01 PSYC30125

Psychological
Assement
02

Do I want to be a
Psychologist?
Do you like to help
others in need?

Can you listen to other

people talking for a
long time?
02

Do you like to advise

others when they need
it?
 Do you think you can easily
read a person's mind just by
looking at their eating
habits?
 Do you feel comfortable around
psychologically unstable people? (i.e.,
people suffering from depression,
anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, post-
traumatic stress disorder, etc.)
Can you keep information
100% confidential?
Do you feel you could work
with the same patient for
extended periods?
Are you a patient?
Do you get easily frustrated
when people can't change
problematic behavior?
Do you feel that psychology is
the right path for you?
What is your result?
Basic
Concept
Assessment
vs
Evaluation
vs
Testing
Assessment, evaluation, and testing are often used
interchangeably, but they have different meanings
and purposes. Here are their definitions:

Assessment Evaluation Testing

refers to the process of
gathering and analyzing
information or data about
someone or something. It
involves a systematic
approach to collecting data,
interpreting results, and
making decisions based on
those results. Assessment
can be formative or
summative and can be used
for a variety of purposes,
such as identifying strengths
and weaknesses, measuring
progress, or making
decisions about future
actions..
is the process of making
judgments about the quality,
value, or effectiveness of
someone or something
based on predetermined
criteria. It involves a
systematic and objective
approach to measuring
performance or outcomes
against established
standards or expectations.
Evaluation can be used to
identify strengths and
weaknesses, improve
performance, or make
decisions about resource
allocation.
refers to the process of
measuring a specific skill or
knowledge in a particular
subject area. It involves
administering a
standardized test or
assessment instrument to a
group or individual and
interpreting the results.
Testing can be used for a
variety of purposes, such as
determining eligibility,
measuring proficiency, or
evaluating learning
outcomes.
Psychological assessment, psychological evaluation, and psychological
testing are terms used in the field of psychology to refer to different
aspects of the process of gathering and interpreting information about
a person's psychological functioning. While these terms are sometimes
used interchangeably, they can have slightly different meanings.
Psychological Assessment Psychological Evaluation Psychologocal Testing
a broad term that refers to the is a more focused term that is a specific type of
collection and interpretation of typically refers to the use of psychological assessment
information about a person's psychological assessment that involves the use of
psychological functioning, techniques to answer specific standardized tests to
including their thoughts, feelings, questions or concerns. It often measure various aspects of
behaviors, and personality traits. involves a more comprehensive a person's psychological
It involves a variety of methods, evaluation of a person's mental functioning, such as
including interviews, health, such as determining the intelligence, personality, and
questionnaires, observations, and presence or severity of a emotional functioning. These
psychological tests, to gather psychological disorder. tests are typically
information about the person's administered and scored in a
psychological strengths and standardized manner,
weaknesses. allowing for comparisons to
be made between
individuals.
Test Yourself
A therapist asks a client to
complete a self-report
questionnaire to gather
information about their
symptoms and mental
health history.
Psychological Assessment
 A school psychologist
administers a
standardized achievement
test to assess a student's
academic skills and
progress.
Psychological Testing
 A company hires a
consultant to evaluate its
employee training
program and assess its
effectiveness.
Psychological Evaluation
A researcher conducts a
study to investigate the
relationship between
personality traits and job
performance.
Psychological Assessment
 A clinician uses a
structured clinical
interview to diagnose a
patient with a mental
disorder.
Psychological Assessment
07

Psychological
Association of
the Philippines
Code of Ethics
The Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP)
has a Code of Ethics that serves as a guide for
psychologists in their professional practice. The Code of
Ethics of the PAP was last revised in 2018 and is based
on the General Principles of the American Psychological
Association's (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists
and Code of Conduct.
The Code of Ethics of the PAP consists of ten general
principles that guide the professional conduct of
psychologists. These principles are as follows:
1. Respect for People's Rights and Dignity -
Psychologists must respect the rights and dignity of
all individuals, including clients, research
participants, and colleagues.
2. Professional Competence - Psychologists must
maintain high standards of professional competence
in their areas of practice.
3. Integrity - Psychologists must be honest, truthful,
and accurate in their professional activities.
4. Responsibility - Psychologists must take
responsibility for their actions and the consequences
of those actions.
5. Confidentiality - Psychologists must maintain the
confidentiality of information obtained during their
professional activities.
1. Professional and Scientific Responsibility -
Psychologists must uphold the highest standards of
professional and scientific responsibility in their
work.
2. Respect for People's Welfare and Safety -
Psychologists must take steps to ensure the welfare
and safety of the people they work with.
3. Social Responsibility - Psychologists must
contribute to the welfare of society by applying their
knowledge and skills.
4. Respect for Diversity - Psychologists must respect
the diversity of individuals and groups, including
cultural, ethnic, and other differences.
5. Ethical Responsibility - Psychologists must adhere
to the ethical standards of the profession and report
unethical behavior.
The PAP Code of Ethics also includes specific
guidelines for various areas of psychological practice,
such as assessment, research, teaching, and
consulting. The Code of Ethics emphasizes the
importance of informed consent, confidentiality, and
the use of appropriate assessment and intervention
techniques.
PAP Code of Ethics

VII. Assessment
 A. Bases for Assessment

1. The expert opinions that we provide through our recommendations,

reports, and diagnostic or evaluative statements are based on substantial
information and appropriate assessment techniques.

2. We provide expert opinions regarding the psychological characteristics

of a person only after employing adequate assessment procedures and
examination to support our conclusions and recommendations.

3. In instances where we are asked to provide opinions about an individual

without conducting an examination on the basis of review of existing test
results and reports, we discuss the limitations of our opinions and the
basis of our conclusions and recommendations.

4. Test results obtained from teleassessment procedures can be used as

basis for making decisions about clients or test takers as long as these are
administered by qualified professionals, following prescribed assessment
standards.
B. Informed Consent in Assessment

1. We gather informed consent prior to the assessment of our clients except

for the following instances:
a. when it is mandated by the law
b. when it is implied such as in routine educational, institutional and
organizational activity
c. when the purpose of the assessment is to determine the individual’s
decisional capacity.

2. We educate our clients about the nature of our services, financial

arrangements, potential risks, and limits of confidentiality. In instances where
our clients are not competent to provide informed consent on assessment, we
discuss these matters with immediate family members or legal guardians. (See
also III-J, Informed Consent in Human Relations)

3. In instances where a third party interpreter is needed, the confidentiality of

test results and the security of the tests must be ensured. The limitations of
the obtained data are discussed in our results, conclusions, and
recommendations.

4. In teleassessment, we inform test takers of the implications of poor internet

connectivity during the test-taking session on their test performance,
particularly for timed assessments.
 C. Assessment Tools

1. We judiciously select and administer only those tests which are

pertinent to the reasons for referral and purpose of the assessment.

2. We use data collection, methods and procedures that are consistent

with current scientific and professional developments.

3. We use tests that are standardized, valid, reliable, and has a

normative data directly referable to the population of our clients.

4. We administer assessment tools that are appropriate to the

language, competence and other relevant characteristics of our client.
5. We use only original copies of test materials (not photocopies).
 D. Obsolete and Outdated Test
Results
1. We do not base our interpretations, conclusions, and
recommendations on outdated test results.

2. We do not provide interpretations, conclusions, and

recommendations on the basis of obsolete tests.
 E. Interpreteing Assessment
Results

1. In fairness to our clients, under no circumstances should we report

the test results without taking into consideration the validity, reliability,
and appropriateness of the test. We should therefore indicate our
reservations regarding the interpretations.

2. We interpret assessment results while considering the purpose of

the assessment and other factors such as the client’s test taking
abilities, gender, characteristics, situational, personal, and cultural
differences.
 F. Release of Test Results

1. It is our responsibility to ensure that test results and interpretations

are not used by persons other than those explicitly agreed upon by the
referral sources prior to the assessment procedure.

2. We do not release test data in the forms of raw and scaled scores,
client’s responses to test questions or stimuli, and notes regarding the
client’s statements and behaviors during the examination unless
regulated by the court.
 G. Explaining Assessment Result

1. We release test results only to the sources of referral and with a

written permission from the client if it is a self-referral.

2. Where test results have to be communicated to relatives, parents, or

teachers, we explain them through a non-technical language.

3. We explain findings and test results to our clients or designated

representatives except when the relationship precludes the provision of
explanation of results and it is explained in advanced to the client.

4. When test results needs to be shared with schools, social agencies,

the courts or industry, we supervise such releases.

5. When explaining test results online, clients may request from the
psychologist or psychometrician if the session can be recorded.
 H. Test Security

The administration and handling of all test materials (manuals, keys to

correction, answer sheets, reusable booklets, tests administered online,
etc.) shall be handled only by qualified/licensed users or personnel.
 I. Assessment by Unqualified
Persons

1. We do not promote the use of assessment tools and methods by

unqualified persons except for training purposes with adequate
supervision.

2. We ensure that test protocols, their interpretations and all other

records are kept secured from unqualified persons.

3. As psychometricians, we practice under the boundaries prescribed in

RA10029. We operate under the supervision of a registered
psychologist, when applicable.
 J. Test Construction

We develop tests and other assessment tools using current scientific

findings and knowledge, appropriate psychometric properties,
validation, and standardization procedures.
Thank you!
Quiz Time!
1. A neuropsychologist administers a battery of
tests to assess a patient's cognitive functioning
and identify potential brain damage or
dysfunction.
2. A counselor uses a behavioral observation to
assess a client's social skills and
communication abilities.
3. A forensic psychologist evaluates a defendant's
competency to stand trial.
4. A teacher administers an informal reading
assessment to determine a student's reading
level and identify areas for improvement.
5. A researcher conducts a study to test the
effectiveness of a new therapy for treating
anxiety disorders.
A psychologist is conducting a psychological assessment
on a child. Which of the following is NOT an ethical
guideline that the psychologist should follow?

a. Obtain informed consent from the child's parent or

guardian

b. Use assessment tools that are appropriate for the

child's age and developmental level

c. Share the results of the assessment with the child's

school and other professionals without the parent's
permission

d. Take steps to ensure the confidentiality of the child's

assessment results

A psychologist is administering a standardized test to a

client. Which of the following is an ethical guideline that
the psychologist should follow?

a. Use assessment tools that are not culturally biased

b. Release the assessment results to anyone who requests

them

c. Provide feedback to the client immediately after the

assessment

d. Administer the assessment in a noisy and distracting

environment

A psychologist is conducting a forensic evaluation on a

defendant. Which of the following is an ethical guideline
that the psychologist should follow?

a. Make a definitive diagnosis of the defendant's mental

disorder

b. Base the evaluation solely on information provided by

the defendant

c. Withhold information from the court if it may be

harmful to the defendant

d. Use multiple sources of information to gather data

about the defendant

A psychologist is conducting a personality assessment on

a client. Which of the following is an ethical guideline that
the psychologist should follow?

a. Use assessment tools that have not been validated for

use with the client's population

b. Interpret the assessment results without considering

the client's cultural background

c. Use assessment tools that measure multiple aspects of

the client's personality

d. Provide a diagnosis of a mental disorder based solely

on the assessment results

A psychologist is conducting a neuropsychological

assessment on a patient. Which of the following is an
ethical guideline that the psychologist should follow?

a. Obtain informed consent from the patient or the

patient's legal representative

b. Use assessment tools that are not appropriate for the

patient's age and cognitive level

c. Administer the assessment in a busy and crowded

hospital environment

d. Disclose the results of the assessment to anyone who

requests them

ANSWER KEY
1. Psychological Testing
2. Psychological Assessment
3. Psychological Evaluation
4. Psychological Assessment
5. Psychological Assessment
6. c
7. a
8. d
9. c
10. a