cafaTTa keTepineai. KetepinreH
KaMblpAbl OKTayMeH XanbiHbia. XKanbinFaH kambipasl
neHrenexkren Hemece TepTOypbILITAN KeCiHi3.
crancyt TyciHikTi.
AATYN Baybipcak Kybipy ywin 6i3re KasaH x@He ynkeH
Kencep Kaxert. ©cimaik MaibiH Ka3aHfa Kyibin, Manab!
KblaablpbiHbl3. EHAI 6aybipcakTbl MaitFa canbin,
acblknan KyblpbiHbi3. Mait KaTTbl Kblabin KeTce, OTbiH
a3alTbiHbI3.
\(ocobulory %B
YH flour apanactbipy to mix
xapTbl half WyHFbin aRK deep bowl
| epity to melt Kambip uney to knead dough
capbl mau butter oKray rolling pin
j wak KacblK teaspoon wao to roll out, to spread
! KYpFaK dry KybIpY to fry

E aWbIKTLI yeast Ka3aH deep pan made of
steel or cast iron
| WYMBIpTKZ egg
| Kocy to add Kbi3bin keTy to be overheated
Language point @\
1 How to add a direct object to a verb
Compare the following phrases from Dialogue 1:
6aybipcax nicipy to cook baursak

6aybipcaKTbl MaitFa canbiHbi3 put the baursak into the oil
144 Unit 10: Kasip a3ip
In both phrases, the nouns referring to baursak have the function of

direct object: they add essential information to the main verb. Notice
that each time the direct object precedes the verb. This is because
in Kazakh sentences (as we have discussed more fully in the intro-
duction), verbs always come at the end.
Also notice that the first noun refers to the entire category of
baursak, while the second noun refers to a more specific number
of baursak (i.e. the ones that have been prepared according to the
recipe). However, in the first phrase the noun takes no ending while
in the second phrase the noun takes an accusative ending. Why?
To give a direct object a specific point of reference, you cannot
use the definite article ‘the’ (as you would in English), since articles
do not exist in Kazakh. Instead you have to add one of six accusative
endings: HbI/Hi, TbiTi or Abl/Ai.
If the direct object ends on a vowel, add the ending Hbl or Hi. If
the direct object contains a back vowel, choose the ending that
contains a back vowel as well: Hbl. If it contains a front vowel, choose
the ending that contains a front vowel as well: Hi. For example:
AnmMa-Hbl Xy. Wash the apple.

Tepe3e-Hi xxabyra 6ona ma? Can | close the window?
If the direct object ends on an unvoiced consonant, add the ending

Thi or Ti. If the direct object contains a back vowel, choose the end-
ing that contains a back vowel as well: Til. If it contains a front vowel,
choose the ending that contains a front vowel as well: Ti. For example:
TopT-Tbl Xewnik. Let us eat the cake.

Ecik-Ti awbin xiGepiKiswi. Please open the door.
If the direct object ends on one of the consonants B, n, M, H, K, p,

y or 3, add the ending abl or ai. If the direct object contains a back
vowel, choose the ending that contains a back vowel as well: gbl. If
it contains a front vowel, choose the ending that contains a front
vowel as well: gi. For example:
MbiHa XypHan-gbl OKbIfbIH Do you want to read this

xene me? magazine?
KomnbioTep-ai eHpen Can you repair the
anacbiy 6a? computer?
tinit 10: Ready to serve 145
I towever, if the direct object ends on a possessive ending (cbt, cl,

L1, or i), always add the accusative ending H. Look, for example, at
the instructions one of the speakers gives in Dialogue 1: kaMmbIpAbIK
6eTi-H cynrimeH xabbIHbI3 ‘cover the surface of the dough with a
lowel’, Kka3aHfa eciMaik ManMbl-H KyMbiHbI3 ‘pour the vegetable oil
into the kazan’.
As direct objects that are in the possessive always refer to specific
things, they always take an accusative ending. Consider also the
following examples: «ABaTap» KMHOCbI-H KOpYiH kepek ‘you should
watch the movie Avatar’, MyfaniMHi{ kiTabbiH Gepyim kepek ‘|
have to return the teacher’s book.’” For a more detailed discussion of
possessive endings, see Unit 3.
As pronouns always refer to specific persons, they, too, take an
accusative ending. Following the principles of vowel harmony and
consonant assimilation, the pronouns of the first, second and third
person plural as well as the polite form of the pronoun of the second
person singular take the following accusative endings: 6i3-gi, cenaep-ai,
ciagep-ai, onap-aAbl, ci3-ai. Note, however, that the pronouns of the
first, second and third person singular take an ending that consists
of a single vowel: MeH-i, CeH-i, OH-bl.
By contrast, add no accusative ending if the frame of reference
of the direct object is rather general. By ‘rather general’ are meant
two situations: one in which the frame of reference is so general
that in English you would use neither a definite article (‘the’) nor an
indefinite article (‘a’ or ‘an’), and one in which the frame of refer-
ence is such that in English you would use an indefinite article. For
example:
ET xerim kenegi. | want to eat meat.

Ocimaikrep caTbin anambiH. | buy vegetables.
Banmy3fnak xenik. Let us eat an ice-cream.
Lan iwkim kenin Typ. | would like to drink tea.
HaH TypaibiH 6a? Shall | cut bread?
In short, keep in mind two rules when adding a direct object to a

Kazakh sentence. Always introduce the direct object before the verb
and always add an accusative ending to the direct object when it
refers to something specific.
Exercise 1
Below are, in no particular order, the instructions of a recipe for making
a beetroot salad. Put the instructions in the right order (by numbering
them) and add the correct accusative endings.
KbI3blNWwa___ nicipiHi3
Ooo0oooooo
capbiMCak___ apiiblHbI3
capbIMCaK NeH XaHfFaK__ Kbi3binwara KOoCbiHbI3
1-2 ac KacblKk MakoHe3 KOCbIHbI3
canaT___ apanacTtbipblHbl3
KbI3blMLUa MEH CapbIMCaK____ YKKILUTEH OTKi3iHi3
XaHfaKT___ YHTaKTaHbI3
Kbi3blNa__ WYHFbIN biablcKka CanbIHbI3
Exercise 2 (cb 2: 19)

Below are instructions for preparing Kazakh tea with milk. Listen to them
fl on the accompanying CD and underline the accusative endings.
4
KasaKrap wawai cyTneH iweai xeHe WeraiH bICTbIK, Ko GonFaHbiH
Kanangel. Kasakrap wweWaiH TyciHe Kapamabl: KO WaWMeH Mainbl
CYTTiH KOCbIHAbICH! LUSIFa epekwe Tyc 6epep;.
MyHaai weiai ganbiHAay YLWiH, XoFapbl cananbl YHAI WaKiH aHe
Mawnb! CYTTi KonaaHfaH aypbic. AnabIMeH cyabl KanHaTbIHbI3. LLanHekTi
6ip peT bICTLIK CyMEH WanblHbl3. EHAi WaiHekke eki-yl Kacblk LWan
canblHbl3. YCTIHEH KarhHaraH cyabl KyibiHbI3. KOO Wai WbiFapy yLiH,
LWIBAHEKTIH KaknafbiH Xaybin, cynrimeH 6ypken KowbiHbI3. Lai
LWblKKAHLLA CYTTi XbINbITbIHBI3. Kecere azaan cyT KyWbin, WaWAI OHbIH
YCTiHEH KyMbiHbI3. Laigi capbingatnan »oeHe keceHi TONTLIpMan Ky
kepek. Lok yChiHFAHAa KeceHi KOC KONMEH ycTay Kepek.
Ka3ak MaaeHueTiHae LWal AaibiHAay XaHe LB Ky alenaep YLiH
ynkeH cbiH. Kasakrap 6yn pacim avenaiH TepbueciHin kepiHici gen
ceHepni. [lacTypni ka3aK MaaeHWeTIiHAe ep aaamaap Wan KyiMmanabl.
Exercise 3 @
Translate the following sentences into Kazakh. Keep in mind that some
pronouns take an unusual accusative ending when they have the func-
tion of direct object. You may look up unfamiliar words in the glossary.
I invite you for lunch.

WD -
She/he does not know me.

They don’t see us.
Are you looking for her/him?
hAsE
We will choose you [polite form].

O
Will you buy them?

~NOoO
We don't like them.
Exercise 4 (cp z 20) @

Below are instructions that you are likely to encounter on the screen of
a Kazakh cash machine. Fill in the missing accusative endings. Then n
listen to how the instructions are pronounced on the accompanying CD. i
There will be enough time for you to repeat after the voice.
1 Kpegut kapta____ eHri3iHia. (‘Insert the card.’)

2 KaxetTi Tin___ TaHaaHbl3.
(‘Choose the appropriate language.’)
3 KaxeTTi KbiIaMeT____ TaHOdaHbIa.
(‘Choose the service you require.’)
4 MuH KoAbIHbI3____ eHri3iHi3. (‘Insert your pin code.’)
5 KaxetTi coma____ TepiHis. (‘Enter the necessary sum.’)
Common verbs that take direct objects
yHary to like Kocy to turn on

XaKCbl Kepy to love ewiipy to turn off
any to take Kepy to see, to watch
6epy to give TaHdy to be acquainted
Koo to put on wakbIpy to invite
Kyto to pour woranty to lose
cany to put in isgey to look for
catbin any to buy Taby to find
Tanaay to choose
L § Diclogue 2 |
Ty3bl xete me? Is it salted enough? (CD 2; 21)
Arman is helping Asel to prepare dinner.
APMAH Tyy, wici MypbIH xapaab!! He nicipin »aTbipcbiH?

9CENn Kewki acka nafmaH xacan »aTbIpMbiH.
APMAH Kemek kepek ne?
SCEn Kepek. MnuTaHbl KOCbIN, YNKeH KacTpenre Ccy kanHar.
APMAH Kactpenai TonTbipaiibiH 6a?
8CEN Wa, cyabl ToNTbipbin Kyi. CoycThiH A3MiH TaTbin KepLui.
Ty3bl xeTe mMe?
APMAH MwmMm, kepemeT gampai, bipak Ty3bl asfnay ekeH.
9CEN OHpa Ty3 canavibiH. KpizaHak neH kusapaaH canar xacan xibepuui.
APMAH Yapavigbl. Ty3ablKTbl HEQeH XKacanbiH?
OCENn 38iTYH Malibl MEH NMMMOH LWbIPbIHbIHAH Xaca. A3gan wue
CipKke CyblH KOC — KbilKbIN GONCLIH.
APMAH HanuiH. Wsira Ta1Ti Bip Hapce Gap ma?
9CEN ToHa3bITKbIWTA TATTI TOKaWTap Typ. TokawTapra Kpemai
Xarbin, yCTiHE Kapa LoKonaga NeH Tyihe XaHfFaKTbl Yritin can.
APMAH YkKilw kan xeppe?
9CENn YKKiL eKiHWi TapTnaga.
{ Vocdbulqry‘-
nafrmaH noodles with sauce
KecTpen pot
KanHaTy to boil
AeMiH TaTy to taste
TY3AbIK dressing
cipke cybl vinegar

KbIWKLIN sour
TOHa3bITKbIW refrigerator
TOKawW pastry
yKKiw grater
ldioms to remember
Use the idiom uici MypbiH xapagab! (literally: ‘its smell explodes
one’s nose') when you want to express your admiration for the
smell, scent or aroma of something (whether food or perfume).
This idiom can best be translated as ‘it smells so good’.
Use the idiom xacan xi6ep (literally: ‘making send it') when
you want to encourage someone to do something fast. All
phrasal verbs that contain the verb xi6epy ‘to send’ idiomati-
cally mean to do something fast. For example:
AnTbin xiGep. Say it fast.

YcTten xacan xibep. Set the table fast.
Exercise 5(cp 2; 22) @

Match each of the nouns in the left column with an adjective in the right
column. The nouns refer to foodstuffs and the adjectives to experiences
of taste. You may look up unfamiliar words in the glossary. Afterwards A
you can listen to the complete phrases on the accompanying CD.
1 anma nemai (‘tasty’)
2 nanayabiH TaTTi (‘sweet’)
3 KbIMbI3 KbILWKbIN (‘sour’)
4 copnaHbIH awrTs! (‘bitter’)
5 6ypuiw Ty3abl (‘salty’)
6 er Ty3bl ken (‘too salty’)
7 ac Ty3bl a3 (‘not salted enough’)
Language point q
2 How to use adverbs of manner
In Unit 4 we discussed adverbs of time and in Unit 3 adverbs of

place. Here we turn to adverbs of manner, which have an unusual
form in that they consist of a verb, noun or adjective followed by an
ending. In a Kazakh sentence an adverb of manner always appears
between the direct object and the verb. For example: N'ynaep xawunan
awsbinaabl ‘The flowers open slowly.’
Adverbs of manner that derive from verbs have the same form as
participles that are used to express the progressive tense in Kazakh.
(For a more detailed discussion of endings in the progressive tense,
see Unit 7, Language point 1.) Some of the adverbs of manner that
the speakers in the dialogues above use, for example, derive from
verbs: cyabl TonTbipbIn KyR ‘pour water in to fill it’ (literally: ‘pour
water filling it up’), wokonaaTeL! yritin can ‘grate the chocolate on
top’ (literally: ‘put the chocolate grating it’).
To turn a verb into an adverb of manner, add the ending bin, in
or n to the stem of the verb. If the verb contains a back vowel, add
the ending biIn. If the verb contains a front vowel, add the ending in.
If the verb ends on a vowel, add the ending n. For example:
XarT-bIn oKbIMa. Do not read lying down.

KapronTtb! xec-in can. (literally: ‘Put the potatoes cutting’.)
AKwaHbl caHa-n 6ep. (literally: ‘Give the money counting’.)
To put this kind of adverb in the negative, add first the negative ending
and then the ending n to the verb: 6aybipcakTbl acbiK-na-A Kybip
(literally: ‘fry baursak not hurrying’). For a more detailed discussion of
negative endings, see Unit 4.
Adverbs of manner are often used in the negative. Consider also
TamakTbl acbiKnawn iwy Kepek. One should eat not hurrying.

Xacbipman ainr. Tell not hiding.
Epin6en okbl. Study not being lazy.
Several adverbs of manner can be put together in the same sentence.

For example, in Dialogue 1, one of the speakers says: ¥HAbl WYKFbIN
afKKa canbin, aWbITKbiHbI KYMbIN, XXYMCaK KambIp unexi3 ‘Putting
the flour into a deep bowl, pouring the leaven in, knead it to make a
soft dough.’
As we have noted above, adverbs of manner need not derive from
verbs: they can also derive from nouns or adjectives. In this case, add
one of the endings nan/nen, pgan/aen, or Tan/ren to the noun or
adjective. Choose among these endings on the basis of the principles
of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.
If the noun or adjective contains a back vowel, add one of the
endings that contains a back vowel as well: nan, aan, or tan. If
Unit 10: Ready fo serve 151
the noun or adjective contains a front vowel, add one of the endings
that contains a front vowel as well: nen, aen, or ten. Narrow your
choice of ending on the basis of consonant assimilation.
If the noun or adjective ends on a vowel, or on one of the conson-
ants wn or p, choose the ending nan or nen. For example:
CanaTtrbl XaKcbi-nan apanacrbIp. Stir the salad well.

Kuimgeppni agemi-nen Sykre. Fold the clothes nicely.
If the noun or adjective ends on an unvoiced consonant, choose the

ending Tan or Ten. For example:
lWanai aypbic-tan weirap. Brew the tea correctly.

KaMbipabl AeHrenek-ten Keciis. (Literally: ‘Cut the dough
rounding it.")
If the noun or adjective ends on one of the sonorants n, M, H, H,

or on the voiced consonant 3, choose the ending aan or gen. For
example:
KauTTbl a3-aan Koc. Add sugar a little bit.

KamepaHbl ke3-gen ycra. (Literally: ‘Keep the camera
focusing.’)

Drawing on what you have just learned about adverbs of manner,
translate the following phrases into Kazakh. You may look up unfamiliar
words in the glossary. Then listen to the resulting phrases on the g g
accompanying CD.
Example Mix well. Xakcbinan apanactbip
Study well.
WN =2
Don’t come late.

Speak without shouting.
Walk without hurrying.
b~
Drink without spilling it.

A
Exercise 7 (CD 2 24) V@

On p. 152 you will find a recipe as presented on a popular Kazakh food
blog (http://aspazdik.wordpress.com). While reading the recipe, you can
also listen to it on the accompanying CD.
jHI9oU0g 2y eHidioil Leied [idex aimau Hesnadiageay eue-HiIqoLUe
lLmiueq "eHoTHeD |Lmieg HoWdIGWeY HeIMOY Yeueg |ITHT "eIgHI9X IaTderenure
SHILOA ‘uiquex 1Iardiawed Heslrel ‘e EI9HIGWoY yaueg HUIueg |/¢ HiIagdiawey ‘eHidime
19410 ‘eifHeisdeowix deLrenLny ‘€19HIGUON BYLO ABBQ IGHISITHIGO0N ‘UIG00Y UBW SHEX
1HEN ‘YesHex ‘HiIamdel eidewrenlry -erisHedAL uermiadAgidel ‘uiamde 1azdeuenwre ITHg
“woday IAutdaiex diawey “eiqHIanoN BYLAHUMIW Q| 81dax 19Uk ‘LISABRXK HILSQ HiIardiawe'y
‘eHauM diawed NedWwAx ‘UI9ooN 1IaLmisiLI9ouoN diaweN Haw HuuuHeg elaHIauAN
19HeN LdIaWAK Haaymdiuex e HaIULIIA EHILIMdIuex HaTge aidig HauLHeY ‘uiadex
(2e) deueudon 19rdevreLdianiok Hinax HerO eHILLIA LBLIGOYEX ‘U990 BIHA ISTYEW ‘HaWIQLY LaxeN
(01) detwesel WaLLLX
(01) dermireg Hiamdey HA HBeYEelD ¢
(9g) deuennuyy SesHex Hexelo 1aidex | miakLgouoy diawey di /2
(e€) derdoy vew 19ded M1qoed vem | 1HEY Hexelo 1[aidex
(0z) derrdeosyf enue 4 edidianix ¢
(¢e) derieuen HUUWHEes vew 19ded d1 oz
(G1) Iadernesel Niqueq
(92) 1ade’weselr 15 :81€19 HIMA ABOBX HIMIUEQ BWLY
(p2) 'dieenw HiaHWiI900Y] jiIfwer o1g jeHiden ueoe)K "Wiare uiaAel HoHWIdaLUET BgERX MOD ILuanad UAg
deufede] Imiueg BALY
Niqarceudy 19ioug HiIaHeduaaue
: acnaaabik cooking
1 Ganlw pie
KaMblip KONCbITKbILW baking powder
! AAPWbIH cinnamon
| wapy to crack
yrity to mince
xenipwiry to whip
keteplny to be raised
wymcapy to become soft
G6any slowly
G6enik part
6enex separate
wary to spread
caHpey to decorate
anabiH-ana KbiagbipbinFad preheated
b]lelleolo N3]
\\
Acna3abiK Typanbl 6nor — eKiHWi XyMbICbIM

This food blog is my second job (CD 2; 25) O
Food blogger Elvira is talking about her blog with a journalist.
TIAW ByriHri cyx6aTbiMblablH KOHaFbl — Bnorwsl 3nbBupa

Hyp6ain. 3nbBupa, acnaagblk Typansl Onor Gactayra He
acep eTTi?
3NbLBUPA Bnor xasy xaHa Masipnepmen 6enicyniH xaHe
TaFaMm Xainsl Nikip anbiCyabiH Tamalua Xonbl aen
OMNanMbiH.
TINW Bbnorrafbl Masipnepai oiaaH WwbirapacolH 6a?
3NbBUPA BapnbifblH oMaaH WbiFapMaiMbliH, kerbip masipnepai
MamaMHaH ynpeHeMiH, kenbipeyiH AocTapbiMHaH
anambiH.
TINWI ©3iHHiH, cyWnikTi ma3ipiH 6ap ma?
154 Unit 10: Kasip aaip
anLBUPA CyilikTi masipnepim ken. bipak 6norbimaa kebiHe

Ka3aKTblH YNTTLIK TafamaapbliH TaHbICTbIPYAbl YHATAMbIH.
TINWI Kasak TaramgapbliHAafbl €H MaHblagbl MHIPEAUEHT He?
3NLBUPA On kynua emec! SpuHe, eTl
TinwWw TaramaapbiHbI3abIH €H 6acTbl CbIHLWbLICHI KiIM?
3NbBUPA TaramaapbIMHbIH AeMiH TaTbin kepin, 6aracbiH GepeTiH
MeHiH oTbacbiM: Nanam, Mamam XaHe iHIM.
. 6acTay to start
acep ety to have an impact
Genicy to share
nikip ansicy to exchange opinions
»on way
oWaaH wbirapy to come up with, to create
Kynua secret
CbiHWbI judge
Gara Gepy to evaluate

Enter the conversation. You tell a friend how to make a salad dressing.
O You take the part of the second speaker.
.
FRIEND Canatka MauoHe3 KocanbiH 6a?
You [Say: no, add a dressing.]
FRIEND KaHpai TyaablK xacanbiH?
YOU [Say: prepare a dressing from olive oil and lemon juice.]
FRIEND OHbl kanaWw xxacanabl?
YOU [Say: take three tablespoons of olive oil, a little bit of lemon
juice, salt, pepper and sugar.]
FRIEND EHAi He icTeAmMiH?
YOU [Say: put them in a bowl and mix them well.]
Unit Eleven
Byn MeHiH enuwemiMm emec
It is not my size

¢ talk about shopping
¢ indicate what your plans are
¢ talk about clothing items
¢ make adjectives from nouns
e compare things and persons
¢ use the passive voice
el
He catbin anmakwbicbiH? What do you plan
to buy? (CD 2; 27) O
Stacy and Aigul are discussing their plans for the weekend.
AAYNT [emansbicta He icTemekciHaep?

cTancn Jlopa ekeyimia AykeH apanamaknbia.
Arryn Kangan aykengepre 6apmakcbiigap?
CTaNCK Kuim xaHe asik KMiM aykeHaepiHe, ofaH KeniH
3NeKTpOoHAbIK Tayapnap caTaTbiH AykeHre 6apMaknbis.
AAryYn XKibek XXonbl Kkewecivgeri cayna opranbiKrapbiHa
6apcaHgap, ocbl AykeHaepaiH, 6apnuiFbl 6ap. He catbin
anMakcbiHaap?
156 Unit 11: Byn MeHiH enwemim emec
CTaNCKU MeH e3iMe eTik caTbin ananbiH Aen egiM, Jlopara xasrbl
Tychnu xoaHe 6ac kmiM kepek. XKaHe koMmnbloTep
wababiKTapbiH caTbin anybiM Kepex.
ACYN MeH ocbl geManbicta 3eprepnik aykeHre 6apbin, CbIANbIK
anmakwbiMbiH. KanacaH 6ipre 6apanbik.
cToncn Paxmer, bipak MeH 3eprepnik byibimaapra Kbi3biKnakMbiH.
- Vocabulary
AeManbIc weekend
AYKeH apanay to shop
anK Knim aykeHi shoe shop
3NeKTPOHALIK Tayapnap electronic goods
cayaa opranbifbl shopping mall/centre
eTik boots
6ac kuim head garment
KomnbioTep ¥ababIKTapel computer accessories
3eprepnik 6ynsimaap jewellery
KbI3bIFY to be interested in
Language point
1 How to indicate what your plans are
When you want to say that you are certain that you will do something
in the future, you should use the present/future tense that we dis-
cussed in Unit 4. For example: MeH GyriH xaHa keWnek carbin
anambiH ‘| will buy a new dress today.’
As can be seen in Dialogue 1, however, when you want to say that
you have plans for the future (without being necessarily certain that
these plans will go through), you should use a tense known in Kazakh
as the ‘intentional future tense’. For example: MeH 6yriH xaHa kennek
caTtbin anmaknbiH ‘| intend/plan to buy a new dress today.’
To put a verb in this tense, add to the stem of the verb one of
the ‘intentional future’ endings mak/mex, nak/nek or 6ax/6ek as
Unit 11: It is not my size 157
well as one of the personal endings nbIH/NiH, CbIK/CiH, CbI3/Ci3 Or

nbI3/ni3.
Notice that the number of potential personal endings for the first
person is limited to four here. This is because all the ‘intentional future’
endings end on an unvoiced consonant (K or k) which, as a result of
consonant assimilation, has to be followed by a personal ending that
begins with an unvoiced consonant.
Choose among the ‘intentional future’ endings on the basis of the
principles of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation. If the stem
of the verb ends on a vowel or ends on one of the consonants n, p
or y, choose the ending mak or mek. Narrow your choice by looking
at the last syllable of the verb. If it contains a back vowel, choose
the ending Mmak. If it contains a front vowel, choose the ending mek.
For example:
Bi3 KbiTaitra 6ap-mak-nbi3. We plan to go to China.

Canempgeme xiGep-mek-niH. | plan to send a parcel.
If the stem of the verb ends on an unvoiced consonant, choose the end-
ing nak or nek. Here, too, narrow your choice by looking at the last
syllable of the verb. If it contains a back vowel, choose the ending
nak. If it contains a front vowel, choose the ending nek. For example:
On yniu car-nak. He plans to sell his home.

MaceneHi o3i wew-nek. He plans to solve the problem
himself,
If the stem of the verb ends on one of the consonants x, 3, m, H or

H, choose the ending 6ak or 6ek. Once again, narrow your choice by
looking at the last syllable of the verb. If it contains a back vowel,
choose the ending 6ak. If it contains a front vowel, choose the end-
ing 6ek. For example:
CeH kiTan xa3-6aK-CbiH. You plan to write a book.

Anmac kektempge Almas plans to marry in the
ynneH-6ek. spring.
LWonnaH xa3sna TypMbIcKa Sholpan plans to marry in the
WbIKNAK. summer.
To put a verb conjugated in the ‘intentional future’ tense in a question,

add one of the question words kim, He, Kan, KawaH or kauga or add
one of the question particles ma/me, 6a/6e or na/ne. Choose the
question particle on the basis of vowel harmony and consonant

assimilation. For example:
Kan aykeHre 6apmaKcbiH?

Which shop do you plan to go to?
ApmaH mawunHe catbin anmax na?

Does Arman plan to buy a car?
To put a verb conjugated in the ‘intentional future’ tense in the neg-

ative, use the negative word emec followed by one of the personal
endings niH, cin, ci3 or ni3. For example:
On Kenmek emec.
He/she does not plan to come.
Bi3 gykeHre 6apmak emecnis.

We do not plan to go shopping.
Note that in spoken Kazakh, speakers often insert an additional ending,

either w1 or wi, before the personal ending. For example, in Dialogue 1
one of the speakers says: cbliinbiK an-Mak-wbi-MbIH ‘| am plan-
ning to buy a gift.” As you can see, the agglutinative process here
is based on vowel harmony. The ‘intentional future’ ending mak,
which contains a back vowel, selects wbl as the additional ending
because it, too, contains a back vowel. The additional ending then
selects MbIH as the personal ending because it contains a back vowel
as well.
Exercise 1
Zhomart is looking for a job. Look at the notes in his agenda and write
down what his plans are.
Example
>KaHa peaiome ganbiHoay XKomapT xkaHa pesiome AafibliHaamak.
1 JKymbic ra3eTiH cartbin Xomapt

any
2 JKymbic rasetiHe YXomapTt
xabapnama xibepy
3 JKymbic areHTTiriHe Yomapt
Gapy
Exercise 2 (cp 2 28) &,

A friend is going on holiday. Using the clues below, ask your friend about
his/her holiday plans. Then listen to the questions on the accompanying O
CD.
Example «immeH/6apy KiMMeH 6apmakcbiH?
KallaH/HKomMfa WbIFy
WN =
6unet/kawan/any
ywiakneH/6apy
Kan KoHak yih/ToKray
b
KawaH/keny
N
Byn meHiH enwemim emec It is not my size (CD 2; 29) Q

Stacy is buying a shirt at a shop.
CATYWL! bBipHapce isgen xypcis 6e? Kemek kepek ne?

CTANCK AHay y3biH XeHai, xaranbl xengeHin 6acka Tycrepi 6ap
ma?
CATYWLI AK, Kapa XaHe cyp TycTepi 6ap.
cTancn CypblH kepceTiHiswi. XXoK, kapacblH kepceTiHi3. Kapachbl
aaeMipek KepiHeai eKeH.
CATYWLI ©OnweMiHia (pasmepiHia) kaHaan?
CT3ACK 46-wbl enwemMm.
CATYWbl OKiHiwke opai 44-Wwi enwem raHa kangbl. Knin kepecis
6e?
cToncK Wa, kuin kepeiin. . . . byn xenge maraH Tapnay eKkeH xaHe
XeHi Ae aapan Kbickanay. AHay KbiCKa XeHAi, kanTtackl 6ap
XenaeHiH 46-wbl enwemi 6ap ma?
CATYWb! Minekn. . . . Ciare enwemi ge asn, Tyci ae xapacagbl
€KEeH.
cTonmcK Ocbl xenaeHi ananbiH. MbiHay xibek keinek kaHwa
Typaabl?
CATYWbl CoHpan xeHin, Tamalwwa keinek. 35000 TeHre Typaasl.
CTaNCK TbiM KbiMBaT ekeH.
160 Unit 11; Byn MeHiH enwemMim emec
CATYWL! bByn keWnekTiH MakKTaaaH »acanfaH ynrici ae 6ap. baracbl

0a ap3aHaay. KaicbiCbiH Kanancobia?
CTaNCKM ApsaHaaybiH.
CATYWbl Bapnbifbl 20000 TeHre. KBUTaHUMAHBI3OL! YMbITNAHbI3.
NakeTke canavibiH 6a?
ctancu We, ynkeH paxmer.
CATYWb!l Kpi3bifbiH KEPiHi3.
Rl elete
sV ol
GipHapce something
ispey to look for
KOMeK help
¥Y3bIH XeHai long-sleeved
Haranbl collared
weinpe shirt
apneMipek kepiHeni it looks prettier
enwem size
KWin Kepy to try on
Tap small
WeH sleeve
ciare xapacagbl it sits well on you, suits you

Xibek kennek silk dress
MaKra cotton
ynri model
apaaH cheap
KBUTaHUUA receipt
nakert plastic/paper bag
KbI3bIfbiH KOPiHi3! enjoy it!
Exercise 3 (cD 2 30)

Aigul has been shopping online. Look at her shopping bag in the right
column and answer the questions below. Afterwards you can listen to
both the questions and the answers on the accompanying CD.
alHaL 00V L1
llanaudeq
004} 0008 00€¢ 00/¢ 0000€ 0ocl
100€e dainad Aaguag WO1190) daimnas diuwax olqueu uewedo
O
10001 exeAug
>
10042 diuwax
S
10051 deguem
O
10041 Asguag
>
10000€ oldueu 0ose 00/1 00S1 0001 0S/1 00S¢

O
100se exidAx 6664 005¢ 006e 0663 00s¢e 0665
s
100.1 alfnex extdAix anax deguem exeAug BNQO! auue
O
100S¢ nauuney|
S
I ” <
eHaYWeD eAe)
iwimn doudg iwimn defuame
162 Unit 11: Byn MeHiH enwemiMm emec
= Aliryn 6apnbifbl KaHwWwa akwa Tenemex?

Aryn 50 nanbi3 XeHinaikneH He catbin anMak?
wWwhNh
Anryn Tonolk 6aracbiHa He caTtbin anmak?

O
AWryn Kam aattapAabl caTbin anMak ovbl XOK?

b
3aTtTapabiH KanchiCbl epnep yWiH?

3aTtTapablH KanchIChl aienaep yWiH?

Below are, in no particular order, the sentences of a dialogue. Put these
Q) sentences in the right order by numbering them. Then verify your answer
by listening to the dialogue on the accompanying CD.
O CATYWbt Mine, MblHa MKUHCBI cisre aan 6ony kepek.

O CATbiN ANYWbI Wa, mkuHebl wanbap kepek eqi.
O CATYWSI IbknHewl wanbapnap MbiHa Xepae. OnlwemiHi3
KaHOan?
O CATYWbI Cisre kemek kepek ne?
O CATYWI ©nwen kepeci3 6e? Kuim enweinTtiH benmve
OH XafblHblana.
0 CATbIN ANYUWI Beni 27, y3blHAbIFbI 32,
0O CATbIN ANYW Byn mKWHCHI Kaln epae xacanfaH?
O CATYlWS. bisgiH aykenpgeri kmimaepaiH 6apnbifbl
Wrtanusga xacanfaH.
0 cATbIN ANYLWbI Onwen kepewiH.
Colours (CD 2; 32)

aK white capbli yellow KOHbIp brown
Kapa black xacbin green KbI3biN capbl orange
Kbi3bin red Kok blue cyp grey
KbI3FbINT pink keringip light blue
Language point
2 How to make adjectives from nouns
In previous units we have encountered adjectives of colour, size

and quality, such as kbi3bin ‘red’, y3biH ‘long’ and agemi ‘pretty’. In
Dialogue 2, however, we saw that you can also make adjectivea from
nouns when one of the speakers refers to a shirt as yasiH ex-al,
xara-nbi ‘long-sleeved, collared’. These two adjectives each consist
of a noun and an ending.
Adjectives that derive from nouns are common in Kazakh. To make
this kind of adjective, add to the noun one of the endings nwi/nl,
Aby/ai or Tei/Ti. As usual, choose among the different endings on the
basis of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.
If the noun ends on a vowel or one of the letters ®, p or y, choose
the ending nbl or ni. Narrow your choice on the basis of vowel har-
mony. For example: Tay-nbl ‘mountainous’, exwe-ni ‘heeled’. If the
noun ends on an unvoiced consonant, choose the ending Tbl or Ti.
For example: 6ynT-Tbl ‘cloudy’, Tyc-ti ‘colourful’. If the noun ends
on one of the consonants n, M, H, K or 3, choose the ending Ab! or
Aai. For example: waK-abl ‘dusty’, en-ai ‘pretty’.
As we will see in Unit 14, adjectives derived from nouns are fre-
quently used in Kazakh to describe a person’s appearance.
Exercise 5
Rewrite each of the phrases below so that the second noun becomes
an adjective that modifies the main noun.
<
Example MalwnHeHiH eki eciri 6ap eki ecikTi MawunHe
KennekTiH »eHi y3blH

=
KitanTbiH kabbl xacbin

WN
CemMkeHiH 6aybl y3biH

YenaeHiH Xaracbl oK
ORE
Tydnugin exweci 6mik

YiiniH eki 6enmeci bap
~NOoO
KblaabiH, Kbl3bin kenneri 6ap
Language point Q
3 How to compare things and persons
In Dialogue 2, the speakers use a wide range of comparative adjectives:

apemipek ‘more beautiful/prettier’ and apsanpay ‘cheaper’, but also
Tapnay ‘smallish’ and xbickanay ‘shortish’. To make comparative
adjectives in Kazakh, add to the adjectives one of a series of possible

endings, following the principles of vowel harmony and consonant
assimilation.
If the adjective ends on a vowel or on the consonant p, y or i, choose
the ending nay or ney. Narrow your choice on the basis of vowel harmony.
if the last syllable of the adjective contains a back vowel, add the ending
nay. If the last syllable of the adjective contains a front vowel, add
the ending ney. For example: wyka-nay ‘thinner’, kiwiney ‘smaller’.
If the adjective ends on an unvoiced consonant, add the ending Tay
or rey. Here, too, narrow your choice by looking at the vowel guality
of the last syllable of the adjective. If the last syllable of the adjective
contains a back vowel, add the ending Tay. If the last syllable of the
adjective contains a front vowel, add the ending Tey. For example:
KbiMbBaT-Tay ‘more expensive’, 6uik-tey ‘higher’.
If the adjective ends on one of the consonants n, H, K, M or 3, add
the ending pay or aey. Once again, narrow your choice by looking
at the vowel quality of the last syllable of the adjective. If it contains
a back vowel, add the ending pay. If it contains a front vowel, add
the ending aey. For example: a3-pay ‘lesser’, keH-aey ‘wider’.
To make an adjective comparative, however, you can also add one
of the endings pak/pek to adjectives that end on a vowel and one of
the endings bipak/ipek to adjectives that end on a consonant, with-
out changing the meaning. For example:
XbUbl-paK Or Xbifbi-nay warmer

Kiwi-pex or kiwi-ney smaller
Kac-bipak or xac-tay younger
YnKeH-ipek or ynkeH-aey bigger
Once you know how to make an adjective comparative in Kazakh, it

is easy to draw comparisons between things or persons. To do so,
add to the word that is the second object of comparison one of the
ablative endings HaH/HeH, aaH/aeH or TaH/TeH (which we discussed
more fully in Unit 2). For example:
Anmatbi AcTaHa-aaH ynkeH-gey. or AnMatebl ActaHa-aAaH

YNKeH-ipeK.
Almaty [is] bigger than Astana.
MNo#bi3 ywak-TaH ap3aH-gay. or [onbI3 ywak-TaH ap3aH-bIpax.

The train [is] cheaper than the plane.
unit 11: It is not my size 165
Ky3 me3srini kbic mearini-HeH agemi-ney. or Kya mearini xeic

me3rini-HeH agemi-pek.
The autumn season [is] more beautiful than the winter
season.
When drawing comparisons between nouns (things or persons) of

the same kind, you have two options. Either you repeat the same noun
twice, for example: MblHa keWnek aHa KeWNeKTEH KbiCKapak
‘This dress is shorter than that dress’, or you leave out the noun al-
together, for example: MbiHay aHapaH Kbickapak ‘This is shorter than
that.’
Exercise 6 @
Compare each of the pairs of nouns below with the help of the given
adjective.
Example kyH — ait — apblK

KYH arWaaH xapbikTay
KblTal Tini — Ka3akK Tini — KWbIH

=
Taynap — wen gana — cyblk

WN
KasakcraH — ©3bekcTaH — ynkeH

Bonra — EpTic — yablH
XbINKbl — TyWe — Xbingam
DO
KOHaK yili — MmoTenb — Kpimbar
Exercise 7 @
Below is a series of simple, commonsense gquestions. Choose the
correct answer to each.
1. He KbimbBaTTay? 4. He Gasynay?
O mawunHe ] ywak
U Teneanpap O nonbIa
2. He ap3aHpay? 5. He xbingambipak?
O komnbroTep UJ aneKTpoHabIK xat
O yanbl TenedoH 1 xar
3. He »ananay? 6. He Buiktey?
] Buaeo oNHaTKbILW O AnTai Taynapsl
O OB onHaTKbiLL O Anatay Taynapbl
Language point
4 How to use the passive voice
In Kazakh the verb of a sentence is put in the passive voice when

the agent, who undertakes the action to which the sentence refers,
is for whatever reason left out of the sentence.
In Kazakh the passive voice is not accompanied by the auxiliary
verb ‘to be’. To put a verb in the passive voice, add to the stem
of the verb one of the ‘passive voice’ endings bin/in, n or H,
followed by one of the tense endings and one of the personal
endings.
The passive voice can be conjugated in all the different tenses.
Verbs in the passive voice take the same tense endings as verbs in
the active voice. For a full discussion of the present/future tense end-
ings, see Unit 4. For a full discussion of the present progressive tense
endings, see Unit 7. For a full discussion of the past tense endings,
see Unit 12.
If the stem of the verb ends on a vowel, add the ‘passive voice’
ending n. For example: Ken 3atrap KbiTaihaa xaca-n-a-abl ‘Many
goods are made in China.’ If the stem of the verb ends on n, add
the ‘passive voice’ ending H, biH or iH. For example: XKana ynnep
can-blH-bIN xatblp ‘New houses are being built.’
If the stem ends on a consonant, add one of the ‘passive voice’
endings bin or in. Narrow your choice by looking at the vowel qual-
ity of the last syllable of the verb. If it contains a back vowel, choose
the ending that begins with a back vowel: bin. For example:
Komnblotep Kan aykeHge cat-bin-a-abl? ‘In which shop are com-
puters sold?’ If it contains a front vowel, choose the ending that
begins with a front vowel: in. For example: Tamak nicip-in-gi ‘The
food was cooked.’
In Kazakh it is mostly inanimate objects and events that take a
verb in the passive voice. For example: Ecik xabbingbl ‘The door
was closed’, XXuHanbic 6actangbl ‘The meeting was started.’
The passive voice is also frequently used for another purpose.
When Kazakhs want to say that they cannot see, feel, hear, open or
close something, they will often do so without referring to themselves
in their sentence. Instead they will say: kepiH6enai ‘it is not seen’,
cesinmengi ‘it is not felt’, ectinmengi ‘it is not heard’, awbinmanab!

‘it is not opened’, xabbinManabl ‘it is not closed’.
In Kazakh you will not encounter such phrases as ‘She was hit by
a car’ or ‘He was elected by the people.’ Instead the Kazakh equiv-
alents of these phrases will turn the agent into the subject of the
sentence: OHbl MawMHe Karbin keTTi ‘A car hit him/her’, OHbl
agampap cannagsl ‘People elected him/her.’
Similarly, you will also not encounter such phrases as ‘I'm invited’
or ‘I'm taken care of.’ Here, too, the Kazakh equivalents will make
the agent explicit and turn it into the subject of the sentence. For
example: On MeHi KOHaKKa wakbipAabl ‘He/she invited me as a guest’,
Onap MmeHi kyTeai ‘They will wait for me.” Only a few verbs can be
used in the passive voice when their agent and subject is human. For
example: MeH xapanangbiM ‘I'm wounded’, MeH xa3bingbim ‘I'm
cured.’
Exercise 8
Below is a list of questions in the passive voice. Choose the best answer
to each question.
©
1 Kitan HeaeH xacanagpi?
a) afawTaH o) anHexTeH 6) nnacTukTeH
2 KomnbioTepnep kanpa eHgipineai?

a) Pecenpe 9) KasakctaHoa 6) Kbitanpa
3 Kynabiagapabl Kepy yuWiH kak acnan KonaaHoinagbl?

a) ctatockon ) Teneckon 6) mukpockon
4 Kim canaHagpl?
a) xaH 9) xaHwawnbiM 6) npeanaeHT
5 Cy kaHpan Temnepartypaja KanHatbinagbl?

a) 100 °C 9)80°C 6)60 °C
<
Put together a series of practical questions. For each question, choose
one of the verbs provided and put this verb in the passive voice. Then
listen to the resulting questions on the accompanying CD. Q
168 Unit 11: Byn MeHiH eniuemiM emec
aynapy - 6acrtay — awy — caTy — asKray — uMnoprray
Example [lykeH cafaTt Helwene awbinagbl?
1 KoHuepT Hewepne ?
2 KoHuepTke buneT Kan xepae xatbip?
3 OnexTp Tayapnapbl KazakcraHra kan xepaeH ?
4 byn ce3a kalakwara kanaw Xyp?
5 XuHanbic Hewene ?

Below is a text about traditional Kazakh garments. While reading this
text, you can also listen to it on the accompanying CD. You will find a
» transiation at the back of the book, in the key to the exercises.
¥NTTbIK KNiMaep
KasakTblH ynTTbIK
Kvimaepi Tycrep meH
epHekTepre 6ai 6onagb!.
Ka3ak anengepiHin
YATTBIK KWiMaepi yLu
GenikTeH Typaab!:
Kennek, Gelwner xaHe
6ac kvim. DhenaepaiH
Herisri 6ac knimaepinix
6ipi — opaman. Typmbicka wWbikkaH aWengep 6acblHa opaman
Taptaastl, an xacecnipim Kbtzpnap 6acbiHa Takus Hemece 6epik
Kueni. OviengepaiH kenneri Mex opamangapbl CaTeH, XibeK CUAKTbI
mMaTanappaH Tirinedi. Keicka Hemece y3ablH xeHai 6ewneT nyniwTeH
Hemece OapkbiTTaH acanagbl. Kbiaaap MeH KeniHwekTep
KynakrapbiHa Cblpfa, KongapbliHa >Ky3iK s8He 6inesik Taragbl.
3eprepnik GylbiMaap anTblH HeMece KyMicTeH xacanagbl. Ep
apamaapabiH kuimaepi TepT benikTeH Typaabl: wanbap, xenge,
wanaH, xaHe 6ac kuvim. KyHgenikti emipae yniTolK kuimaep kuine
Me? Erge apampgap bewnet, Takus, wanaH KAi MyMKiH, an xacrap
YATTbIK KAiMOEpiH Tek kaHa Haypbla menpambiHga kuepi. ¥NTTbiK
kuimaep «CbimbaT», «Maknan» cuakTbl AykeHaepae Hemece 6asapaa
catbinagbl.
WV elelelo
¥ o1 @
J YATTBIK KUIM traditional garment
. OpHex design
b yw GenikTeH Typaabl to consist of three parts
&
z Gewner quilted, sleeveless jacket
i opaman shawl, scarf, headscarf
a opaman TapTty to wear a scarf
§ wacecnipim teenage
E TaKuna skulicap
caTeH satin
] nyniw plush
6apKbIT velvet
| cbipfa earrings
i Tary to wear (jewellery)
| kynaenikTi everyday
VTS (P
If you become friends with a Kazakh family and are invited as a guest
of honour to their house, you are likely to receive a gift: a wanan
‘shapan’, a robe or overcoat made of velvet and decorated with tra-
ditional Kazakh ornaments that will be placed on your shoulders. You
will receive this gift as a sign of respect. The tradition of wanaH xa6y
‘to cover with a shapan’ is a modern-day version of the ancient Kazakh
ritual of wanax »aybin, at MiHrisy ‘to cover with a shapan and to
give a horse’.

You announce your shopping plans to a friend. Enter the conversation.
State your intentions and draw comparisons. When stating your inten-
tions, make sure to use the intentional future tense. You take the part
of the second speaker.
170 Unit 11. Byn MeHiH enweMmim emec
FRIEND Hemanbicta He icteMeKkciH?

YOU [Say: | plan to go shopping. Ask: which shops are good
in Almaty?]
FRIEND He cartbin anmakcbiH?
YOU [Say: | plan to buy clothes and shoes.]
FRIEND Xibek XWonbl cayna opranbiFsiHa 6ap.
YOU [Say: | also plan to invite my friends to a restaurant.
Ask: which restaurant is good?]
FRIEND Anawa, [lactapxaH MeiMaHxaHanapbl XaKcbi.
YOU [Ask: Is Dastarkhan cheaper than Alasha?]
FRIEND Ue, aypuic. Anawa kbimbaTblpak.
YOU [Ask: |s Dastarkhan closer to the centre?]
FRIEND We, aypbic. Anawa opransiKraH anbicray.
Unit Twelve
Bi3 TypraH Kana
The city we lived in
In fhis unit you will lean how to; C\

¢ discuss city travel
¢ use the recent and distant past tense
¢ make adjectives from verbs
¢ make references to ‘when’, ‘since’ and ‘until’
YakbiTTbl Tamawa etkisgiMm | had a good time

(CD 2; 36)
Aigul is asking Stacy about her trip to Astana. O
Anryn AcrtaHara kanan 6apbin kengin?

ctonck CanapbiM caTTi 6onabl. YakblTTel TaMatua eTkiagim.
AMrYN ActaHaHbl apananbiy 6a?
CTancKu We, ActaHaHbiH 6apnblk KepHeKTi OpblHAAPbIH KepAiM.
BanTepek MyHapacbiHa WhIKTLIM, XaH WaTbipab
Tamalwanagbim,
AArYN Tafbt He icTeniH?
CcTancKn Keneci kyHi onepa »xaHe 6anet tearpbiHa 6apabim. Kasipri
eHep MypaXkanblH kepaiM. bapsbiFbiH cypeTke TycipaiM.
AArYn Kana yHaab ma?
172 Unit 12: Bi3 Typran xana
CTaACU ¥YHapgbl. AcTaHaga aTakTbl afamaapAbiH, ecKepTkiluTepi ken

ekeH. Ecki coynet ynrinepiHe xaparaHfna COHfbl cayner
ynrinepi kebipek ekeH.
AAYN OpuHe, ActaHa xac kana foil. bipak 6yn KanaHblH Tapuxbi
eTe Kbi3blK. bineciH 6e, 19-wbl facbipaa KanaHblH, OpHbIHAA
warbliH Kaman 6onfaH. Kaman on keage Akmona gen
atanfaH.
cTancn Pac na?
Anryn KeHec Oparbl ke3iHae kanaHblH aTbl LienuHorpaa 6onbin
earepreH. LlenvHorpan kapananbiM eHAIPICTIK Kanawblk
6onFan. An 1997-wi xbinaaH 6epi ActaHa aen atanagbl.
%B Vocabulary
| canap trip ? WarbIH small
b coTTi successful { Kaman fortress
| apanay to see sights : Kexec Oparbl Soviet Union
i MyHapa tower KesiHpge during
Tamawanay to watch ! e3arepy to change
: Mypaxan museum ; Kapanawubim simple
cayner architect eHaipicTik industrial
Tapmux history
CypeTtke Tycipin xi6epecia 6e? Can you take

my picture? (CD 2; 37)
s Stacy is asking a stranger to take her picture in Astana.
CTanCH KewipiHis, yakbiTbIHbI3 6onca, MeHi cypeTke Tycipin

Xibepecia be?
BEWTAHLIC Kapaigpl, Tycipin xibepeitiH. KamepaHbiaabl GepiHja.
CTanCH YakbiTbiHbI3Ab! 6enreHiHiare ynkeH paxmer. MeH
€CKEPTKILLTIH XaHbiHA 6apbin TypanbiH.
BEMTAHBLIC MblHa KamepaHblH Kail TyWMeciH 6acambliH?
CTanCKH AnpabiMeH ‘power’ TyWMeciH 6ackin, 06bLEKTUBIH perTen
anbiHpl3. OpaH KeliH MbiHa TyWMeHi 6acbiHbI3.
Unit 12: The city we lived in 173
BEWTAHLIC TyciHikTi. JanbiHcbla 6a? TycipeniH 6e?

CTancu Wa, faitbiHMbIH. [KamepaHbiH Abi6biCkI]}
BEWTAHLIC Tarbl Gip TycipeiiH 6e?
CTaMCHU Xok, weteni. PaxmeT. Cis Ginmencia Ge, xakbIH Xepae
aHbIKTaMa opTaneifbl 6ap Ma?
BEWMTAHBLIC EH XaKblH aHbIKTamMa opTanbifbl AGbinaixaH keweciHae.
{ yaKbITbIHbI3AbI GenreHinisre paxmer thank you for your time

@
| TYWime button
y 6acy to press
| o6bexTuB focus
petTey to set
| TycinikTi I got it, | see

i AanbIH ready
! werveni it is sufficient, enough
! aHbIKTaMa opTanbifbl tourist centre
Words to remember (audio online) P

Kana apanay onepa xaHe GaneT TearTpbl
to go sightseeing opera and ballet theatre
Kana ruai MmenpaMmxaHara 6apy

city guide to go to a restaurant
ma YaKbITTbl TaMalla eTKi3y

guide to have a good time
KepHeKTi opbiHAap cypeTke Tycipy

famous places to take a picture of someone else
Mypaxan cypertke Tycy

museum to take one’s own picture
ecKepTKiL
statue
174 Unit 12; Bia TypraH kana
Exercise 1
Which of the following activities do you do when you visit a city? Give
your answers in full sentences.
Mypaxainnapra bapacbiH 6a?

Kana kewenepiH xasy apanavcbiH 6a?
KanaHblH KepHEeKTi opblHAapbIH KepeciH 6e?
KanaHbl aBTobycneH apanaicbly 6a?
OykeHaepai apananceiy 6a?
MeiimaHxaHanapra 6apacbiH 6a?
CypeTke TyceciH 6e?
Teartpra H6apacbiH 6a?

Below are the answers to questions that you are likely to ask when you
are on a sightseeing trip. Ask a question for each answer. Then listen
b1 both the questions and the answers on the accompanying CD.
Example
anaHbl apanay kaHiia anb?
KanaHbl aBtobycneH apanay 2000 TeHre, an xasy apanay 700
TeHre Typagbl.
1 Kasakwa, opbiclia #oHe afbinwbiHWa cennentin rug 6ap.
2 Keneci Typ 30 MnHyTTaH KeniH Gactanaabl.
3 EH %akblH aHblkTama 6lopockl Tene 6u xeHe bereH6an 6aTbip
KOLWEeCiHIH KNbiNbICbIHAA.
4 ArbinuwblH TiNniHoe Actana Typanbl rug 6ap.
5 XekceHbine mypaxainap xabblk.
/@ Language point
1 How to use the ‘recent past’ tense
In Dialogue 1, the speakers use verbs that have been conjugated in

two different past tenses: one is known in Kazakh as the ‘recent past’
tense and the other as the ‘distant past’ tense. Here we discuss the
first of the two; under Language point 2, we discuss the second.
To put a verb in the ‘recent past’ tense, add to the stem of the
verb one of the ‘recent past’ endings, Tbi/Ti or abl/Ai, and one of the
personal endings M, H, HbI3 Or K/K.
Choose among the ‘recent past’ endings on the basis of vowel
harmony and consonant assimilation. If the stem of the verb ends on
an unvoiced consonant, choose an ending that begins with an unvoiced
consonant as well: el or Ti. Then narrow your choice by looking
at the vowel quality of the last syllable of the verb. If the verb stem
contains a back vowel, add the ending Tel. For example: On y#in
cart-Tbl ‘He sold his house.’ If the verb stem contains a front vowel,
add the ending Ti. For example: Bi3 kewik-ti-k ‘We were late.’
If the stem of the verb ends on anything but an unvoiced consonant,
choose the ending gbl or gi. Then narrow your choice by looking at
the vowel quality of the last syllable of the verb. If it contains a back
vowel, add the ending abl. For example: CeH kainpa 6ap-Abl-H?
‘Where did you go?’ If it contains a front vowel, add the ending Ai.
For example: Onap Te3 ken-ai ‘They came quickly.’
The personal endings HbI3/Hi3 and K/k are added to the verbs
conjugated in the past tense on the basis of vowel harmony as well.
For example:
Bi3 6ap-abi-K/ken-ai-K. We went/came.

Ci3 6apabiHbI3/KenAiHi3. You went/came.
When using the ‘recent past’ tense, you can extend the frame of
reference relatively far back in time. You can use this tense in com-
bination with an adverb of time such as kewe ‘yesterday’, anabiHFbl
kyHi ‘the day before yesterday’, eTkeH antana ‘last week’ or 6bINTLIP
‘last year’. But you can also use it in combination with an adverb of
time that stretches farther back in time, at least when you are stating
a fact. For example:
ActaHara 6ec xbin BypbiH Kewin kenaik.

We moved to Astana five years ago.
MekTenTi XUbipMa XbiN 6ypbIH aAKTaAbIM.

| graduated from school 20 years ago.
EkiHwi gyHue xXy3inik corbicbl 1945-KbiNbI aAKTanabl.

World War |l ended in 1945.
176 Unit 12: Bi3 TypraH kana
To put a verb conjugated in the ‘recent past’ tense in a question, use

the question words or question particles ma/me, 6a/6e, na/ne. For
example: Kewe He icTenin? ‘What did you do yesterday?’, Kewe
XaHanbIKTapabl kepAiH 6e? ‘Did you watch the news yesterday?’
To put a verb conjugated in the ‘recent past’ tense in the negative,
add one of the negative endings ma/me, na/ne or 6a/6e. Note that
the negative ending appears before the tense ending and the personal
ending. For example: Bap-ma-gbi-m ‘| did not go.’
Words to remember
»aHa faHa just now
Kewe yesterday
anabiHFbl KYHi the day before yesterday
oTKeH anrtaga last week
eTKeH anaa last month
OTKeH Xbinbl last year
ObINTLIp last year
eTKeH facbipAa last century
Exercise 3
Put the verbs in the sentences below in the ‘recent past' tense.
Example MeH kiTan oKUMbIH.

MeH kiTan okblabim.
CeH kawaH KkeneciH?

=
Ci3 xaHanblKTapabl kapaMmancola 6a?

WN
On MeHi kKnHoFa Wwakbipaabi.

bia Kekwetayra 6apambi3.
OOk
CeHpgep kanga TypacbiHaap?

Cisgep dytbon onHamanceiagap ma?
Exercise 4
Marat has ticked off the tasks that he completed yesterday on his to-do
list. Write down what Marat did and what he did not do yesterday.
XXocnap
e XypHan catbin any v’

e [ynHa3fa TenedoH cory
» Epb6onra xaTt xibepy v
¢ KiTanxaHafa kitan eTkisy
e OnekTp TyGipTeriH Teney v’
e Ky6blp xXeHAeyLWiHi WaKbipy
Language point q
2 How to use the ‘distant past’ tense
In Dialogue 1, a speaker talks about the history of Astana using what

is known in Kazakh as the ‘distant past’ tense. This tense does not
have a function or meaning that is different from the previously dis-
cussed ‘recent past’ tense. When referring to an action or event that
took place a relatively long time ago, Kazakhs use the ‘distant past’
tense and the ‘recent past’ tense interchangeably. However, Kazakhs
prefer using the ‘distant past’ tense when they are telling a narrative,
such as when they are describing a historical event or giving a per-
son’s biography.
To put a verb in the ‘distant past’ tense, add to the stem of the
verb one of the ‘distant past’ endings kan/keH or faH/rex and one
of the personal endings MbIH/MiH, CbIH/CiH, CbI3/ci3 or 6b13/6i3.
Choose among the ‘distant past’ endings on the basis of vowel
harmony and consonant assimilation. If the stem of the verb ends on
an unvoiced consonant or on one of the voiced consonants f or r,
add the ending kaH or keH. Narrow your choice by looking at the
vowel quality of the last syllable of the verb. If the last syllable contains
a back vowel, choose the ending kaH. If it contains a front vowel,
choose the ending keH. For example:
MeH epTe KaWT-KaH-MbIH. | went home early.

On w3l keT-KeH. He left late.
CeHpep acblK-KaH-CbiH-Aap. You were in a hurry.
178 Unit 12: Bi3 TypraH Kana
If the stem of the verb ends on any other consonant or on a vowel,

choose the ending faH or red. Here, too, narrow your choice by look-
ing at the vowel quality of the last syllable of the verb. If the last
syllable contains a back vowel, choose the ending faH. If it contains
a front vowel, choose the ending reH. For example:
Bi3 ActaHara 10 xbin 6ypbiH 6ap-FaH-6bI13.

We visited Astana 10 years ago.
FlepmatHuAaga 6on-raH-MbliH.
| have been to Germany.
Bi3 canemaeme xibep-reH-6i3.

We sent a parcel.
Yure carart Hewene Ken-reH-Cin?

At what time did you come home?
As you can see in the example above, to put a verb conjugated in

the ‘distant past’ tense in a question, use the question words or one
of the question particles ma/me, 6a/6e or na/ne.
To put a verb conjugated in the ‘distant past’ tense in the nega-
tive, do one of two things. Add to the stem of the verb one of the
negative endings ma/me, 6a/6e or na/ne. Or add after the verb the
negative word ok ‘not’ followed by one of the personal endings. For
example:
CeH Here mekTenke 6ap-ma-FaH-CbIH?

Why did you not go to school?
Bi3 wapwaraH XoK-Nbi3.

We did not get tired.

Read below a short biography of the opera singer Kulyash Baiseitova.
While reading, also listen to the recording on the accompanying CD.
1) You will find a translation in the key to the exercises.
Kynaw BancenitoBa
Kynaw — Ka3akTbiH anfawkbl kacion onepa aHwici. On 1912-xbinbl

KaparaHabl aimarbiHaa TyFaH. KynawTiH akeci XacblH Aa ocbl anMakTa
Genrini saHWi 6onfaH agam. On KynawTiH AapbiHbIH epTe GainkaraH

XoHe ken aHaepai Kynewka e3i yihpertkeH. bipak XKackliH ete kepen
6onraH, conabikTaH KynawrTi xeTi xackiHga 6ananap WHTEpHaTbiHa
XibepreH. Kynaw okywsl 6onfaHpa kepkemeHepnasaap yuhipmeciHe
ken kaTbickaH. 1934-xbinbl AnNMaTblaa anfalwksl onepa xeHe Ganer
TeaTpbl awbinfavaa, Kynaw con TeatpFa wakbipy anfaH. Caarep
EsreHnin Bpycunobckuii e3iHiH «Kbi3 Xibek» onepactiH Kynaw yuwiH
wasfaH. KynewTiH aHaepi paguo mMeH TeneaupapaaH xui 6epinin
Typaabl. Xanblk KynawTi ani cyiin ToiHganabl XaHe ani KyHre AeniH
KynewrTi «kasakTblH 6ynbynoi» gen arainabl.
f\/OCobulory
anfawkbl the first Kenen poor
®
| keci6u professional WHTEpHaT boarding school
| aitmak region wiGepy to send
‘ AapbIH talent KepkemeHepnad amateur talent
6aikay to notice yhipme club
| ynpety to teach 6ynbyn nightingale
Exercise 6 @
Answer the following questions about Kulyash's life, using the ‘distant
past’ tense.
Example Kynaw kaii xepae TyraH?

Kynsw KaparaHabl aiMmarbiHAa TyFaH.
1 KynawTiH ekeci XackiH KaHpan anam 6onFaH?

2 Kynaw aH aiTyabl KIMHEH YAPEHreH?
3 XacblH KynawTi Here uHTepHatka »xibepreH?
4 Xanblk KynawTi kanai ataingbl?
Exercise 7 @
Write a short essay about your own family history, starting with your
parents or grandparents. You may look up unfamiliar words in the
glossary.
180 Unit 12: bi3 TypFaH kana
LJ Dialogue 3
KongaH xacanfaH acnantap Hand-made
Q instruments (CD 2; 40)
Aigul and Stacy are talking about a museum in Almaty.
AACYR Mysbikanblk acnantap mypaxanbsiHa 6apabiH 6a?

CTanCH NaHcunos napkiHae opHanacKkaH Mypaxanabl anTacbiH
6a? Yok, ani 6apraH XOKNbIH.
AACYN ©Te agemi mypaxai. Myasikansik acnantapabiH 60-TaH
aca Typi 6ap. XXuHanfaH acnantapablH kebi aTakTbl
casrepnepaid acnanTtapsl.
CTancK MypaxainabliH CypeTiH KOPreHMiH, fuMmapaTtsl epekile eKeH.
AArYn WNa, fumapatbiH 3eHkoB aereH cayneTwi 1908-xbinoi
canfaH. Anmartbiga 3eHkos canfaH GipHewe fumapar 6ap.
Kanara epekwe kepik 6epegai.
cTancun YaHanaH awbinFaH Mypaxan ma?
ANrYn Mok, 80-xbingapbl awsbinFaH. Acnantap KasakcraHbiH TOpT
6ypbillibiHaH XuHanfaH. MypaxanabiH e3iHae
yMbIMaacTeipbinFaH Ca3dap Cbipbl OPKECTPi Mypaxanaa
KOHUepT Gepin Typaab!.
CTanCcKH MingeTTi TYypae 6apambiH.
@ Vocabulary O
acnan instrument
KuHay to collect
aTaKTbl famous
caarep musician
epexwe special
cayneTwi architect
Kepik Gepy to give a special appearance
XaHanaH awbinFad newly opened
YAbIMAACTbIPY to organize
mingeTTi Typae definitely
Language point q
3 How to make adjectives from verbs
(part 1)
As you can see in Dialogue 3, adjectives can be made from verbs:

NaxdpunoB napkiHae opHanackaH Mypaxan ‘the located-in-Panfilov
Park museum’, )xuHanrad acnanrtap ‘collected instruments’, 3eHkos
canfaH fumapartrap ‘Zenkov-constructed buildings’. Even though
these words derive from verbs, they are adjectives because they
modify a noun. In Kazakh they are easy to recognize and not easily
confused with actual verbs, because they appear right before the
noun they modify (whereas verbs always appear at the end of the
sentence).
In Language point 2 in Unit 13, we will look at another type of
adjective that derives from verbs. Here we look at the type of adjec-
tive featured in Dialogue 3. To make this type of adjective, add to the
stem of the verb one of the endings of the ‘distant past’ tense (ran/reH
or kaH/keH) and put the resulting word in front of the noun it has to
modify.
This type of adjective is used to bring out a characteristic of the
noun it modifies. Moreover, as it takes a ‘distant past’ ending, it always
refers to an action or event that was begun (and often, but not always,
completed) in the past. For example: YKXuHan-faH aKwa KaibIpbIMAbINbLIK
MaKcatbiHAa Xymcanaabl ‘The collected money will be used for
charity purposes.’
Notice that fluent speakers of Kazakh can add several layers of
information to this type of adjective. They can add a subject/agent,
for example MeH caTbin an-faH koMnslOTep KbiMb6aT emec (literally:
‘The I-bought computer is not expensive’). They can add the progres-
sive tense, for example On a3bin xaT-KaH KiTan keneci Xbinbl
weiranbl (literally: ‘The he-has-been-writing book wiil be published
next year'). They can add the passive voice, for example XXaHapau
canbiHbIn XaT-kaH yunep ken (literally: ‘There are many newly being
constructed houses’).
182 Unit 12: Bi3 TypfaH kana

Below are short sentences in the ‘recent past’ tense. Turn each of the
O verbs into an adjective (using a ‘distant past’ ending) and put them
b before the noun they modify. Then listen to the complete phrases on
the accompanying CD.
Example
MyfaniMm 3enHeTKe WhIKTL. 3eWHEeTKe LblKKaH MyFanim.
OpKeHWeT Xofanabl.
=
¥nb! ecTi.
WN
Yinep XyblKTa canbiHAbI.

[opiniH mep3imi oTTi.
Macene TankeinaHabl.
O
Enaep Aamblabl.
p Language point
4 How to refer to ‘when’, ‘since’ and ‘until’
Consider the sentence previously seen in the biography of Kulyash

Baiseitova: Kynaw okywbt 6onfanga kepkemMeHepnasaap ynipmeciHe
Ken KatbicTbl ‘When Kulyash was a school student she participated in
amateur talent club activities.” Notice that there is no word kawan ‘when’
in this sentence. In Kazakh the word kawaH is only used in questions,
as a question word. For example: CeH KawaH kengiH? ‘When did you
arrive?’, CeH yihaeH KawaH WwhIKTLIH? ‘When did you leave home?'
To make a ‘when’ statement, add to the stem of the verb one of the
‘distant past’ endings ran/ren or kan/ken followed by one of the end-
ings Aa or pe. As usual, choose among the different endings on the
basis of the principles of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation.
Note that although the ‘when’ part of the sentence uses a ‘distant
past’ ending, this does not have any consequences for the time frame
of the sentence as a whole. The time frame of a sentence is deter-
mined by the main verb, which can be conjugated in the past but
also in the future tense. For example:
MeH ylHaeH KeT-KeH-Ae ON KMHO Kepin OTbIpfaH.

When | left home, he was watching a movie.
Kewki acTbl ceH ken-reH-ge iwemis.

We will have dinner when you come.
Statements that make time references to ‘until’ or ‘since’ are often (if
not always) put together with the help of ‘distant past’ endings as
well.
To make an ‘until’ statement, add to the stem of the verb one of
the ‘distant past’ endings (Fan/ren or kan/ken) and one of the endings
wa or we. For example: CeH ken-reH-we ynae 6onamsiH ‘| will stay
at home until you come.’
However, when an ‘until’ statement refers to a specific point in
time, that point of time will not contain a verb but will consist solely
of a noun or adverb. As a result, ‘distant past’ endings cannot be
added here. To make an ‘until’ statement in this case, add to the
noun or adverb one of the dative endings and the word ne#in ‘before’.
For example: EpreHre aenin kytenik ‘Let us wait until tomorrow’,
KuHo carat Gecke peniH 6onagbl ‘The movie is until 5 p.m.’ For a
full discussion of dative endings, see Unit 5.
To make a ‘since’ statement, add to the stem of the verb one of
the ‘distant past’ endings (FaH/reH or kaH/keH), one of the possessive
endings and one of the dative endings. For example:
KuHoHbIH BacTan-faH-bl-Ha 6ec MUHYT GonAabl.

It has been five minutes since the movie started.
MeHiH ken-reH-im-e 6ipa3 6ongbl.

It has been a while since | came.
However, when referring to a specific point in time, add to this point

in time one of the ablative endings and follow it with the word 6epi
‘'since’. For a full discussion of ablative endings, see Unit 2. For
example:
MeH myHaa 1997-xbingaH 6epi TypambiH.

| have lived here since 1997.
decTUBanb O6TKEH antagaH 6epi 6onbIn KaTbIp.

The festival has been going on since last week.
XanObip keweneH Gepi xaybin Typ.

It has been raining since yesterday.
184 Unit 12; Bi3 Typran kana
Exercise 9
Combine the pairs of phrases below into full sentences by making one
of the phrases in each pair a ‘when’, ‘since’ or ‘until’ statement. There
is no need to change the tenses of the verbs.
Example a3 kenegi / meH NcnaHusra 6apambiH

XKas kenrenge meH Wcnanmsra 6apambit.
1 ApmaHHbIH yakblThl 6onagbl / cdyT6on oHanabl

2 KomnbioTep nawaa 6onabl / anamaap KONMMEH XasfaH
3 Tyrn nanga 6onabl / 13 Xbin OypbiH
4 MeH kengim / 20 MUHYT BypbIH
5 XaHbblp TOKTanabl / MeH KyTeMiH

Read the letter that Anna wrote to her friend Assem about her trip to
Kazakhstan. While reading, also listen to the letter on the accompanying
1 CD. Then answer the questions below. You will find a translation in the
key to the exercises.
Canem Ocem,
KasakctaHra kenreHime yw an 6ongbl. Y anga KasakCTaHHbIH

Ken aWmakTapblH apanansiM, 6ipak ani 6apmaraH xepnepim ae
ken. KasakctaH kaHgan ynked! AngbiMeH KasakcTaHHbIH
OHTYCTiriHe GapabiM. KazakctaHHbiH OHTYCTiriHaeri WbiMkeHT,
Tapaa xaHe TypkicTaH CUAKTbI KBHE KananapMeH TaHbICTbIM.
TypkicTaH kanacbiHOarbl Axmet Accayn keceHeciHe Gapabim.
12-fracbippa canblHFaH exkeH. OpTta A3naparbl keHe cayner
ynrinepidiy Gipi. Kepemet agemi rumapar!
CopaH keWiH KasakcTaHHblH GaTbicbiHaafbl MaHfbicTay
obnbicbiHa 6apabiM. ManfbicTayaarsl Waknak ata mewiti, beket
aTta MewwiTTepiH kepgim. byn mewitTepai Tapuxweinap 10-12-
facblp cayner ynrinepiHe Xatkbidagabl. OnapAblH COyNeTTikK
epeKwwenikTepi — onap Xep acTblHaa canblHFaH.
bipas yakbITTbl AnmaTbl 06nbicbiHAa ©Tki3gim. AnmMaTtbl 06nbICh!
na Tapuxu xepnepre 6aii ekeH. LLlapbiH kaHbOHAAPbLIHA 6apAbIM.
TaHbanbl TacTarbl exenri cypetrepai kepaim. Kencawn kengepiqe
6apabim. MaraH AnMarbl Kanachl Aa KatTbl yHaabl. AnartayabiH

eTeriHoe opHanackaH eTe saeMi Kana.
Kasip meH lWeibic KazakcTaHaa >XypMmiH. Byn aimakTbiH,
TaburaTbl epekwe ekeH. ©TkeH anTafa AocTapbiMMeH AnTan
TaynapbiHa 6apabiM. Ayacbl coHaai Tasa, Gipak aya-paiibl
CankbiH eKeH.
Keneci antana Contyctik Kasakcranra xypMekniH. Kekwetay
MeH Maenopap o6nbickiH apanaMakneiH. Maenogap obnbicbiHAAFLI
basHaybin ynTThIK napkiHe GapmaknbiH. CopgaH keWiH cafaH
AcTaHara KoHaKKa KenemiH.
KepickeHwe,
CanemmeH AHHa
Cypagrap ‘Questions’
1 AnHa KasakctaHnHbIH Kai anmakrapbiHa 6apabl?

2 AHHa KaHpan Tapuxu eckepTkiTepai kepai?
3 AHHa Kkanna Hapmakiwbl?
Kanpan kmHonapabl yHatackliH? What kind of

movies do you like? (CD 2; 43) Q
Zhanar and Almas are discussing movies and documentaries.
WAHAP CeH KaHOawn kmHonapabl yHatacbiH?

ANMAC MeH aepexTi kMHonapabl yHaTamblH. Ocipece BBC-aiH
DEepeKTi KMHONapblH KaparaHAb! XaKcbl kepeMiH. CeH we?
WAHAP MeH KepkeM KkvHonapabl yHaTambiH. Tapuxu kMHonapabl,
maxabbart Typanbl KMHONApAbl XaKCbl KepeMiH. An CofbIC
Typankl KUHONApAb! XEK KOPeMiH.
ANMAC MeH ge yHaTnaimMbiH. XKakcbl 60eBukTepai yHaTaMbiH. An
MenogpamanapaH iwim neicagsl. Tenecepusnaapfra
XbIHbIM Kenepi, Mynaem KapamaMbiH.
XAHAP MeH KoMeauanapab! Xakcbl kepemiH. Ocipece Yapnu
YannuHHIH KMHONApbIH KepreHAai yHaTaMbiH, iLlek cinemM karagp!.
186 Unit 12: Bi3 TypraH kana
ANMAC KOpKblHbIWTLI KMHONApFa Kanawm kapancbiH?

XAHAP KOpPKbIHbILWTLI KWHONAPAL! KeHe AeTeKTUBTepAai Myngem
KepMeyre ThipbicaMbiH. KBeHTUH TapaHTUHOHLIH KMHOCLIH
KepreHae Tebe wWawbiM TiK Typaabl.
L NN KUHO, KOpPKEeM KUHO movie/film
{ AepeKTi KuHo documentary

COFbIC Typansl KWNHO movie about war
XeK Kkepy to hate
| 6oeBuK action movie
5 KoMeauna comedy
,@ Language point
5 How to express what you like or dislike
In Dialogue 4, the speakers use two verbs to express their likes and
dislikes: ynaty and xakcbl kepy, and their negatives, yHaTnay and
xaKcbl kepmey. Both verbs always take a direct object, to which an
accusative ending has to be added (in contrast to the verb we dis-
cussed in Unit 8, Language point 6, yHay, which also means ‘to like’
but which always takes an indirect object, to which a dative ending
has to be added).
For example, in the dialogue one of the speakers enquires about
his friend's preferences by asking Kangan xwHonapabl YHaTtacbIiH?
‘What kind of movies do you like?’ As you can see, the verb yHaTacbI
is in the present tense (as indicated by the ending a) and in the sec-
ond person singular (as indicated by the ending cbiH). The noun that
precedes the verb, kuHonapabl ‘movies’, is in the plural (as indicated
by the ending nap) and fulfils the function of direct object (as indicated
by the accusative ending Abl).
However, when the direct object is an action, first add one of
the ‘distant past’ endings (Fan/reH or kawW/keH) before adding an
Unit 12. The city we lived in 187
accusative ending. For example: MeH TeHHUC OMHa-FaH-Abl YHaTaMbIH

‘| like playing tennis’, ACbIK-KaH-abl yHaTnawMbiH ‘| don't like hurrying.'’
To put these verbs in the negative, add one of the negative endings
na or me. As the verb yHary contains a back vowel and ends on an
unvoiced consonant, choose the negative ending na. As the verb
*aKcbl kepy contains a front vowel and ends on a sonorant, choose
the negative ending me. For example:
Komeguanapabl yHaT-na-n-Mbli3.
We don’t like comedies.
CybIK KyHAI XaKCb! Kep-Me-U-MiH.

| don't like cold weather.
If you want to express your own or someone else’s dislike in an even

stronger fashion, you can use the verb ek kepy ‘to hate’. For example:
OcbliHaan aya-paubiH xeK kepemiH ‘I hate this kind of weather.’
Exercise 11
Below is a list of famous artists, books and fims. Say whether you like
or dislike them. When you do not have an opinion, you may say: MeH
©
oHbl 6inmenmin ‘| don't know it/him/her.’
«butn3» TOGMLI
the group ‘The Beatles’
MouapT whbifapmanapsbl
compositions by Mozart
«OKin ake» KMHOCHI

the film The Godfather
«ABaTtap» KMHOCbI
the film Avatar
«CorbIC neH 6enbiTwinik» pomaHbl

the novel War and Peace
Lllekcnup nbecanapsbl
the plays by Shakespeare
«appw MNotTep» cepuanapsbl

the Harry Potter series
188 Unit 12: Bi3 TypraH xana
Exercise 12
Write a short essay about your favourite activities. You may look up
words in the glossary.
Idioms to remember
In Dialogue 4, both speakers use idioms to express their emotional
state. These idioms take possessive endings which, as we have
seen in Unit 3, change according to the grammatical subject.
In the dialogue, both speakers are speaking about themselves,
so they use the possessive endings of the first person singular:
iwim nbicagbl
| get bored (literally: ‘my stomach boils’)
XbIHbIM Keneai
it makes me mad (literally: ‘my anger comes out’)
iwek cinemM Karaab!

it is so funny (literally: ‘my intestines become hard’)
To6e wawbIM Tik Typaabl

| get scared (literally: ‘my top hair stands up’)

You are sharing your travel experiences with a friend. Enter the conver-
O sation. Make sure to use the recent past tense. You take the part of the
a second speaker.
FRIEND OTKeH XbiNbl Xa3na Camapkarra 6apabiM. CeH kaitna 6apabiH?

YOU [Say: last summer | was in Italy. Ask: have you seen ltaly?]
FRIEND WTanuaHbl ani kepreH xoknbiH. CeH Typkusiaa 6onabiH 6a?
YOU [Say: | was there five years ago. Ask: have you been to
China?]
FRIEND Wa, KbiTanfFa onumnuaga 6onfaHaa 6apabim.
YOU [Ask: did you like China?]
FRIEND ©OTe agemi xep!
Unit Thirfeen
Eapnblrbl e3rewle 6onartbiH
Everything used to be different
In this unit you will learn how to: Q

¢ rent an apartment
¢ use the ‘habitual past’ tense
e speak about city and village life
¢ make a hypothetical ‘if-then’ statement
® express your opinion
e express surprise and uncertainty
sBllelleTe
[
MoTepakbl KaHwa Typaabl? How much is the rent?
(CD 2; 45)
Zhanar is speaking to an estate agent.
WAHAP MeH eki benmeni natep iagen XypmiH.

ArEHT Kan aypaHHaHn?
WAHAP OpTanblkka XaKkbIHbIpaK OpHanackaH ayaaHaapaapaan.
AFEHT BIO@XeTiHi3 kaHwa?
WAHAP 15000-20000 TeHre apanbifbiHAA.
ArEHT Bbyn Garafa opranbikraH eki 6enmeni natep Taby KubiH. Mambip
biKwaM ayaaHeiHga 15000-fa 6ip 6enmeni natep Gap.
¥AHAP Mambip ayaaHbl XYMbICbIMHAH anbic.
AFEHT BypbiH Mamsbip aypaHbl 6enek aybin GonatbiH. Kasip on
KanaHblH, KypambiHAaa. Kenik katelHack! Tamawa.
190 Unit 13; Bapnbifbl e3rewe 6onaTbiH
HAHAP MNeTtep xaHa ynae mMe? Hewe kabatTbl yin?

ATEHT Mok, eki kabaTThl ecki yinae, Gipak xybiKTa xeHaenreH
natep. MaTep ekiHwi kabaTtTa opHanackaH. KeH 6ankoHsl
6ap. XXuhaspanraH. benmeae xanbinaTtelH AUBAH, KUIM
canartbiH Wwkan, Teneauaap 6ap.
HAHAP Ac Benmeci xabpbikTanfaH 6a?
AFEHT HUa, ac GenmeciHae TOHA3LITKbIL KAHE Kip XyaTblH MaLIUHE
6ap. Ac 6enmeci 6enek. XyblHaTeliH Genmeci meH
nepeTtxaHachl aa 6enex.
HAHAP Kepyre 6ona ma?
ArEHT Yakcbl, MeH yi neciHe xabapnacainbiH, cogaH KediH ciare
yaKbITblH xabapnanmbiH.
narepabl rent
narep apartment
aynaH district
biKWaM ayAaHbl neighbourhood
KYpamMblHaa part of (a city)
KeniK KaTbiHachbl commuting
weHaenreH repaired, renovated
ac 6enmeci kitchen
Kip XyaTelH MawmHe washing machine
XybIHaTbiH 6enme bathroom
AepeTxaHa toilet
YA uveci landlord

Listen to the text below on the accompanying CD. While listening, fill in
each of the blanks with one of the words provided. Use each word only
once. You can check your answers and read a translation of the text in
the key to the exercises.
6ankoH (‘balcony’) — xanpay (‘to rent’) - opranbigraHd (‘centre’)

— KaTblIHay (‘to commute’) - meHwik (‘to own’) - waKesb! kynge (‘in
Unit 13. Everything used to be different 191
good condition’) — ac 6enmeci (‘kitchen’) — 3an (‘living room’) -

TYprotH—yitep—ayaanbst{residentialarea) — OipiHwi Kabarra
(‘ground floor’) - ynbiKTanTLIH 6enme (‘bedroom’) — kanaHbIH WeTiHAE
(‘on the outskirts/in the suburbs’) - opTansbikTaH XbinbITY (‘central
heating’) — ekiHwi ka6ar (‘second floor’) - Tepese (‘window’)
MeHiH yRiMHIH TypfaH xepiHe keHiniM Tonagbl. On TypFbiH yAnep

aynaHblHAa OpHanackaH: MaHanaa saybiTrap XoK. YWim
Bipak afanaamara xakbiH OpHanacKaH >koHe XKYMbICKa KyHOe
aBTobycneH . MeHiH iHim natep
. An MeHiH yrim . MeH anenimmeH
XoHe exi banammeH TypambiH. MeHiH Mamam
MEH TaTeM Typaabl. YnkeH 6ap.
bankoHHaH yhAiH KaHblHOaFbl MNAPK XaKkCbl KepiHeai. biagin
yniMiagin WoHe
COHAbIKTaH KbICTa XbISbl. WwarfblH, Bipak 6i3 TamakTbl
6acka benmege iwemia. On Benmere KyH Xakcol Tyceai, cebebi eki
YNKeH 6ap. KiLWKeHTan,
6ipak GapnbifbiHa opbiH XeTeai. KoHakTapra apHanfax Genme ae
Gap. Bipey, bipak ynkeH. BapnbifbiMbi3 COHAA XWHANAaMbI3.
Exercise 2
You are looking for a 3-bedroom, furnished apartment with a balcony,
an equipped kitchen, a washing machine and a garage, that is not too
©
far from the city centre. You are meeting with an estate agent to enquire
about an apartment. Write down six questions that you will ask.

Below a Kazakh womman recalls some of her childhood memories, with ©
an emphasis on the things that she ‘would’ or ‘used to’ do at school.
While reading, also listen to the text on the accompanying CD. You will
find a translation in the key to the exercises.
Q
Men mekTenTi KeHec 3aMmaHbIiHOa askTagbiM. KeHec kesiHge 6inim 6epy
Xyweci earewe 6onaTbiH. MekTentep oHxbINAbIK 6onatbiH. bip knacta
25-30 okywbl oTblpaTbiHGbI3. Bi3 KyHiHe anTbl cabak OKUTbIHOLI3.
Myranimaep ete kaTan 6onaTbiH XaHe yii TancbipMacbiH yRin-Terin ken
6epeTiH. Ocipece apnebueT cabakTapbl eTe MaHblagbl 6onatbiH. i3 ken
KiTanTap OKMTbIHObI3. BacTaybilw CbiHbINTapaa 6apnbiFbIMbI3 OKTADPATKA
192 Unit 13; Bapnbifbl e3rewe 6onatbid
oTeTiHbI3, an TepTiHWIi CbiHbINTa NMoHepnep KatapbiHa KOCbiNaTbiHOLI3.

7-8-wi knactapaa komcomon bonatbiHobI3. Kyaae xoaHe kektemae 5-10-
CbIHbIN OKyLWbINapbl XM1i KONXo3aap MeH coBxo3dapra keMekTeceTiH. An
a3 yakbITbiHAA NUoHEeprepre Hemece KOMCOMOSAAPFa apHarfaH nareprnepre
BapaTbiHObLI3. Jlarepbae ken eneHaep yApeHeTiHbI3. 8p XakTaH KenreH
GananapmeH TaHbicaTbiHOLI3. BOC yaKbITbIMbIZ MynAeM GOMManThIH.
Language point
1 How to use the ‘habitual past’ tense
In Unit 12, we saw two types of past tense: the ‘recent past’ tense and
the ‘distant past’ tense. Here we review the ‘habitual past’ tense, a tense
used for actions or events that ‘used to’ or ‘would’ take place, but do
not any longer. Kazakhs use this tense especially when recalling memories,
often in combination with time adverbs such as 6ypbIH ‘before’, GipHewue
Xbin 6ypbIH ‘some years ago’ or 6aafbiga ‘a long time ago’.
To put a verb in the ‘habitual past’ tense, add to the stem of the
verb one of the ‘habitual past’ endings aTbiH/eTiH or WTbIN/ATIH and
one of the personal endings MbIH/MiH, CbIH/CIH, CbI3/Ci3 or 6bI13/6i3.
As usual, choose among the different endings on the basis of vowel
harmony and consonant assimilation.
If the verb stem ends on a consonant, choose the ending aTbiH
or eTiH. If the verb stem ends on a vowel, choose the ending #TbIH or
nTiH. Narrow your choice by looking at the vowel quality of the last
syllable of the verb. If the last syllable contains a back vowel, add
the ending aTbiH or utkIH. If it contains a front vowel, add the end-
ing eTiH or uTiH. Then, depending on the grammatical person of the
subject of the sentence, add a personal ending. (Keep in mind that
verbs in the third person do not take a personal ending.) For example:
Apan ynkeH ken 6on-aTbiH. Aral used to be a big lake.

MeH TeHHUC OMHA-UTbIH-MbIH. | used to play tennis.
CeH »ui ken-eTiH-CiH. You used to come often.
On napkTe cepyeHOe-WUTiH. He used to walk in the park.
Note that verbs such as Kow ‘to put’ and Toto ‘to eat enough’ take
the letter a before endings can be added. For example: Bi3 xwui
Unit 13: Everything used to be different 193
KOHLEPT KO-A-TbIH-Ob13 ‘We would often give concerts.’ Verbs such

as oky take the letter u before endings can be added. For example:
On ken oK-u-TbiH ‘He used to read a lot.’
To put a verb conjugated in the ‘habitual past’ tense in the nega-
tive, add to the stem of the verb one of the negative endings ma/me,
6a/6e or na/ne before adding one of the ‘habitual past’ endings and
one of the personal endings. For example:
ATam Kken cenne-me-uTiH. Grandfather would not speak

very much.
On Teneguaap Kkep-Me-UTiH. He would not watch TV.
Exercise 4 @
Long-time inhabitants of the city of Almaty are known to be nostalgic
for the Almaty of previous times. Find out what they are nostalgic for by
completing the sentences below, using the verbs provided. You may
look up unfamiliar words in the glossary at the back of the book.
Example 6ony — 6ony — 6ony — ecy — ceiney

Anmatbl Kanacbl 6ypbiH AcTaHa 6onaTbiH.
1 AnmartbiHbIH KelwenepiHae anma XaHe epik arawTapsl
2 AnmartbiHbIH ayackl Tasapak .

3 Anmartbl KanacblHblH, anHanacbiHga anma 6akrapebl
4 AnmMaTtbiHbIH TYPFbIHAAPL! OpbICLLA
Exercise 5 @
Each sentence below contrasts a past action with a present action. Fill
in each blank with a verb of your own choosing.
Example Mapart 6ypbiH TEHHVUC OMHATbIH, Ka3ip ronbd oRHaNALI.
1 MeH 6ypbliH Kode , ka3ip woai
2 bypbiH ken agamgap aybinga , ka3ip kanapa
3 bBypbiH xa3ywblnap KorMeH Ka3ip KOMMNboTEpPMEH

194 Unit 13: Bapnbifbl e3relwe 6onaTbIH
p Language point
2 How to make adjectives from verbs
(part 2)
As we have already seen in Unit 12, adjectives can derive from verbs.
In Kazakh these adjectives are not easily confused with actual verbs,
because they appear right before the noun they modify, whereas verbs
appear at the end of the sentence.
in Unit 12 we looked at adjectives that take one of the endings of
the ‘distant past’ tense and that are used to bring out a characteristic
of the noun they modify. For example: :xnhazaanfan narep ‘furnished
apartment’. Here we look at adjectives that are mostly used to reveal
a function of the noun they modify.
To make this type of adjective, add to the stem of the verb one of
the endings of the ‘habitual past’ tense, aTbiH/eTiH Or WTbIH/ATIH,
and put the resulting word in front of the noun it has to modify. As
usual, choose among the different endings on the basis of vowel
harmony and consonant assimilation. For example:
bIAbIC XY-aTbIH MAWWUHe dishwasher

Kip Xy-aTbiH MaLIUHE washing machine
Xanbin-aTbIH AUBaH convertible sofa
KWiM can-aTbiH WwKan cupboard for clothes (literally:
‘clothes-putting cupboard’)
Teneauaap KO-ATbIH ycTen TV table (literally: ‘TV-putting
table’)
XWHanN-aTbiH TaKra folding board
6i3 Typ-aThiH YA the house we live in (literally:
‘the we-live-in house’)
Since these adjectives are mostly used to attribute a function, the

nouns they modify tend to be inanimate objects. However, there are
some notable exceptions, including yin %wHa-WTbiH aWen ‘cleaning
lady’ and ken xyMblic icTenTiH agam ‘hardworking person’.
When describing actions, they refer to the present or future tense.
For example, the phrase MmeH TypaTbIH y# can be translated as ‘the
I-live-house’ or ‘I-will-live-in-house’'.
Exercise 6 &
In each of the word pairs below, turn the verb into an adjective and
place it before the noun. Each time the result is a well-known object.
Example «kocpe xacay — mawwmHe (‘coffee maker’)

Kode acalTbliH MaLUUHE
WhIpbIH Xacay — MawuHe (‘juice maker’)

HOON=
ansbictaH 6ackapy — Kypan (‘remote control’)

Tasanay — cymblk (‘cleaning liquid')
KOMnbloTep — Koio — ycren (‘computer table’)
Dialogue 2 4P
Aybinaa Typap ma eaiH? Would you live in
a village? (CD 2; 48) O
Aigul and Stacy are comparing city and village life.
CTarCcn KasakcTaHaa ken agamaap ani aybinga Typafbl eKeH.

Kana emipi MeH aybin eMipiHiH aibipMalUbINbifbl YrkeH 6e?
Arryn MeHiHwe, aybin KananaH ansic opHanacca,
anbipMaLbInbIFel YNkeH. Erep kanara xakblHbIpaK
opHanacca, aviblpMallbifibiFsl a3aay gen OMnaiMbiH,
Ken apnampap aybinAbIKTapabl apTTa KanFaH gen caHanabl. MeH
Oyn nikipmeH kenicnenimiH. Cebebi kasip kanTagoH, HTEepHeT
CURAKTbI aKnapaTtTblK Kypanaap ken, COHAbIKTaH aybinablH
TypfbiHAapbl BypLiHFbIAal aknapartTan Geixabap emec.
ctancu [ypbic adTacbiH. CeHiMEH TONbIFbIMEH KeniceMiH.
Aaryn Erep xymbic Tabbinca, MeH e3iM fie aybinaa Typap egiMm.
Aybinaa TypyablH apThiKWbINbIKTapbl ken. AysinfgbiH ayacs
Tasa, aybin agampapbl TaburaTka XakblH, COHAbIKTaAH
6onap, aybin agamaapb! aK keHin, aHkay 6onaabi.
cTancy LUbiHbiIMeH Ge? Aybinaa Typap ma efin?
ARrYn Wa, Typap eaim.
cTancu Erep ayeinpa TypcaH He ictep efiiH?
Aaryn Erep aybinga Typcawm, 6ay-6akwa erep egim. Myngep
ecipyre Tbipbicap eaiM, MyMKiH XeMicTep ecipep eaim.
196 Unit 13: Bapnbifbl e3rewe 6onartbiH
CTaNCH bipak ymbiTna, aybin TYPMbICLIHbIH KeMLWIiNikTepi ge

XeTepnik. Aybin agamaapbiHblH TaHaaybl Kal XarblHaH
6onca pa wekrtenrex.
AUrYN On pac. Keiiae aybinaa xymblC MYMKIHAIKTEPI Mynaem
6onmanapl. QykeHaep MeH oMbiH-cayblk OpbIHOAPb! Aa XOK.
CTanCH Bonawakra xafgav earepeai gen onnaicblH 6a?
AUrYN MeHiHwe, e3repegi. XXeni apkbinsl cayaa xacay Aambin
kenegi. Erep »on canacol akcapca, aybinabiKrapra
Kanara kaTtblHay XeHinipek 6onagbi. Keneci 10-15 xbinga
ayblnabIKTapAblH Xafaanbl xakcapaabl Aen YMITTEHEMIH.
CTanCH TyciuHikTi. Ken xactapablH aybingapbiH Tactan, kanafa
KewwyiHiH cebebi ocbl Ma?
AMYn Ma. Erep aybin TYpPMbICHI MEH Kana TYPMbICbIHbIH
anbipMalbIfbifbl @3aica, kenTereH agamaap
aybingapsiHga kanap egi.
| aybin village ‘ ApTLIKWbLINLIK advantage

" Kana emipi city life I Kemuwinik disadvantage
|
anbipMmawbinbik difference ! aK KeHin kind
apTra Kanrad backward | aHKay naive, honest
|
i aknapartTbiK information | b6ay-6aKwa ery to garden
Kypanaap tools f weKTey to limit
| 6erxabap uninformed I olbIH-CayblK entertainment
Language point
3 How to make a hypothetical ‘if-then’
statement
As we saw in Unit 4, you can make a conditional statement in Kazakh

by making an ‘if-then’ sentence. Begin the ‘if’-clause of the sentence
with the word erep ‘if’, insert the non-verbal information (direct and
indirect objects, modifiers of time and place) and conclude the ‘if’-
clause by adding to the stem of the verb one of the conditional endings
ca or ce as well as one of the personal endings. Choose among the
different endings on the basis of vowel harmony and consonant

assimilation. Conclude the ‘then’-clause of the sentence with a verb
in the future tense. (For a full discussion of the future tense, see Unit 4.)
Note that in informal or colloquial speech, you can drop the word erep
‘ift from the sentence without changing the meaning. For example: YakbiTbim
6onca, caraH TenedoH coramblIH. ‘If | have time, | will call you.’
As you may have noticed in Dialogue 2, ‘if-then’ statements take
a different form when they are hypothetical. For example: Erep
aybinga typcam, 6ay-6akwa erep egim. ‘If | lived in a village, | would
cultivate a garden.’ This statement is purely hypothetical: the speaker
lives in the city and has no concrete plans to move to a village.
To make a hypothetical ‘if-then’ statement in Kazakh, do the fol-
lowing. Present the ‘if’-clause (that is, the condition) as you would in
a non-hypothetical situation: add to the stem of the verb one of the
conditional endings ca or ce as well as one of the personal endings.
Make only the ‘then’-clause of the sentence hypothetical: add to the
stem of the verb one of the hypothetical endings ap or ep, follow
the verb with the auxiliary word eai and add to this auxiliary word
one of the personal endings M, H, Hi3 or k.
Choose between the conditional endings ap and ep by looking
at the vowel quality of the last syllable of the verb stem. If the last
syllable contains a back vowel, add the ending ap. If it contains a
front vowel, add the ending ep. Also choose the personal ending that
needs to be added to the auxiliary word eai on the basis of vowel
harmony. For example:
Erep waHObIp xaymaca, Tayfa Gap-ap epfi-k.

If it did not rain, we would go to the mountains.
KoMnbtoTepiM xaHa 6onca xyMbICTbl Tesipek Gitip-ep eai-m.

If | had a new computer, | would finish this work faster.
Erep akwa yTbin ancaH He icT-ep egi-H?

What would you do if you won money?
Exercise 7 @
What would you do if you were in Kazakhstan now? Or, if you are in
Kazakhstan, what would you do if you went to another city or region of
Kazakhstan? List at least five things you would do. Keep in mind that
the word erep ‘if’ is optional.
198 Unit 13: Bapnbifbl e3rewe 6onaTbiH
/@ Language point
4 How to express your opinion
Here we review three common ways of expressing your opinion in

Kazakh. The most straightforward way is to put the phrase MeHiH
nikipimwe or the abbreviated form meHniHwe (both of which mean ‘in
my opinion’) at the beginning of your sentence.
By changing the possessive ending, you can also use this phrase
or its abbreviated form to refer to someone else’s opinion, as you can
see below:
CeHiHwe oOr ceHiH NikipiHwe in your opinion

cisgiHwe or ciagin nikipiniswe in your [polite] opinion
OHbIH niKipiHwe in her/his opinion
6i3nin nikipimiswe in our opinion
onapAbIH nikipiHwe in their opinion
To express your opinion, you can also use phrases such as gen
ovnanmbiH ‘| think that’, gen cenemiHn ‘| believe that’ or gen
yMiTTeHemiH ‘| hope that’. Keep in mind that in Kazakh verbs always
appear at the end of the sentence. So express the actual content
of your opinion first, before adding one of these phrases at the end.
For example:
Kana TypMbICbl CTpeccke ToNbl Aen oMNanMbIH.

City life is full of stress, | think.
Aybin TYPMBbICDHI XaKcapagbl Aen CeHeMiH.

Village life will improve, | believe.
EpTeH xaHObIp xaymainabl aen yMiTreHeMiH.

It will not rain tomorrow, | hope.
To make clear that your opinion is informed by a reputable source,

use one of the following phrases at the beginning of your sentence:
3epTrey HaTuxenepi 6oAbiHwWwa according to research results

cratucTuka 6oMbiHWA according to statistics
caHaK HaTuxeci 60AbIHWA according to the census
Onapgab! kim cangbl ekeH? | wonder who painted

them? (CD 2; 49) O
Stacy is talking to Aidyn about petroglyphs found in the region
outside Almaty.
cTancn bis eTkeH antaga Tamransl Tacka 6apablk. Tactapaarbl

netpornudTep MeH byanaHbiH keckiHaepiH kepaik.
AabiH - Tamrane! Tac KynusFa Tonkl, 6ipaK TonkIiK 3aepTTenMerex.
TapuxweinapabiH aiTybiHWA, aiMakTarel neTpornndTepain
ke0i Kona fayipiHae canbiHFaH.
croancn bynna 6enHenepiH kiMaep canabl ekeH?
AnObiH - ByanaHnbl 10-facbipaa byaaansik MUCCMOHepNep carnfaH
nereH 6onxkam 6ap, an Tafbl Gipeynep 17-wi facoipaa
Kewneni KanublKTap canfaH Aen caHangbl.
cTancn We, oHaarbl xalbanap TMbeT xaHe kanMulK Tininae penpi,
ocbl 6omkam aypeic 6onybl MyMkiH. Bipak, kim 6ineni?!
AabiH - Kenbip xa3abanap caHCKpUT TiniHAE Xa3binFaH, COHOLIKTaH
MMUCCUOHEpNEpP canybl Aa MYMKIH.
croncn MymkiH. Tamranel Tactarsl netpornudTep ap Typni
ke3eHae nanaa 6onraH. Benkim on xepae keHe Tannanap
facbipnap Goiibl AiHM pacimgep eTkisreH Gonap.
AnabiH - KeniceMiH.
! Tac
e stone
AR Kxewneni nomadic
o
q Byana Buddha | Kanmaxrap Kalmyks
! keckin drawing Ke3leH period
’ aeprTey to research KeHe TaWnanap ancient tribes
'j Kxona aeyipi Bronze Age l AiHN pacim religious rituals
" Gonmkam hypothesis eTisy to conduct,
. Tarbl Gipeynep some people perform
200 Unit 13; Bapnbirbl e3rewe 6onaTbiH
fi Language point
5 How 1o express surprise and uncertainty
In Dialogues 2 and 3 we saw how the modal word ekeH expresses won-
der or surprise, and how the modal words MymkiH and wbiFap express
possibility or uncertainty.
The modal word eken always appears at the end of a sentence
and always implies that the information given in the sentence is new
and surprising to the speaker. For example:
KasakctaHga ken agamgap ani aybinga Typaabl eKeH.
In Kazakhstan many people still live in villages. | did not know that.
Mapar epTeH AcTaHara 6apanbl eKeH.

| have found out/it turns out that Marat is going to Astana.
When you add the modal word eken at the end of a question, you express
a similar kind of surprise: wonder. For example: Byana 6eiHenepiu
Kimaep canabl ekeH? | wonder who painted the images of Buddha?
The modal words MyMKkiH and bikTuMan also appear at the end
of sentences. They, too, imply that the information given in a sentence
is possible but not certain to the speaker. When you want to specu-
late about the past or future, add to the infinitive of the verb of the
sentence one of the possessive endings and one of the personal
endings, and follow it with one of these two modal words. For example:
XKybikra KekweTtayra 6apy-bim MYMKiH.

Soon | may go to Kokshetau. (Literally: ‘Soon my going to
Kokshetau is possible.’)
XaHbbIp xay-ybl bIKTUMan.
it may rain. (Literally: ‘The raining is possible.’)
Similarly, you can also use the modal word wbifap ‘maybe’ or its
synonym 6onap, which is made of the verb 6ony ‘to be’, to speculate
about the past or future. To speculate about the past, add to the stem
of the verb one of the ‘distant past’ tense endings faH/reH or KaH/keH
and follow the verb with this modal word or its synonym. For example:
Mapar kenreH 6onap. Maybe Marat came.

Bankim Tamranbl TabblHaTbIH Tamgaly must have been
xep 6onfaH wWbIFap. a place for praying.
To speculate about the future, add to the verb stem one of the
habitual endings aTbiH/etit or UTbIH/iTiH and follow the verb with
this modal word or its synonym. For example:
Y aHObIp xaymanTbIH WbiFap. I guess it will not rain.

Bonar xenmeiTin Gonap. | think Bolat will not come.
To speculate about the future, you can also use the combination of
one of the hypothetical endings ap or ep and a personal ending. For
example: MeH epTeH TenedoH cofF-ap-MblIH. ‘| may call tomorrow.’
Note that the phrase kim 6ineai ‘who knows?’ and the word 6ankim
‘possibly’ can appear at the beginning of such sentences.
Exercise 8 ‘@
Translate the statements below. Express the speaker’s wonder or surprise
by using the modal word ekeH.
Example She works in a hospital. | didn’t know that.

On aypyxaHana XyMbIC icTeiai ekeH.
Marat’s girlfriend is beautiful. Who would have thought it?

=
This computer is good. I'm surprised.

bhWN
I have found out that Astana was an old fortress a long time ago.
It turns out that Almaty’s old name is Vernyi.
| wonder if it will it rain?
O
| wonder for what purpose the paintings were used.
Exercise 9 @
Balbals are sculptures that are found across the steppe of Eurasia. Just
like the petroglyphs of Tamgaly Tas (which were discussed in Dialogue
3), balbals raise many questions. Find out what the common hypotheses
are about the origin and purpose of balbals and, using the modal words
MyMKiH and wbiFap, write down the hypotheses below.
202 Unit 13: Bapnbifbl e3rewe 6onartbiH

You are looking for an apartment to live in. An estate agent is returning
O your call. Enter the conversation. You take the part of the second speaker.
&
AGENT Cenewmertcis 6e! Ci3 xanpayfra natep iapen xypcia 6e?
YOU [Say: yes, | need a two-room apartment.]
AGENT Kextem ayaaHbiHaa 6ip natep 6ap.
YOU [Ask: on which floor is the apartment? Ask: is it furnished?)
AGENT Matep ekiHwi kabaTtTa, xxuhaspanraHx.
YOU [Ask: how much is the rent per month?]
AGENT AwnbiHa 500 gonnap.
Unit Fourteen
Aybipbin KangbiMm
| fell sick
Inthis unt you wilt legiy how for., ..,

e speak about health issues
¢ report someone else’s speech
e describe an action or event that you have not witnessed
¢ describe parts of the human body
* describe appearances
¢ say '‘because’ and ‘that’s why’
Kawn xepiHi3 aybipbin Typ? What is bothering you?

(CD 2; 51)
Zhanar is seeing a doctor.
OSPIFEP Kait xepiHi3 aybipbin Typ?

¥AHAP Tyna 6oibiM KanTbipan, TaMarbiM xaHe bacbim
ayblpFaHblHa eki kyH Gongbil.
NoPIrEP blcTbifbIHbI3ALI enweaiHia 6e?
WAHAP Kewe kewke bicTbifbiM 38 6onfaH, 6yriH TanepTeH 39-Fa
KeTepinin kerTi.
osPIrer XKetenin xypcia 6e?
WAHAP Ua, xeTeniM KaTThbl.
OePIrEP XKenaeHiaai kOTepiHi3, eKkNeHiaai ThiHOaNbIH.
WAHAP [She breathes in and out.]
204 Unit 14: Aybipsin Kangbim
NSPIrEP Oknekj3 Tasa. KayinTi elunapce »ok. Ciare CyblK TUreH.

MeH cisre aapi xa3bin 6epemiH. [lapixaHagaH anbliHpl3.
Cisre Gip eki kyH yiiae xaTy kepek. CyibiKTbl kebipek
iLiHi3 waHe aemanbiHbl3. Erep Teyip 6onMacaHbia, MaraH
TenedoH CofbiHbI3.
HAHAP YyMbiC OpHbIMa aHbiKTama xas3bin Gepeci3 6e?
DOPITEP OpuHe, aHbIKTaMaHbI3 MiHe.
%B Vocabulary
Tyna 6oibl whole body
KanTbipay to shiver, to tremble
bICTbIK enwey to measure a temperature

Kxetepiny to go up
weten cough
exne lung
KayinTi dangerous
CYbIK TUIO to catch a cold
napi xa3uin 6epy to prescribe medicine
Toyip Gony to feel better
aHbIKTama ¥a3bin G6epy to write a medical note
O BN B
Dopirep He peni? What did the doctor say?
(CD 2; 52)
Zhanar is calling her office.
HAHAP Conem bonart. byn XaHap fou.

BONAT ConemM! YXyMbiCTa XOKCbIH fOi, He 6onabl?
WAHAP MeH aybIpbin KanabIM, KaTTbl CyblK TUIN KanbinTbi. Con
cebenTi 6YriH xymbicka 6apa anMagbiM.
BONAT OuneipMaid, xxamaH 6onfaH ekeH. Xeaen-xapaem
wakblpabiH, 6a?
Unit 14: | fell sick 205
WAHAP Kok, pepirepre e3iMm 6apabiM.

BONAT TyMmay ma? [apirep He aeai?
WAHAP [lopirep «KkayinTi ewHapce XOK, CybIK TUreH, yinae Gip-exki
KYH XaTy Kepek» aefi.
BONAT OpuHe, abaeH xasbinFaHwa yiae xat. Emaen, e3iHai kyT.
Kemek kepek ne?
WAHAP ok, kaxeT emec. Paxmert, bonar. BacTbiKTbl eckepTin
KoAicblH 6a?
BONAT Yalbimpama. bacTbikka afaanbiHabl TyciHAIpin
anTaMmblH.
A elele]olVile]yY
i aybipbin Kany to fall sick emaeny to treat oneself
* oinbipmait ouch!, oh! KyTy to take care
i; *egen xeppem ambulance eckepty to warn
f TYMay flu warnan situation
f abneH completely, fully ‘ TyciHgipy to explain
E Ka3biny to recover !
Dialogue 3
\\7
BenocunearteH kynan kangbiMm | have fallen off

a bike (CD 2; 53) O
Kanat is seeing a doctor.
KAHAT Ara, KonbiMAb! ayblpTein anabiM. Kapan 6epiiawi.

OoPIrEP Kanait aybipTbin anabiH?
KAHAT BenocuneaTteH kynan KanabiM.
OBPIrEP KaHe, kepceTili KonbliHAbI? Kait xepi aybipbiit Typ?
KAHAT MiHe, WbIHTaFbIM.
paPIreP TyciHikTi, aypyxaHara b6ipaeH keny kepek efi. LbiHTarbIH
CbIHbIN KanbINTbl.
KAHAT bace, Here KaTTbl aybipbin Typ Aecem. EHai onepauun
Xacay kepek ne?
206 Unit 14: Aybipbin KangbiM
OOPIrEP MyMKiH. AnabiMeH KONbIHAbI PeHTreHre TyCipy Kepex.

PeHTreHre xongama xasbin 6epemiH. HaTumxkeciH maraH
anbin ken.
KAHAT XXamaH 6onabl foi. CabaFbiMabl He iCTeMMIH?
OOPIFEP YaibiMaaMa, ani-aK Xasbifbin KeTeai.
%B Vocabulary
aybipThin any to hurt 6ace that is why
Kynan xany to fall down | onepauun surgery
WbLIHTaK elbow | peHTreHre tycipy to make an X-ray
aypyxaHa hospital wonpama referral
CbiHbIN Kany to break HOTUKE result
Language point
1 How to speak about health issues
If you know that someone has health problems, you can ask about
his/her health by saying:
DeHcaynbifbiK Kanan? How do you feel?

Tayipcia 6e? Do you feel better?
KeHin-xyninia kanan? How is your mood?
Xy3ix 603apbin Typ fou, 6ip You look pale, is anything
XepiH aybipbin Typ Ma? hurting?
If you feel unwell, you can indicate this by saying:
AybIpbin TYPMbIH. I'm not feeling very well.

BacbiM aybipbin Typ. | have a headache.
lwim aybipbin TYp. | have a stomach ache.
TamarbiM aybipbin TYP. | have a sore throat.
Ticim kakcan Typ. | have toothache.
Apkam aybipsin TYp. My back is hurting.
XKyperim anHbIn TYP. | feel sick.
Unit 14: [ fell sick 207
If you have a medical condition, you can describe it by saying:
Xyperim aybipagbl. | have heart problems.

bynperim aybipagbl. I have kidney problems.
KaH KbICbIMbIM XOFfapbl. My blood pressure is high.
Annepruam 6ap. | have an allergy.
AcTmameH aybipaMbiH. | have asthma.
You can describe your current mood by saying:
Wapwan TypMmbIH. | feel tired.

KeHin ky#im 6onman Typ. I'm in a bad mood.
If you have recently sustained an accident or injury, you can indicate

this by saying:
CaycafbiMAabl Kecin anabiM. | have cut my finger.

AAFbIMAabI aybIpTbIN anabiM. I have hurt my foot.
BacbiMAbl COFbIN angbIiM. | have hit my head.
Konbimabl Kyiaipin anabim. | burnt my hand.
KonbiMAbl CbiHALIPbLIN anabiM. | broke my hand.
lWawanbin kKanabiM. I choked.
YnaHbin kangbim. I have been poisoned.
Exercise 1
Match each of the injuries in the left column with a symptom in the right ‘@
column.
OfaH CybiK TUIN Kanapi KaH afbin Typ

ON KOMbIH Kecin angbl cevnen anmanabl
OnN asfblH ayblpTbin angbl XKyripe anmangbl
OHbIH TaMafbl aybIpbIn TYP bICTbIFbl XXOFapb!
OHbIH KOJIbl CbiHbIN Kanabl uMTpycC Xeyre 6onmaiabl
OHbIH annepruAcsl 6ap KOmbl aybipbin Typ
Exercise 2
In each column are listed the symptoms of a common ilness. Read the ‘@
symptoms and fill in the name of the iliness above.
208 Unit 14: Aybipbin Kanabim
ynaHbin kanraH
On Tywkipeai, On - ancis, OHbiH Xyperi ToaTTi 6ip Hapce

MYPHBIHaH cy yhKbICbl keneai, anHbIN, Ken wece, aeHeci
afanbl, eTenedi, Tamak iwyre 3aykbl KyCTbl, Tamak iwe 6Geprin, kea3i
bICTbIFbI KETEpINeai. coknanabl. anmangpl. KbllunAbI.
@ Inlfellele SN
Xapblk ceHin kanbinTbl The light has gone out
(CD 2; 54)
Arman and Sagat are trying to turn on the TV.
APMAH Teneauaapabl KOCWbI, caraT 7-ae kHo Gonagabi.

CAFAT [MynbT Kanpa?
APMAH MynbT xyMbIc icTemeliai, 6atapescol 6iTin kanoinTbl. Kocy
TynmeciH 6ac.
CAFAT Kocbinmainabl. Teneaupap CbiHbin KanfaH 6a?
APMAH Mymkin emec! XKaHa Teneaupap foi. XXapblk 6ap Ma ekeH,
TekcepLuil
CAFAT Wa, xapblK COHIN KanbInThbl.
APMAH OTbIpbIN KyTKEHHEH §acka aman oK.
@ Vocabulary
TeneanpnapAabl Kocy to turn on the TV
nyner remote control
6iTin kany to die, to run out

KOCy Tynmeci power button
Hapblk light, electricity
ceHin kany to be cut off
| Texcepy to check
aman Xok nothing to do
Phrases to remembaer (audio online) s*’%"’%

LWam ceHin Kanabl.
The light has gone out.
Komnbiotepim G6y3binbin Kanabl.

My computer has broken.
KamepamnbiH 6aTapeschbl OTbIpbIn Kanabl.

My camera’s battery has died.
Kintimai worantbin anabiMm.

I’'ve lost my key.
Kintimai Taybin angbim.

I've found my key.
CeMmkemai ypnaTtbin anabiMm.

My bag has been stolen.
Axwawm 6itin kanabl.

| have run out of money.
ATbIH YMbITbIN KanabiM.

I have forgotten his name.
MacnopTbiMAbl YMbITbIN KeTinmniH.

I've left my passport behind.
Dialogue 5
XeHgen anmanmbiH geai He said that he cannot
repair it (CD 2; 55) O
Zhanar and Alma are discussing Zhanar's broken watch.
WAHAP CaraTbIM XypMewnai, CbiHbIN KanbinTel. XKaHa carar anybim

Kepex.
ANMA Batapesicbl OTbIpbIN KanfaH Wbirap. baTapesckiH
aybICTbipAbIH 6a?
210 Unit 14: Aybipbin KanabiM
WAHAP U8, aybiCcTbipabIM.

ANMA YKeHpetyre bonatbiH 6onap. Carar webepide anapabiH 6a?
XAHAP Anapgbim. Carar webepi «6yn carat XanoHusga
XacanraH, XeHaew anMaviMbiH» aengi.
ANMA Kal aykeHHeH caTbin anbin efiH? Keningemeci 6ap ma?
WAHAP LIYM-HaH catbin anfaHMbiH. KeninaemeciHii mMepsiMi eTin
ketinTi. CaTywbl XeHAeTy KbiMbaT genpi.
ANMMA OKiHiWTI, an-saeMi caraTTbl Kanan TacTancbiH?
%B Vocobulo_ry
wenaey to repair
aybICTLIpY to replace
carar webepi watch repairer
Keningeme guarantee
mep3imi eTin kety to expire
OKiHIWTi it is a pity
Tacray to dispose of, to throw away
p Language point
2 How to report someone else’s speech
As you may have noticed in the dialogues, to report someone else’s

speech, you should use the verb aey ‘to say’, not the synonymous
verb anty ‘to tell, to say'. For reported speech, you can also use
compound verbs such as gen anTTbiM ‘| said’ (literally: ‘| told saying
that’), aen xayan 6epaim ‘| answered saying that', aen cypagbim ‘|
asked’ (literally: ‘I asked saying that’).
In Kazakh the phrase that signals that the content of a sentence
is reported speech is split up: the subject appears at the beginning
of the sentence, the verb aey or the compound verb appears at the
end of the sentence and the speech being reported appears verbatim
(i.e. unchanged) in between. For example:
Acbin «epTeH kenemiH» peai.

Asyl said that he is coming tomorrow. (Literally: ‘Asil “I'm
coming home” said.’)
AWryn «ayblipbin KanabiM» aegi.

Aigul said that she is sick. (Literally: ‘Aigul “I'm sick” said.’)
Hepirep «onepauus xacay kepek» aen xayan 6epai.

The doctor answered that surgery is needed. (Literally: ‘The
doctor “surgery is needed” saying answered.’)
Exercise 3 ‘@
You and your friend Saken have invited friends for a party. In reply, some
of your friends have left a message on your voice mail. Report to Saken
what they have told you, using the verbs geai ‘he/she said that’ or aen
xayan 6epai ‘he/she answered, saying that'.
Example [uHa: 6apa anmalriMbiH, KELLKe XuHanbicbim Gap

Ovha G6apa anmaiimbiH gen xayan 6epai.
layxap: 6aybipcak nicipin akenemiu

EpxaH: carat 9-aa kenemiH, rutapa ana kenemid
Cnasa: fleHa 6apmaca, meH ae 6apManiMbiH
Jlena: CnasameH Gipre kenemiH
ApmaH: WwapLian XypMiH, yire 6apambiH
OraH He 6onbInTbI? What has happened to him?

(CD 2; 56)
Zhanar and Saule are sharing news about their acquaintances.
WAHAP EcrTigin 6e, ApMaH aypyxaHa Tycin KanbinTbl.

CoYNE Yok, ecTireH xoKnbliH. OfaH He 6onbinTbl?
WAHAP JKyMbiCcTa OTbipFaHa aybipbin KanbinTbl. XXyperi CUAKTbI.
coyne CarfaH KiMm anTTbl?
212 Unit 14; Ayblpbin KangbiM
WAHAP AWMaH TenedoH COKTbl. Kewke Gananapabl MekTenTte ansin

KeTyimai eTiHgi. ©3i aypyxaHaaa OTbIp eKeH.
COYNE ApmaH Tayip 6onbin na?
WAHAP Wa, Tayip 6onbinTel. [epirep kayinTi ewuHapce xok, ageMany
Kepek genti.
%B Ve oo
, aypyxaHara Tycy to be taken to a hospital
wypek heart
anbin Kety to pick up
| OTiHy to ask, to request
| Tayip 6ony to feel better
i KayinTi dangerous
,@ Language point
3 How to describe an action or event you
have not witnessed
In Kazakh there is a past tense that you can use to emphasize that
you have not witnessed the action or event to which you are referring
in your sentence. Kazakhs use this tense especially to relay news that
they have heard from someone else, to tell folk tales and to recount
their dreams. Since this tense always implies that the speaker is not
the source of the information, Kazakhs use this tense for gossiping
as well.
To conjugate a verb in this past tense, add to the stem of the verb
one of the endings bIn or in and follow it by one of the personal
endings NbIH/NiW, CbIH/CiK, TbI/TI Or NbLI3/Ni3. For example:
Caman Mackeyre keT-in-Ti. Samal went to Moscow

[l was told].
Mapar neH AixaH Ganansl Marat and Aizhan had a baby
6on-bIn-Thbl. {I was told].
To put this tense in the negative, add to the stem of the verb one of
the negative endings ma/me, 6a/6e or na/ne and follow it with the
ending n and one of the personal endings. For example:
On ani yiuneH-6e-n-Ti. He has not married yet [I've heard)].

Caman MackeyneH Samal has not come back from
KenMenrTi. Moscow yet [I've heard].
Exercise 4 @
Relay the news that you have heard.
Example
News from Aliya: MeHiH ynbiM xac cypeTwinep bankayblHa
KaTbiCbin, GipiHWI OpbIHAbI XEeHin angsl.
You (at a later time): @nuAHbLIK yNbl xac cypeTuwinep GaikayblHa
KaTbicbin, yNbl 6ankayaaH GipiHWwi opbiHAA XeHin anbinTbl.
1 News from Saken: MeH JloHaoHHaH kewe kengim.

You (at a later time):
2 News from the TV: MHaoHeansga Tafbl xep CinkiHAi.
You (at a later time):
Exercise 5 @
Read the below list of the most common exterior body parts (aeHe
Mylenepi).
bac head UblIK shoulder

wawl hair Keyae chest
MaHAaau forehead apka back
KO3 eye Kon hand
MYPbIH nose caycak finger
aybI3 mouth ank leg, foot
Kynak ear Tize knee
MOWbIH neck
Exercise 6
Match each of the body parts in the left column with a verb in the right
column so as to make common idiomatic expressions. You may look
up unfamiliar words in the glossary.
Kon naey
Waw \ Kkepy
bac anbicy
MypbiH Ticrey
Kac KeTepy
ToipHak Tapay
@« ollellele V=W ;
¥3bLIH 60MNbI XiriT ne? Is he that tall guy? (CD 2; 57)
Zhanar introduces her classmates to Saule.
HAHAP ApMaHabl TaHUCLIH 6e?

COYNE TypiH GinMenMiH, KancoIChI?
WAHAP ¥3blH GoWnbl, Kapa TOpb! XiriT.
CavNE [uvHaHbIH XaHblHAa TypFaH aaeMi XiriT ne?
XAHAP Ws, pnon e3i. [lusaHaa OTbIpFaH y3blH WALLThI KbI3 AAMaH.
COYNE AMMaHHbIH XaHblHAA OTbIPFaH capbl Kbi3 KiM?
HWAHAP Wawbl Kbicka Kbia 6a? On Mawpa.
Cavyne AHay 6unen XypreH xiriT Kim?
HAHAP Kancol? OpTta 60Mnbl, aK KennekTi Xirit ne?
COYNE YKok, kapa ceuTepni, Wwatlbl HyiApa XiriTTi adTaMblH.
HAHAP A-a-a, on AnabiH fON.
@ Vocabulary
TaHy to be acquainted wirir guy, young man
TYP appearance, look aen esi exactly
| kapa Topbl dark-skinned capb! Kbi3 blonde girl
| apnemi pretty, handsome Gyipa curly
Language point Q
4 How to describe appearances
When you want to find out about someone’s appearance, ask the
question OHbIK TYpPi kaHgan? ‘What does she/he look like?’
To describe someone’s appearance, use adjectives that derive
from nouns. For a detailed discussion of how to make such adjec-
tives, see Unit 11. For example: KanpaT Kkapa WawTbl, KEH UbIKTbI,
y3blH Oonnbl xirit. ‘Kairat is a black-haired, wide-shouldered and
tall guy.’
Alternatively, you can describe someone’s appearance by adding
one of the possessive endings to both the body part and to the per-
son to whom the body part belongs. For a detailed discussion of how
to use possessive endings, see Unit 3. For example: KanpatTbiy
Wwawbl Kapa, Ubifbl KeH, 60ibl ¥3bIH XiriT. ‘Kairat’s hair is black, his
shoulders are wide and his height is tall.’

Read the descriptions of the three people pictured below. While reading,
also listen to the descriptions on the accompanying CD.
°
»
HaTtawaHbiH wawsl PaywaH — Tonbikwa MapxaH y3blH KOHbIP

capbl XeHe KbiCka. KenreH, kapa WalTbl, walThbl Kbi3. On kapa
On opta 6oWnel, Kbicka Bonnsl, Ke3ai, y3blH 6ok,
Tangsipmald, CYWKIMA Kbl3. akkyba Kpbi3.
CcbiMbaTTLI Kbl3.
Exercise 8
Respond to the questions below by describing three people you know,
each time using one of the adjectives provided in brackets.
OHbiH 60iMbl KaHaan? (y3biH 60MNbI-KbICKA 60NbI-OpTa 60MNBI)

1
2
3
OHblH AeHecCi KaHaan? (apbiK-TangbipMall-TONbIK)
Wawbl kaHaan? (y3bIH-KbICKA-TY3y-6yhpa)
Kesi kaHpan? (ynkeH-KOM Ke3fi-CbifbIp)
Ber-anneTi kaHQan? (aaemi-cynkimgi-rapTbiMabl)
¢ LR
KapbiM-KaTbIHac MaHbI3Abl
6onraHabikTaH Because a relationship matters
(CD 2; 59)
Friends are discussing Facebook.
MAKCAT ®aincbyk Typanbl He orinanceiHaap?

WAHAP ®ancbyk Typanbl MeHiH NikipnepiM Kapama-KanwbinbiKka
Tonbl. Bip xafbiHaH ®ancOyK KonaaHylubiFa ken
MYMKIHZIKTEp yCbiHaabl, an ekKiHWi XafblHaH afamHbIH Ken
yaKbITblH anagpl.
APMAH MeH ®aiicbykke xybiKTa TipKenreHaikTeH, ani ken nikipiM
XOK. TaHbicTapMeH xabapnacbin Typyfa biHFalnbl ekeH.
8CEM [locTapbiM MeH TaHbICTapbiM AyHWEHIH TepT GypbilwbiHAa
bonraHabiKTaH, PancbykTi conapMeH xabapnacbin Typy
YWiH KongaHaMbiH.
MAKCAT [locTapblHMeH 3neKTPOoHAbIK nowTa apkbinbl Aa
xabapnacbin Typyra 6onaaepl.
WAHAP OpuHe, OYPbIC alNTaCbIH, 3NEKTPOHABIK NOLWTaMEH
apanacyfa 6onapbl. bipaK ®ancbyk KapbiM-KkaTbiHACTbl
*eninpgereni. Cebebi nocTapbiHHbIH NapakwacbiHaa
onapgblH COHfbI CypeTTepi Typaabl, kaHaan Aa 6ip Hapce

Typanb! nNiKipnepiH xasaasl, eMipnepiHaeri xaHanbIKTap
Typanbl xabapbiH 6onagsb!.
APMAH MeHiHWwe, PaNchyk ‘AOCTLIK' AereH ceaaiH MarbiHaCbiH
ap3anpaatbin xibepeni. OUTKeHI coHWwaMa ken agamMmeH
aoc 6ony MyMKiH eMec KOM.
9CEM MeH ceHiH 6yn nikipiHMeH kenicnenmiH. Cebebi OaRCOyKTi
TeK kaHa JOCTbIK YLWiH emec, 6acka makcaTTapaa
KonaaHyfra 6onaabl. Mbicanbi, 613HeC yLWiH Hemece
KOFaMAabIK MiKip KanbinTacTbipy YLiH.
MAKCAT Xanno $aiicbykTi apThiK Kypan Aen caHaiMbiH. Cebebi
XyMbicbl 6ap agamMHblH ®3icOyk napakwackiHaa y3aK
OTbIpyFa yakbiTbl 6onManapbl.
MWAHAP MeHiHwe ap HapceHi WeKTeH acbipmayfa 6onaapl.
DdancbykTi KonpaHyra fa 6onaabl, XaKkcbl XYMbIC icTeyre
ne 6onapnpl.
MAKCAT On pa aypbic WibiFap.
nikip opinion
Kapama-Kanwbinblk contradiction
KONAaHyWbI user
MYMKIHAIK possibility, opportunity
Tipkeny to register
apanacy to be friends
KapbiM-KaTblHac relationship
XeHinperty to make easy
napakiua page
AOCTbIK friendship
apsaHpary to make cheap, diminish
KoramabIx nikip public opinion
WeKTeH acbipMay not to exaggerate, keep a balance
,@ Language point
5 How to reason
When you are arguing or reasoning, use the words ce6ebi, eNTKeHi
‘because’ or coHabiKTaH ‘that is why’ to introduce a reason. For
example:
XaHap xyMbicKa kenmedi, ce6e6i aybipbin KanAbl.

Zhanar did not come to work because she was sick.
XaHap aysIpbIn Kanabl, COHALIKTAH XYMbICKa kenmMegi.

Zhanar was sick; that is why she did not come to work.
Alternatively, you can provide a reason without making use of the

words cebebi, enTkeHi or coHAabIKTaH. In this case, add to the
stem of the reasoning verb one of the ‘distant past’ endings fan/rex
or KaH/keH as well as one of the ‘reasoning’ endings AbiKkTaH or
aikreH. As usual, choose among the different endings on the basis
of the principles of vowel harmony and consonant assimilation. For
example:
Kelwe wapwa-raH-abIKTaH GyriH epTe Typa anmagsl.

Because | got tired yesterday, | could not get up early today.
Cy iwnereHaikTeH wengenim.
Because | did not drink water | feel thirsty.

While reading the text below, listen to it on the accompanying CD. If
m necessary, look up unfamiliar words in the glossary. You will find a trans-
'Y ) lation in the key to the exercises.
TeHrepinreH ac pgereH He?
ACTbl OypbiIC iy eHe aeHcaynblK — e3apa Thifbi3 6ainaHbICThl YrbIMAaPp.

Here? Ce6ebi ci3niH AeHcaynbifblHbI3 CiadiH AeHeHi3 kabbinaalTbiH
KOPEeKTi 3aTTapfra Tayengi. byn xeHiHae Taram 3epTTeywinepaiH nikipiH
cypacaHbli3, onap TeHrepinreH ac geHcaynbifbiHbI3abIH Kenini agen xayan
6epepni. Here peiicia 6e? Cebebi anam ar3acel kemipcynap, Mai, NpoTenH,
Unit 14: [ fell sick 219
BUTaMUHAEP, MUHEpanaap XaHe Cy CUAKTbI MaHblaabl 3aTTapabl KaxeT

eteni. An byn KopexTep TafaM KypambliHaa ap Typni Menwepae 6onanbi,
COHbLIKTaH TEHTEPINreH ac OCbl aTasFaH 3arTapAbiH 6apnbiFbHLIH acsiHbiaga
KaxKeTTi Menwepae 6anybIH kamTamacsI3 eteqi. Mbican, Taram sepTreywinep
KeMipcynapgblH agaM af3acblHa GepeTiH SHEprusicbiH XarapmanabiH
MaLwmnHere BepeTiH aHeprusicbiHa TeHenai. Mainap aeHeHiageri KocbimMwa
3HepvA ke3i 6onbin Tabblaakl, an KanbUui CyREKTEPIHI3aiH MbIKTbl GonybIH
KamTamacbi3 eteqi. 3eptTeyllinep ar3aHbliH 60-90 nanbiabl cy 6onFaHabiKTaH,
apaMm KyHgenikti 6ip nuTpaeH aca cy iwyi kepek aen caHanabl.
* TewrepinreH ac balanced diet @

. AGHCaynbIK health
Tbifbl3 6alNaHLICTbI closely linked
YFbIM concept
ti Kabbinpay to receive
: KOpeKkTi 3aT nutrition
Tayenpai dependent
, Kenin guarantee
araa body
KeMmipcy carbohydrate
KoCbIMLLA additional
Mernuwep volume
KaMTamachI3 eTy to provide
Karapman petrol, gasoline
TeHey to equate
3HepruR Ke3i energy source

cyiek bone
namels per cent
Exercise 10 (cp 2 61)

Listen to the following ‘why?’ questions on the CD. Drawing on your &
understanding of the text above, answer the questions.
1 AAamHbIH AeHcaynbiFbl Here iweTiH acka Tayenai?

2 Taram 3epTTeywinep Here TeHrepinreH acTbl AeHcaynblK Kenini
aen caHanabl?
3 Apawm Here KyHiHe 6ip nuTpAeH aca cy iwy Kepek?

You are feeling sick. You have come to see a doctor. Enter the conver-
O sation. You take the part of the second speaker.
»
DOCTOR Kan xepiHi3 aysipagbl?
YOU [Say: | have a sore throat and | have a headache.]
DOCTOR blcTbifbIHbI3 6ap ma?
YOU [Say: My temperature is 38 degrees.]
DOCTOR Cisre cyblk TMin KanfaH. Xatbin emaeny kepex.
YOu [Ask: will you give me a medical note?]
DOCTOR OpuHe, XyMbicka GepeTiH aHblKTama Xa3abin 6epemiH.
Grammar summary
1. Word order
1.1. Affirmative sentences
The basic structure of a Kazakh sentence is subject — object - verb.

The places of the subject and the verb are fixed: the subject always
appears at the beginning of the sentence and the verb always at the
end of the sentence. In colloquial speech, however, the subject of
the sentence can be dropped, unless it is emphasized. For example:
the sentence MeH epTeH kenemiH ‘| will come tomorrow’ can in speech
also be expressed as EpTeH kenemiH.
1.2. Questions
In a question the word order is the same as in an affirmative sentence.

The only difference is that a question contains a question word, which
appears in the place where the word(s) that the question word replaces
would have appeared if the sentence had been affirmative. For example:
byn kim? ‘Who is this?’, CeH kawaH kenecin? ‘When will you come?’
1.3. Adjectives
An adjective usually appears before the noun it modifies. For exam-

ple: apemi kennek ‘a beautiful dress’. When an adjective functions
by itself, as part of the predicate of the sentence, it appears after the
noun. For example: OnapabiH y#i agemi ‘Their house is beautiful.’
1.4. Adverbs of manner
An adverb of manner always appears right before the verb it modifies:

On epte Typaabl ‘He gets up early’, On xbingam xumbinganabl
‘She moves fast.’
222 Grammar summary
1.5. Adverbs of place, time and frequency
An adverb of place, time or frequency always precedes an adverb of

manner. For example: Onap ActaHara MawuHeMeH 6apabl ‘They went
to Astana by car.” When a sentence contains more than one adverb
of place, time or frequency, the adverb that is emphasized most by
the speaker will appear closest to the verb (i.e. it will appear last).
Compare the following examples: Men epreH AcTaHara 6apaMbiH,
MeH AcTaHara epteH Gapambid ‘I will go to Astana tomorrow.’
1.6. Direct and indirect objects
Both the direct object and indirect object of a sentence always appear
between the subject and the verb. If a direct and indirect object appear
together in the same sentence, the one that is emphasized most by
the speaker will appear closest to the verb (i.e. last). Compare the
following examples: MeH caraH kiTanTb! Kewe 6epaiMm, MeH kewe
KiTanTbl cafaH Gepaim, MeH kewe cafaH kitantbl 6epaim ‘| gave
the book to you yesterday.’
2. Personal endings
2.1. Singular
if the word ends if the word ends if the word ends

on a vowel or on one of the on an unvoiced
one of the letters letters 3, X consonant
W, N, MHHDPY
1¢ person MbIH/MiH ObIH/6iH nNbIH/NiH

2" person CbiH/CiH
2" person formal cbia/cia
3 person -
Grammar summary 223
2.2. Plural
if the word ends if the word ends if the word ends

on a vowel or on one of the on an unvoiced
one of the letters 3, x, m, consonant
letters w, N, p,y H, H
1° person MbI3/Mi3 6b13/6i3 nbi3/nis

2" person cbiHAaap/cinaep
2™ person formal cbiznap/ciagep
3™ person -
2.3. Negative
if the word is in the singular if the word is in the plural
1¢* person emMec-nin emec-ni3

2™ person emec-CiH emec-ciHaep
2™ person formal emec-cia emec-ciagep
3™ person emec emec
3. Possessive endings
3.1. Singular
if the noun ends if the noun ends

on a vowel on a consonant
if the possessive pronoun is MeHiK M biM/iM

if the possessive pronoun is CeHiR H bIH/iH
if the possessive pronoun is Ci3piK HbI3/Hi3 bIHbI3/iKi3
if the possessive pronoun is OHbIR cbliici bifi
224 Grammar summary
3.2. Plural
if the noun ends if the noun ends

on a vowel on a consonant
if the possessive pronoun is 6i3gin Mbi3/Mi3 bIMbI3/imi3

if the possessive pronoun is ceHaepaiH H biH/iH
if the possessive pronoun is ciagepain Hbi3/Hi3 bIHBbI3/iHI3
if the possessive pronoun is onapgabl4 cbl/Ci blfi
4, Noun plurals
if the last syllable of if the last syllable of
the noun contains a the noun contains a
back vowel front vowel
if the noun ends on a vowel nap nep

or one of the letters p, h, y
if the noun ends on one of Aaap aep
the letters n, M, H, K, 3, X
if the noun ends on an Tap Tep
unvoiced consonant
5. Question particles
the word contains a the word contains a
back vowel front vowel
if the word ends on a vowel or ma Me

one of the letters p, n, n, y
if the word ends on one of the 6a 6e
letters 3, W, M, H, H
if the word ends on an na ne
unvoiced consonant
Grammar summary 225
6. Case endings
genitive dative accusative locative ablative instrumental
case case case case case case
if the word ends on a vowel

HbIH/HIH falre HbI/HI/H Aalge/mpa pav/peH meH
if the word ends on n, y, n
AbiH/aiK falre aol/gi nalpe n[aH/peH MeH
if the word ends on M, H, H
HbIH/HIH falre ablai nalpe HaH/HeH MeH
if the word ends on X, 3, p

abiH/ain - falre asl/gi nalpe nav/pgen GeH
if the word ends on an unvoiced consonant
ThIR/TIK Ka/ke Thi/Ti Talte Tan/TeH neH
/. Negative particles
if the verb stem ends if the verb stem ends if the verb stem ends
on a vowel or one of on one of the letters on an unvoiced
the letters p, n, A M, H, H, 3, X consonant
ma/me 6al6e na/ne
8. Formal imperative
the verb stem contains the verb stem contains
a back vowel a front vowel
if the verb stem ends on verb-Hbi3 verb-Hi3

a vowel
if the verb stem ends on verb-bIHbI3 verb-iHi3
a consonant
226 Grammar summary
Q. Simple present tense

9.1. Singular
if the last syllable of the verb if the last syllable of the verb
stem contains a back vowel stem contains a front vowel
1¢" person verb-a-MbIH verb-e-MiH

2" person verb-a-CbIH verb-e-CiK
2™ person formal verb-a-cbi3 verb-e-ci3
3" person verb-a-abl verb-e-ai
9.2. Plural
stem contains a back vowel stem contains a front vowel
1% person verb-a-mbi3 verb-e-mi3

27 person verb-a-ceiHgap verb-e-ciHaep
2™ person formal verb-a-celagap verb-e-ciagep
3° person verb-a-abi verb-e-ai
10. Progressive tense

10.1. Affirmative
if the verb if the verb ends on a if the verb ends on a

ends ona consonant and the last consonant and the last
vowe/ syllable contains a back vowel syllable contains a front vowel
verb-n verb-bin verb-in
followed by one of the auxiliary verbs

oTbIp
KaTbIp
-personal ending
TYp
Xyp
Grammar summary 227
10.2. Negative
if the verb if the verb ends on a if the verb ends on a

ends on a consonant and the last consonant and the last
vowel syllable contains a back vowel syllable contains a front vowel
verb-n verb-bin verb-in

OTbIpFaH
XarTkaH
-¥oK-personal ending
TypFaH
KYPreH
11. Ability ‘can’

if the verb if the verb ends if the verb ends if the verb if the verb
ends ona on aconsonant on a consonant ends on ends on
vowel and its last and its last the letter k the letter 10
syllable contains syllable contains
a back vowel a front vowel
verb-u verb-a verb-e verb-u verb-a

an-a
. } -personal ending
Gin-e
228 Grammar summary
12. Wish ‘want’

12.1. Singular
if the verb ends on a if the verb ends on an
vowel or a sonorant unvoiced consonant
if the possessive verb-fbl-M verb-Kbi-m

pronoun is MeHiH verb-ri-m verb-ki-m
if the possessive verb-fbl-H verb-Kbi-H
pronoun is CeHix verb-ri-H verb-ki-H
if the possessive verb-Fbi-HbI3 verb-Kbl-Hbi3
pronoun is ci3gin verb-ri-Hi3 verb-ki-Hi3
if the possessive verb-Fbl-Cblt verb-Kbl-cbi
jpronoun is OHbIH verb-ri-ci verb-ki-ci
followed by one of the auxiliary verbs kenegi or

xenin Typ
or
by one of the negative forms ken-me-n-gi or
Kenin TypraH XoK
12.2. Plural
if the verb ends on a if the verb ends on an

vowel or a sonorant unvoiced consonant
if the possessive verb-Fbi-Mbi3 verb-Kbl-Mbi3

pronoun is 6iagin verb-ri-mi3 verb-ki-mi3
if the possessive verb-fbl-napbiy verb-Kbl-napbiy
pronoun is ceHaepAix verb-ri-nepiy verb-Ki-nepin
if the possessive verb-fbi-napbiHbI3 verb-KbI-napbiHbI3
pronoun is ciapepaix verb-ri-nepiHi3 verb-Ki-nepiHi3
if the possessive verb—bi-napbl verb-Kbl-napbi
pronoun is onapablK verb-ri-nepi verb-ki-nepi
followed by one of the auxiliary verbs kenegi

or Kenin TYp
or
by one of the negative forms ken-me-i-gi or
Kenin TypfaH MoK
Grammar summary 229
13. Simple past tense

13.1. Singular
if the verb ends on a vowel, if the verb ends on an

the letter 3 or a sonorant unvoiced consonant
1*' person verb-abI-M verb-Tbi-M

verb-gi-m verb-Ti-m
2" person verb-abli-H verb-Tbi-H
verb-gi-H verb-Ti-H
2" person formal verb-abl-Hbi3 verb-Tbl-Hbi3
verb-pi-Hi3 verb-Ti-Hi3
3 person verb-gul verb-Tbi
verb-gi verb-Ti
13.2. Plural

1* person verb-abi-K verb-Tbi-K

verb-gi-k verb-Ti-k
2" person verb-abl-Haap verb-Tbl-HAap
verb-gi-Haep verb-Ti-Haep
2" person formal verb-abl-HbI3AaP verb-Tbl-Hbl3aap
verb-gi-Hiaaep verb-Ti-Hiagep
3" person verb-Abl verb-Tbi
verb-ai verb-Ti
230 Grammar summary
14. Distant past tense

14.1. Singular

1 person verb-faH-MbIH verb-KaH-MblH

verb-reH-MmiH verb-keH-MiH
27 person verb-faH-CbIH verb-KaH-CbiIK
verb-ren-ciy verb-keH-CiH
2™ person formal verb-rau-cbI3 verb-KaH-cbi3
verb-reH-ci3 verb-KeH-ci3
37 person verb-faH verb-kaH
verb-reH verb-keH
14.2. Plural

1%t person verb-faH-6613 verb-kan-6b13

verb-reH-6i3 verb-keH-6i3
2™ person verb-raH-cbiRAap verb-KaH-CbiHOap
verb-ren-cingep verb-KkeH-cinaep
2™ person formal verb-raH-cbi3pap verb-KaH-cbi3gap
verb-ren-ciagep verb-keH-ciagep
3" person verb-fan verb-kaH
verb-reH verb-KeH
Grammar summary 231
15. Habitual past tfense

15.1. Singular
contains a back vowel contains a front vowel
verb-TeIH verb-TiH
followed by one of the personal followed by one of the personal
endings MbIH, CbiH, Cbi3 endings MiH, CiH, ci3
15.2. Plural
contains a back vowel contains a front vowel
verb-TbIH verb-TiH
followed by one of the personal followed by one of the personal
endings 6bi3, cbIHAAP, ciaaep endings 6i3, ciHgep, ciagep
16. Negatives
16.1. Negative with emec
Men emMec-fiH
6i3 emMec-ni3
ceH verb- eMec-CiH
cengep faH/reH/kaH/xeH emec-ciHaep
ci3 emec-ci3
ciagep emec-cianep
on/onap emec
232 Grammar summary
16.2. Negative with xok
Men WOK-NbIH
6ia verb- WOK-NbI3
CeH faH/ren/xan/keH MOK-ChIH
cengep KOK-CbIHAap
ci3 KOK-CbI3
cispep KOK-Chbi3aap
on/onap WOK
Key to exercises
Unit 1
Exercise 3
12,21,32,42,52.
Exercise 4
1 Fumapar ecki. 2 Onap erge. 3 CeH akkeHINCiH. 4 MymxaH aaemi.

5 Ciapep Gocchianap. 6 Aya panbl Kypfak. 7 MeliMaHxaHa kbimbar.
8 MeH cabubipnbiMbiH. 9 Cia Goiigakcbid. 10 Onap axbipackaH. 11 CeH
TYPMbICTaChLIH.
Exercise 5
1 MeH manuwbl emecniH. 2 CeH myranimcid. 3 CeH XyMbICLUbl EMECCIH,
4 On kacinkep. 5 Onap catywbl emec. 6 On 6aHK KbiameTuici emec.
7 On acna3swbl. 8 bia nHxeHepmia. 9 bia ctyaeHT emecnis. 10 Cis
Kypriaywicia. 11 Ciagep myHanwebl emecciagep. 12 On 6yxrantep.
Exercise 6
1 On xanoHabik na? 2 Cisgep aoccobisgap ma? 3 On 6actbik na?
4 MeH eHbekkopMbIH 6a? 5 CeH cTyaeHTCiH 67 6 CeHaep TaHbicchiHAAp
ma?
Exercise 7
1 byn He? 2 Ci3s kan kanagaHcbia? 3 CeH kanpaHcbiH? 4 CeH Here
KeHinciaciH? 5 Hewe 6ana? 6 Ce3agik kanaa?
234 Key to exercises
Exercise 8
1 On wranusaHgblk na? 2 Onap Typik ne? 3 On dpaHuys 6a? 4 Cis
yHainikcia 6e? 5 On ascTpanusnbik na? 6 CeH e3bekciH 6e? 7 On
Kasak emec ne? 8 Onap opbiC emec ne?
Exercise 9
1 MeH CnopTWbIMbIH/CNOPTLLILI eMecniH. 2 MeH OMbIHLWLIMbIH/OWbLIHWbI
emecniH. 3 MeH 3eptTeywimiH/3eptTeywi emecniH. 4 MeH keHinAiMiH/keRINAj
emecniH. 5 MeH 6akbITCbI3bbIH/GaKbITCLI3 emecniH. 6 MeH yKbINTbIMbIH/
YKbINTbl eMecniH. 7 MeH KkbiafaHwakNbIH/Kbi3FraHwak emecnii. 8 MeH
YMbITLWAKNbIH/YMBITILAK emecniH. 9 MeH yiineHreHmiH/yAneHreH emecnin.
Unit 2
Exercise 1
1 MeH YHaicTaHHaHMbIH, [enuaeH 6onambiH. 2 Cen ©36ekcTaHHaH

6onacbiH, TawkeHTTeHciH. 3 Ci3 PeceigeHcia, MackeyneH 6onachia.
4 On ¥nel BputaHusgaH 6onagasl, JlToHgoHHaH. 5 bis PpaHumsnaHObI3,
MapwxaeH Gonambia. 6 Cengep AmepukagaHcbingap, Hblo WopkreH
6onaceiHaap. 7 Cianep NepmaHuaaaHcbiagap, MioHxeHHeH 6onackianap.
8 Onap WeenuapuanaH, XXeHeBanaH bonagabl.
Exercise 3
1 On Kaparangbinblk. 2 CeH KbiabinopganoikcbiH. 3 On ©ckemeHraik.
4 bianep Tapasgblknbi3d. 5 Cia Akraynbikebld. 6 On KoctaHainbik.
Exercise 4
KenikTep, TeHiaaep, arawTap, KinTTep, MaluMHenep, ryngep, cemkenep,
Kblagap, ynaap, anamgap, efengep, caycakrap, Asntepnep, aAykenaep,
xabbipFanap, kiTanTtap, napakrap, Mypaxainap, FuMaparrap, LwKkanTap,
TapTnanap
Exercise 5
1 ¥crapa CarartTiki. 2 OmuaH kimaiki? 3 Keainaipik CepikTiki. 4 Cynri
6iagiki. 5 Tapak ceHiki me?
Exercise 6
1 AHa ynnep ecki. 5 Ocbl agic Tvimai.
2 AHa auck xaHa. 6 Ocbl TaKbIpbIN ©3€eKTi.
3 By KMHO Xakchl. 7 Con epkeHueT kanga?
4 MbiHa 3aTtTap cananbl Mma? 8 Con KyHZep Kbi3blK.
Exercise 7
1 Xublpma xeTi 2 oTbI3 yw 3 annbic 6ip 4 cekceH TepT 5 TokcaH ceria

6 6ip MbIH €Ki Xy3 cekceH 6ip 7 eki MblH OH eKi 8 yl MbIH, yw Xy3 9 TepT
MbIH *eTi Xy3 oH eki 10 eki xxy3 eny MbiH 11 ceri3 )y3 OTbi3 anTbl MbiH,.
Exercise 8
1 25000/ %ubipma 6ec mblH TeHre 2 12000/o0H eki MbiH TeHre 3 2000/
€Ki MbIH TeHre 4 5000/6ec MbiH TeHre 5 720/xeTi Xy3 XublpMa TEHre
6 120720/%y3 3u1bipMa MbIH, XETi XY3 UblpMa TeHre.
Unit 3
Exercise 1
1 Airynaid afacbl yriineHreH. 2 AurynaiH aracbiHbib, eki 6anacet 6ap.
3 Anryngix 6ip ankeci 6ap. 4 Aurynain ankeci Typmbicta. 5 AAryngin
iHiCiHIH aTbl A3amar. 6 AWryngiH >keHreci — AnmaH. 7 Anrynain
XeaneciHiH atbl Abek. 8 Anrynain cinnici 6ap. 9 OHbIH aTtbl Mengip.
Exercise 2
1 Cepik EpmekTiH inici. 2 Epmek CepikTiH afacol. 3 TonkaH MapaTtTbiK
kapblHaacel. 4 TopkaH Kapnbiraw neH CaHayrawTbiH TaTeci/anackl. 5 Capa
Tomkax MeH MapartTbiH ankeci. 6 Kynaw EpnaH meH MN'ynHapaiH eHeci.
Exercise 3
BeliceHbine, caraT 6ecte, MeMmaHxaHana. [lyvcenbine, carar ceriane,
konnemkae. Xekceubine, carat oHaa, 6accenHae. XXymaaa, caraTt OH
exige, mewitte. Capcenbine, cafat ceria »KapbiMaa, KMHOTeatpAaa.
CenceHbine, carar TepTtTe, cnopt3anga. CeHbine, carat Tofblana, TYHr
kny6Ta.
Exercise 4
1 TaHfb! TOFbI3 OH 6eC 2 TYHri OH apbiM 3 TyHri OH Bip apbiM 4 TaHfbl

KeTi 5 TaHfbl OH Bip 6 TYCKi eki KbipbIK
Exercise 5
1 YakpbIT KaHwa 6onabl? 2 Carar Hewe? 3 YakbIT KaHwa?
Exercise 6
seconds-cekyHd, minutes-muHyT, hour-carat, day-kyH, week-anTa,

month-an, year-xbin, there is/are-6ap
Unit 4
Exercise 1
1 6apambli3 2 xyMbIc icTeilciH 3 keweciHaep 4 cabak 6epecia 5 Typaabl

6 kenepi 7 cennenMia 8 yipeHeai 9 Typaabl
Exercise 2
1 AiHyp cupek Teneauaap kepegi. 2 bis xa3 canbiH kenre 6apambla.

3 MeH kyHae TaHepTeH napkTe xyripeMiH. 4 Onap Kelki acTbl afeTTe
carar XeTige iwegqi.
Exercise 3
MeH epTe XaTamblH X8He epTe TypaMmblH. ©aeTTe cafaT antbliaa

TypbIn, GipiHWi Tecerimai xvHaiMbIH. CoaaH KewiH XybiHaTbiH Genmere
Gapbin, XyblHaMbIH, TiICIMAI TasanaWMbiH, KbipbiHaMblH. CofaH keniH
aywka Tycemin. CypTriHemiH, TapaHamblH. CoaaH kenin ac 6enmeciHe
6apbin, TaHepTeHri acbiMAbl AalblHAAWMbIH, WKW KahHaTaMbiH. MeH
kobe iwneimiH, GipaK bICTbIK XOHEe KOK LWaiFa CYT KOCbIN iweMiH.
YakbiTeiM Gonca, xaHa rasettepai kapan wbifambiH. CoaaH kewniH
6enmMeMe kenin, kuiHemiH. Kasip komnbloTepiMm XyMbiC icTemenai,
COHAbIKTaH ByriH aNeKTpoHAbIK NowTamabl TekcepmenMiH. MawuHem
XyYPMenai, CoRabIKTaH yiaeH epTe WhbifamblH. MeH xyMbicka eLukaluaH
KeLliKnenMiH.
Exercise 4
1 AWxaH ewkiMMeH apanacnangbl. 2 XaHap ewkanga 6apmaings.

3 KuHora ewkiMm kenMmengi. 4 MeH ewkalaH yin TazanamanmelH. 5 MeH
elwHapce GinMmenMiH.
Exercise 5
ATbl-keHi: Ctancu bpyk

Yymbic opHbl: TN KOMNaHWACHI
MamaHabIfFbl: UHXeHep
MekeR-xaibl: JocTbik 56, AnmMarTel
TenedoH Hemipi: (32)236 7867
Ckann artaybl; stacy.brooke
OnekTpoHAbIK nowTack!: sbrooke@tn.com
Exercise 6
1 MeHiH ©neMim arbinwbliHWAa Ma, ange opbiclia ma? 2 HypnaH

poctapbiMeH TenedoH apkbinbl xabapnacein Typa ma? 3 TaHepTeH
SNEKTPOHAbIK NOWTaHbI3abl Tekcepecia 6e?/ nowTaHabl TekcepeciH
6e? 4 ATta-aHaHbl3beH xabapnacbin Typackida 6a?/ Arta-aHaHMeH
xabapnacbin TypackiH 6a?
Exercise 7
1(3), 2 (), 3 (8), 4 (%), 5 (a), 6 (6), 7(r), 8 (n).
Exercise 8
1 KoHbku Tebyre xakcbicblH 6a? 2 OieniH cnopTneH anHanbica

ma? 3 lManaH meH mamaH Kasakctanga Typa ma? 4 [lManaH meH
MaMaHa xui 6apbin Typacbir 6a? 5 CeHiH KblablH A0MObIpa oiHan ma?
6 KblablH cnopTka Xakckl Ma? 7 CeHiH avieniH, ae 6aHkTe XyMbIC icTen
me?
Exercise 9
1 KyH bicTbiK Gonca, Jlyka cyra Tycegi. 2 Keimbat 6onmaca, Ctancu

aTka miHepi. 3 3aykbl cokca, onap Tamak nicipeai. 4 Waplwaca, onap
KWi3 yiae aemanagbl. 5 KapbiHgapbl awca, onap 6anbik aynaigbl.
Unit 5
Exercise 2
BaHkke, asnpgamara, KuWHOTeaTpFa, CynepmapkeTke, [OopixaHara,
nowTara, lawTapaaFa, MelliTKe, Lipkeyre, ayexaiira, asblK-Tynik
ZyKeHiHe, Kkeluere, aybinFa, 6asapra, MenpamxaHara, bacceiiHre, aeHe
WhIHBIKTLIPY 3anblHa, KiTanxaHara, TeaTpFa, Mypaxanra.
Exercise 3
1 kip xxyma 2 kip yTikTeme 3 blabic Xy 4 AykeHre 6ap 5 kekeHictep
caTbin an 6 Kypiw Tasana 7 Keweki ac nicipme
Exercise 4
1 )Xok, kaccagaH catbin anMaHbi3, Xeni apkKbinNbl CaTbiN anbiHbI3.
2 YKok, Takcu WwakblpmaHbl3, 5-TponnenbycneH 6apbiHbi3. 3 YKok, Temip
xon HekeTiHe 6apMaHbla, TenedoH cofbiHbI3. 4 XOK, KpeauT KapTaMeH
TenNeMeHi3, aKlanain Tenex;s.
Exercise 5
1 (8), 2 {n), 3 (6), 4 (a), 5 (), 6 ().
Exercise 6
1 «AnaTtay» KoHak yhiHe kanan 6apaMbiH? 2 «PamcTop» OyKeHi kKan
xeppe? 3 Optanblk nowTara Tponnendyc xype me? 4 baHkke xany
xetyre bona ma?
Exercise 8
1 OyexangaH WbKbIKbLI3, ConNfa OYPbUIbIHbI3 A KOLWEeMEH Ty3y
XKYPiHi3. AyTOTypakTbiH XaHblHAa confa 6ypbiNbiHbLI3 da, Ty3y
XYPiHi3. AnagbiHblaga Mypaxkan 6onagbl. MypaxangbiH XaHblHaH
confa OypbinbIHbI3. bac AnaHabl 6acbkin eTiHi3. KoHak yi
anablHblaga 6onaapl.
2 KoHakyhaeH wbifbiHbi3 ga 6ac anangbl 6acbin eTiHi3. Kewe
bonbiMeH Ty3y KyPpiHi3. AnabiHbiaga napk 6onagpl. NapkTi 6ackin
OTiHi3 Oe, keweneH oTiHi3. balap anabiHbiaaa 6onaabl.
3 basapaaH WbiFbiHbI3 43, keweaeH oTiHi3. MapkTi 6ackin eTceHis,

cynepmapkeT OH XafblHplaaa 6onagbl.
Exercise 10
1 Ceri3iHWi Haypbl3 — aienaep KyHi. 2 TOFbI3bIHWLI MaMblp — XKeHic

KyHi. 3 BipiHwi maycbim — 6ananap KkyHi. 4 AnTelHWbI Winge — ActaHa
KyHi. 5 OTbI3blHWbLI TaMbl3 — KOHCTUTYLUSA KyHi. 6 BipiHwWi Kbipkyiek
— 6iniM kyHi. 7 OH anTbiHWbI XenTokcaH — Tayencisgik kyHi. 8 OTbI3
GipiHwWi xenTtokcaH — XXaHa XbIn KyHi.
Exercise 11
1 CapaHblH NaTepi ekiHwWwi kabaTTa. 2 ApMaHHbIH NaTepi ywWiHLwi kabatTa.

3 CawaHblH naTepi becikwi kabatra. 4 XaHapablH naTepi TePTiHLWI
kabaTTa.
Unit 6
Exercise 2
1 ¥wakka 6unet cartbin anybiM kepek. 2 Ocpucke TenedoH COfFybIM

kepek. 3 MaraH AcTaHaHbIH kapTackl kepek/kaxeT. 4 ActaHa Typansl
afbiNLbIHLWA aKnapar KiTaniach kepek/kaxeT. 5 ActaHanblk apinTeciMiaaiv
TenedoH HeMIpi kepek/kaxerT.
Exercise 3
Carart xetine, banTtepek kaceciHge, CanumameH, Kelwki ac
Carar ywre, OyeaoB keweciHae, Epik AWgbIHYNbIMEH, keagecy
Exercise 4
1 doTo kepyre Gona ma? 2 KewipiHiagep, kipyre 6ona ma? 3 Kuin

Kepyre 6ona ma? 4 TepeseHi awyra 6ona ma?
Exercise 5
1 weinbim weryre 6onmanael 2 Tamak iwyre 6onmangsl 3 Gypbinyra
6onmanabl 4 arawTapabl kecyre 6onmanabl
Exercise 6
1 on gvBaHaa oTbip 2 ON AvBaHAa XaTblp 3 MawWWHeM aynaga Typ

4 6i3 napkTe oTblpMbI3 5 onap ActaHaga Xyp.
Exercise 7
1 CemkeH TeneauaapabiH XaHbiHAa TypHKaTbIp.
2 KinTiH ycTengiH yctiHae xatbip.
3 OMUSHBIH COMKEHHIH, iWiHae XaTbIp.
Exercise 8
Possible answers: 1 «<ApmaH» knHoteatpbl Pecnybnuka CapaibiHbiH
¥aHbiHAA. 2 [a3et knockici poHTaHHLIH anabiHaa/Aban keweciHge. 3 A3bik
TYNiK QyKeHi asngamaHbiy apTbiHaa/Aban xaHe [JocTblK KewenepiHin
KUbINbICbIHAA OpHanackaH. 4 MemaHxaHa KMHoTeaTpAblH anasiHaa.
5 ®oHTaH KoHak yWiHiH angblHaa/ra3er KMOCKICIHIH apTbiHAa.
Unit 7
Exercise 1
2 AcTaHa-Atbipay 3 11.15 4 AT-2 5 yakbITbiHAa
Exercise 2
1 AfLa XyblIHbIN XaTbip. 2 AWa TiCiH Ta3anan xaTtblp. 3 AWlia WwallbiH
Tapan Typ. 4 A/LIa WaKiH iwin oTkip. 5 Awa raseT OKeIN OTbIp. 6 Allia
KMiHIN XaTbIp. 7 AALIA XKyMbIC icTen oTbIp.
Exercise 3
AMaHcbIH 6a, Paiixan! Kan-xargainbiy kanain? XXymbiCbiH kanan? Mockea
Kanacbl agemi me? Aya-pavbl KaHaan exeH? BiagiH xaraanbiMbI3 XKakchl.
Ka3ip ActaHaga Typbin xaTbipMbl3. AcTaHa ecin kenedi. KentereH xaHa
YWnep MeH fumapatTap CanbiHbin XaTblp. MyHAa kyH cankbiH, 6yriH
e xen cofbin Typ. MeH «TackbiH» KOMMNaAHWACLIHAA 3KOHOMUCT Gonbin
KYMbIC icTen XypmiH, an KanpaTt yHuBepcutetTe cabak 6epin xyp.
Bananap 6anaGakwara 6apbin xyp. AATNAKLLbI, )XanoH TifiH yApeHin
XypMiH. Keneci xbinbl XKanoHusra 6ip xbinfa okyra 6apybiM MyMKiH.
byn canapghbl acbifa kyTin xKypMmiH. CanemmeH, AmxaH
Transiation
Hello Raikhan! How are you? How is your job? Moscow must be
beautiful. What is the weather like? We are doing fine. We are living
in Astana now. Astana is growing. Many new houses and buildings
are being built. It is cool here. Today the wind is blowing as well. I'm
working for the Taskyn company, and Kairat is teaching at a university.
The kids are going to kindergarten. By the way, I'm learning Japanese.
Next year | might go to Japan for a one-year internship. I'm looking
forward to this trip. Regards, Aizhan
Exercise 4
1 AnTai MaLlIMHe xeHaen xaTbip. 2 ArnMac KuHo kepin oTbip. 3 Mapan
KiTan okbin oTLIp. 4 MapkaH waxmaTt onHan oTbIp.
Exercise 5
1 ApmaH cabakka Gapa xaTbip. 2 MeH KitanTap akene XaTbipMblH.

3 CeH He anapa xatblpcbiH? 4 Onap ActaHara 6apa xatbeip. 5 Ci3
MockBapaH kene xartbipcbld 6a?
Exercise 6
1 Xok, aykeHre 6apa xaTkaH XOKNblH. 2 YKOK, KMHO Kepin oTbipFaH

XOKNbIH. 3 XKOK, KOMNBIOTEP KOCLINLIN TypFraH XoK. 4 XKoK, ApMaH TEHHUC
ofHan xypreH xok. 5 Yok, 6ananap 6akrTa XXypreH xok.
Exercise 8
1 ATblpayaa KyH awblK, Temnepartypa 16 rpagyc xbinol. 2 Cemenge

kKyH BynTTbI, TemnepaTypa 7 rpagyc Xbinbl. 3 ActaHaga kap »aybin
TYP, TeMneparypa 5 rpagyc ana. 4 AKrayaa xen cofbin Typ, Temneparypa
20 rpaayc.
Unit 8
Exercise 1
1 oriHacbIH 2 kepcCiH 3 okubIH 4 TaMak iwerik 5 Tamalanansiy

Exercise 3
TaHepTeHri acka: Kypiw, CyT, capbl Manbl, anefibCUH, IMMOH.
Tycki acka: KOWAbIH €Ti, KapTomn, KUAP, alpkenkeH, 3anNTyH Manbi.
Kellki acka: TayblKTbIH copnachl, kanycrta, Kbiabinwa, cabis, kapton.
Exercise 4
1 CeHiMeH ceirneceliH aen egiM. 2 KoHak LakpblpabliH gen eaiMm.
3 Kanpa bapaibid gen ediv/enidia? 4 He cypavibiH gen egin/eniHia?
Exercise &
1 bip kecek et Kecin 6epiHiawi. 2 bip TiNiM ceip enwen GepiHiawi.
3 Bip Kopan kaMnuT GepiHiawwi.
Exercise 6
1 On mMblHa KOMNbOTEPAI KONAAHCEIHWL. 2 MblHa eCiKTi alwbiHbI3LbI.
3 Apmanra TenedoH cofaiblHWbl. 4 KnHora 6apanbikuibi.
Unit 9
Exercise 1
1 On xype ana ma? 2 Cengep xy3e anacbiHgap ma? 3 CeH mawwuHe
Xyprise anacoiH 6a? 4 On Tamak nicipe ana ma? 5 Onap atka miHe
ana ma?
Exercise 4
1 Tamay iwkiH/ilwkiHia kene me? 2 [NemanfuiH/geManfbiHbi3 kene me?
3 dotocypeT KepriH/kepriHia kene me? 4 MenmaHxaHara 6apfbiH/
6apfrbiHbI3 kKene me? 5 KnHo kepriH/kepriHia kene me?
Exercise 5
1 Kasakwa cewnerim kenegi/kenMmenai. 2 Kaszakctanra 6apfrbim kenegi/
kenmengi. 3 Yire TenedoH CoKKbIM keneai/kenmengi. 4 TybicTapabl Keprim
keneni/keomenai. 5 [loctapbima KoHakka 6apfbiM Kenegi/kenmengi.
6 JemanbiCTa KoHak LuakblpFbiM Kenegi/kenmenai. 7 EpteH epte TypfbiM
kenepi/kenmenpi. 8 byriH TyHOe Kew XaTkbiM Keneai/kenmenai.
Exercise 6
OumaliTei{ Mamara KeMeKTeckici kenmeng,i.
OumawTteiH cabak kaparbicbl kenmenai.
OumaluTbiH KiTan OKbIFbICL!I Kenmenai.
AumawTeiy Teneauaap keprici keneai.
AuMaluTeliH KOMNLIOTEP OMHarbICLI Keneai.
OumawTeiH 6accelnHre 6aprbickl keneai.
Unit 10
Exercise 1
1 KblI3bIMLLAHBI NICIPiHi3 2 CapbIMCaKTbi apLibiHbI3 3 XXaHFaKTbl YHTaKTaHbI3

4 Kbi3blW@ MEH CapbiMCaKTbl YKKILWUTEH OTKi3iHi3 5 KblabinwaHbl
WYHFBIN blAbICKA CanbiHbl3 6 capbiMCaK NeH KaHFaKThl Kbidblnwara
KOCbIHbI3 7 1-2 ac kacblk ManoHe3 KOCbIHbI3 8 canatTbl apanacTbipbiHbI3
Exercise 2
Kasakrap wawnai CyTneH iweai XaHe WanaiH bICTbIK, Koo 6onfaHbIH
Kkanavwabl. Kasakrap wsnaiH TyciHe Kapanabl: KO LUISAMEH Mainbl
CYTTiH KOCbIHAbICHI LWBWFa epeklwe Tyc Gepeni.
MyHpai wengai AarbiHaay YLUiH, XoFapbl canank yHAI WaniH XaHe
Mannbl CYTTIi KonaaHfFaH aypbic. AnfbiMeH cyAbl KalHaTbiHbI3. LLanHeKTi
6ip peT bICTLIK CyMEH WanbiHbl3. EHAi WaHeKke eki-ylW Kacblk Wan
canbiHbI3. YCTIHEH KalHarFaH Cydbl KyMblHbI3, KOW WaW WhIFapy yWiH,
WOWHEKTIH KaknafblH >Kaybil, cynrimeH Oypken KoWbiHbI3. Lok
WhlKKaHLIA CYTTi XbiNbITbIHLI3. Kecere a3gan cyT Kymbin, WanAi OHbIH
YCTiHEH KyibiHbI3. LLarai capbingaTnan XeHe KeceHi TonTbipMan Kyto
Kepek. Lan ycbiHFaHOa KeceHi KOC KOnMeH ycray Kepek.
Ka3ak MaaeHueTiHae Wai AanblHAaY XaHe LK Ky anenaep yuiH
ynkeH cbiH. Kasakrap 6yn pacim asvengiH TapbueciHiy, kepiHici aen
ceHeqi. [lacTypni ka3aK maaeHUeTIiHAEe ep aaamMaap Wa KynManabl.
Transiation
Kazakhs drink their tea with milk and prefer their tea to be hot and
strong. Kazakhs also look at the colour of their tea: the combination
of strong tea and creamy milk gives a special colour.
To prepare such tea, it is advisable to use high-quality Iindian tea
and fat milk. First boil the water. Rinse the teapot once with hot water.
And now put two or three spoons of tea into the teapot. Pour the
boiled water on top. To brew strong tea, close the cover of the pot
and cover the teapot with a towel. While the tea is brewing, heat up
the milk. Pour a small amount of milk into a bowl and pour the tea
on top of it. Tea should be poured without any noise and a kese [a
tea bowl] should never be filled to the top. When offered, the bowl
should be held by both hands.
In Kazakh culture preparing and pouring tea is an important test
for a woman. Kazakhs believe that this ritual reflects a woman’s
upbringing. In traditional Kazakh culture, men do not pour tea.
Exercise 3
1 MeH ci3pi Tycki acka wakbipamblH. 2 On meHi TaHbiManael/GinMenai.
3 Onap 6i3ni kepmeitgi. 4 CeH oHblI iagen xypciK 6e? 5 bia ciaai TaHaanMbIa.
6 CeH onappgbl catbin anacbliH 6a? 7 bia onapabl yHaTNanMbI3.
Exercise 4
1 KpeauT KapTaHbl eHridiHia. 2 KaxeTTi Tingi TaHaaHb3. 3 KaxeTTi kplameTTi
TaHAaHb!3. 4 MUH KoOblHBLI3AbY eHri3iHi3. 5 KaxeTTi coMaHbl TepiHis.
Exercise 5
1 anma ToTTi 2 nanayablH Tyabi ken 3 KbiMbI3 KbIWKbIN 4 copnaHbiH,
Ty3bl @3 5 bypbiw awTel 6 T Ty3abpl 7 ac AsmAi
Exercise 6
1 XaKcbl OKbl 2 Kkewiknen ken 3 avkanamain ceiune 4 acbiknan xyp
5 Teknen iw
Exercise 7
Translation
Apple pie
I have found this recipe in my old notebook. Try to make it! Delicious!
To make an apple pie, you need:
200g butter vanilla

2 eggs 4 apples
half a cup of sugar 1 teaspoon of butter
7g baking powder half a cup of nuts
2 cups of flour cinnamon
First, add the butter to the flour and rub it in well. After that, crack
the eggs and whip them together with the sugar. Add the whipped
eggs to the butter. Add vanilla and baking powder and make a soft
dough. Cover the dough and put it in a warm place. The dough needs
to rise. Now peel the apples and cut them into cubes. Add cinnamon,
nuts, sugar and butter to the apples and put them on a low heat.
When the apples are soft, turn off the heat. Put aside one third of the
dough and roll the rest of the dough, then put the apples on top.
Now decorate the pie with the rest of the dough. Cook the pie in a
preheated oven for half an hour. Enjoy!
Unit 11
Exercise 1
1 JKymbic raseTiH catbin anMak(wel). 2 JXymeic raseTiHe xabapnama

xibepmek(wi). 3 JKymbic areHTTiriHe 6apmak(Lbl).
Exercise 2
1 Xonfa kawaH wWhbIKNAKCLIH? 2 buUNeTTi KawaH anmakcbiH?

3 ¥wakneH 6apmakcbiH 6a? 4 Kai koHak yinae ToktamakcbiH? 5 KawaH
KenMeKCiH?
Exercise 3
1 Aiiryn 6apnbiFel 11400 TeHre Tenemek. 2 Airyn 50 naibl3 xeHinaikneH

KeWnek, KypTka xoHe bny3ka caTtein anMak. 3 Auryn Toneik 6aracbiHa
6enbey xaHe xeMmnip caTbin anmak. 4 Airyn xewnae, nansto, wanbap
XaHe CBUTEPAi caTtbin anMak oibl XoK. 5 KypTka meH 6enbey. 6 Keiinek,
xemnip, 6nyska.
Exercise 4
1 Ciare kemek kepek ne? 2 MNa, mxuHChl wanbap kepek eai. 3 [DKnHCbI
wanbapnap MblHa Xxepae. OnweMiHiz kanaan? 4 beni 27, y3blHAbIFLI
32. 5 MiHe, MblHa DKUHCHI Ciare aan 6ony kepek. 6 byn MKWHCHI Kan
xepae xacanfaH? 7 biagiH aykeHgeri kvimaepain 6apneiFel UTanusga
xacanfaH. 8 ©nwen kepecia 6e? Kuim enweittiH 6enme oH XarbiHblaaa.
9 Onuwen KepewniH.
Exercise 5
1 y3blH XeHAai keinek 2 xacbin Kantbl kitan 3 y3biH Gaynbl cemke
4 xaracbla xeinge 5 6uik ekweni Tydnn 6 eki Genmeni yin 7 Kbi3bin
KeUnekTi Kbli3
Exercise 6
1 KbiTal Tini kasak TiniHeH KMbiHbIpak/kMbiHaay. 2 Taynap wen AanagaH
cybifbipak/cybiKkTay. 3 KasakctaH ©abekcTaHHaH ynKeHipek/ynkeHaey.
4 Bonra EprticTeH y3biHbIpak/y3biHaay. 5 XKbinkbl TyeaeH xoingambipak/
Xeinpampay. 6 Konak yiii MotenbaeH kbimbatbipak/kbiMbarTay.
Exercise 7
1 mawwuHe 2 yanel TenedoH 3 B[] oHaTKbIWw 4 NoWbI3 5 3nNeKTpoHAbIK

xar 6 Antai Taynapbl
Exercise 8
1 a) afawTan 2 6) Keitanna 3 o) Teneckon 4 6) npeanaeHT 5 a) 100 °C
Exercise 9
1 6acranaabl 2 cateinbin 3 akcnopTTanaas 4 ayaapbinagsl 5 askranags!
Exercise 10
Transiation
Traditional Kazakh clothes are rich in colour and ornament. By their
quality, they represent one’s age and social status. The outfit of Kazakh
women consists of three parts: a dress, a sleeveless jacket and a
head garment. One of the basic head garments of Kazakh women
is a headscarf. Married women put on their head a headscarf, and
teenage girls put on their head a skullcap or a hat with animal fur.
Women's scarves and dresses are made of fabrics such as silk and
satin, and decorated with Kazakh ornaments. Sleeveless jackets are
made of velvet or velveteen. Girls and young women wear earrings,
rings and bracelets. The jewellery is made of gold and silver. Men’s
garments consist of four parts: trousers shirt, shapan and head
garment. Do Kazakhs wear traditional clothes in everyday life? Older
people sometimes wear a sleeveless jacket, a skullcap and a robe

but young people in Kazakhstan wear traditional clothes only during
the Nowruz celebration. Traditional Kazakh clothes are sold in shops
such as Makpal and Symbat as well as in bazaars.
Unit 12
Exercise 2
1 M'va kan Tinge cennenai? 2 Keneci Typ kawax 6acrtanagbi? 3 EH XakbiH
aHblkTaMa 6opochl kawv xepae? 4 ArbinwblH TiNiHOe AcTaHa Typansi
aHblKTama Kitanwacsl bap ma? 5 XekceHbige mypaxannap awbik na?
Exercise 3
1 CeH KawaH kengin? 2 Ci3 xaHanblkTapabl kapaMaabiHbla 6a? 3 On
MeHi KuHOfFa Wwakbipabl. 4 bi3 Kekwetayra 6apabik. 5 CeHgep kanaa
TypAbiHaap? 6 Ciagep ¢dytdbon oHamaapiHbIagap ma?
Exercise 4
XypHan cartbin angsl.

Epbonra xat xibepai.
OnexTp TybipTeriH Teneai.
lN'ynHaara TenedoH CoKNaabl/COKKaH XOK.
KiTanxaHara kitan eTkiabeai/eTkiareH xok.
Ky6bIp >xeHaeyLWiHi WwakbipMaabl/WaKbIPFaH oK.
Exercise 5
Transiation
Kulyash Baiseitova
Kulyash was the first Kazakh professional opera singer. She was born
in Karagandy region in 1912. Her father Zhasyn was also a well-known
singer in that region. He noticed Kulyash'’s talent at an early age and
taught her many songs himself. But Zhasyn was a very poor man, so
he sent Kulyash to a boarding school when she was seven years oid.
When she was a pupil, Kulyash participated a lot in amateur talent
club activities. In 1934, when the first opera and ballet theatre was
opened in Almaty, she was invited to work there. The composer Evgeni
Brusilovski wrote his opera Kyz Zhibek for Kulyash. Kulyash’s songs
are frequently heard on radio and TV today. People listen to her songs
with love and still call her a ‘Kazakh nightingale’.
Exercise 6
1 KynawTiH akeci XKacblH anmakka 6enrini aHwi 6onfaH. 2 Kynaw aH
antyabl akeciHeH yhpeHreH. 3 Cebebi ete kepen 6onfaH. 4 Xanoik
Kyneawrti ‘6ynbyn’ gen ataiabl.
Exercise 8
1 XofanfaH epkenuer. 2 OckeH yn. 3 XybikTa canbiHFaH yanep.
4 Mep3imi eTkeH aapi. 5 TanksinawfaH macene. 6 [lambirad engep.
Exercise 9
1 ApmaHHbiH yakbiTbl GonfaHga dytbon oiHanabl. 2 Komnblotep
6onraHwa/narga bonFaxra AeniH agamaap KonmeH xasrad. 3 Myrnapbiy
nainaa GonFaHbiHa 13 »bin 6ypbiH. 4 MeHiH kenreHime 20 MUHYT Gonapil.
5 XKaHObIp ToKTaraHwa/ToKTaraHFa AeNiH MEH KyTEMIH.
Exercise 10
Transiation
Hi Assem. It has been three months since | came to Kazakhstan. |
have visited many places in Kazakhstan in the last three months, but
there are many places | have not been to yet. Kazakhstan is so big!
First | went to the south of Kazakhstan. In the south of Kazakhstan
I acquainted myself with the ancient cities of Shymkent, Taraz and
Turkestan. | went to Ahmed Yasauy’s mausoleum in the city of
Turkestan. It was built in the 12th century. One of the ancient models
of architecture. It is such a beautiful building!
Afterwards | went to the Mangustay region, which is in the west
of Kazakhstan. | saw the mosques of Shakpak ata and Beket ata.
Historians say that they were built in the 10th-12th centuries. Their
architectural peculiarity is that they were built underground.
| spent some time in the Almaty region. The Almaty region is also
rich in historical places. | went to the Charyn canyons. | saw the ancient
pictures on the Tamgaly Tas (‘marked stone’). | went to the Kolsai
lakes. | also liked the city of Almaty a lot. Located in the foot of the
Alatau mountains, it is such a beautiful city.
Now I'm in east Kazakhstan. The nature of this region is special.
Last week | went to the Altay mountains with my friends. Its air is so
fresh, but its weather is cold.
Next week | plan on leaving for north Kazakhstan. | plan on going
around the Pavlodar and Kokshetau regions. | plan on going to the
Bayan-aul national park in the Pavlodar region. Afterwards | will come
and visit you in Astana. See you, Anna
Answers to questions
1 AHHa KasakcTaHHbIH OHTYCTIriHe, MaHfbicTay awmarbiHa, Anmars!
obnbicbiHa XaHe WbiFbic KasakcTanra Gapabl. 2 AHHa AxmeT HAccayu
KeceHeciH, LLlaknak ata mewiTiH, BekeT ata MeuWiTiH xaHe TaHGan.l
TacTafbl cypetTepgi kepai. 3 AHHa ConTycTik Kaszakctanra, basHaybin
YNTTbIK NapKiHe xaHe ActaHara HapmakLbl.
Unit 13
Exercise 1
MeHiH YWiMHIH TypfaH xepiHe KeHiniM Tonaabl. On TypfbiH yiAnep

aygaHblHAa oOpHanackaH: MaHawga 3aybiTTap XoK. YRiM KanaHblH
wertiHae, bipak asnaamara XakbiH OpHanackaH XaHe XyMbICKa KyHAae
aBTobycneH KaTbiHaMMbIH. MeHiH iHiM opTanbiKTaH naTep xanaanabl.
An MeHiH yiAiM meHwik. MeH aieniMMeH xaHe eki BanammeH ekiHLi
kabaTtTa TypamblH. MeHiH MaMmam MeH TaTem BipiHLi kabaTTa Typaabl.
YnkeH GankoHbl Hap. bankoHHaH yWAiH >kaHblHAAfbI NapK KakCbl
Kepineai. bisgin ynimiaaiH Ky#i )akCbi XeHe opTanbiKTaH XblfbiHaabl,
COHABIKTaH KblCTa Xbinbt. Ac Benmeci warblH, Bipak 6i3 TamakTbl 6acka
benmene iwemis. On Genmere kyH *akcbl Tyceai, cebebi eki ynkeH
Tepeaeci 6ap. ¥iubiKTanToiH 6enmenep kiwkeHTai, Gipak GapnbifbiHa
opbliH xeTeni. KoHakTapra apHanran 6enmMe ae 6ap. 3an Gipey, bipak
YNKeH. bapnbifbiMbl3 COHAA XUHaNamb!3.
Translation
I'm happy with where | live. | live in_a residential area: there are no
factories nearby. | live on the outskirts/in the suburbs of the city, but
| live close to the bus station, so | commute to work every day by

bus. My brother rents an apartment in the centre of the city. But |
own my house. | live there with my wife and two children on the
second fioor. My mother and my aunt live on the ground floor. It has
a big balcony. | have a great view of the nearby park from the balcony.
Our house is in good condition and it has central heating, so we are
able to stay warm in winter. Our kitchen is small, but we eat in another
room. This room gets a lot of sun, as it has two big windows. Our bed-
rooms are quite small, but we have enough room to put up everyone
at night. We even have room to put up guests. Our house has only
one living room but it is large, and we share it with the entire family.
Exercise 3
Transiation
| graduated from a Soviet school. In the Soviet times the education
system was different. The schools had a 10-year system. 25-30 pupils
would sit in one class. We would have six classes per day. The teach-
ers were very strict and would give a lot of homework. Especially the
literature classes were very important. We would read many books.
In primary grades we would become little Octobrists and in the 4th
grade we would join the pioneers. In the 7th to 8th grades we would
become komsomols. In autumn and spring, the pupils of the 5th to
10th grades would go to help kolkhozy and sovkhozy. In summer time
we would go to camps for pioneers or komsomols. We would learn
many songs there. We would meet pupils from different places. We
would have no spare time.
Exercise 4
1 eceTiH 2 GonaTbiH 3 6onaTbiH 4 CEWNENTIH
Exercise 5
1 iWweTiHMiH-ilWeMiH 2 TypaTbiH-Typaabl 3 Xa3aTbiH-XKa3laabl
Exercise 6
1 WhIPbIH )XacanTbiH MaLWnHe 2 anbicTaH BackapatbiH Kypan 3 Ta3ananTbiH
CyMbiK 4 KOMNbIOTEP KOATLIH yCcTen
Exercise 8
1 MapaTTbiH Kbi3bl 9aeMi ekeH. 2 MbiHa KOMNLIOTEP XKakCbl ekeH. 3 ACTaHa
GypblH ecki kaman 6onfaH ekeH. 4 AnMaTbiHbiH BypbIHFbI aTaybl BepHbii
ekeH. 5 XKaHbbIp xaya ma ekeH? 6 byn cypeTTep He yLiH KonAaHbINAbI
eKkeH?
Exercise 9
Possible answer: banbangap enreH agampapabiH aupatbl WbiFap/

Gonybl MymkiH. Ban6angap eHep weirapmanapb! WbiFap/6onybi MyMKiH.
Banbangapapl exenri Typkinep TaHipre cublHy YLUiH XacaraH 6onap/
WbIFap/6onybl MyMKIH.
Unit 14
Exercise 1
OfaH CybIK TWIN Kanabl — bICTbIFLI XOFapbl

0N KONbIH Kecin angbl — KaH afbin Typ
0N asfbliH aybIPTLIN anabl — Xyripe anmangs
OHbIH Tamarfbl ayblpbin TYp — ceAnen anmangbl
OHbIH KOMbl CbiHbIN Kandbl — KONbl aybipbIf TYp
OHbIH, annepruscel 6ap — uMTpyc xeyre 6onmanabl
Exercise 2
CyblK TUreH — WwapuwiafaH — ynaHfaH KanfaH — annepruacol 6ap
Exercise 3
layxap 6aybipcak nicipin akeneMiH gefi. EpxaH carat 9-0a KenemiH,

rutapa ana kenemid aen xayan 6epgi. Cnasa JleHa 6apmaca, MeH ge
bapmanmbiH aen xayan 6eppi. JleHa Cnaesamenr Gipre kenemin geai.
ApmMmaH wapwan XypMiH, yire 6apameiH gen xayan 6epai.
Exercise 4
1 CakeH floHaoHHaH kelwe keninTi. 2 MHaoHe3nsaa Tarbl Xep CINKiHinTi.

Exercise 6
Kon aneicy (‘to shake hands’), waw Tapay (‘to comb one's hair’), 6ac
naey (‘to nod’), MypbiH keTepy (‘to turn up one’s nose'), kac kepy (‘to
raise an eyebrow’), TbipHak TicTey (‘to bite one’s nails’).
Exercise 9
Transiation
What is a balanced diet?
A good diet and health are closely linked concepts. Why? Because
your health depends on the nutrition that your body receives. If you
ask the opinion of food researchers on this, they will answer that a
balanced diet is a guarantee of your health. You ask, why? Because
the human body needs important things such as carbohydrates, fat,
protein, vitamins, minerals and water. Food contains all these nutrients
in different amounts, therefore a balanced diet ensures that all these
nutrients mentioned are in your food. Food researchers compare the
energy that petrol provides for a car with the energy that carbohydrates
provide for our body. Fat is another source of energy in your body,
and calcium ensures that your bones are strong. Because water takes
up 60-90 per cent of your body, researchers think that a person
should drink more than 1 litre of water every day.
Exercise 10
1 Cebebi agam ar3acbl eTTeri, Mail, NPOTEeWH, BUTaMUHAEP, MUHepanaap
XaHe Cy CUAKTbI MaHbladbl 3aTTapabl kaxeT eteqi. 2 Cebebi TeHrepinreH
ac ocbl atarnraH 3aTTapabiH 6apnbIFbIHbIH acblHbI3na KAXeTTi Menwepae
6onyblH kaMTamachki3 eteqi. 3 Cebebi araanbiH 60-90 nainbisbl Cy.
Translations of dialogues
This section contains translations of the dialogues in Units 7 to 14;

translations for Units 1 to 6 can be found within each unit.
Unit 7
Dialogue 1
STACY Is this C-3?

AGENT Yes, please show me your ticket and documents.
STACY Here are my passport and work permit.
AGENT Thank you. Please put your luggage on the scale. The
weight of your luggage is more than 23 kg. You have to
check in one of your bags. You [will] pick it up at the
luggage terminal in Almaty.
STACY OK, I will check in the big bag.
AGENT This label is for your hand luggage. Now you can go to
the transit area [literally: waiting area].
STACY Thank you.
AGENT By the way, flight KC 312 is delayed for 2 hours.
sTacy Why?
AGENT [t is related to the weather. It is raining in Almaty. And there
is fog.
STACY Are there any cafeterias or any shops in the transit area?
AGENT Unfortunately, in the transit area for local flights there are
no cafeterias.
254 Translations of dialogues
Dialogue 2
HOUSEKEEPER Hello? I’'m listening.

STACY Hi, it is me, Stacy. I'm still sitting at Astana airport.
The flight is [being] delayed for two hours. How are
you doing?
HOUSEKEEPER Everything is all right. Don’t worry.
STACY What are the children doing?
HOUSEKEEPER David is doing his homework, Laura is sleeping,
Michael is watching TV, I'm cooking.
STACY Good, see you soon.
Dialogue 3
LUKA Sasha, do you have any information about the weather

tomorrow?
SASHA Yes, according to the ‘Weather’ site, it will be 18 degrees
[warm].
LUKA [t is cloudy today. It will rain in the evening.
SASHA Yes, the weather in Almaty is volatile. How about the
weather in Milan?
LUKA In Milan it is hot in summer, and it is cold in winter. In
spring and autumn the weather is really great. And in
Moscow?
SASHA Winter in Moscow is very cold. It is freezing but dry. It rains
a lot in summer.
LUKA Global warming is affecting the climate a lot.
Unit 8
Dialogue 1
STACY What should we cook?

SASHA For me, the most delicious dish is manti. Let’s make manti.
Transiations of dialogues 255
ARMAN ! like palau, let’s make palau.

AIZHAN ! like besbarmak. Palau is difficult to make. Besbarmak is
easier to cook. Let’s prepare besbarmak.
STACY ! like manti, too.
SASHA We all like manti.
AIZHAN Let's cook manti.
ARMAN Let's buy meat and vegetables at the K6k bazaar.
AIZHAN Let Sasha and Aigul go to the Kbk bazaar, and let the rest
of us go to the supermarket. Let’s buy sweets and drinks
at the supermarket.
SASHA Let me call Aigul and ask her to come to the Kbk bazaar at
two o’clock.
Sasha calls Aigul on the telephone.
SASHA Hello Aigul. Happy Nowruz!

AIGUL May we all have a happy Nowruz!
SASHA Let [the two of] us buy some meat at the bazaar. Can you
come today to the Kék bazaar at two o’clock?
AIGUL Unfortunately | can’t go today. | don’t have time at all.
Let's go tomorrow.
SASHA Tomorrow is a holiday, you know. The bazaar will be
closed. OK, let me go by myself.
Dialogue 2
SALESPERSON What would you like to buy?

SASHA I would like to buy some lamb. How much does
a kilo cost?
SELLER A kilo costs 900 tenge.
SASHA How about beef?
SELLER 700 tenge.
SASHA Please give me half a kilo of lamb and half a kilo of
beef.
SELLER Here. Enjoy it! [May it be good food!]
SASHA I would like to buy some pumpkin, please could you

cut one half and give it to me?
SELLER OK, let me do so. What else will you buy?
SASHA Please give me 1 kilo of onions, half a kilo of carrots,

two garlic bulbs.
SELLER Will you buy potatoes and vegetables?
SASHA No, | don’t need potatoes. Let me buy cucumber,
tomatoes and please give me one bushel of pars-
ley ... How much do | owe you?
SELLER Here. The total is 500 tenge.
SASHA Thank you.
Unit 9
Dialogue 1
AIGUL Stacy, | would like to invite you and your family to our
house. Which day is convenient for you?
STACY Thank you Aigul. But please don'’t bother.
AIGUL Taste food at our house. Meet my family [literally: | will
introduce my family].
STACY | want to meet your family, too.
AIGUL Can you come to lunch this Saturday?
STACY We are free this Saturday, we can come.
AIGUL Agreed. We [will] expect all of you for lunch.
Dialogue 2
AIGUL Welcome!
STACY Hello! How are you doing?
AIGUL Thank you! Come in. Come to the tor!
STACY This is a small gift for your mom, English tea.
AIGUL Thank you Stacy. Tea is the best gift for my mum.
AIGUL Come to the dastarkhan. Tea is ready.

MOTHER Please take a seat at the tér. Take some food.
AIGUL Kazakhs drink strong tea with milk. Should | pour tea with
milk for you as well?
STACY | drink tea with milk, the children drink it without milk.
AIGUL Take hot baursak. Try chak-chak made with honey.

STACY How tasty baursak is! | love baursak, but | cannot cook it.
AIGUL If you wish, I will write down the recipe for baursak
[literally: of baursak] for you.
STACY Great! How tasty your tea is. Please pour me one more
cup [literally: bowl] of tea.
Dialogue 3
ARMAN [t's so hot! | want to drink water. Let’s buy a drink.

ZHANAR I'm [being] thirsty, too. | want to drink hot tea.
ARMAN I'm [being] hungry as well. Should we go to the canteen?
ZHANAR [ want to eat, too. Let's go.
Dialogue 4
ARMAN What is on the menu? Fried meat, samsa, noodle soup.

What do you prefer?
ZHANAR | will take hot samsa and tea. How about you?
ARMAN | will take noodle soup, fried dough and apricot juice.
ZHANAR Don'’t forget to order water.
ARMAN Let me call the waiter/waitress.
Unit 10
Dialogue 1
AIGUL To make baursak, we need 1 kg of white flour, half a litre of

warm milk, 200 g of melted butter, 2 teaspoons of dry
yeast, 1 litre of vegetable oil and salt.
STACY Should egg be added? [literally: Is egg needed to be added?]
AIGUL | make baursak without egg. If you make it without eggs, it
will be softer.
STACY [s sugar needed? [literally: Is sugar needed to be put?]
AIGUL To make baursak sweeter, you can put a little bit of
sugar in it.
STACY [That’s] something to keep in mind.

AIGUL First, mixing the milk, the butter, the yeast and sugar well,
and adding salt as needed, prepare the leaven. Putting the
flour into a deep bow! and pouring the leaven in, knead it to
make a soft dough. Cover the surface of the dough with a
towel and put it in a warm place.
STACY For how long?
AIGUL For one hour. The dough will rise in one hour. Then, roll the
risen dough with a rolling pin. Cut the rolled dough into
round or square pieces.
STACY [ see.
AlGUL To fry baursak, we need a kazan [a heavy cast-iron pot] and
a big colander. Pour the vegetable oil into the kazan and
heat the oil. Now put the baursak into the oil and fry them
without hurrying. If the oil becomes too hot, reduce the heat.
Dialogue 2
ARMAN Wow, it smells so good. What are you cooking?

ASEL I'm making lagman [handmade noodles with sauce] for dinner.
ARMAN Can | help you? [literally: Is help needed?]
ASEL Yes, you can. Turn on the stove and boil water in the big pot.
ARMAN Should I fill the pot to the top?
ASEL Yes, pour water in to fill it. Try the sauce. Is it salted enough?
ARMAN Hmm, very tasty, but it is not salted enough [literally: salt is
a bit less].
ASEL Then | should add [literally: put] salt. Can you make a salad
from tomatoes and cucumber?
ARMAN All right. What should | make the dressing from?
ASEL Make it from olive oil and lemon juice. Add a bit of cherry
vinegar - let it be a little sour.
ARMAN Ready. Do you have something sweet for tea?
ASEL There are sweet pastries [standing] in the fridge. Spread the
cream on them and grate the dark chocolate and walnuts
on top.
ARMAN Where is the grater?
ASEL The grater is in the second drawer.
Dialogue 3
JOURNALIST The guest in our interview today is blogger Elvira Nurbay.

Elvira, what inspired you to start a blog about cooking?
ELVIRA | think that writing a blog is a great way to share new
recipes and exchange opinions about food.
JOURNALIST Do you create all the recipes on your blog?
ELVIRA Not all of them, some recipes | learn from my mum,
some | take from my friends.
JOURNALIST Do you have a favourite recipe?
ELVIRA | have many favourite recipes. But | like introducing
traditional Kazakh food on my blog.
JOURNALIST What is the most important ingredient in Kazakh food?
ELVIRA That is not a secret. Meat, of course!
JOURNALIST Who is the judge of your food?
ELVIRA My family are the ones who taste and evaluate my
food: my father, mother and younger brother.
Unit 11
Dialogue 1
AIGUL What are you planning to do this weekend?

STACY We are planning to go shopping together with Laura.
AIGUL To which kinds of shop are you planning to go?
STACY We are planning to go to clothes and shoe shops, then we
are planning to go to shops selling electronic goods.
AIGUL If you go to the shopping centres on Zhibek Zholy street, all
those shops are there. What are you planning to buy?
STACY | would like to buy boots for myself. Laura needs summer
shoes and a hat. And | have to buy some accessories for
the computer.
AIGUL I'm planning to go to a jewellery store to buy a gift. If you
want, we can go together.
STACY Thank you, but I'm not interested in jewellery.
Dialogue 2
SALESWOMAN Are you looking for something? Can | help you?

STACY Are there other colours for that long-sleeved,
collared shirt?
SALESWOMAN There are white, black and grey [colours].
STACY Please show me the grey one [of it]. No, show me
the black one [of it]. The black [one of it] looks
prettier.
SALESWOMAN What is your size?
STACY Size 46.
SALESWOMAN Unfortunately only size 44 is left. Will you try it on?
STACY Yes, let me try it on. . .. This shirt is a little small on
me and the sleeves are also a little short. Is there a
size 46 of that short-sleeved shirt with a pocket?
SALESWOMAN Here. . . . Its size fits you and the colour suits you, too.
STACY Let me buy this shirt. How much does this silk dress
cost?
SALESWOMAN It is a very light, perfect dress. It costs 35,000 tenge.
STACY Too expensive.
SALESWOMAN There is @ model of this dress made of cotton. Its
price is also lower. Which one [of it] do you prefer?
STACY The cheaper one [of it].
SALESWOMAN The total is 20,000 tenge. Don't forget your receipt.
Should | put them into a bag?
STACY Yes, please. Thank you.
SALESWOMAN Enjoy!
Unit 12
Dialogue 1
AIGUL How was your trip to Astana?

STACY It was successful. | had a good time.
AIGUL Did you go sightseeing?
STACY Yes, | saw the famous places of Astana. | went up the

Baiterek tower. | went to Khan Shatyr.
AIGUL What else did you do?
STACY One evening | went to the opera and ballet theatre. The
next day | visited the museum of modern art. | took pictures
of everything.
AIGUL Did you like the city?
STACY ! did. In Astana there are many statues of famous people.
There is also a lot of new architecture [literally: models of
architecturej.
AIGUL Of course, Astana is a young city. But the history of this city
is very interesting. Did you know that in the 19th century
there was a small fortress in the place of the city? At that
time the fortress was called Akmola.
STACY Really?
AlGUL During the Soviet period, the name of the city changed to
Tselinograd. Tselinograd was simply an industrial town. In
1997, the city was named Astana.
Dialogue 2
STACY Excuse me, if you have time, will you take my picture
quickly?
STRANGER OK, | will. Give me your camera.
STACY Thank you for your time. Let me stand near that statue.
STRANGER Which button of this camera should | press?
STACY First, set the focus by pressing the ‘power’ button.
Then press this button.
STRANGER [ see. Are you ready? Should | shoot?
STACY Yes, I'm ready. [sound of a camera]
STRANGER Should | take one more?
STACY No, that is enough. Thank you. Do you know
[literally: Don't you know] if there is a tourist centre
nearby?
STRANGER The closest tourist centre is on Abylaikhan street.
Dialogue 3
AIGUL Have you been [literally: Did you go] to the museum of
musical instruments?
STACY Are you talking about the museum located in Panfilov Park?
No, | have not been there yet.
AIGUL A very beautiful museum. There are more than 60 types
of instruments. Most of the instruments in the collection
[literally: collected instruments] are the instruments of
famous musicians.
STACY ! have seen a picture of the museum. The building is special.
AIGUL Yes, an architect named Zenkov constructed the building in
1908. There are several Zenkov-constructed buildings in
Almaty. They give a special appearance to the city.
STACY Is it a newly opened museum?
AIGUL No, it was opened in the 80s. The displays were collected from
the four corners of Kazakhstan. The orchestra ‘Sazdar syry’
that was organized at the museum regularly gives concerts.
STACY 1 will definitely go there.
Dialogue 4
ZHANAR What kind of movies do you like?

ALMAS | like documentaries. | especially like watching BBC
documentaries. How about you?
ZHANAR ! like movies. | like historical movies and romantic movies
[literally: movies about love]. But | hate movies about war.
ALMAS ! don't like them either. | like watching good action
movies. | get bored by melodramas. Soap operas make
me mad, | don't watch themn at all.
ZHANAR I like comedies. | especially like watching Charlie Chaplin’s
movies. | laugh so much.
ALMAS What do you think of [literally: how do you look at] horror
movies?
ZHANAR I try not to watch horror movies and crime movies at all.
My hair stands on end when | watch a movie by Quentin
Tarantino.
Unit 13
Dialogue 1
ZHANAR I'm looking for a two-room [literally: two-roomed)] apartment.

AGENT In which district?
ZHANAR In the district that is located close to the centre.
AGENT What is your budget?
ZHANAR Between 15,000 and 20,000 tenge.
AGENT For this price it is difficult to find an apartment in the
centre. In the district of Mamyr there is a one-room
[literally: one-roomed] apartment for 15,000 tenge.
ZHANAR The Mamyr district is far away from my work.
AGENT Earlier the Mamyr district used to be a separate village.
Now it is in the city. Commuting to work is fantastic.
ZHANAR s the apartment in a new building? How many floors does
the building have? [literally: How many-floored is the
building?]
AGENT No, it is in an old building with two floors [literally: In a
two-floored old building] but recently renovated. The
apartment is on the second floor. It has a big balcony.
Furnished. There is a convertible sofa, a wardrobe for
clothes and a TV.
ZHANAR Is the kitchen equipped?
AGENT Yes, there is a fridge and a washing machine in the
kitchen. The kitchen is separate. The bathroom and toilet
are also separate.
ZHANAR Can | see it?
AGENT Well, let me call the landlord, and then | will let you know
the time.
Dialogue 2
STACY [ found out that many people in Kazakhstan still live in

villages. Is the difference between city life and rural life big?
AIGUL In my opinion, if a village is located far away from a city,
then the difference is big. If [it] is located close to a city, the
difference is less. Many people consider villagers [literally:

village inhabitants] backward. | don’t agree with this opinion
at all. Because there are many information tools such as cell
phones and Internet. That is why village inhabitants are not
as uninformed as they were in the past.
STACY You are right. | fully agree with you.
AIGUL If | found a job [literally: if a job is found], | would live in
a village myself. There are many advantages to living in
a village. The air of villages is clean, village people
are close to nature, and therefore they are kind and
honest.
STACY Really, would you live in a village?
AIGUL Yes, | would [literally: | would live].
STACY What would you do if you lived in a village?
AIGUL If | lived in a village, | would cultivate a garden. | would try
to grow flowers, maybe even fruit.
STACY Don'’t forget that there are disadvantages to village life. The
choice of villagers is limited in all aspects.
AIGUL That is true. Sometimes there are no opportunities for work.
Also no shops and places of entertainment.
sTacy Will the situation change in the future?
AIGUL In my opinion, yes. Online shopping is developing. If the
roads improve, it will become easier for villagers to visit a city
nearby. | hope the situation of villagers will improve in the next
10-15 years.
STacY [ see. That is why so many young people are leaving their
villages and migrating to cities?
AIGUL Yes. If the difference between village and city life decreases,
more people will stay in their villages.
Dialogue 3
stacy We went to Tamgaly Tas last week. We saw the petroglyphs

and the drawings of Buddha on stones.
AobIH Tamgaly Tas is full of mystery, but not researched enough.
According to one historian, the petroglyphs in that region
date back to the Bronze Age.
STACY | wonder who drew the images of Buddha?

AlAbIH There is a hypothesis that buddhist missionaries painted
them in the 10th century, and others believe that nomadic
Kalmyks painted them in the 17th century.
STACY Yes, it is said that the inscriptions are in the Tibetan and
Kalmyk languages. This hypothesis might be correct. But,
who knows?!
AlfbIH Some inscriptions are written in Sanskrit, so it is possible
that the missionaries painted them.
STACY Maybe. The petroglyphs of Tamgaly appeared in different
periods. Perhaps ancient tribes performed their religious
rituals for many centuries at that place.
AlfbIH I agree.
Unit 14
Dialogue 1
DOCTOR What is hurting?

ZHANAR It has been two days since [all] my body started [literally:
has been] trembling and my throat and head started
[literally: has been] hurting.
DOCTOR Did you measure your temperature?
ZHANAR Last night my temperature was 38[°C], this morning it has
gone up to 39[°C].
DOCTOR Are you coughing?
ZHANAR Yes, | have a bad [literally: strong] cough.
DOCTOR Please pull up your shirt. Let me listen to your lungs.
ZHANAR [She breathes in and out.]
DOCTOR Your lungs are clean. Nothing dangerous. You have
caught a cold. | will prescribe you medicines. Get them
from a pharmacy. You have to stay at home 1-2 days.
Drink more liquid and rest. If you don't feel better,
call me.
ZHANAR Will you give me a note for my workplace?
DOCTOR Of course, here is your note.
Dialogue 2
ZHANAR Hi Bolat. It is me, Zhanar.

BOLAT Hi! You are not at work, what has happened?
ZHANAR | have fallen sick. | have caught a very bad cold. That is
why | could not go to work.
BOLAT Oh! that is not good. Did you call an ambulance?
ZHANAR No, | have been to a doctor myself.
BOLAT Is it flu? What did the doctor say?
ZHANAR The doctor said that it is not dangerous and that | should
stay at home for one or two days.
BoLAT Of course, stay at home until you are completely
recovered. Look after yourself, take care of yourself.
Do you need any help?
ZHANAR No, thank you, Bolat. Will you warn the boss?
BOLAT Don'’t worry. | will explain your situation to the boss.
Dialogue 3
KANAT Aga, | have hurt my arm. Can you check it?

DOCTOR How did you hurt it?
KANAT | have fallen off a bike.
DOCTOR Well, show me your arm. Which place is hurting?
KANAT Here, my elbow.
DOCTOR [ see, you should have come to the hospital immediately.
Your elbow is broken.
KANAT That is why. | was wondering why it hurts so much. And
now, does it have to be operated on?
DOCTOR Possibly. First it is necessary to make X-rays of your arm.
I will give you a referral. Bring the results to me.
KANAT That is not good. What am | going to do with my classes?
DOCTOR Don’t worry. It will heal fast.
Dialogue 4
ARMAN Turn on the TV, there is a movie at 7 [p.m.].

SAGAT Where is the remote control?
ARMAN The remote control does not work, its battery has died.
Push the power button.
SAGAT [t is not turned on. Has the TV broken?
ARMAN [/t is not possible! That is a new TV. Is there a light, can you
check it?
SAGAT No, the electricity is cut off.
ARMAN Nothing to do but sit and wait.
Dialogue 5
ZHANAR My watch does not work, it’'s broken. | have to buy a new
watch.
ALMA The battery must have died. Did you replace the battery?
ZHANAR Yes, | did.
ALMA It must be possible to have it repaired. Did you take it to
the watch repairer?
ZHANAR Yes, | took it. The watch repairer says that this watch was
made in Japan and he cannot repair it.
ALMA From which shop did you buy it? Does it have a
guarantee?
ZHANAR | bought it in TsUM. Its guarantee has expired. The seller
says that repairing is expensive.
ALMA It is a pity, how can you throw away such a beautiful
watch?
Dialogue 6
ZHANAR Have you heard that Arman has been taken to a hospital?
SAULE No, | have not heard. What has happened to him?
ZHANAR | was told that he got sick while sitting at work. It looks
like he had a problem with his heart [literally: it looks like
his heart].
SAULE Who told you?
ZHANAR Aiman called me. She asked me to pick up the kids from
school. She is at the hospital.
SAaULE Does Arman feel better?
ZHANAR Yes, he feels better. The doctor said that nothing is
dangerous and that he should rest.
Dialogue 7
ZHANAR Do you know Arman?

SAULE | don’t know what he looks like, which one is he?
ZHANAR That tall and dark-skinned guy.
SAULE /s it that handsome guy standing next to Dina?
ZHANAR Yes, that’s him [literally: Yes, exactly himself]. The girl with
long hair [literally: long-haired girl] sitting on the sofa is
Aiman.
SAULE Who is the blonde girl sitting next to Aiman?
ZHANAR The girl with short hair? That is Maira.
SAULE Who is the guy that is dancing?
ZHANAR Which one? The guy of middle height in a white shirt?
SAULE No, I'm talking about the curly-haired guy in the black
sweater.
ZHANAR Ah, that is Aidyn.
Dialogue 8
MAKSAT What do you think about Facebook?

ZHANAR My opinions about Facebook are full of contradictions.
On the one hand, Facebook offers lots of opportunities
for users; on the other hand it takes up so much of
people’s time.
ARMAN Because | have registered on Facebook recently, | don't
have much of an opinion. But it is convenient for keeping
in touch with acquaintances.
ASEM Because my friends and acquaintances are all over the
world, | use Facebook to be in touch with them.
MAKSAT You can keep in touch with your friends through email as
well.
ZHANAR Of course, you are right, you can use email. But Facebook
makes communication easier. Because your friends’ recent
pictures are on their pages, they write their opinion [about
something], you will be informed about the news in their
lives.
ARMAN In my opinion, Facebook diminishes the meaning of the
word ‘friendship’. It is impossible to be friends with so
many people, right?
ASEM I don’t agree [with this opinion of yours]. Because you can
use Facebook not only for friendship, also for other
purposes. For instance, for business or to establish public
opinion.
MAKSAT In general, | consider Facebook unnecessary. Because
people who have things to do cannot stay on Facebook
pages for a long time.
ZHANAR I think that everything should be balanced. You can use
Facebook and work hard at the same time.
MAKSAT Maybe that is true.
Kazakh-English glossary
A anTy to tell
Abannay to be careful anbiHa every month
aBCTpanuAnbIK Australian anbIpMalWbLINbIK difference
aBTo6yc GekeTi bus station aK white
aBTobycKa MiHy to take a bus aK KeHin kind, nice
aBTOTYpaK car park aKKenkeH parsley
areHT agent aKKyba white-skinned
afa uncle, older aknapar information
brother (also aKnaparTThbiK mass media
formal term of Kypangap tools
address for aKwa money
older men) aKwa currency
araw tree anbipbacray exchange
af3a organism aKwanaw in cash
arfbiNWbiH Engiish, aKwa taby to earn money
Englishman/ aKkbinawbl intelligent
woman an and
anam man, humankind anau square
asanry to reduce anfawkobl the very first
asawo to decrease angpbi front
alparaH few, a little anabiHFbl KyHi the day before
asaan a little bit yesterday
a3bIK-TYRiK grocery shop anneprus allergy
AYKeHi anno hello
an moon anma apple
an canbiH every month, anTbliH gold
monthly any to take
ankawnay to shout anbIc distant, far
anmag region anbICTaH remote control
anHanacsol around 6ackapaTbiH
anpas kefir Kypan
anTnaKuwbl by the way anbicy exchange
Kazakh-English glossary 27N
Amepuka America ac 6enmeci kitchen

AmMepukanbik, American ac KacblK tablespoon
aMepuKaHAbIK ac nicipy to cook
aHa mother aca very, quite
aHay that (pronoun) ackabak pumpkin
aHpa there acnas(wbl) cook
aHpa-caHaa sometimes acnaH sky
aHcambnb ensemble actbl under, underside
aHbIKTama reference acy to exceed, to
aHbiKTama information cook (meat)
Bropochbl bureau acxaHa canteen
aHbIKTama information acrma asthma
opTanbiFbl centre acbiFa KyTy to look forward
au animal acbiFy to hurry
aHkay naive acbiKnan taking one’s time
ana grandmother acbipan anfaH adopted,
anan respectful form adoptive
of address to ar horse
older women aT MiHrisy to give a horse
anapy to take to as a gift
anta week ara grandfather
anTa KyHaepi weekdays aTa-aHa parents
anracbliHa every week aTtakTbl famous
apab Arabic arany to be named
apanacy to have friendly aTKa MiHy to ride a horse
relations aTbi-XOHI full name
apanbig interval Atbipay Atyrau city
ap3aaH cheap aya air
apanacTbIpy to mix aya-panbl weather
apanay to go around aynaH district
apwy to peel ayaapmMallbi translator,
apblK slim interpreter
apaanpaty to reduce price aynapy to translate
apka back ayna yard
apKbinbl via, through, by aypayxaHa hospital
means of aybin village
apHanraH dedicated aybin villagers
apTTa KanfaH backward TYPFbIHAAPLI
apTbl back (of) aybin TYPMbIChI village life
apTbIK extra aybInasiKrap villagers
ac food aybip heavy
ac 6oncbliH! bon appétit! ayuIpThin any to hurt
272 Kazakh-English glossary
aybipy to be ill anke sister

aybICTbIPY to exchange op each
awThbl bitter apuHe indeed,
awy to open of course
awbiny to be opened 9pKaWaH, biNfu always
aWbIK open, clear apTypni various
AWbITKbI yeast, ferment apinTec colleague
awbl bitter, sour acem pretty
ao bear acepiH Turisy to impact
an3 frost acipece in particular,
an3gbl freezing especially
asiK Knim shoes ayexan airport
aAangama bus stop aype 6ony to trouble over
anKray to finish, to
complete b
6ara price
9 6araH column
a6aeH very well 6asap market
apneGuer literature Gan rich
apemi pretty 6ankay competition, to
apeminen nicely, beautifully notice, to be
aperTe usually cautious
apic method 6annaHbIc connection
awe grandmother BalnaHbICTbI depending on,
anen woman related to
ANHeK glass 6anbINTbI calm, reasonable
anTnece otherwise b6ak garden, luck
aKe father 6aKbITCbI3 unhappy
aKeny to bring 6aKbITTbI happy
AKim mayor 6an honey
aKimwi administrator 6ana child
aKimMwinik administration 6anabakwa kindergarten
ange or 6ananap school boarding
aneMm world MHTEpPHaTbI house
ancis weak G6aner ballet
ani still, yet 6ankoH balcony
ani KyHre aenid till this day, still 6anmy3pak ice cream
oambeban universal 6anuik aynay to fish
OMUAH purse 6aHK KbiameTkepi bank clerk
9H anty to sing GaHkomar cash machine
9He there 6ap there is, to have
QHLWI singer GapKbIT velvet
6apnbifbl everything, Gewner beshmet (oriental

everybody quilted coat)
6ac head, main 6unaHec business
B6ac anaH main square 6unert ticket
6ac kmim headdress 6upka label
6acka other, different Ouwi dancer
GaccenH swimming pool 6wmik tall, high
Gacrany to start 6nyska blouse
6acray to start 6oeBunk action movie
6acTaybiu elementary 6onbIHwWwa according to
CbIHbIN school Oonawag future
f6acTbiK boss Gomkam hypothesis
f6acbin ety to pass through 6ony to be
6arapen battery 6onbin as
b6aTtbic west 60c yaKbIT spare time
6ay string 6enek separate, different
6ay-6akwa vegetable garden 6enke HaH loaf of bread
b6aybipcak baursak (fried 6enme room
pieces of 6enik part
dough) Genim section, division
6anrbina a long time ago GopTy be covered in a
6any slowly rash
GoviTepex poplar Oepik fur hat
6ankim probably 6ertenke bottle
Ganiw pie 6y steam
Gace | knew it 6yna bundle, batch
G6enbiTwinik peace Bbyana Buddha
Oyxranrtep accountant Oynpa curly
Bevxin Beijing OynbiMTan a business,
Oenxe image a request
GenceHbi Thursday 6yn this
GenTaHbIC stranger 6ynbyn nightingale
benxabap uninformed 6yntray to be covered by
beker station clouds
6en waist 6ynTTbI cloudy
6enGey belt 6ypy to turn, to rotate
6epy to give 6ypbiny to turn
Gepi since OypbIH before,
bepik firm long time ago
6ecbapmak traditional dish 6ypbiHFbIgan as before
ber face 6ypbiw corner
6eT-anner appearance 6yrin today
6yriH TyHae tonight ronnaHauAnNbIK Dutch

6y#pek kidney ronbgp golf
Oykrey to fold rpaayc degree
6ypxey to muffle ryn flower
GypciryHi the day after rynaey to blossom
tomorrow rypin a rumble, roaring
6bINTLIP last year
F
6i3 we
6ineaik bracelet fanam universe
6iny to know fanamTop Internet
6inim Gepy education Fansim researcher
wywneci system FaHa only
6inimai educated fapbiw space
6ip XarblHaH on the one hand facoIp century
6ip Hapce something fumapar building
6ipa3 some, few fbiNbIM research field
Gipak but, however
6ipaeH at once, A
immediately OanbIH ready
6itin kany to run out of AanbiHaay to prepare
6ropkeT budget AanbIBAbIK pre-school
mekTebi
B AadK spot
BaroH carriage, car Aamy to develop
(of train) AaHFbIN avenue
Benocunep to bike AapWbIH cinnamon
Teby AapbiHAbI talented, gifted
BUAEO OMHATKbLIW video player AacrapxaH a table set with
BW3a any to receive a visa food
BUTaAMWUH vitamin AanAlbl waiter/waitress
(napymeH) asn exact
BOK3an railway station O9M TaTty to taste food
Bonra (Enin) Volga river famai tasty
AdH grain
r
fpanTep notebook
raser newspaper AspeTxaHa toilet
ra3er KMOCKiCi newspaper kiosk aapi medicine
rapax garage Aapi xasbin to prescribe
ran gist, hidden gist Gepy medicine
renb gel Aapirep doctor
Fepmanun Germany Aapixana pharmacy
ma guide AacTYpNi traditional
Aenin before eKiHWi MafblHaH on the other hand

Oenn deli en people, nation,
Aemany to rest country
aemanbic a day off, weekend enuwinik embassy
AeHe body eMaeny to receive
AeHe mywenepi parts of the body treatment
AeHe WbIHLIKTLIPY gym eMxaHa clinic
3anbl eHrisy to insert
AeHcaynbIK health eHai and now, from now
aen saying eHe mother-in-law
Aen ownay to think that eHwiney to book
Aen ceHy to believe that €H most
Aen yMiTTeHy to hope that eHbek labour
AepeKTi KNHO documentary eHbeKkKop hard-working
AeTeKTUB detective ep anam man
AKUHCI jeans epekwe special
AWBaH sofa, couch epekwenik peculiarity
AOMbbIpa dombra epnep men
[oc friend eprte early
AOCTbIK friendship epTeH tomorrow
neHrenek round epiHy to be lazy
AeHrenekrey to make it round epiTtinrend melted
AYywkKa Tycy to take a shower ecKepTKiw statue
AYpsbIiC correct ecKkepTy to notify, to warn
aynceHbi Monday ecki old, worn out
AYKeH shop ecte 6oncbiH to keep in mind
AYKeH apanay to shop ecTty to hear
AyHKe world, universe ecik door
Ablbbic sound er meat
AiH religion eTex hem
Aisn religious eTik boots
AiHre ceHy to believe in God, eyponansik European
to be religious elKim nobody
elwKkanga nowhere
E ewlKawan never
Epric Irtysh ewHapce nothing
erge elderly
erep if X
ery to plant wababIK equipment,
exenri ancient accessory
eKiHWwi gyHue Second World wababiKkranfaH equipped, provided
Xy3inik CofbICbI War waby to close
XabbiK closed WapTbl half (kg, litre)

Xara collar, (sea, river) xapy to explode
coast napbig light, bright
xaransi collared KapbiM half (about time)
arfapmamn oil, petroleum wac age, young
warpan situation xacanfau made
wary to light, Kacay to make
wan to turn on wacecnipim adolescent
memory *acrap youth
xaa summer *acsbin green
*aiba manuscript, post nacbipy to hide
(in blogging) WaTKbIY to lay down
Kasfbl summer HarTTbiFy exercise
Hasywbl writer wary to lay down,
Kasbiny to subscribe to go to bed
*asbin Gepy to write for *ayan answer
somebody wahaHabIK global warming
XanbinaTbiH folding sofa, Xbiny
AVMBaH convertible sofa wan by foot
xakg side WoHe and
WaKcbl good wegen-xapaem emergency
WaKCbl Kepy to like weane husband of
XaKcbl Kynae in good condition older sister
KaKbIH Xepae near, close by wenpe shirt
wangay to hire, to rent WeK kepy to hate
Xannsl in general weke Kyanik ID
XaHapman petrol station wekceHbi Sunday
Gexkerti xen cory the wind blows
XaHa new wengi windy
XaHanaH newly opened weni net
awbinFaH wemnip cardigan
XaHanbIKTap news wemic fruit
XaHfak nut wemicTi fruitful
XanoHAbIK Japanese XeHeBa Geneva
XanoHun Japan WeH sleeve
Xapanabi OK, agreed KeHy to win, to defeat
KapanaHy to be wounded WeHre wife of an older
Wapamabt good/fit for, brother
valid (about Henin easy, light
document) xeHinpeTty to make it easy
»NapampabinbIk expiry date xeHinaik discount
Mep3imi wen Kepy to taste
wapacy to suit, to fit (about food)
wep earth, land, place KybIHATbIH bathroom

wep actbl underground 6enme
wep cinkinic earthquake wyban spouse
wep cinkiny (verb) earthquake Kynabi3 star
weprinixTi local Kyma Friday
xeprene basement KYMCaK soft
werepnik enough, sufficient Kymcapy to become soft
xety to reach Kymcay to spend money,
wey to eat to send on an
KUHaNaTbIH folding board assignment
TaKra XKYMbIPTKA €gg
KUHanfaH collected, gathered XYMbIC work, job
WUHany to get together, XKYMbIC areHTTiri job agency
to pack XYMbIC OPHbI workplace
XUHanbIC meeting KYMbIC icTEy to work
wuhaspanraH furnished KYMbICKA to be hired
xni often opHanacy
XofFanty to lose WYMbICLWLI worker
Xofapbl high Kyripy to run
Xofapbl to go up wy3 hundred, Juz
Kerepiny xy3sy to swim
XOFapbl cananbl high quality Xy3i 6o3apy to have a pale
HOK no face
won road wy3ik ring
won 6ony to be lucky KYK luggage, baggage
won cinren to give directions XKYK TepMUHanbI baggage claim
xibepy Xyprisywi driver
Xonayuibl traveller XYPAEK NONbLI3 express train
WONFa WbiFy to go on a trip Xyperi anHy to feel sick
wongama letter of referral Kypek heart
WOnmara pavement xypy to walk
XONbIHbI3 have a nice trip! Kbin year
6oncobiH! Xbin mep3iMaepi seasons
xocnap plan Kbinga every year
xocnapnay to plan Kbigam quickly
KeHpenreH repaired KbINKbi horse
xKeHaey to repair HbNbI warm
eHAaeyLwi repairer KbINbITY to warm up
WOeHiHAae about XbIHbI Keny to be mad at
xereny to cough wiGek silk
WypHan magazine xi6epy to send
xyy to wash wirit fellow, guy,
XybIKTa soon, recently boyfriend
3 Kacinkep businessman
3an living room, hall KBUTaHUUA receipt, bill
3aHrep lawyer Kegaen poor
3at item, goods Keagecy to meet
3ayKb! COFy to be in the Keaek line
mood for Ke3eH period
3aybIT factory Keaey to focus
39ATYH Manbl olive oil Ke3inge long time ago
3BOHAAy to call Kenge sometimes
3enHeT pension Keneci KyHi next day
3eAHeTKep pensioner Keny to come
3eprepnik jewellery KeniH daughter-in-law,
6ynbiMaap sister-in-law
3eprepnik AykeH jewellery shop KefiHwek newly married
3eprrey to research woman
3eprreywi researcher Kenicy to agree
KeMLWWIinik error, discrepancy
n KeHXe youngest child
na yes KEeH MbIKTbI wide-shouldered
naey to nod KeHec advice
UreHreH Kambip kneaded dough Kenec Oparnli Soviet Union
UHe needle KeHecy to consult
MHXeHep engineer Kencep skimming spoon
uHTEepHeT/ Internet KenTtenic traffic jam
fanamrtop Kkeningeme guarantee
ncnaHAabiK Spanish KepemeTt very good,
ur dog excellent
UTanNUAHAbIK ltalian kepy to stretch
nic smell, odour, scent Kepiny to stretch oneself
Kece tea bowl
K KeceHe mausoleum
Kanbumu calcium KeckKiH figure, picture
Kamepa camera Kecne Kexe noodle soup
KaHapanblK Canadian Kecy to cut
KaHbOH canyon KeTy to leave
KapTon potato Kew evening
Kapbepa career Kell, Xaun late
Kacca cashier Kewe yesterday
KaMMUT sweets, candy KewKi evening
Kapic Korean Kewiry, kewirin to be late
KacTpen casserole Kany
Kaci6n professional Kewipy to forgive
Kewe stupid KOHin cory to want

KAnorpaMm kilogram KeHin Tony to be satisfied
KUHO movie/film KeHinai happy
KWHOTeaTp cinema KOHiN-KyiA mood
KMiM enwenTiH fitting room KeHincia unhappy
6enme Ken many, lots, much
KMiM canartbiH wardrobe KOn XYMbIC hardworking
wkan icrenTin anam person
KWiHy to get dressed KentereH many
KWin Kepy to try on Kenip bridge
KNnaccuKanbik classical music Kenipwirty to whip
My3blka KOPKEM KWHO movie/film
Konnemx college KepkeMeHepna- amateur talent
KONXo3 kolkhoz anap ymnipmeci activity
KoMeguna comedy KOPHEKTi sights, tourist
KOMNaHuA company opbiHAap attractions
KOMNbOTEep computer Kepcety to show
KOMnblOTEp computer table Kepy to see
KOATBLIH ycTen Kepuwi neighbour
KOMCOMOn komsomol KopiK beauty
KOHCYn consul KepiHic view
KOHUepT concert Ketepy to lift, to raise
KOHUEpPT KO0 to give a concert Kewe street
KOHbKW Teby to skate KeweneH oTy to cross the street
KOCTIOM suit KeleHiH 60ibI along the street
koche coffee Kewneni nomadic
xoche KacanuTbiH coffee maker Kewy to move to a
MalWMKnHe new place
kebinge mostly Kewipme copying machine
Keringip light blue M3WMnHecH
Ke3inaipik glasses KpeauT Kapra credit card
Kennek dress Kpem cream
KOK blue Kyanik certificate
KOK Tawfak sleet Ky6 cube
KeKeHicTep vegetables KypC course
KOKTEM spring KypTKa jacket
Kxen lake Ky3 autumn
Kenik transport KYy®h piece of music
KeniK KaTblHachbl commuting Kygipy to burn
KeMeKTecy to help Kyney 6ana son-in-law,
KeMipcy carbohydrate brother-in-law
KOHe ancient Kyny to laugh
KyMic silver KanaaH where from

KYH the sun, day KanHaraH boiled
KYHAe Kelke every evening KanHaTty to boil
KYHOe TaHepTeH every morning KaWCbICb! which one
KyHAae, KyHgenikTi, every day KauTa again
KYH CaWbIH KanTy to go back
KYHAeniKTi daily KanbIpbIMAbINbIK charity
KYHAI3 afternoon KaKnak cover
Kypiw rice Kana town
KyTe TYpy to wait a moment Kana apanay to go sightseeing
KyTy to wait Kana ruai city guide
KYTY 3anbl waiting room Kana TYpMbiCbl city life
Kint key Kanam pen
Kim who Kanay to prefer, to want
Kip XyaTblH washing machine KanawbIK town
MaLWKHe KanfaHbl rest of, remains of
Kip XKyy to do laundry Kanky to soar
Kip yTiKTey to iron clothes KanMblK Kalmyk
Kipy to enter Kanra pocket
KiTan book KantacgoH cell phone
Kitan eTtkisy to return a book KanTbipay to shiver
to library Kany to stay, to remain
KiTanxaHa library KanbINTacTbIpy to establish,
KiwkeHTan small to form
Kaman fortress
K KaMTamachbI3 eTy to supply,
Kabak eyebrow to provide
Kabar floor, level KaMbip XKalo to roll dough
Kabbipra wall Kambip uney to make dough
Karas paper KaMbIp baking powder
Kafry to knock, to nail KONCLITKbILW
KaxeT need KaH blood
KaXeTTi necessary KaH ary to bleed
Kas goose KaH KbliCbIMbl blood pressure
Kasak Kazakh KaHar wing
Ka3ak Tini Kazakh language KaHe show me!, come
KasaKwa in Kazakh on! (interjection)
KasaH October KaHT sugar
Kasbl horse sausage KaHwa how many, how
Kasip now much
Kawn which Kan (expression of
Kanga where regret)
Kap snow KonAaHylWbl user

Kap xayy to snow KonAaHbIC use, usage
Kapa black Konbl 6o¢c to have free time
Kapa Topbl dark-skinned KOHak yhi hotel
Kapa wawTsbl dark-haired KOHAK WaKbIpy to invite a guest
Kapa wokonan dark chocolate KOHaIpKan hospitable
KapafaHpa compared to KOHaKKa keny to visit as a guest
Kapama- contradiction KOHbICTaHy XaTbl work permit
KaWuWbINbIK KOHbIP brown
Kapan wbiFy to look through Kopan box
Kapanavbim simple, modest, Kopek nourishment,
humble nutrition
Kapay to look KopekxTi nutritional
KapKbIHAbI intensive courses KOPKbIHbLIWTbI dreadful, scary
KypcTap KOPbIK nature reserve
Kapnbi snowy KoC double
KapHb! auwy to be hungry Kocy to add
Kapchbl opposite KOCYy Tyhmeci power switch
Kapra map KOCbINFaH connected
Kapy weapon KOCbINFaH KyH value added tax
KapbiM-KaTbIHac relationship canbifbl (VAT)
Kac eyebrow KOCbIMLUA additional
KacbiK spoon KOCbIHAbLI mixture
Katan strict KOw Kenpinia welcome
KaTTbl hard KOLo to put on top of
Katynbl angry KOO L3N strong tea
KaTbiHay to commute Kyslpaak fried meat
KaTbICy to participate (Kazakh dish)
KayinTi dangerous KybIpy to fry
KawaH when KyObinMansI changeable
KMbINbIC intersection Ky6bip pipeline
KMbIH difficult KYAbIK well
KWAp cucumber KyXaTt document
KOFaMAabIK Kenik public transport Kynak ear
KoFfaMAbIK nikKip public opinion Kynay to fall down
KOW sheep Kynuna secret
KOW Ke3pi brown-eyed KYyp empty, in vain
KOWAbIH eTi lamb’s meat Kypan device
Kon hand KypambIiHaa to consist of
KOon xyri hand luggage KYpfaK dry
Kona payipi Bronze age KYpT worm, dried
KongaaHy to use cheese
KYcy to vomit M
KYTThl lucky charm MafblHa meaning
Kyt to pour Mam butter, oil
Kbi3 girl Mannsl greasy, oily
Kbl3aHaK tomato ManoHe3 mayonnaise
Kbi3FaHLWaK envious, jealous Makcar goal
KbI3fbINT pink MaKra cotton wool
Kbi3abIpy to heat man beast, animal
Kbi3MeT a higher ranking manray to swim
position Manuwsbl shepherd
KbI3y to be heated MamaHAabIK profession
KbI3bIFy to admire, to MambIp May
show interest MaHaun surrounding
KbI3bFyWbinblK interest MaHbliaabl important
Kbi3bifbIH Kepy to enjoy MapxaH pearl
KbI3bIK interesting mapkep marker
KbI3bU1 red MapLuipyTka type of public
Kbl3blifl-capbl orange (colour) transport
Kbi3binwa beetroot mara fabric
KbinbIK behaviour maremaruka mathematics
KbimbaT expensive maxabbar love
KbIMbI3 kymyz (fermented mageHwner culture
horse milk) Ma3ip menu
KbIpPFbi3 Kyrgyz MOHTi manti
KbIPKYHeK September Macene problem
KbIpbIHY to shave Mackey Moscow
KbIC winter MOLLUHE car
KbICKa short MalwinHe to drive a car
KbiTan Chinese nyprisy
KbITan Tini Chinese MeAMaHXaHa restaurant
language Meipam holiday
KbIWKLIN sour, acid MepaMxaHa restaurant
Kblwy to itch MEeKeH-Xan address
mekTen school
n MekTenTi to graduate from
narepb camp asKray/Gitipy school
narMaH lagman (a dish) Mmenoapama melodrama
nag kid (young goat) MeH |
nac dirty MeHWIiK owned
nen puff, breath MeHiH my
JIMMOH lemon MeHiHwe in my opinion
nuTp litre Mep3im season
Nonpo London Mep3iMi eTkeH expired
MewiT mosque HOMip number

MHKpOCKON microscope HYCKa version
MuHepan mineral HYyKTe point
MUHYT minute
MUCCUOHEp missioner 0
MoTenb motel obnbic region
Menwep size, volume onnay to think
My3biKanbiK musical onHay to play
acnan instrument OAbIH game
MyFanim teacher OWbIH-CayblK entertainment
MYHa#n oil opblHAap.I centres
MYHaWLWbl worker in oil OWbIHWbI player
industry OKTR6pAT little octobrist
MyHapa tower oK bullet
MyHAaa here oKray rolling pin
Mypaxan museum OKy to read, to study
MYPbIH nose OKY ¥bINbl academic year
Myngem at all OKylWbI pupil
MYMKiH possibly, on he, she, it, this
perhaps onap they
MYMKIHAIK possibility OH ten
MbIKTbI strong OHWwa not very
MbiIHa this OH XaK right side
MbiH thousand OHTYCTIiK southern
MbIp3a sir, Mr onepa opera
MiHAaeTTi Typae obligatorily, onepauma operation,
definitely surgery
MiHe here opaman Tapty to wear a
MioHxeH Munich headscarf
opKecTp orchestra
H opHanacka located
HaH bread opTa 6oinsl middle height
HapbIK market opTa mekTen high school
HayphbI3 Nowruz opTanbiK central
HaTUXe result opTanbIK NowTa central post office
He what OopTanbIKTaH central heating
Here why KbINbITY
Heriari main OpbIHALIK chair
Hemepe grandchild opbIc Russian
Hemece or or fire
HeMic German orbachl family
Hewe how many oTbIpY to sit
Huwpepnanarap The Netherlands ocuc office
o oTiny to request
eren ake/wewe stepmother/ ewipy to switch/turn off
father
eri3 bull n
e3apa mutual nanpa profit
e36ek Uzbek nanpanasy to use, to take
©36ekcTaH Uzbekistan advantage of
e3repy to change navaa 6ony to appear
e3eH river nambI3 per cent
e3ekTi timely, topical nakert pack
(problem) nanay palau
e3i him/herself nansro coat
03iH KyTy to take care of napap parade
him/herself napax sheet
onAaH whbiFapy to create, to Napwx Paris
come up with napk park
ONTKeHI because napbi3 duty
ekne lungs nacnopr passport
eKwe heel natep apartment
oKin ake godfather neH and
oKiHillke opau unfortunately nepae curtains
enwem (pasmep) size netpornudg petroglyph
enwey to measure NUAHUHO piano
emip life NuH Koa pin code
eHaipicTik industrial nuoHepnep ranks of pioneers
eHep art KaTapbl
oHAi attractive nnA3 onion
epKeHweT civilization nNNacTuK plastic
epHeK pattern, design nnaukapr coach seat (train)
epik araw apricot tree noavesn entrance
8piK WLIPbIHbI apricot juice NOWbI3 KecTeci train schedule
ecy to grow nonNUUKUA police
ecimaik vegetable nowra post office
ecipy to grow, to raise npe3naeHT president
eTe very npuHTEep printer
©TKEH FacbIp last century nporenH protein
©TKEH Xbifbl last year nynst remote control
eTKizy to conduct, to nyniw velvet
carry out nikip opinion
eTTeri oxygen nicy to be cooked
eTy to cross, to pass nicipy to cook
eTy Mep3imi expiry date nbeca piece
P can handle
paawo radio canap trip
pa3bl content with capawn palace
panxaH basil capbl yellow
pac true capbl Man butter
paywas rose capbinaarty to pour liquid
paxmet thank producing
pacim ritual a noise
pe3lome resume capbiMcak garlic
penc scheduled flight catywsl salesperson
peHTreH radiography cartbin any to buy
pPex colour, tone caTbin anywsbl buyer
Pecen Russia cay 6on(biHbi3) goodbye
pecnybnunka republic caypna xacay to shop
per time(s) (e.g. two cayna shopping
times, three OpTanbifbl centre
times) caycak finger
perTey to regulate cabia carrot
peuent receipt canem hi
pomaH novel canemaeme a present
pyne steering wheel CoHAi fashionable
capceH6i Wednesday
Cc caTeH satin
cabay lesson CaTTi successful
cabak 6epy to teach cayne sunshine
cabak kapay to do homework cayner architecture
carar watch, clock caynetwi architect
carart webepi clock repairer cBuTep sweater
casrep musician cebebi because
ca3 melody ce3y to feel
cannay election cenceHb6i Thursday
cawr site ceKyHa second
cankbiH cool, cold cen mudflow
canmag weight ceH you
cany to put into ceHbi Saturday
canblIK tax CeHy to believe,
to trust
camca stuffed fried/ CeHiIM trust
baked dough cepunA series
caHak census cepyeHaey to walk, to air
canay to count, to cupek seldom
estimate CUbIpPAbIH eTi beef
CaHCKpHUT Sanskrit cun ink
CHUAKTbI it seems, CYWbIK liquid

it looks like cyp grey
cOBX03 sovkhoz cypakK question
cofy to hit, to beat cypay to ask
COFbIC war cyxbar interview
cogaH KeWiH after that cynex bone
confa 6ypbiny to turn left cymnkimai cute
CONTYCTiK northern cynri towel
coma sum CYPTiHy to dry oneself
coHpan such cypty to dry
COHABIKTaH therefore cyr milk
COHfFbI last cyo to kiss, to love
copna broth, stock CbIfbIp small-eyed
coyc sauce ChIWNbIK gift
ces word cbiMbaTt beauty
cewunecy to talk CbiMBaTTb! attractive
cewney to speak CbIH criticism
coMmke bag CbIHALIPY to break
CoHy to go out CbIHY to break
(fire, light) CblHbIN grade, class
cnopraan gym chbip cheese
cnopTneH to do sport Cbipfa earring
wyrbinnay/ ChbIpThbl outside of
anHaneicy ci3 you (formal)
cnoprwbl athlete cinni the younger sister
CTaguoH stadium of a woman
CTaHaQapTTLI standard cipke cybl vinegar
cTaTMcTUKA statistics
crarockon statoscope T
cTpecc stress Taburar nature
CTYAEHT student Taby to find
cynepMapker supermarket Tafa horseshoe
cyper painting Taram food
cyper cany to paint Tary to wear
cypetke Tycipy to take picture of Tarbl again
someone or Tarb! Gipeynep some people
something Tasa clean
cypeTtke Tycy to take a picture TasananTbiH cleaning product
cypervwi painter CYMbIK
CyCbIH beverage, drink Tasanay to clean
CybIK cold TanfFaHak slippery
CYbIK TUIO to catch a cold TaKkcu taxi
TaKua skulicap Tap6me upbringing,

Tan widow education
Tan Tyc noon ToTe auntie
TanabipMall slim TOTTi sweet
Tankbinay to discuss Tayenai dependent
Tam house Tayip better
Tamak food Tearp theatre
Tamay aybipy to have a sore Te3 fast, quick(ly)
throat Tekcepy to check
Tamak nicipy to cook Teneanaap television
Tamak iwy to eat Teneauaap TV stand
Tamawa very good, KOATbIH ycTen
excellent Tenecepwan TV series
Tamawanay to watch with Teneckon telescope
admiration TenedoH telephone
TaHy to be acquainted TenedoH cory to call
TaHbIC acquaintance Temip xon Geketi railway station
TaHbICTLIPY to introduce TEeHHUC tennis
TaH morning TeHre (Kazakh currency)
Tanbanb! marked TeHrepinrex balanced
TaHaay to choose TeHey equate with
TaHepTeH morning TeHi3 sea
TaHepTeHri ac breakfast Tepy to pick (berries),
TancbipbIC purchase order to dial
Tap narrow, small T™™ber Tibetan
Tapa3sbl scale TOKawW pastry
Tapak comb ToKTay to stop
Tapay chapter TOKYy to knit
Tapux history TONTLIPY to fill
Tapuxu historical Tonbl full of
Tapuxibl historian TonbIFbIMEH fully
TaprTna drawer TonbIK full
TapTbiMAabl attractive TOonbIK 6arachbl full price
Tac stone TonbIKWa middle weight
Tacna recording TOHA3LITKbILW refrigerator
Tacray to throw TOHY to feel cold
Tay mountain TOPpT cake
Taynbl mountainous TO0 to eat enough
TawkeHT Tashkent Tebe top
Tank stick Tebe waweb! TiK to be scared
Tany to approach TYPY
ToXiK Tajik Tory to spill, to pour out
Teney to pay TYPRI-TYCTi colourful

TOMeH down TYPpiK Turkish
Tepnety to come in TYpPiKkMeH Turkmen
TepTOypbIWw quadrangle TyC midday
Tecek bed TYCKi ac lunch
Tecek XuHay to make a bed TYCY to come down
TpamBaw tram TYCiHaipy to explain
Ty flag TyCiHikTi it is clear/
TYFaH KYH birthday understood
Typanbl about TYWKipy to sneeze
Typay to cut TbifbI3 urgent, dense
TYPUCTIK areHTTiK tourist agency TbIM too much,
Tyy to be born excessive
TYthnu shoes ThIHbIC breath
TybIC relative TbiHAay to listen
TY3 salt ThIpHaK nail
TY3Abl salty ThipbICy to try
TY3AbIK dressing Tiry to sew
Tyna 60#bl the whole body Tin opransifl language centre
TYMaH fog Tinwi journalist
TYMaHAbI foggy Tinim slice
Tymay flu TipkenreH registered
TYHFbIW oldest child Tipkeny Kara3bl registration paper
TYPFbIH yinep residential area Tipkey OpHbI check in
aynaHbl Tic tooth
TYpFbiHAApP inhabitants Tic KaKcay to have toothache
TYPMbICKa married (about Tictey to bite
WbIKKaH women only)
TYPMbICTa married (about Yy
women only) yanbimpay to be worried
TYpY to live, to stand, yaKbIT time
to get up yaKbIT apanbifbi time interval
TYWbI unsalted yakbiT Seny to spare time
TY6i bottom of yaKbITbIHAA on time
TY3Yy straight ynany to be poisoned
TY3Y XYPY to go straight yHuBepmar universal shop
Tyie camel (supermarket)
TyWe XaHray walnut YHUBepcuTeT university
TYyAme button
TYH opTacsl midnight ¥
TYHri kny6 nightclub YFbIM concept
TYP type y3aK long time
Typxuna Turkey Y3biH long, tall
Y3bIH Gonnbl tall YA neci host

YAKbICbI to feel sleepy YA KbI3meTkepi housemaid
Keny YA Tancblpmachbl homewaork
YMbIKTaNTBIH bedroom yWneHrex married
6enme (about men)
yMbiKTay to sleep ynneHy to get married
yMbiMAacTbIpY to organize ynpeHny to learn
YKbINTbI neat ynperty to teach, to
yn boy coach
ynaH soldier ynin-terin piling up, a lot
ynTaH sole YKKiw grate
YATThIK national yki owl
YNTTbiK NapkKi national park ynrepy to manage to be
yinbi great on time
¥nbl Bputanuna Great Britain ynri sample, model
ynbic nation yRKeH big
YMbITY to forget YMiTTEeHy to hope
YMbITLIAK forgetful YH sound
YH flour YHAi wani Indian tea
yHarty to like Yugictan India
yHay to like ycren table
YHFbIMa oil well ycTen xacay to set a table
yHTaKray to crush ycrTi top, surface of
YpaH slogan something
¥pT cheek yCTiHe on top
¥ypbl thief yw three
ycray to catch yWwin for
YCbIHY to offer, to
suggest, to >
recommend tpecTuBans festival
yry to win (lottery) ¢poHTaH fountain
ywag plain ¢oto photo
yliaKrap kecreci flight schedule ¢orocyper photograph
YAnb! TenedoH cell phone PpaHuun France
dpanuy3 French
Y
yry to grate X
yrity to grate xabap information
yn house xabapnama 6epy to announce
YW XMHAWTBLIH cleaning lady xabapnacy to get in touch
anen xabapnacbin to be in touch
YA xunay to clean the TYPY
house xabapnay to inform
XanbiK people, nation, wanH scorpion

crowd WoNn KanHaTy to prepare tea
XanblKkapanbiK international AN KacblK teaspoon
pencrtep flights WaN Wbirapy to brew tea
XaH khan WANHEK teapot
XaHWanbIM princess wanxaHa teahouse
xar letter llisenuapun Switzerland
xar xibepy to send a letter weKTenreH limited
XaTwbl secretary wennek fried dough
XUMUA chemistry weTen foreign company
cupmacbi
u wey to untie, to solve
UeMeHT cement wue cherry
unTpyc citrus wkan cabinet
uym central universal wokonag chocolate
shop, wen pana desert
supermarket wenaey to be thirsty
wrar state
y wy6bar shubat (fermented
vak-yax dessert made of camel milk)
dough and WYHFbIN ankK deep bowl
honey wbiFapmMa composition,
4YeMMUOH champion essay
w WbIFY exit
WaFbIH small WbIFbIC east
wan tea WbIAaMCbI3 impatient
WaKbLIpy to invite WhINbIM Wery to smoke
wan6ap trousers WbiMkeHT Shymkent
wam light, candle WbIHTaK elbow
waH dust WbIHbIMEH really
WaHFbI ski WbIPbIH juice maker
waHabl dusty XacawuTbiH
wanaH a robe MalIUHe
wanaH xaby to cover with a wipkey church
robe (tradition) weTka brush
wapan wine
wapuay to get tired bl
waxmar chess bIALIC dish
wahap city bIAbIC KyaTbIH dishwasher
waw hair MalMuHe
wawany to choke bIAbIC XYY to wash dishes
wato to splash bIK lee, shelter
bIKTUMan possible 3
bIKWaM ayaaHbl district 3KONOruA ecology
bIM gesture 3KOHOMMCT economist
bIHFaWnbI convenient IKcnoprray to export
bIPbIM superstition nexTp electricity bill
bIpbIC abundance Ty6ipreri
bICTbIK hot 3NEeKTPOHAbIK electronic ticket
6uner
I NeKTPOHAbIK email
iapey to look for nowrTa
inmex loop 3NeKTPOHAbIK electronic goods
burrow, hole Tayapnap
younger brother 3Heprusa energy
business 3Heprun Kesi energy source
stomach
iwek-cineci Kary to laugh 0
iwy to drink 106ka skirt
English-Kazakh glossary
A animal aH, xaHyap,

about Typansl, man (domestic)
WOeHiHge to announce xabapnama 6epy
accountant 6yxrantep answer xayan
acquaintance TaHbIC apartment narep
to be acquainted TaHy to appear nanga Gony
to add Kocy apple anma
additional KOoCbIMLIA apricot epik
address MeKeH-Kamn Arabic apab
administration aKimMwinik architect caynerwi
administrator aKimMwi architecture cayner
to admire CYHACiHyY, Kbi3biFa around anHanacsol
Kapay art eHep
adolescent Kacecnipim as 6onkin, petinae
advice KeHec to ask cypay
to advise KeHec Gepy, athlete cnoprwbi
aKbIn anTy attractive eHAi, TapTbiMAbI
afternoon KYHAI3, TYCTEH auntie Tare
KeniH Australian aBCTPanNUANbIK
again KawuTa, Tarbl autumn Ky3
to agree Kenicy
air aya B
airport ayexan back apka, apTbl
all right wapangbi backward apTTa KanfaH
allergy anneprua bag comKe
always 9pKawaH, bINFu balanced TeHrepinrex
America Amepuka balcony 6ankoH
American AMepukanblik, basement xeprene
amepukaHabIK basil panxaH
ancient exenri, kKeHe bathroom KybIHaTbIH 6enme
and WOHe, NeH battery GaTapen
angry bl3anbl, KaTynbl to be 6ony
bear arwo bridge Kenip

to beat cofy . to bring aKkeny
beauty KOpiK, cynynbiK Bronze age Kona Aaayipi
because euTKeHi, cebebi brown KOHbIPp
bed Tocek brown-eyed KoW ke3apni
bedroom YWbIKTaUTLIH brush weTka
6enme budget Glopxer
beef CubIpAbIH eTi building fumapar
beetroot Kbi3biNwWa bus station aBTo6yc Gekerti
before OypbiH, AeniH bus stop aAngama
to believe ceHy business Buanec, ic
belt 6enbey businessman Kacinkep
better Tayip but 6ipak
beverage/drink CYCbIH butter capbl Man
big ynKeH button TyWme
to bike Benocunen Teby to buy carbin any
birthday TYFaH KyH buyer caThin anywsl
to bite TicTey by the way anTnaKwel
bitter awTsl
black Kapa C
to bleed KaH afry cabinet wkan
blood KaH cake TOpT
blood pressure KaH KbICbIMbI calcium Kanbuun
blouse 6nyaka to call 3BOHAAY,
blue KOK TenedoH cofy
body aeHe calm cabbipnbi
to boil KanHaTty camel TyWe
bone cynex camera Kamepa
book Kitan camp narepb
to book (ticket, eHwiney Canadian KaHaganbig
hotel room) candy, sweets KaMNUT
boots eTiK canteen acxaHa
boss bacTbiIK car MalWuHe
bottle Oetenke car park aBTOTYpaK
box Kopan cardigan xemnip
boy yn carrot cabia
bracelet 6inesik carry out oTKi3y
bread HaH cash aKwanan
to break ChIHY, CbIHABLIPY cash machine 6aHkomar
breakfast TaHepTeHri ac cashier Kacca
breath ThIHbIC casserole KacTpen
to breathe aAem any to catch ycran any
294 English- Kazakh glossary
to catch a cold CYbIK TUIO coat nanLTo

cell phone KantacdoH, coffee Koche
yAnb! TenecoH cold CybIK
census caHak collar Wara
central opranbik colleague apintec
century facbip colour TYC, peH
chair OpbIHAbIK colourful Typni-tycri
to change earepy, e3repTy column Baran
changeable Ky6binmansl comb Tapak
chapter Tapay to come Keny
charity KaNbIPbIMALINbLIK to commute KaTbiHay
cheap ap3aH to compare canbICTbIpy
to check Tekcepy competition bankay
check in TipKey OpHbl to connect Kocy
cheese cbip connection 6annaHbiC
chemistry XUMUA to consult KeHecy
cherry wwue contradiction Kapama-
chess waxmar KaWWbINbLIK
child 6ana convenient bIHFaWnbI
Chinese KbiTan cook acnaswel
Chinese KbiTan Tini to cook ac nicipy
language cool CankblH
chocolate wokonap, corner Oypbiw
to choose Tangay correct AYpbIC
church wipkey cotton MaKTa
cinnamon AapuwbIH to cough weteny
city Kana, wahap to count ecenTey, caHay
civilization epKeHuer cover KaKnak
clean Tasa to cover waby
to clean Tasanay to create xacay, onpaH
to clean Y¥ XuHay wbiFapy
the house criticism CbiH
cleaning lady YW XUHANTbIH to cross the KeweaeH ety
anen street
cleaning product TasanawTbiH cucumber Kuap
CYMAbIK culture MageHueT
clear awbIK curly Oynpa
clinic emMxaHa currency awa
clock carart exchange anbipbacray
to close xaby curtains nepae, Typay
closed Wabbik to cut Kecy, Typay
cloudy oynTThI cute cynkimgi
D to drive a car M3LWnHe XKYPri3y

daily KyHAaenikTi driver Wyprisywi
to dance 6uney dry Kypfak
dancer Gunwi to dry CYpPTY
danger Kayin-karep to dry oneself CYPTiHy
dangerous KayinTi dust wan
to decrease asao dusty waKAbl
to dedicate apHay Dutch ronnaHAuANLIK
deep TepeH duty napoi3
degree rpaayc
Delhi Aenn E
to depend 6annaHbICThbI, each ap
Tayenpi 6ony ear Kyhnag
dependent Toyengai early epre
desert wen pana to earn money aKwa Taby
detective AeTekTus earring Ccbipfa
to develop Aamy, [AMbITY earth xep
device Kypan earthquake Xep cinkiHic
to dial, enter a Tepy east WbIFbIC
number easy WeHin
difference anbipMaLLbInbIK to eat xey, Tamak iy
different backa, eare ecology KOopwaraH oprta
difficult KMbIH educated Ginimai
dirty nac, Kip education 6inim Gepy
discount HeHingik system wyneci
to discuss TankKbinay €99 KyMbIpTKa
dish biabIC elbow WhIHTAK
dishwasher bIAbLIC XyaTbiH elderly erpe
MaluHe election cannay
district bIKWAaM ayaaHbl electricity bill anexTp Ty6ipTeri
doctor Aapirep electronic goods 3NeKTPOHABIK
document KyaT Tayapnap
documentary AepeKTi KMHoO electronic ticket 3NeKTpOHAbIK
dog uT 6unet
door ecik elementary 6acraybiw
double Koc school CbIHbIN
down TemeH email 3NeKTpPOHAbLIK
drawer Taptna nowrTa
dreadful KOPKbIHbIWTbI embassy enwinik
dress Kennek emergency wegen-xepaem
dressing TY3AbIK empty 6oc
to drink iwy energy Kyar
296 English-Kazakh glossary
English arbWbIH festival tpecTuBans

enjoy Kbi3bIfbIH KOPY few asparaH, GipHewe
enough werepnik to fill TONTLIPY
ensemble aHcambnb film/movie KWUHO, KOpPKEeM
to enter Kipy, eHrisy KUHO
entertainment ONbIH-CaybIK to find Taby
entrance hall noave3n finger caycak
equipment wababik to finish anKray
equipped %ababixranrau fire or
error KarTenik firm Gepik
especially acipece fish 6aneIK
essay wbiFapma to fish 6anbiK aynay
to establish KanbINTacTbIpy flag Ty
European eyponanbik flight schedule ywakrap kecreci
evening Kew floor eaen, Kabar
to exchange anMacTtbIpy flour YH
exercise KaTTbiFy flower yn
to exercise WaTTbIFy flu TYMay
exit WbiFy fog TYMaH
expensive KbimbaT foggy TYMaHAabl
expiry date wapamabinbik/ to fold G6yxTey
oty Mep3imi food ac, Tamak, Taram
to explain TYCiHAipy foot ank
to explode »apy for YWiH
to export akcnoprtTay foreign company weten cdupmachi
express train XKypaek NonbI3 to forget ¥YMbITY
extra apTbiK forgetful YMbITWAK
eyebrow Kabak, Kac to forgive Kewipy
fortress Kaman
F fountain choHTaH
fabric mara France ®paHuun
face 6er freezing anagbl
factory 3aybIT French cdpaHuy3
to fall Kynay Friday wyma
family orbacbl friend n[oc
famous aTaKTbl friendship AOCTbIK
far anbic front anao!
fashionable caHAi frost an3
father aKe fruit wemic
to feel cesy fruitful xemicTi
to feel sick xyperi anny fried KybIpblfifaH
to feel sleepy YMKbICbI Keny to fry KybIpy
full TONbIK greasy Mannbl

fulty TONbIFbLIMEH great ynbl
furnished wuhaaganraH Great Britain ¥nb1 Bputanunn
future bonawak green xachbin
grey cyp
G grocery shop A3bIK-TYNIK QYKEeHi
game OWbIH to grow ecy, ecipy
garage rapax guarantee Keningeme
garden baK guide rma
garlic capbiMcak guidebook WON KepceTKiw,
general wannsl aknapar
Geneva XeneBa KiTanwachb!
German HeMmic gym AeHe WbIHbIKTbIPY
gesture biM 3anbl
to get dressed KMiHy
to get married ynneny H
to get together KuHany hair waw
gift CbLINNbIK hand Kon
girl KbI3 hand luggage Kon xyri
to give Gepy handle can, TyTKa
to give »on cinten happy 6aKbLITTLI
directions xibepy hard KaTTbl
glass afiHeK hard-working eHbekKop
glasses Ke3ingipik to hate XKeK Kepy
global warming ¥ahaHabIK Xbiny head 6ac
to go to bed xary health AeHcaynblK
to go up WOFapbl KeTepiny to hear ecty
goal MaKcar heart xypek
gold anTbiH to heat Kbi3abIpY,
golf ronbdg KbINbITY
good KaKcbl heavy aybIp
goose Ka3 heel eKwe
grade CbIHbIN hello anno
to graduate from MexrenrTi/ to help KOMeKTecy
school/ yHUMBepCUTeTTI hem eTek
university anKray hi canem
grain A3H to hide xacblipy
grandchild HeMmepe high Bnik
grandfather ata high school OopTa mekTen
grandmother awe, ana to hire KYMbICKa any
grate YKKiWw historian TapuxLWbl
to grate yry, yrity historical Tapuxm
history Tapux intensive KapKbIHAbI

holiday MeipaMm, AemanbiC interest Kbi3bIFYyWbIbIK
homework YW TancblpMachbi interesting Kbi3bIK
to do homework cabak kapay, ywn Internet nHTepHet/
TancbipMach! Ffanamrop
»acay intersection KUbInbIC
honey 6an interval apansik
to hope YMiTTeHy interview cyx6ar
horse arT, XbInKbl to introduce TaHbICTLIPY
hospitable KOHaxan to invite wakKbIpy
hospital aypyxaHa to invite a guest KoHak WaKbIpy
host y# ueci iron yTiK
hot bICTbIK to iron yTikTey
hotel KOHaK ywi ltalian UTANUAHADIK
house YA to itch Kbilwy
housemaid YA KblameTKepi item 3ar
how many Helwe
how much KaHwa J
to be hungry KapHbl awy jacket KypTKa
to hurry acbify Japan XanoHun
to hurt aybIpTy, peHxXiTy Japanese KanoHAbIK
hypothesis 6onxam jealous Kbl3FaHWaK
jeans OXUHCLI
| MeH jewellery aeprepnik
ice cream 6anmy3pak 6ynbimpap
ID Heke Kyanik jewellery shop 3eprepnik
if erep AYKEeH
to be ill aybipy job agency WYMBbIC areHTTiri
image GenHe journalist Tinwi
immediately 6ipaeH
to impact acep ety K
impatient WhbiAaMCbl3 Kazakh Ka3ak
important MaHbI3Abl Kazakh language ka3sak Tini
indeed apuHe kefir anpaH
India YHpicraH key KinT
industrial eHAipicTiK kidney oynpek
to inform xabapnay kilogram Kunorpamm
information aknapar, xabap kind aK KeHin
inhabitants TYpFuIHAAP kindergarten 6anabakwa
ink cus to kiss cyto
to insert eHrisy kitchen ac 6enmeci
intelligent aKkbinAabl to knit TOKY
to knock Kary long V3bIH

to know 6iny long time y3aK
Korean xapic to look Kapay
Kyrgyz KbIpFbi3 to look after KyTy
to look for iapey
L to look forward acbifa KyTy
label 3aT 6enri, Gupka to lose woFanTy
(travel bag) love maxab6ar
labour eHbek to be lucky xon Gony
lake Ken luggage KYK
lamb’s meat KOWAbIH eTi lunch Tycki ac
language Tin lungs ekne
last year 6bINTbIP
late Kew, wan M
to be late Kewiry magazine WypHan
to laugh Kyny main Heriari
to do laundry Kip Xyy man apnam, ep agam
lawyer 3aHrep many Ken
lazy epiHwex map KapTa
to be lazy epiHy marked TaHb6an.l,
to learn yApeHy G6enrinenrex
to leave Kety market 6a3ap, HapbIK
lesson cabak married yAnexreH
letter xar (about men)
library KiTanxaHa mass media aKknapartTbIK
life emip Kypanaap
to lift KeTepy mausoleum KeceHe
light XapblK, Wam May MaMbIp
light blue keringip mayonnaise ManoHe3
to like yHary, mayor aKim
XaKCbl KOpy meaning MarbiHa
limited WeKTenreH to measure enwey
line Ke3sek meat er
liquid CYMbIK medicine napi
to listen TbIHA3Y to meet Keanecy
literature apebuer meeting XUHanbIC
a little bit aspan melodrama Mmenoapama
to live TYPY, eMip cypy melody cas
living room Kan, KoHaK to melt epy
Genmeci men epnep
local xeprinikri menu Ma3ip
located OpHanackaH microscope MUWKpOCKON
300 English- Kazakh glossary
midday TYyC net weni

midnight TYH opTacol Netherlands Hupepnanarap
milk cyr never elwKawad
mineral MuHepan new *aHa
to mix apanactbipy news XaHanbiKTap
mixture KOCbIHABI newspaper raser
Monday Ayncen6i next Keneci
money aKwa nightclub TYHri kny6
mood KOHin-Kyn nightingale 6ynbyn
moon an no WOK
morning eaH, TaHepTeH nobody eLKim
Moscow Maeckey to nod 6ac usey
mosque MewiT nomad KewneHai
most eH nomadic Kewneni
mother aHa noon Tan Tyc
mother-in-law eHe northern CONTYCTIK
mountain Tay nose MYPbiH
mountainous Taynbl notebook aantep
to move to a Kewy nothing euwHapce
new place now Kasip
movie/film KMHO, KOPKeMm nowhere ewkKanaa
KUHO number HOMIp
Mr MbIp3a nut WaHFaK
museum Mypaxan nutrition Kopek
mutual e3apa nutritional KopexTi
my MEeHiH
o
N October KasaH
nail TbipHaK to offer YCbIHY
naive aHKay office ocuc
narrow Tap often wni
nation ynbiC oil MYHaW, xarapMan
national YATTHIK OK ¥apawpbl,
national park YATTLIK napki XaKCb!
nature Taburar old ecki, kapi
nature reserve KOpbIK olive oil 39ATYH Manbl
near WaKbIH onion nuA3
neat YKbINTHI only faHa
necessary KaXKeTTi to open awy
need Kaxet opinion nikip
needle uHe opposite Kapcbl
neighbour Kepuwi or ange, Hemece
orange anenbCcuH, plan wocnap

Kbi3biNl-Capbl to plan wocnapnay
organism ar3a to plant ery
to organize yhAbiMaacTbIpy plastic nNacTuk
otherwise anTnece to play ounHay
owl Yki player ONbIHWbI
oxygen eTreri pocket Kanrta
point HyKTe
P
poison y
to paint cyper cany police nonuuuA
painter cypeTwi poor Kegen
painting cyper poplar GonTepex
palace capan possibility MYMKIHAIK
paper Kara3 possible bIKTUMan
parade napap post office nowrTa
parents ara-aHa potato Kapron
Paris Mapwx to pour Kyto
park napk to prefer kanay
parsley akenkeH to prepare AanbiHaay
part 6enik to prepare tea WoN KanHaTy
to participate KaTbICy to prescribe Aapi xa3bin
parts of AeHe Mylwenepi medicine Gepy
the body present CbINNbIK,
passport nacnopt canemgeme
pattern epHek president npe3vaeHT
to pay Teney pretty apemi, acem
peace 6enbiTwinix price 6ara
pearl MapXXaH printer npuHTEp
peculiarity epeKkwenik probably Gankim
to peel apwy problem macene
pen Kanam profession MaMaHAabIK
people XanbiK, XypT professional Kacibu
per cent nanbi3 profit navpa
period Ke3eH protein NpoTenH
petrol station KaHapmawn public opinion KoramAabIK Nikip
Gexkeri public transport KoramabIK
pharmacy Aspixana Kenik
photo corocyper pumpkin ackabak
piece Kecek, Tinim pupil OKy Wb
pink KbI3FbINT purse AMUAH
pipeline KyObip to put into cany
plain ywag to put on top KO0
Q rice Kypiw
question cypaK rich 6an
quickly Kbinaam ring Hy3iK
ritual pacim
R river e3eH
railway station Temip xon Gekeri road won
to raise ecipy, keTepy robe xanar, wanaH
rash 6eprtne room 6enme
to reach xery rose payLwas
to read oKy round A6Hrenek
ready [avbIH to run xyripy
receipt KBUTaHLUUA to run out of Gitin kany
to receive any Russia Pecen
recently KybIKTa Russian opbIC
recording Tacna
red Kbi3bin S
to reduce asanty salesperson caTyubl
reference aHbliKTama salt TY3
refrigerator TOHa3bITKbLIW salty TY3Ab!
region avmagk, oonbic sample yori
registered TipkenreH satin CaTeH
to regulate pertey Saturday ceHbi
relationship KapbIM-KaTbIHAc sauce coyc
relative TybIC scale Tapasbl
religion AiH school MeKTen
religious AiHn scorpion WanH
remote control anbicTaH sea TeHi3
6ackapaTbiH seasons Xbin Mep3imAaepi
Kypan, nynst second cexyHa,
to repair *eHaey secret Kynus
request OTiHiWw secretary XaTlbl
to research 3eprTey section Genim
researcher fanbiM, to see Kepy
3epTTeyLi seldom cupek
residential area TYPFbIH yAnep to send %i6epy
ayAaHbl separate 6enek
to rest TbIHbIFY to set a table ycren xacay
restaurant MEeWMaHXaHa, to sew Tiry
MenpamxaHa to shave KbIpbIHY
result HaTUXE sheep KoM
resume pesiome sheet napag
retired 3elHeTTe shepherd Manubl
shirt wenpe soldier ynaH, conpar

to shiver KanTbipay to solve wewy
shoes anK Knim some Gipa3
shop AYKeH something 6ip Hapce
to shop AYKeH apanay, sometimes Kehge, aHga-
cayna xacay caHga
shopping centre caypa opranbifbl sore throat, TaMak aybIpy
short KbiCKa to have a
to shout ankaunay sound AbIGbLIC, YH
to show Kepcety sour KbiLWKbIN
side wak southern OHTYCTIK
silk Kibek Soviet Union Kenec Oparbl
silver KyMic space fapbiw, OpbIH
simple Kapananbim Spanish ucnaHabIK
since Oepi spare time 60cC yaKbIT
to sing 9H anTy to speak ceuney
singer OHLWI special epexuwe
sister anke to spill Tery, verin any
to sit oTbIpY to splash wauwy, wato
site caunTt spoon KacblK
situation warnamn spot AaK
size enwem (pasmep) spouse wyban
to skate KOHbKW Teby spring KOKTEM
to ski WaHFbl Teby square anaq
skirt wbka stadium CTaguoH
sky acnad star Hynabi3
to sleep yMbIKTay to start Gacray
sleeve XeH state wrar
slice Tinim station 6eker
slim apblk, statue ecKepTKiw
Tangbipmaiu to stay Kany, ToKray
slowly Gany steam 6y
small KilUKeHTaW, WarblH to steam 6ynay, 6yra nicipy
smell nic stick TanK
to smell vic ceay, wic Wby still ani
to smoke WbINbLIM wWery stomach iw
to sneeze TYWKipy stone Tac
snow Kap to stop ToKTay
to snow Kap xayy straight TY3y
snowy Kapnsl stranger B6enTanbIc
sofa AWBaH street Kewe
soft WyMcak strict Karan
string 6ay teacher MyFanim

strong MbIKTbI teapot WINAHEK
study oKy teaspoon wWan Kacblk
stupid Kelle, Tonac television Tenegunap
to subscribe Wasbiny to tell anty
successful coTTi tennis TeHHUC
sugar KaHT to thank anfbIC anuTy
suit KOCTIOM that aHay
sum coma theatre TearTp
summer was3 there aHga, aHe
sun KYH thief ¥pbi
Sunday weKkceHbGi to think onnay
sunshine cayne to be thirsty wenpey
to supply KaMTamachbi3 thousand MbiH
ery three yw
sweater cauTep to throw Tacray
sweet TaTTi Thursday cenceHbi
to swim Wy3y, MmanTtay ticket ouner
swimming pool 6accenud time YyaKbIT
switch on/off Kocyl/ewipy to be tired wapiiay
Switzerland Wsenuapun today éyrin
toilet AsperxaHa
T tomato Kbi3aHaK
table ycren tomorrow epreH
tablespoon ac KacblK tonight OyriH Kewke
to take any, anapy tooth Tic
to take a bus aBToByCcKa MiHy toothache Tic Kakcay
to take a picture cypetke Tycipy top T06e
to take a shower aywka Tycy towel cynri
to take one’s time acbixnay tower MyHapa
talented AapbiHAabl town Kana
to talk cennecy tradition AsCcTYp
tall Y3blH 60AnbI traditional ascTypni
Tashkent TawkeHT traffic jam KenTenic
to taste AdM TaTy, xen train NonbLI3
Kepy tram TpamBaw
tasty Asmai to translate ayaapy
tax canbiK translator/ ayaapmawbl
taxi TaKcu interpreter
tea wan transport Kenik
to teach cabak Gepy, traveller wonayubl
ynperty tree araw
trip canap villagers aybingbiKrap

trousers wan6ap vinegar cipke cybl
true pac, wbiH to visit Oapbin WbIFy,
trust CeHim KOHaKKa Sapy
to try ThIPbICY vitamin BUTaMUH
to try on Kmin xepy (napymeH)
Turkey Typkuna
Turkish TYPiK w
Turkmen TYpikMeH waist G6en
to turn Gypy to wait KYTYy
to turn on KOCY, Xary waiter/waitress AanWbl
type TYP waiting room KYTY 3anbl
to walk xypy
U wall Kabbipra
uncle ara walnut TYWe XaHfak
under acThl war COfbIC
underground Kep acTbl wardrobe KWiM canaTtblH
unfortunately OKiHiwke wkan
opaw warm Wbinbl
unhappy OaKbITChI3, to warm up WbINbITY
KeHincis to warn eckepTy
uninformed 6enxabap to wash xyy
universal ambeban to wash the bIALIC KYyY
university yHuBepcuTer dishes
urgent TbifbI3 washing Kip WyaTbiH
to use KonpaHy machine MallnHe
user KonAaHyWbl watch carart
usually apeTTe to watch Kapay, kepy
we 6i3
Vv weak ancia
value added tax KOCbINFaH KyH weapon Kapy
(VAT) canbifbl to wear KUI0, Tary
various apTypni weather aya-pavbl
vegetable ecimaik, Wednesday capceHb6i
KeKeHicTep week anTa
velvet 6apKbIT, nyniw weekdays anTta Kynaepi
version HycKa weight canmak
very eTe welcome KowW Kenginia
video player Bsuaeo well WaKchbl,
OWHATKbIW Kakcbinan,
view KepiHic KyAbIK (noun)
village ayebin west 6arbic
what He worker WYMbICWbI

when KawaH workplace MYMbIC OPHbI
where xanga world anem, AyHue
which Kan to worry yanbimaay
white ak to write wasy
who KiM writer Wasywbl
why Here
widow Tan Y
to win weHy, yTy (lottery) yard ayna
wind wen year Kbin
windy xengi yeast AWLITKLI
wine wapan yellow capsl
wing KaHaTt yes nwa
winter KbiC yesterday Kewe
woman anen you ceH
word ce3 young wac
work MYMbIC younger brother ini
to work WYMbIC icTey youth »acrap
Index
ablative endings 25-7, 38 dastarkhan 119, 132

accusative endings 144-7 dates 87-8
adjectives from nouns 162-3 dative endings 70, 77-8
adjectives from verbs 181-2, demonstrative pronouns 35-7
194-5 directions 82-4, 89
adverbs of manner 149-51 direct objects 143-7
adverbs of time 57 dislike (to) 128-9, 186-8
adverbs of frequency 57 distant past tense 177-9, 218
age 47-8 doctors 203-6, 220
agglutination 1, 4-7
air travel 105-7 electronics 208-10
alphabet 1-2
also 24-5 flight information 105-8
and 119 food 119, 122-4, 126-7,
appearances 214-16 129
future tense 55-7, 73
bad at 70-1
balbals 201 genitive endings 42
bazaar 122-3 good at 70-1
be (to) 27 greetings 9-13
blessings 127-8 guests 130-3
body parts 213-14
‘if-then’ statements 196-7
can and cannot 134-6, 141 illness 207~8, 220
cardinal numbers 37-8 imperatives 80-1, 125-7
city travel 171-4 injuries 206-7
clothes 159-60, 159-62, instructions 80-2
168-9 instrumental endings 66
comparisons 163-5 intentional future tense
conditionals 196-7 156-8
consonant assimilation 6-7 intentions 124-5
continuous tense 108-12, interjections 71
113-14, 116 introductions 55
308 Index
languages 62-3 possessive endings 34-5, 42-5,

let us 119-20, 129 52
like (to) 128-9, 186-8 possibility 200-1
location words 77-8 prepositions of place 101-3
locative endings 47-8 present tense 55-7, 73
progressive tense 108-12,
map 28 113-14, 116
marriage 21 prohibition 99
medical visits 203-6, 220 purpose of an action 86-7
months 49
motion verbs 112-13 quantities 37-8, 123
question particles 64-5
nationalities 20-1 question words 20
necessity 93-5
negative verbs 60-1 reasoning 218
negative words 17-18, 51 recent past tense 174-7
news 211-13 recipes 142-3, 146, 151-3, 154
Nowruz 117-19 reflexive pronouns 30
numbers 37-8, 87-8 reflexive verbs 58-9
nutrition 218-20 relationships 9-13, 41, 47,
216-17
obligation 93-5 relatives 41, 47
office items 31-3 reported speech 210-13
ongoing actions and events reservations 90-3
108-12, 113-14, 116
ongoing movement 112-13 shopping 155-6, 159-62,
opinion 198 169-70
ordering food and drink 137 sightseeing 171-4
ordinal numbers 87-8 simple conditional 72
origin 27-8 since 182-4
smell 149
passive voice 166-8 social media 61-5, 216-17
past tense 174-7, 177-9, 218 sounds 1-4
permission 97-8 surprise and wonder 200-1
personal endings 14-16, 22
personal pronouns 14 taste 148-9
petroglyphs 199 television 208
physical description 214-16 there is 51
physical position 99-101 time 49-50
plan {to) 155-9 tér 131-2
plural nouns 33-4 transport 65-8, 76-7
polite request 125-7 tribes 29-31
Index 309
uncertainty 200-1 want (to) 138-41

until 182-4 weather 114-16
weekdays 48
village life 195-6 when 182-4
visits 130-2
vowel harmony 5-6 yes/no questions 18-19, 21-2, 64-5
C O L I3 O Q U A L
AZAKH
COLLOQUIAEKAZAKK; providesa step-by-step course in Kazakh as it is
written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with:a thorough
treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed
to communicate confidently and effectively in Kazakh in a broad range of
situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required.
Key features include:
. progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills

¢ structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar
+ an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises
= realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios
+ useful vocabulary lists throughout the text
= an overview of the sounds and alphabet of Kazakh
-+ additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full
answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations
of dialogues.
| Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, COLLOQUIAL KAZAKH will be an

indispensable resource both for independent learners and for students taking
-‘COUI"SES in Kazakh.
Thls Wrsxon of the. paperback also contains two CDs of audio material,
'prowdfqg the complete G@LL@QU!AL KAZAKH course: Recorded by native
p d!?we audio material complements the, book and will help enhance
Wmng and speaking skills. " ‘
u ; Free addmonal‘ audno is avadable t;odawnload from the product page at

Mww.giiftledee com/ books/ Getalls/ 978041 5674287 ‘
Ccv&phot‘agnéh: © 72004 Richard Radford / Getty Imagés
ISBN 978-0-415-67429-4
aa Routledge
'!hylor &Francis Group
WWW. mufledge com
041 5‘ 674294
an informa business

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MASTER THE EVERYDAY

& UP-TO-DATE CULTURAL ®;

Colloquial Kazakh provides a step-by-step course in Kazakh as it is

* progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills

Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Kazakh will be

The following languages are available in the Colloquial series:

Afrikaans Greek Romanian

COLLOQUIAL 2s series: The Next Step in Language Learning

Chinese German Russian

ISBN: 978-0-415-67428-7 (pbk)

The sounds of Kazakh

In this unit you will learn how to:

2 Cia xanpaH 6onacbI3? 23

In this unit you will learn how to:

3 CiagiH oT6acbiHbI3 ynkeH 6e? 39

In this unit you will learn how to:

4 WrtanuapaHmbiH, 6ipak ka3ip Anmartbiga TypamMbiH 53

In this unit you will learn how to:

5 CanapbiHbI3 caTTi 60nCbIH! 74

Iin this unit you will learn how to:

In this unit you will learn how to:

7 Anmarbina %aHbbIp xaybin Typ 105

In this unit you will learn how to:

8 HaypbI3 KyTTbl 60ncbiH! 117

In this unit you will learn how to:

Bisgin yire KoHakka KeniHis 130

In this unit you will learn how to:

10 Kasip asip 142

In this unit you will learn how to:

11 Bbyn meHiH enwemiMm emec 155

In this unit you will learn how to:

12 bi3 TypfaH Kana 171

In this unit you will learn how to:

13 Bapnbifbl e3rewe 6onaTbiH 189

In this unit you will learn how to:

14 Aybipbin Kanabim 203

In this unit you will learn how to:

Grammar summary 221

Like the other languages of the Turkic family, Kazakh is an agglutina-

recordings should be of great benefit as well, because no matter how

Kazakh alphabet cp1; 2) N

Aa (a] ana, ata, aHa father

Cyrillic Pronunciation Kazakh examples English equivalent

33 [2] 3amaH, 3aH, 3aT zoo

¥y [o] ¥, ¥H, yw '

Tips on pronouncing Kazakh sounds (CD 1; 3) m

To make this sound, produce the English ‘k’-sound while touching

To make this sound, produce the English ‘g’-sound while touching

To make this sound, produce the English ‘0’-sound while positioning

This sound appears only in Russian loanwords. It resembles the

To make this sound, produce the English ‘i’-sound while positioning

The hard sign b

The soft sign b

1 Whether the word ends on a vowel or a consonant.

In Kazakh, the adding of endings (or agglutination) is driven by two

1 Vowel harmony: the process by which the last vowel of a word

2 Consonant assimilation: the process by which the last consonant of

Vowel harmony and consonant assimilation operate not only within

Vowel harmony plays a crucial role in creating Kazakh words and

Back vowels a,o,VYYbl,L3

The other sound process that plays an important role in creating

Unvoiced consonants K, K, N, C, T, ¢h, X, 4, 4, W,