SSP-SP-SPE-06000601 Process & Mechanical Plant (General)

STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS
SECTION 601 – PROCESS AND MECHANICAL PLANT
(GENERAL)
Copyright © Scottish Water
Document Title: Section 601 – Process and Mechanical Plant (General)

Document Reference: SSP-SP-SPE-06000601
Version: 5.0 Date: May 13
Approved By: Asset Management Director
STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Ref: SSP-SP-SPE-06000601
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Version: 5.0
PROCESS AND MECHANICAL PLANT (GENERAL) Date: May 13
Record of Changes and Amendments
Document
Document Document
Amendment Amendment Section/Clause
Section/Clause Brief Summary of Change Version
Number Date Reference
Header Number
Number
New sub-clause added to show
Lubrication and
1 Jan 10 601.3 examples of labelling required for 4.1
Greasing
food grade lubricated equipment
Specification rewritten to align to
Archimedian Screw
2 May 10 601.6.5 modern manufacturing and 4.2
Pumps
installation practices
Terminology standardised and
Specification revised to clarify
Safety Showers and
3 Feb 11 601.23 requirements. Additional guidance 4.3
Eyewash Stations
document also available in Section
800 ref SSP-SP-GUI-08006011
Polythene column deleted.
Piping Material Polyethylene added as an option
4 Feb 11 601.8.9 4.3
Selection for Sewage (error corrected in
table)
Flow Velocities section moved

5 Apr 10 601.7.3 Flow Velocities 4.3
from SPE 202.11
Pressure Systems section moved

6 Apr 10 601.12.1 General 4.3
from SPE 202.12
Electrical Heating section moved

7 Apr 10 601.11 Electrical Heating 4.3
to SPE 202.11
Requirement for Declaration of

8 May 13 601.1 general Conformity and CE marking 5.0
specified.
Food Grade
9 May 13 601.3.1 Clarification of labelling added 5.0
Lubrication Labelling
10 May 13 601.5 Guarding of Plant Additional regulations included 5.0
11 May 13 601.6.1 General (Pumps) New WIMES added 5.0
Wastewater Pump Diaphragm pumps removed as an

12 May 13 601.6.2 5.0
Selection Guide option for grit pumping
IP ratings included for submersible

13 May 13 601.6.4 Drywell Pumps 5.0
and immersible pumpsets
Minimum working height for valve

14 May 13 601.7.2 Headstocks 5.0
keys added
15 May 13 601.7.22.2 Stoplogs Lifting requirements clarified 5.0
Sheet i
Document
Document Document
Amendment Amendment Section/Clause
Section/Clause Brief Summary of Change Version
Number Date Reference
Header Number
Number
Requirement for compatible

16 May 13 601.8.3 Pipework Fittings 5.0
materials added
Requirement for acid/alkali hazard

17 May 13 601.9 Pipework marking 5.0
markings added
Requirement for means of

18 May 13 601.12.9 Surge vessel 5.0
charging vessel added
Diaphragm type Requirement for means of

19 May 13 601.12.10 5.0
vessel charging vessel added
General
20 May 13 601.19.1 Requirements Clause re-arranged for clarification 5.0
(Lifting Equipment)
Clause and sub-clauses re-named
Portable Lifting
21 May 13 601.19.9 and rewritten to reflect current 5.0
Equipment
Scottish Water practice
Reference to mandatory Scottish
Submersible Plant
22 May 13 601.20.1 Water Framework for Lifting 5.0
Lifting Accessories
Chains added.
Sheet ii
FOREWORD
Purpose
The Scottish Water Standards and Specifications suite of documents describes the minimum
standards to be achieved by those engaged in the Design and Construction of Scottish Water
assets.
Scope
The Scottish Water Standards and Specifications shall apply to all new assets and to all existing
assets undergoing refurbishment or expansion.
Responsibility
The responsibility for ensuring compliance with the Scottish Water Standards and Specifications
shall lie with Designers and Contractors. Scottish Water reserve the right to inspect all assets
included in the Capital Investment Programme at any time to ensure compliance with the
Standards and Specifications is being achieved.
References
The Scottish Water Standards and Specifications make numerous references to external
documentation (e.g. British Standards) which are deemed to form part of the Standards &
Specifications. It shall be the responsibility of the Designers and Contractors to obtain copies of all
referenced external documentation where this is necessary to ensure compliance with the
Standards and Specifications.
Record of Changes and Amendments
This document is a CONTROLLED DOCUMENT when viewed on Wavelength.
The document becomes UNCONTROLLED if printed or downloaded from Wavelength.
Note: - Refer to the Wavelength site for the latest Revision of this document.
The amendment procedure for the Scottish Water Standards and Specifications is described in the
‘Document Utilisation and Control’ document (Doc. Ref. TOM-WR-PRC-00000002).
A record of all change, waiver and query requests for the Scottish Water Standards and
Specifications is held electronically in the Scottish Water Document Management System i.e.
Documentum. All approved Change Requests are also summarised in the front of each document.
Implementation of Change
Scottish Water reserve the right to implement change at any time during the Capital Investment
Programme. Such changes may be required through a change in external Legislation or internal
Policy or Strategic Direction. The procedure for implementing such change is described in the
‘Document Utilisation and Control’ document (Doc. Ref. TOM-WR-PRC-00000002).
Page iii
CONTENTS
FOREWORD …………………………………………………………………………….…….…...I
CONTENTS. ...………………………………………………..…...……………………………....II
COPYRIGHT © SCOTTISH WATER ................................................................................................................ 1
601.1 GENERAL.......................................................................................................................................... 1
601.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT ........................................................................................................... 1
601.3 LUBRICATION AND GREASING ..................................................................................................... 1
601.3.1 FOOD GRADE LUBRICATION LABELLING ......................................................................................... 2
601.4 ACCESS ............................................................................................................................................ 2
601.5 GUARDING OF PLANT..................................................................................................................... 2
601.6 PUMPS............................................................................................................................................... 2
601.6.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................... 2

601.6.2 WASTEWATER PUMP SELECTION GUIDE ........................................................................................ 3
601.6.3 FLOW VELOCITIES ........................................................................................................................ 4
601.6.4 DRYWELL PUMPS ......................................................................................................................... 5
601.6.5 METERING AND DOSING PUMPS .................................................................................................... 5
General................................................................................................................................... 5
601.6.5.1 5
601.6.5.2 Connections and Accessories................................................................................................ 5
601.6.5.3 Testing.................................................................................................................................... 5
601.6.6 ARCHIMEDEAN SCREW PUMPS ...................................................................................................... 6
601.7 VALVES AND PENSTOCKS............................................................................................................. 8
601.7.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................... 8

601.7.2 HEADSTOCKS ............................................................................................................................... 9
601.7.3 HANDWHEELS, CRANK HANDLES OR T- KEYS ................................................................................. 9
601.7.4 ACTUATORS ............................................................................................................................... 10
601.7.5 PNEUMATIC ACTUATORS ............................................................................................................. 10
601.7.6 GATE VALVES ............................................................................................................................ 10
601.7.7 KNIFE GATE VALVES ................................................................................................................... 11
601.7.8 NON-RETURN VALVES ................................................................................................................. 11
601.7.8.1 Swing Check Non-Return Valves......................................................................................... 11
601.7.8.2 Multi- Flap and Split Disc Non-Return Valves...................................................................... 11
601.7.8.3 Recoil Non-Return Valves.................................................................................................... 12
601.7.8.4 Lift Pattern Non-Return Valves ............................................................................................ 12
Page iv
601.7.8.5 Cast Iron Flap Non-Return Valves ....................................................................................... 12

601.7.8.6 Plastic Flap Non-Return Valves ........................................................................................... 12
601.7.8.7 Duckbill Check Non-Return Valves ...................................................................................... 12
601.7.8.8 Nozzle Check Non-Return Valves........................................................................................ 12
601.7.9 BUTTERFLY VALVES.................................................................................................................... 13
601.7.10 BALL VALVES ............................................................................................................................. 13
601.7.11 PRESSURE REDUCING AND PRESSURE SUSTAINING VALVES......................................................... 13
601.7.12 AIR RELEASE VALVES ................................................................................................................. 14
601.7.12.1 General................................................................................................................................. 14
601.7.12.2 Valve Selection..................................................................................................................... 15
601.7.12.3 Double Orifice Valve Specification ....................................................................................... 15
601.7.12.4 Single Small Orifice Valve Specification .............................................................................. 15
601.7.12.5 Single Large Orifice Valves Specification ............................................................................ 15
601.7.12.6 Double Orifice Triple Function Valves Specification ............................................................ 16
601.7.12.7 Separate Float Chamber Specification ................................................................................ 16
601.7.13 VACUUM RELIEF VALVES ............................................................................................................ 16
601.7.14 PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES ......................................................................................................... 16
601.7.15 AUTOMATIC DRAIN VALVES (AIR SERVICE PIPEWORK).................................................................. 17
601.7.16 DIAPHRAGM VALVES ................................................................................................................... 17
601.7.17 PINCH VALVES ........................................................................................................................... 17
601.7.18 PLUG VALVES............................................................................................................................. 17
601.7.19 FOOT VALVES AND STRAINERS .................................................................................................... 17
601.7.20 SOLENOID CONTROL VALVES ...................................................................................................... 18
601.7.21 PENSTOCKS ............................................................................................................................... 18
601.7.22 HANDSTOPS AND STOPLOGS ....................................................................................................... 18
601.7.22.1 Handstops ............................................................................................................................ 18
601.7.22.2 Stoplogs ............................................................................................................................... 19
601.8 PIPEWORK...................................................................................................................................... 19
601.8.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 19

601.8.2 PIPEWORK FLANGES ................................................................................................................... 19
601.8.3 PIPEWORK FITTINGS ................................................................................................................... 19
601.8.4 PIPEWORK DRAINAGE AND VENTING ............................................................................................ 19
601.8.5 FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS AND FLANGE ADAPTORS ............................................................................ 19
601.8.6 FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS AND FLANGE ADAPTERS DEFLECTION ANGLES ............................................ 19
601.8.7 THRUST BLOCKS, ANCHORS AND PIPE SUPPORTS ....................................................................... 20
601.8.8 ACCESSORY SUPPORTS.............................................................................................................. 20
PIPING ....................................................................................................................................... 21
601.8.9 MATERIAL SELECTION ................................................................................................................. 21
601.8.10 APPLICATIONS GUIDANCE ........................................................................................................... 21
601.8.10.1 Potable Water and water which may become potable......................................................... 21
601.8.10.2 Sewage ................................................................................................................................ 21
601.8.10.3 Sludge .................................................................................................................................. 21
601.8.10.4 Sampling .............................................................................................................................. 22
Page v
601.8.10.5 Air ......................................................................................................................................... 22

601.8.10.6 Instrumentation..................................................................................................................... 22
601.8.10.7 Lubricating Oil ...................................................................................................................... 22
601.8.10.8 Fuel ...................................................................................................................................... 22
601.8.10.9 Chemical Dosing .................................................................................................................. 22
601.8.11 PIPEWORK MATERIALS GUIDANCE ............................................................................................... 22
601.8.11.1 Ductile Iron ........................................................................................................................... 22
601.8.11.2 Mild Steel Pipework.............................................................................................................. 22
601.8.11.3 Galvanised Steel .................................................................................................................. 23
601.8.11.4 Stainless Steel...................................................................................................................... 23
601.8.11.5 Coated Steel......................................................................................................................... 23
601.8.11.6 uPVC .................................................................................................................................... 23
601.8.11.7 Polyethylene......................................................................................................................... 23
601.8.11.8 Polythene ............................................................................................................................. 23
601.8.11.9 ABS ...................................................................................................................................... 23
601.8.11.10 Copper.................................................................................................................................. 23
601.8.11.11 Copper (PVC sheathed)....................................................................................................... 23
601.8.12 HAZARDOUS AREA PIPEWORK ..................................................................................................... 23
601.9 PIPEWORK MARKING ................................................................................................................... 24
601.9.1 USE OF IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM ................................................................................................ 24

601.9.1.1 Table of Primary Fluid Colours............................................................................................. 25
601.9.1.2 Table Of Auxiliary Fluid Colours........................................................................................... 25
601.9.1.3 Banding and Flow Direction Examples ................................................................................ 26
601.10 INSULATION ................................................................................................................................... 27
601.10.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 27

601.10.2 MECHANICAL PROTECTION.......................................................................................................... 27
601.10.3 HOT PIPES - IMPERMEABLE CLASS 'O' FINISHES - INTERNAL ......................................................... 27
601.10.4 HOT PIPES - STUCCO ALUMINIUM FINISH - INTERNAL .................................................................... 27
601.10.5 HOT PIPES - POLYISOBUTYLENE FINISH - EXTERNAL .................................................................... 27
601.10.6 COLD PIPES - CLASS 'O' FINISH .................................................................................................. 28
601.10.7 COLD PIPES - STUCCO ALUMINIUM FINISH ................................................................................... 28
601.10.8 COLD PIPES - POLYISOBUTYLENE FINISH - EXTERNAL .................................................................. 28
601.11 TESTING AT MANUFACTURER’S WORKS AND ON SITE ......................................................... 28
601.12 TANKS, VESSELS AND RECEIVERS ........................................................................................... 28
601.12.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 28

601.12.2 GLASS COATED STEEL TANKS .................................................................................................... 30
601.12.2.1 General................................................................................................................................. 30
601.12.2.2 Tank Base ............................................................................................................................ 30
601.12.2.3 Attachment of Walls to Base ................................................................................................ 30
601.12.2.4 Protective Coating ................................................................................................................ 30
601.12.2.5 Glass Coatings ..................................................................................................................... 30
601.12.2.6 Epoxy Powder Coatings....................................................................................................... 31
601.12.2.7 Epoxy Liquid Coatings (Paint).............................................................................................. 31
601.12.2.8 Sealant ................................................................................................................................. 31
601.12.2.9 Bolted Joints......................................................................................................................... 31
601.12.3 ROOF DESIGN ............................................................................................................................ 31
Page vi
601.12.3.1 General................................................................................................................................. 31
601.12.3.2 Roof Loads ........................................................................................................................... 32
601.12.3.3 GRP Material........................................................................................................................ 32
601.12.4 TESTING .................................................................................................................................... 33
601.12.4.1 Testing of Glass Coating (Continuity) .................................................................................. 33
601.12.4.2 Measurement Coating Thickness......................................................................................... 33
601.12.4.3 Hydrostatic Testing .............................................................................................................. 33
601.12.5 PROTECTION DURING TRANSIT AND STORAGE ............................................................................. 33
601.12.6 STAINLESS STEEL STORAGE TANKS ............................................................................................ 34
601.12.7 REINFORCED PLASTIC TANKS...................................................................................................... 34
601.12.8 BULK FUEL STORAGE TANKS (> THAN 5M3).................................................................................. 34
601.12.9 SURGE VESSEL .......................................................................................................................... 35
601.12.10 DIAPHRAGM TYPE VESSEL .......................................................................................................... 36
601.12.11 AIR RECEIVERS .......................................................................................................................... 36
601.12.12 SILOS ........................................................................................................................................ 36
601.13 STATIC MIXER ................................................................................................................................ 37
601.13.1 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................ 38

601.13.2 TESTING .................................................................................................................................... 38
601.14 SUBMERSIBLE PROPELLER MIXERS ......................................................................................... 38
601.14.1 PROPELLER................................................................................................................................ 38
601.14.2 MECHANICAL SEALS ................................................................................................................... 38
601.14.3 MOTOR PROTECTION DEVICES .................................................................................................... 38
601.14.4 MIXER GUIDE / SUPPORT SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 38
601.14.5 LIFTING DEVICES ........................................................................................................................ 38
601.15 AGITATORS .................................................................................................................................... 39
601.15.1 AGITATOR .................................................................................................................................. 39

601.15.2 SIDE ENTRY AGITATORS ............................................................................................................. 39
601.15.3 BEARINGS AND SEAL .................................................................................................................. 40
601.15.4 GEAR ASSEMBLY ........................................................................................................................ 40
601.16 CONVEYORS AND ELEVATORS .................................................................................................. 40
601.16.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 40

601.16.2 TROUGHED BELT CONVEYORS .................................................................................................... 40
601.16.3 SCREW CONVEYORS .................................................................................................................. 41
601.16.3.1 General................................................................................................................................. 41
601.16.3.2 Screw Construction – Powder or Granular Materials........................................................... 41
601.16.3.3 Screw Construction – Damp or Fibrous Material ................................................................. 42
601.17 FANS, BLOWERS AND COMPRESSORS..................................................................................... 42
601.17.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 42

601.17.2 COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS ....................................................................................................... 42
Page vii
601.17.3 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT AIR COMPRESSORS ............................................................................. 43

601.17.4 RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSORS .......................................................................................... 43
601.17.5 ROTARY BLOWERS AND COMPRESSORS ...................................................................................... 43
601.17.5.1 Air Blowers ........................................................................................................................... 43
601.17.5.2 Sliding Vane Compressors................................................................................................... 43
601.17.5.3 Liquid Ring Compressors..................................................................................................... 44
601.17.5.4 Dynamic Air Displacement Machines .................................................................................. 44
601.18 FANS AND DUCTWORK ................................................................................................................ 45
601.18.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 45

601.18.2 CENTRIFUGAL FANS.................................................................................................................... 45
601.18.3 AXIAL AND PROPELLER FANS ...................................................................................................... 46
601.18.4 DUCTWORK ................................................................................................................................ 46
601.19 LIFTING EQUIPMENT..................................................................................................................... 52
601.19.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................... 52

601.19.2 TEST CERTIFICATION .................................................................................................................. 52
601.19.3 DESIGN CRITERIA – APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................... 52
601.19.4 PROOF LOAD TEST CERTIFICATE ................................................................................................. 52
601.19.5 STORAGE ................................................................................................................................... 52
601.19.6 OVERHEAD TRAVELLING CRANES ................................................................................................ 52
601.19.7 OVERHEAD RUNWAY BEAMS ....................................................................................................... 52
601.19.8 LIFTING BLOCKS, TROLLEYS, HOOKS, ROPES, FALL ARREST SYSTEMS ......................................... 52
601.19.9 LIFTING DAVITS AND SOCKETS .................................................................................................... 52
601.20 LIFTING ACCESSORIES ................................................................................................................ 52
601.20.1 SUBMERSIBLE PLANT LIFTING ACCESSORIES ............................................................................... 52

601.20.2 IDENTIFICATION TAGS ................................................................................................................. 52
601.20.3 CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTS ....................................................................................................... 52
601.21 EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS............................................................... 52
601.21.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 52

601.21.1.1 Additional Equipment and Monitoring .................................................................................. 53
601.21.2 EMERGENCY SHOWERS .............................................................................................................. 53
601.21.2.1 Performance......................................................................................................................... 53
601.21.2.2 Design .................................................................................................................................. 53
601.21.3 EYEWASH STATIONS ................................................................................................................... 54
601.21.3.1 Performance......................................................................................................................... 54
601.21.3.2 Design .................................................................................................................................. 54
Page viii
601.1 GENERAL
Where appropriate, this Section shall be read in conjunction with the latest issue of Water Industry
Mechanical and Electrical Specifications (WIMES) for the plant specified, including the Scottish Water
amendments as detailed in Standards and Specifications Section 605 ‘WIMES Amendments’.
Scottish Water generic requirements are recorded in Standards and Specifications Section 605 ‘WIMES
Generic Data Sheets’. Where generic data sheets are included they should be used as the starting point for
specifying relevant plant to be procured for Scottish Water assets. The Contractor shall use and further
complete these data sheets to provide the Supplier/Manufacturer with all necessary information to allow the
lowest whole life cost option to be selected for each application.
It is accepted that it may not be possible for the Supplier/Manufacturer to fully complete the WIMES Data
Sheets at the time of Tendering, however they shall be fully completed and submitted for approval along with
the design drawings, prior to commencing manufacture.
Note:- All boxes in the Data Sheets must have an entry made in them – irrelevant sections should be scored
through or marked N/A (not applicable).
Process and mechanical plant shall come with a Declaration of Conformity and be CE marked.
601.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT

All plant, instrumentation and equipment that will be included in Scottish Water’s Asset database returns as
required in the 500 series Section of the Standards and Specifications shall have identification labels
securely mechanically fixed (not glued) adjacent to the item of plant, instrumentation or equipment. Labels
should not be fitted to items of plant themselves as these may be removed or replaced during maintenance.
The positioning of the labels shall be such that they can be easily read by Operations and Maintenance
personnel, and there shall be no confusions over the identification of adjacent items of equipment.
Each identification label shall contain a unique tag number in accordance with Standards & Specifications
Section 604 ‘P&I Diagrams Graphical Representation and Plant & Tag Numbering’, and the text name as
identified on the plant schedule. The text names and tag number should be consistent throughout all
drawings, SCADA, PLCs, MCCs, Telemetry etc.
Identification labels shall be of the engraved type as follows:-
Labels for general identification purposes shall have black text on a white background.
Labels for warning, prohibition, etc, shall be coloured in accordance with BS5378.
601.3 LUBRICATION AND GREASING

All plant and equipment for potable water applications and for water that could become potable e.g. raw
water and borehole applications shall be supplied with food grade lubricants.
Where the supply of food grade lubricants is impracticable, Designers may use the methodology given in the
Standards and Specifications Guidance Document Section 302 – Water Industry 1104 Guidance (Lubricants
and Potable Water) to ascertain if suitable alternative lubrication and secondary protection systems can be
utilised. All deviations from food grade lubricants for potable water applications (and water that could become
potable) must be approved by Scottish Water through the waiver process.
All plant and equipment shall be installed in such a way as to facilitate ease of lubrication as required with
the minimum of manhours. This will be achieved through thoughtful installation of lubrication systems e.g.
automatic grease pots, and by extending grease lines to allow lubrication to be carried out with the covers in
place.
Page 1
601.3.1 Food Grade Lubrication Labelling
All plant and equipment requiring food grade lubricant shall have warning labels attached. The labels shall
include a specific reference to the food grade lubricant required, and shall be fixed as close as possible to
the lubrication point or fill point on each item of equipment such that there is no doubt about which lubricant
is required for each lubrication point.
The labels shall be manufactured from 3-ply plastic surface engraved to give black lettering on a yellow
background. The outside dimensions shall be 75mm x 75mm. The labels shall be drilled to facilitate
attachment, and attached to the equipment by chrome plated or stainless steel ball link chain and connector.
A sample label for ‘FG222’ lubricant is given below: -
On specific labels FG222 shall be replaced with the reference to the appropriate food grade lubricant.
601.4 ACCESS
Where equipment cannot be accessed from floor level an access platform / walkway / ladder / stair system
as appropriate shall be supplied and designed in accordance with BS EN ISO 14122-2.
The design of ladders and platforms shall comply with BS 5395. The maximum length of ladder between any
platform landings shall be 6m.
601.5 GUARDING OF PLANT

Effective guards shall be fitted to all revolving shafts, couplings, end carriage wheels, sprockets, etc., in
accordance with: -
• the British Standard Institute Published Document PD 5304 – Safe Use of Machinery; and
• The Supply of Machinery (Safety)(Amendment) Regulations and
• Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER).
601.6 PUMPS
601.6.1 General
Where appropriate, this Section shall be read in conjunction with the latest issue of Water Industry
Mechanical and Electrical Specifications (WIMES) for the plant specified, including the Scottish Water
amendments as detailed in Section 605 WIMES Documents and Amendments.
The default rating of flanges in the WIMES is PN16 minimum in accordance with BS EN 1092-2. Where
system pressures allow and where plant would normally be manufactured with PN10 flanges, the preferred
option shall be to avoid non-standard casings for ease of future maintenance. In such cases, PN10 flanges
Page 2
may be approved via the waiver process, and an adaptor piece supplied to allow connection of, for example,
a PN10 pump flange to PN16 flanged pipework.
The following WIMES Documents apply to pumping plant:-

• 1.01 Axially Split Casing Pumpsets;
• 1.02 Submersible Sludge / Sewage Pumpsets;
• 1.03 Drywell Sludge / Sewage Pumpsets;
• 1.04 Progressing Cavity Pumpsets
• 1.05 Submersible Borehole Pumpsets
• 1.06 Positive Displacement Pumps.(superceded by 1.07 to 1.11)
• 1.07 Ram Pump Units
• 1.08 Peristaltic Pump Units
• 1.09 Single Diaphragm Pump Units
• 1.10 Double Disc Pump Units
• 1.11 Rotary Lobe Pump Units
• 1.12 Packaged Water Booster Sets (Positive Inlet Pressure Applications)
• 1.14 Pump Unit Repair / Overhaul
• 1.15 End Suction (Back Pull-Out Type) Pump Units
• 1.16 Vertically Suspended (Bowl Type) Pump Units
WIMES Generic Data Sheets in Standards and Specifications Section 605 shall be used when specifying
pumping plant.
Page 3
601.6.2 Wastewater Pump Selection Guide

Pumps for handling raw and treated sewage, sewage sludges and grit shall be selected in accordance with
the following duty selection chart.
Pump Type Raw and Screened Final Primary Humus Digested Grit Dewatered
Storm Settled Effluent Sludges and Sludges Sludge
Sewage, Sewage Service (<5% dry Activated 25-35%
Industrial Water solids) Sludges
Effluent
(a) Centrifugal
Centrifugal O O O O O N N N
Mixed Flow Bowl N N O N N N N N
Axial N N O N N N N N
Vortex O O O N N N O N
Screw impeller O O N O O O N N
Macerator Pumps1 O N N N N N N N
(b) Positive Displacement
Ram N N N O O O O N
Diaphragm2 N N N O O O N N
Progressive Cavity3 N O O O O O N O
Rotary Lobe4 N N N O O O N N
Peristaltic5 N N N O O O N N
Archimedean Screw6 O O N N O N O N
Solids Handling in line N N N N N N N O
piston
Key: Notes :
O = Option 1. Particularly suited for small domestic sewage applications
N = Unsuitable, Not to be used 2. High suction lift, limited capacity
3. Not suitable for liquids containing grit or other abrasives
4. Suitable for dry running, compact and easy to maintain
5. Limited capacity
6. Low head high capacity
601.6.3 Flow Velocities

Pipelines shall be designed to achieve the flow velocities set out in the appropriate functional specifications,
or summarised in the following table:
Parameter Wastewater Water Distribution Water
(Pumping) (Gravity) (Pumping)
see also SSP-SP-SPE see also SSP-SP-SPE see also SSP-SP-SPE
030000303.10.1 040000404.7.2 040000402.5.1
Minimum pipeline velocity 0.75 m/s 0.5 m/s 0.7 m/s
Maximum pipeline velocity 1.8 m/s 1.0 m/s 1.2 m/s
Notes:-
1. Gravity flows in open channels and pipes, minimum velocity in approach channels and pipes shall be
0.75m/sec to prevent deposition of solids.
2. Maximum and minimum design flow velocity through the clear spacing of screens shall preferably be
0.9 m/s and 0.6 m/s, respectively
Page 4
601.6.4 Drywell Pumps

For centrifugal pumps installed in dry-wells with a risk of flooding the preferred option shall be IP68 dry-well
submersible type pumpsets. Drywell submersible pumpsets shall be rated for continuous operation and shall
be equipped with cooling jackets where required. Where size and subsequent handling issues require
separate pumps and motors to be installed, these shall be installed with the pumps in the dry well and the
motors above the ground level floor slab, and out of the flood risk area.
The use of IP67 immersible motors shall not be an acceptable alternative to IP68 drywell submersible
pumpsets.
Intermediate transmission shafting between the pump and motor shall be tubular carbon fibre and
incorporate universal joints and a sliding spline section. If more than one length of intermediate shafting is
required it shall be supported by sealed for life self aligning ball and / or roller bearings, mounted on
individual steel channels securely fixed to the dry well walls. The shafting shall be provided with galvanised
wire mesh guards throughout its length in accordance with WIMES 8.03.
601.6.5 Metering and Dosing Pumps
601.6.5.1 General
Metering and Dosing Pumps shall be constructed in accordance with WIMES Series 100 unless otherwise
stated or supplemented by this specification.
The pumps shall be suitable for the required duty and shall be supplied complete with motor, baseplate and
accessories.
Automatically controlled pumps shall incorporate local manual control of the stroke/speed adjustment as
appropriate to the pump type.
The selection of materials shall be compatible with and have suitable corrosion resistance to the intended
pumped liquid.
Variable speed pumps shall not operate at more than 85% of their top speed to meet the specified maximum
duty.
Variable stroke pumps shall not operate at less than 20% of the adjustable stroke length to meet the
specified minimum duty.
The pumps shall be designed to provide a metering accuracy or dosing repeatability of + 2% or less as
dictated by the process control system requirements over the full operating range.
601.6.5.2 Connections and Accessories
Where the stall pressure of the pump is less than the rated pressure of the pipework system, then a
diaphragm contact pressure switch shall be provided and shall be used to automatically stop the pump once
the pre-set cut-out pressure is reached.
Where the stall pressure of the pump is more than the rated pressure of the pipework system, then a direct
acting spring-loaded, pressure relief valve shall be provided. Where practical, the relief valve shall discharge
into the pump suction pipework. Relief valves that discharge into the pump suction shall be provided with a
dedicated alarm which shall be raised when the valve opens.
601.6.5.3 Testing
Works tests for metering and dosing pumpsets shall be carried out if required on a project specific basis.
Where works tests are specified, the following shall apply: -
The hydraulic performance of the pumpset shall be determined at the rated speed to establish discharge
head, rated capacity, metering accuracy and repeatability of the pumpset. The performance tests shall
Page 5
utilise the motor being supplied as part of the pumpset and not a shop motor. A test certificate shall be
provided confirming the results of the performance test.
The casing test pressure shall be a minimum of 1.5 times the design pressure. The test pressure shall be
sustained for a period of 30 minutes with no detectable leaks or loss of pressure. A test certificate shall be
provided confirming the results of the hydrostatic test.
Performance testing shall be carried out as follows:-
Pumps with variable speed only - a calibration test shall be performed over a minimum of four points of the
specified speed range of the pump, including the maximum and minimum points.
Pumps with variable speed and variable stroke - a calibration test shall be performed over a minimum of four
points at maximum stroke over the speed range, and four points at minimum stroke over the speed range to
demonstrate the full operating envelope,
601.6.6 Archimedean Screw Pumps

Screw pumps shall be fitted with up to three open helical flights. The number of flights, the diameter of the
centre tube and the angle of inclination shall be selected to optimise size and performance to achieve the
lowest whole life cost option. The screw, trough and support bearings shall be designed such that thermal
expansion shall not affect the free rotation of the screw nor impose excessive loads on the gearbox and
motor.
Pumps shall incorporate the following:-
i) Archimedean Screw
This shall consist of a spirally wound or longitudinally welded plate forming a central torque tube fitted with
helical flights and removable shafts. The torque tube shall not incorporate more than two circumferential
joints. End plates shall be spigoted and welded to the tube. Shafts shall be attached with fitted stud bolts.
Flights shall be helical shaped and continuously welded to the torque tube on both sides of the flight.
The centre tube and helices shall be fabricated from steel in accordance with BS 7668 (weldable structural
steels) and BS 10029. (tolerances on dimensions of hot rolled steel).
Fastening of demountable items shall not be subject to cyclical stressing. Abrupt changes of cross-section of
structural members shall be avoided
Provision shall be made in the design for lifting the screw during installation.
The complete screw assembly including side profiles shall receive a protective coating.
ii) Top Bearing
This shall consist of a spherical roller thrust bearing carried in a wall or floor mounted housing suitable for
transmitting axial and radial loads to the structure. The bearing housing shall be adjustable, capable of
accurate location and shall incorporate adequate fixing points. Bearings shall be capable of removal and
replacement without disturbing the screw. The bearing shall be designed to accommodate any upward
forces due to buoyancy of the rotating parts.
Bearings shall have an L10 life of 100,000 hours.
iii) Bottom Bearing
The bottom bearing assembly shall be suitably designed and anchored to the concrete foundation to
accommodate all loads including radial loads, axial movement and buoyant forces as would occur under
maximum wet-well level conditions.
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The casing shall be axially split to facilitate removal and replacement for maintenance purposes without
disturbing the screw.
The bottom bearing shall be suitable for continuous or intermittent operation when submerged or running in
air without overheating.
The bearing assembly shall be completely protected by a stationary shroud to prevent material in the waste
water from becoming wrapped around rotating parts. The shroud shall be manufactured in two halves to
facilitate removal from the bearing housing.
a) Eco-Friendly Type
Where size permits Eco-friendly bearings must be the preferred option. Eco friendly bearings shall be
lubricated for life and shall be fully self-aligning in all three axis. The bearing housing shall be designed to
exclude water and shall contain not less than two lip seals.
Bearings shall have an L10 life of 100,000 hours.
b) Oil Re-circulation Type
The bearing shall be protected from water ingress by a double lip seal. The stub shaft shall be fitted with a
stainless steel sleeve. Oil shall be supplied by an electrically driven oil pump in the motor room and shall
recirculate back to the motor room where an oil tank with capacity for two weeks operation and a visual oil
feed indicator shall be incorporated.
Control circuitry shall be arranged so that the oil pump pre-lubricates the pump bearing prior to start up and
shuts down the pump in the event of oil supply failure. A pressure gauge shall be provided to indicate pump
delivery pressure and pressure under blocked pipe conditions. A telemetry alarm signal must be fitted/
incorporated to alarm out on failure.
The bearing bush and housing shall incorporate means to prevent rotation or longitudinal movement of the
bush during service.
iv) Drive Transmission
The gearbox shall be the bevel/helical reduction type, with design based on 24-hour operation with moderate
shock loading and a service factor of not less than 1.5. Surface air cooling shall be provided.
Gears and bearings shall be lubricated by either a splash or force fed lubrication system and shall have an
L10 life expectancy of 100,000 hours at the rated power and speed. Oil fill and drain points shall be readily
accessible and a hand pump and suitable extension pipes shall be supplied.
The drive between motor and gearbox shall be transmitted by a multiple vee-belt arrangement suitably
guarded. The number and size of belts selected shall be such that full power to the screw can be maintained
after a single belt failure. Belts shall be provided in matched sets. The motor shall be mounted on a
substantial base plate, which shall incorporate adjustable guide rails to facilitate belt tensioning.
An anti-runback device shall be provided on the motor or gearbox input shaft to prevent reverse rotation
when the pump stops. The anti-runback device shall be designed to operate at a minimum of twice the
maximum motor output torque.
Final drive to the screw shall be transmitted through a flexible pin and bush coupling capable of transmitting
the maximum continuous torque delivered by the gearbox, and able to tolerate the maximum limits of
misalignment imposed by the screw shaft.
v) Motors
Drive motors shall be of the high efficiency EFF1 (or equivalent) type in accordance with WIMES 3.03
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vi) Guards
Guards shall be provided to protect personnel from all rotating elements. Guards shall be fabricated in a rigid
and robust manner and shall be removable for inspection and maintenance purposes.
vii) Condition Monitoring Equipment
Condition monitoring equipment shall be fitted to all pumps over 100kW to monitor upper and lower bearing
condition, The lower bearing shall be monitored using acoustic emission type technology. Sensors that may
be submerged shall have a minimum IP rating of IP68.
Sensors shall also be provided to monitor gearbox temperature and bearing condition.
viii) Screw Trough
Troughs shall be of a steel or concrete design.
a) Steel Trough
Where a pump is supplied with a steel trough the screw, steel trough, drive and bearings shall be supplied as
a complete assembly.
Lifting lugs shall be provided to enable the complete assembly to be lifted.
b) Concrete Trough
Concrete troughs shall be formed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. A screeding bar shall
be fitted to the edge of the flights to provide the required clearance during screeding of the concrete trough.
A slave motor and associated starter complete with remote control button unit shall be supplied for use
during the screeding operation.
ix) Profile Splash Guard
To contain the pumped liquid on the high water level side of the screw (caused by the rotation of the screw)
side profiles shall be fitted. The profiles shall be fixed to the channel wall with stainless steel resin anchor
type bolts.
x) Installation
Installation, including screeding of the pump trough, shall be carried out under the supervision of the pump
supplier, who shall provide full details of the quantity and specification of the screeding materials required
601.7 VALVES AND PENSTOCKS
601.7.1 General
All valves and penstocks shall be designed, manufactured, and tested in accordance with the standards
specified.
Valves shall be fitted with a metal tag showing identification number and details of services controlled.
All valve nominal pressures will be PN16 unless higher pressures are required.
Valve body ends shall be PN16 flanged and drilled to BS EN 1092 or for the higher selected operating
pressure.
Wafer type valves shall be suitable for bolting between PN16 flanges or the higher selected operating
pressure.
Page 8
For valves less than 50 mm NB compression fittings may be used and screwed fittings may be used where
the fluid handled is non-aggressive.
Where a HAZOP analysis has identified the requirement, valves and penstocks shall be arranged to facilitate
operation from ground level. Where necessary extension spindles, chain wheels and operating platforms
shall be provided. Valves shall not be installed in an inverted position.
Valves and penstocks shall normally close with a clockwise rotation of the handwheel whether geared or not.
Handwheels shall have the direction of opening and closing cast thereon. Due to local historical differences
there may be situations where existing valves close with an anti-clockwise rotation. In this situation, Scottish
Water must be consulted regarding the rotation of all new valves to be added to the system to remove the
risk of incorrect operation in normal and emergency situations.
The direction of opening and closing must be clearly marked on all valves and penstocks.
Valves and Penstocks shall be finished in a suitable coating both internally and externally to give the
required design life.
All valves and penstocks for use on potable water, or water which will become potable water,
installations shall comply with Water Supply (Water Quality) (Scotland) Regulations 2001 Regulation
27.
Flow velocity through valves shall generally not exceed 2.5 m/s.
601.7.2 Headstocks
Where remote mechanical operation of valves or penstocks is required they shall be supplied with suitable
headstocks.
Headstocks shall be mounted directly above the valves or penstocks. Where direct connection is not
possible valves or penstocks shall be equipped with operating spindle extensions. These shall be suitable
for length adjustment during assembly on site and shall be fitted with muff or universal couplings as
appropriate adjacent to the valve or penstock and to the headstock. Where universal joints need to be
employed they shall be oriented to give a linear transmission of rotational movement between the headstock
and valve or penstock spindle.
Headstocks for manually operated valves or penstocks shall be of the floor mounted pillar type with a
minimum height of 750 mm. They shall be of cast iron construction and fitted with a position indicator. Stem
bearings shall be gunmetal bushed.
Headstocks for actuated valves or penstocks shall be of the floor mounted pillar type with a minimum height
of 750 mm. They shall be of cast iron or fabricated steel construction and fitted with a position indicator.
Stem bearings where required shall be gunmetal bushed.
Wall or coping brackets to support headstocks may be supplied where headstocks are directly above wall
mounted penstocks.
Extension spindles shall be manufactured from 316 grade stainless steel.
Valve extension spindles must be fitted at a height where standard length valve keys (when required) are at
a working height of at least 1m
601.7.3 Handwheels, Crank Handles or T- Keys

Handwheels shall be sized in accordance with BS EN 12570 but shall not normally be greater than 500mm in
diameter. Handwheels shall be of a cast iron spoke type with the word SHUT and a direction arrow cast into
the rim.
The force required on the Crankhandle, Handwheel rim or Tee Key should not exceed 400N for operating
times up to 5 minutes (Torque ≈ 100Nm for a 500mm dia. handwheel). For short operating times, this may be
Page 9
increased to 1000 N (Torque ≈ 250Nm for a 500mm dia. handwheel) in line with BS EN 12570. Where these
values will be exceeded a gearbox shall be fitted to reduce the force required to 400N or below. Handwheels
shall be sized and geared as required to permit manual operation under full differential head conditions.
Where the force required to operate a valve or penstock is less than 400N (or 1000N for short periods) it may
be manually operated.
Where the force required to operate a valve exceeds 400N (or 1000N for short periods) the valve shall be
fitted with an actuator and /or geared arrangement to facilitate operation.
601.7.4 Actuators
Actuators shall be fitted where the force required to operate the valve or penstock exceeds the limits given in
BS EN 12570. This includes limits on the force required to operate the valve manually, and a time limit of no
greater than 5 minutes for full travel operation.
Actuators shall also be fitted where automatic or remote control of a valve or penstock is required. Where
valves are to be actuated, the valve shall be supplied complete with an integral mounting flange for the
specified actuator. Actuators shall be fitted at the valve manufacturer’s works.
Valve or penstock electric actuators shall comply with WIMES 3.08.
601.7.5 Pneumatic Actuators

Pneumatic actuators shall be of compact reliable construction and shall be sized to guarantee valve
operation at maximum possible differential pressure.
Piston actuators shall be double acting with an adjustable air cushioning device to prevent piston slam.
The barrel shall be of cold drawn chrome-plated steel, the piston rod of precision ground steel, and the piston
head of aluminium alloy or malleable iron. Fixing bolts shall be of high tensile stainless steel.
Diaphragm actuators shall be the spring opening or spring closing type and shall incorporate a rolling
diaphragm and coil springs within a spring case. Additional equipment for hand operation, positioning and
indication shall be provided where specified.
601.7.6 Gate Valves

Gate valves shall comply with BS EN 1171, BS EN 1074 parts 1 & 2, and BS 5163 parts 1 & 2 as appropriate
to the application and be of the solid wedge gate type with non-rising stems.
Valves of DN 400 or less may be of the resilient seated type or metal to metal seat type as appropriate to
the application and the required design life.
Resilient seat valve bodies shall have straight through bores (without seating recess).
Valves of DN 450 or more shall be of the metal to metal recessed seat type.
Valve body tappings shall be to BS EN 10226-1:2004 and shall be fitted with bronze, manganese bronze or
gunmetal plugs.
Valves shall incorporate cast iron bodies and bonnets to BS EN 1503-3.
Resilient seat valve gates shall be ductile iron fully coated with WRAS approved rubber.
Valve gates shall be fitted with BS EN 1982 gunmetal, aluminium bronze or nickel copper alloy components.
Gate valves shall be provided with a means of locking where required for security purposes.
Page 10
601.7.7 Knife Gate Valves

Knife gate valves may be considered for existing installations where restricted space prohibits the installation
of conventional gate valves. They may also be considered where the content or nature of the media is such
that water tight sealing of conventional gate valves would be difficult to achieve, and the narrow gate design
would provide a more effective seal. This may apply to wastewater and sludge applications with a high rag
and grit content.
Valve bodies shall be manufactured from cast iron, ductile iron or stainless steel as appropriate to the
application.
The valve gate shall be manufactured from 316 grade stainless steel.
Valve seating shall be resilient or metal to metal as appropriate to the application.
601.7.8 Non-return Valves

Non-return valves shall comply with BS EN 12334.
Non-return valves in wastewater applications shall be installed in the horizontal plane to prevent jamming
due to solids build up behind the flap.
Non-return valves in clean water applications should be installed in the horizontal plane however where
existing civil structures limit available space installation in the vertical plane may be considered. Vertical
plane installations should be agreed with the valve manufacturer and Scottish Water.
The non-return valve design shall ensure closure in the shortest possible time following deceleration of the
water column, ideally reaching its seat without slamming at the instant forward motion of the column ceases.
Non-return valves shall have ductile iron bodies, discs and covers to BS EN 1503-3, and shall be fitted with
copper alloy or gunmetal seats to BS EN 1982.
Hinge pins shall be stainless steel to BS EN 10088, ductile iron to BS EN 1563 or Gunmetal to BS EN 1982
as appropriate.
Bearings and bushings shall be copper alloy or gunmetal to BS EN 1982..
601.7.8.1 Swing Check Non-Return Valves
Where required to facilitate rapid closure, swing check non-return valves shall be fitted with weighted
external levers. External levers shall also be fitted where back-flushing of pumps may be required. Where the
movement of external levers may present a hazard to operations personnel during normal operation they
shall be suitably guarded.
External levers may also be fitted with adjustable balance weights to ensure correct operation of the valve.
Where external levers are fitted soft packed glands shall be incorporated to provide a leak free seal.
Where specified, non-return valves with external levers shall be provided with inductive proximity switches
located in a horizontal plane to the side of the external lever so as to sense the vertical plane movement of
the external lever, and so to detect opening/closing of the valve and operation of the associated plant. Valve
operation shall be detected within 10o of the valve seating position. Proximity switch housings shall have an
Index of Protection rating to suit the application.
601.7.8.2 Multi- Flap and Split Disc Non-Return Valves
For clean water applications multi-flap or split disc non-return valves may be considered. Wafer split disc
check valves shall be suitable for installation between flanges of PN 16 minimum.
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601.7.8.3 Recoil Non-Return Valves
For clean water and wastewater applications under high reflux conditions recoil type non-return valves may
be considered.
601.7.8.4 Lift Pattern Non-Return Valves
For clean water applications and small bore pipework lift pattern check valves may be considered. Valves
shall be manufactured in accordance with BS 5154 and shall incorporate bronze bodies, and guided bronze
discs. Bodies shall be screwed with BS EN 10226-1 taper threads.
601.7.8.5 Cast Iron Flap Non-Return Valves
Cast iron flap non-return valves shall be designed to suit the hydrostatic conditions at a particular location,
automatically to open when the downstream level falls below the upstream level and close when the water
levels equalise.
Valves shall be heavy duty manufactured from cast iron complying with BS EN 1561 not less than Grade 12.
They shall be drilled for bolting to concrete, flanged or socketed to suit pipework.
Flaps shall be double hung with non-ferrous hinge pins.
Seating faces shall be of cast iron, gunmetal or bronze hand scraped for a watertight finish.
601.7.8.6 Plastic Flap Non-Return Valves
Plastic flap non-return valves shall be suitable for either wall or pipe flange mounting.
Doors shall be constructed from flexible reinforced plastic with the hinge forming an integral part.
Frames shall be of epoxy coated mild steel or welded stainless steel grade 304 S16 and all fasteners shall
be of stainless steel.
Flap valves shall withstand a maximum seating head of 6 m.
601.7.8.7 Duckbill Check Non-Return Valves
Duckbill type check valves of an all elastomer design may be used for end-of-pipe outfall installations, Valves
should be flanged for bolting onto the outfall wall. Where the valve is to be installed in a manhole for
additional protection it may be of the slip on type. All securing bands or bolts etc shall be of stainless steel of
minimum 316 grade or higher as required to withstand the corrosive effects of saline solution washing
associated with coastal installations.
Duckbill check valves of the inline type may also be considered. These shall have a cast iron body and an all
elastomer check sleeve. The valve casing shall be axially split to facilitate maintenance of the internal check
sleeve.
Check sleeve material for duckbill valves shall be selected to give the longest period of maintenance free
operation for each application.
601.7.8.8 Nozzle Check Non-Return Valves
This type of valve is suitable for clean water applications only. Check valves of this type shall be designed for
rapid closing without slamming no later than the moment of cessation of forward flow. The valve size and
design shall be selected to give the optimum performance in this respect taking full account of the system
within which the valve is to be installed, especially when the system includes air vessels or when the system
static head is high.
Page 12
Valves shall be suitable for use with clean water systems or systems containing only very small water borne
particles. Nozzle check valves shall be of the disc or ring type sealing on to a metal seat by one or more
guides and helical springs. The valves shall be suitable for operation when installed in any position. Rapid
closure shall be ensured by keeping both the extent of movement and the inertia of the working component
as small as possible without causing an unduly large head loss through the open valve. Such valves may
incorporate a number of relatively small water passages. Closure of the valve shall be by short closing
stroke, and the closure time shall be controlled by the action of the pre-loaded spring.
The valves shall not contain any brasses which have more than 5% zinc. They shall have cast iron bodies
and the valve disc or ring shall be of bronze or stainless steel. The spring material shall be stainless steel.
Valves shall be supplied with works test certificates indicating head-loss across the valve and closure
characteristics at specified flow.
601.7.9 Butterfly Valves

Butterfly valves shall comply with BS EN 593. Valves shall be of the resilient, metal to metal or metal to
rubber liner seated type as appropriate, and shall be of wafer type design.
Isolating valves shall be suitable for tight shut-off application.
Where regulating duties are specified, metal to metal seatings or metal disc and vulcanised rubber lining
shall be used.
Where valves are to be actuated, a means for manual mechanical operation shall also be provided.
All valves shall be provided with a handwheel or lever with indicators to show the position of the valve disc.
A padlock facility shall be provided for lever operated valves.
Valves of 250 mm diameter and above shall be provided with a gearbox and handwheel.
Valves specified for corrosive fluid duties shall be perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) lined with a two piece spheroidal
graphite (SG) body with external epoxy coating. Valve discs shall be PFA or PTFE coated. Valve spindles
shall be AISI 341 stainless steel and sealed with a combination of PTFE stem seal and stem ‘O’ rings to
prevent stem leakage.
Valves specified for water service shall be supplied with an epoxy coated grey or SG iron body to BS EN
1561 Seats, sealing rings and ‘O’ rings shall be of Viton and nitrile rubbers or equal and approved. Valve
discs shall be epoxy coated forged steel, stainless steel, aluminium bronze or polyamide coated SG iron as
appropriate.
Valves specified for use with compressed air duties shall be supplied with a cast iron body with an external
epoxy coating. Valve discs shall be of ductile iron or stainless steel with an EPDM or Viton seat.
Note: - All valves and penstocks for use on potable water or water which will become potable water
installations shall comply with Water Supply (Water Quality) (Scotland) Regulations 2001 Regulation 27.
601.7.10 Ball Valves

Ball valves shall be of the lever operated quarter turn top entry pattern, shall comply with BS 5159. Valves
may be flanged or fitted with double union ends to suit the size and type of connecting pipework. Materials
shall be compatible with the service fluid.
601.7.11 Pressure Reducing and Pressure Sustaining Valves

Pressure reducing valves shall be capable of maintaining a constant downstream pressure from a higher
constant or variable upstream pressure.
Pressure sustaining valves shall be capable of maintaining a constant upstream pressure irrespective of a
variable downstream pressure.
Page 13
Both types of valves shall be droptight under no flow conditions.
Valve operation shall be achieved by the interaction of the inlet pressure, outlet pressure and an
intermediate pressure produced by a pilot valve or relay system acting on the upstream side of the main
valve.
The pilot valve or relay system shall be operated by a diaphragm connected to the outlet pressure for a
pressure reducing valve, or the inlet pressure for a pressure sustaining valve, on its underside and a
constant pressure derived from either weights or a spring on its upper side.
The materials for the valves shall be as follows:-

Body and cover cast iron or ductile iron
Internal valve gunmetal with bronze liner and leather cups and facing rings
Relay valve bronze containing not more than 5% zinc with stainless steel spindle
and nylon valve face
Diaphragm reinforced synthetic rubber
Loading spring spring steel.
(if employed):-
Lever steel with gunmetal pins and links
Cylinder pipework copper
Cylinder epoxy lined mild steel with internal parts gunmetal bushed
Valve bodies shall have a fusion coated epoxy coating inside and outside for protection against corrosion.
Valves shall be factory tested, and supplied with a test certificate indicating valve serial number and set
pressure.
601.7.12 Air Release Valves
601.7.12.1 General
Automatic air release valves should be installed where required to carry out the following functions:
• To release air from dry-well pump casings when the stop level is below the volute fully primed level
• To release air when a pipeline is being filled
• To release entrained air/gas accumulation at pumping main peaks during pump operation
• To permit air to enter when the pipeline when being emptied either manually or as part of normal
operation
• To mitigate the effects of surge or water hammer
All air valves shall be provided with a means of isolation from the pipeline or volute casing by either a ball or
gate valve.
Where large volumes of air will be expelled during commissioning or where air release is critical to the
process a manual air release ball valve shall be provided as back up to the automatic valve.
Valve outlets shall discharge, via additional pipework, to a drain or wet well. Where this is not practicable
then the outlet shall be sited to prevent build up of toxic/flammable gases, noise or odour.
Odour control measures shall be provided were required.
Where an air valve is utilised on wastewater or raw water pipe applications it shall be fitted with a separate
float chamber.
Page 14
All valves shall be of the double acting type. Where air is not permitted back in the pipe, then a vented non
return valve shall be fitted to the outlet of the air valve.
Refer to CED 4010 for the installation of air valves on rising mains.
601.7.12.2 Valve Selection
Air release valve types shall be selected as follows:
• Double orifice: these are the preferred choice type of air release valve for normal applications.
• Single small orifice: these may be used on smaller pipes where they are not filled/emptied as part of
normal operation and have a separate means of air release/entry when being manually filled/emptied.
• Single large orifice: these shall be used for local air release on dry-well pump volute casings.
• Double orifice triple function: these should be used where there is a requirement for rapid/high volume air
flow, such as surge/water hammer alleviation, rapid filling pipelines, etc.
Where air release requirements exceed the capacity of a single valve then multiple valves shall be
connected via a common manifold. Connection pipework and manifolds shall be sized in accordance with the
air valve manufacturer’s recommendations and should not be lass than the combined cross-sectional areas
of all the valve inlets.
NB: - The number, size and location of the valves on undulating pipelines shall be confirmed as part of the
full hydraulic analysis required for this type of pipeline. This will normally utilise specialist software
specifically written for this purpose.
601.7.12.3 Double Orifice Valve Specification
Double orifice valves shall combine both large and small orifices within a single valve.
Valves with an NB up to and including 50mm shall comply with the following:
• Large and small orifice shall be sealed via a rolling seal.
• Minimum orifice area of 7.5 mm2.
• Manufactured entirely from non metallic materials.
Valves with an NB over 50mm shall comply with the following:
• Large orifice shall be sealed via a ball.
• Small orifice shall be sealed with a rolling seal.
• Minimum orifice area of 12 mm2.
601.7.12.4 Single Small Orifice Valve Specification
Valves shall comply with the following:
• Small orifice sealed via a rolling seal.
• Minimum orifice area of 7.5 mm2.
• Manufactured entirely from non metallic materials.
601.7.12.5 Single Large Orifice Valves Specification
The valve shall comply with the following:
Page 15
• Orifice sealed with a PTFE ball and rubber ring.
• Two piece body.
• Where the valve is used for the local air venting of a wastewater/raw water pump then a separate float
chamber is not required.
601.7.12.6 Double Orifice Triple Function Valves Specification
Triple function valves shall be capable of sealing at 0.2 bar and shall comply with the following:
• Large orifice equal to the Inlet size sealed by a ball.
• Non-slam “anti-shock” device for eliminating water hammer during rapid filling or water column return.
The valve should switch to this secondary orifice at between 0.01 & 0.03 bar. The non-slam mechanism
should be external to the main chamber.
• Small automatic orifice of at least 12mm² sealed via a rolling seal, external to main valve.
601.7.12.7 Separate Float Chamber Specification
Air valves utilised on pipelines associated with wastewater or raw water shall have a separate float chamber
and float assembly to ensure that the air release mechanism does not come into direct contact with the fluid.
The float assembly (rod and float) shall be manufactured from 316 grade stainless steel and shall connect to
the orifice mechanism of the air valve.
The float chamber shall be provided with a flanged access cover for maintenance/cleaning and the main
body shall be fitted with a flushing boss at the top and a ¼ turn ball valve at the bottom. Both the valve and
boss shall be plugged.
The float chamber shall be designed for free draining back to the pipeline and shall be sized such that the
float shall have a side clearance of at least 50% of the diameter of the float.
The float chamber shall have a flanged pipeline connection with a minimum diameter of 80mm.
601.7.13 Vacuum Relief Valves

These valves shall be designed to be used at highpoints in pipelines to introduce air to prevent large
negative (vacuum) pressures forming and reduce the effects of column separation, e.g. after pump shut-
down or during emptying of a pipeline.
601.7.14 Pressure Relief Valves

Relief valves shall be of the spring-actuated poppet type. The valves shall be rated to pass at least 200% of
the rated flow at the point of connection, at 150% of the working pressure.
Safety valves shall comply with BS 6759: Part 1. They shall be designed to blow off at the specified
pressure and re-close and prevent further flow of fluid after normal pressure conditions of service have been
restored. The pressure/temperature rating shall be in accordance with Table PE-1 in BS 1560: Part 2.
Shell material shall be from the materials listed in Table PE-1 BS 1560 : Part 2.
The pressure setting of the valve shall be manually adjustable. The valve shall be adjusted to the maximum
safe working pressure at the manufacturer’s works and the setting secured with a brass padlock or a wire
lock and lead seal which shall be stamped with the pressure setting,. A test certificate and duplicate padlock
keys shall be provided.
Page 16
601.7.15 Automatic Drain Valves (Air Service Pipework)

Automatic drain valves shall be of the float-operated plug type designed to automatically drain oil, water and
other condensate from the pipework.
In addition to automatic operation, drain valves shall also incorporate a manual condensate drain facility.
601.7.16 Diaphragm Valves

Diaphragm valves shall generally comply with BS EN 13397 and shall be of the non-rising spindle type.
Valves shall be suitable for tight shut-off applications and shall be suitable for operating at the service
pressure.
The valve body shall be of a two piece design, to facilitate the easy removal of the diaphragm.
Valves specified for use with acid shall be of the cast in weir type and shall be manufactured from cast
spheriodal graphite (sg) with a perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) lining. External parts of the body shall be coated in a
phosphate primer and alkyd paint finish. Diaphragms shall be manufactured from polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE) faced butyl rubber. Bonnets shall be sealed.
Valves specified for use with lime slurry or other abrasive materials shall be of the ‘full bore’ or ‘straight
through’ type which offers minimum resistance to flow in the open position. The body shall be fabricated
from cast sg iron, with a grade AA soft rubber lining and diaphragm. External surfaces shall be coated in a
phosphate primer and alkyd paint finish.
Valves specified for use with polymer, urea and phosphate shall be of the ‘full bore’ or ‘straight through’ type.
The body shall be fabricated from cast sg iron, with a polypropylene rubber lining. The diaphragm shall be
fabricated from a butyl-rubber blend or similar and approved. External parts of the body shall be coated in a
phosphate and alkyd paint finish.
601.7.17 Pinch Valves

Pinch valves for use with lime slurry and other similar applications shall be of the full bore type employing a
suitable natural rubber sleeve surrounded by a cast iron or aluminium body. Valve closure shall be effected
by applying compressed air directly to the annulus surrounding the sleeve. Sleeves shall be readily
replaceable. An air filter and pressure regulator shall be provided on the air line to each valve.
601.7.18 Plug Valves

Plug valves shall be of the cast iron or cast steel regular pattern, glandless parallel plug lubricated type
complying with BS 5158. They shall be flanged to BS EN 1092 or screwed to BS 21, to suit pipe diameter.
Lubrication shall be by a lubricant screw and ports machined into the plug face. Valves below 125 mm NB
shall be wrench or handwheel operated, larger valves shall be gear operated.
The lubrication system shall be suitably charged at the manufacturer’s works for the duty required.
601.7.19 Foot Valves and Strainers

Foot valves shall be the vertical lift disc pattern incorporating upper and lower guides. Valves shall have
ductile iron bodies and discs with gun metal seats.
Valves shall be fitted with a galvanised sheet metal strainer with an open area equal to at least three times
the cross-sectional area of the valve bore.
Page 17
601.7.20 Solenoid Control Valves

Solenoid control valves shall be of the two way, normally closed type, and shall be suitable for mounting at
any angle. The solenoid shall be rated for continuous duty. A manual override facility shall be incorporated.
The valve body shall be brass and the internal parts, stainless steel or brass.
601.7.21 Penstocks
All Penstocks shall comply with BS 7775 : 2005.
Penstocks spindles shall be Stainless Steel Rising Spindle (preferred) or Non Rising Spindle dependent on
application. Door nuts shall be manufactured from Phosphor Bronze to BS EN 12167:1998 for Non Rising
Spindles and Cast Iron to BS EN 1561 min. 250 for Rising Spindles.
Materials employed in the construction of Penstocks shall be either (choice will be affected by fluid flowing,
working conditions, positioning, size, shape etc):
Cast Iron : Door and frame of Cast Iron BS EN 1561 min. 250 with sealing faces of Phosphor Bronze to BS
EN 12167:1998 as standard and bedded to a 0.1mm feeler gauge non acceptance. The sealing faces shall
be fixed securely using long taper countersunk pins in the same material as the sealing faces. Wedges shall
be constructed in BS EN 1561 min. 250 Cast Iron and be adjustable to accommodate wear during the life of
the penstock.
Stainless Steel : Door and Frame of Stainless Steel to BS EN 10088:1995 grades 1.4301 (304) or 1.4401
(316) dependent on application. Grade 1.4401 (316) minimum is required for chlorinated potable water and
coastal situations. Sealing Faces shall be of continuous seal design resilient low friction UHMWP or
equivalent material.
Plastic Door : Frame of Mild Steel to BS EN 10025:1993 grade S275 or Stainless Steel to BS EN
10088:1995 grades 1.4301 (304) or 1.4401 (316). Mild Steel Frames shall be protected for either sewage,
potable water or sea water. Doors shall be manufactured as a composite sandwich construction comprising a
lightweight cellular core with a fully welded steel box section matrix between two other skins of rigid,
compressed plastic which is asbestos free, ultra violet stabilised and non toxic. All materials shall be
chemically bonded and sealed. Non rising spindle doors shall have a Stainless Steel lining tube inside the
central vertical box section of the inner matrix. Seals shall be fitted to the frame
Hand operated weir penstocks shall be lockable at any position.
All extension spindles shall be suitably guided by either wall brackets or direct mounted extension tubes as
appropriate.
Where automatic or remote control operation is required the penstock manufacturer shall size the actuator
suitable for the operating conditions.
Penstocks for control duty shall be fitted with electric actuators in accordance with WIMES 3.08.
All fasteners and anchor bolts shall be manufactured from a grade of stainless appropriate to the application
and environment, in accordance with the recommendations of Water Industry and Information Guidance
Note IGN 4-25-02..
601.7.22 Handstops and Stoplogs

Handstops and Stoplogs can be considered for closing of channels, wall apertures and/or isolation where
isolation will be infrequent (major overhaul, work around during equipment failure), frequency of operation in
excess of two years.
601.7.22.1 Handstops
Handstops can be constructed of steel and/or plastic.
Page 18
Hand stops will be selected to suit one man operation in terms of weight including overpull and geometry.
601.7.22.2 Stoplogs
Stoplogs shall be constructed of steel/plastic composite or aluminium.
Stoplogs will be selected to suit one or two man operation in terms of weight and geometry. Two man logs
shall be lifted using lifting poles. Suitable access and level standing must be provided for installation and
removal of all logs.
601.8 PIPEWORK
601.8.1 General
This section refers to pipework within buildings and outside but above ground in the vicinity of treatment and
pumping station buildings. All piping materials and pipework shall comply with the requirements of the
appropriate Harmonised European or British Standards. All pipework that will convey potable water or water
which will become potable water shall comply with Water Supply (Water Quality) (Scotland) Regulations
2001 Regulation 27.
601.8.2 Pipework Flanges

Flanges shall conform to BS EN 1092 and be drilled to PN16, unless the appropriate pressure rating is in
excess of this.
Where a pipe passes through a wall or is subject to thrust it shall incorporate a puddle flange, which shall
conform to the dimensions stated in BS EN 1092 but remain undrilled.
601.8.3 Pipework Fittings

Small bore pipework with diameter less than 100 mm shall incorporate large radius bends rather than short
radius bends (elbows). The use of elbows shall be confined to clean water applications only. Where elbows
are unavoidable, provision shall be made for rodding/cleaning of the section as a minimum requirement. All
bends and fittings must be manufactured from compatible materials.
Wherever possible standard fittings shall be used in preference to fabricated or special fittings.
601.8.4 Pipework Drainage and Venting

Where identified during a HAZOP analysis, facilities shall be provided for draining and venting the pipe
systems. The drainage fluid shall be piped into the building drainage system or reception tank as
appropriate and the period of time for drainage shall not exceed 30 minutes.
601.8.5 Flexible Couplings and Flange Adaptors

Flexible couplings shall be provided where necessary to to allow for differential settlement of a building
structure. Wherever practical, flexible couplings shall be provided with tie bolts to transfer longitudinal thrust
along the pipework as a whole.
Flange adaptors shall be provided at suitable points to facilitate removal of pumps, valves etc with the
minimum of disturbance of pipework.
601.8.6 Flexible Couplings and Flange Adapters Deflection Angles

Where detachable flexible couplings or flange adapters are used with pipes they shall be designed for the
angular deflections specified below without leakage.
Page 19
Pipe Diameter Coupling Angle Flange Adapter

nominal bore Degrees Degrees
Mm Installed built in In service flexibility Installed built in or In service flexibility
or restrained required restrained required
up to 600 6 3 3 1.5
750 5 2.5 2.5 1.25
900 4 2 2 1
1200 3 1.5 1.5 0.75
1800 2 1 1 0.5
over 1800 1 0.5 0.5 0.25
The above angles shall apply where the pipes will not move in service or where in-service flexibility is
required as indicated.
601.8.7 Thrust Blocks, Anchors and Pipe Supports

Anchor blocks shall be provided where necessary at horizontal bends, vertical bends or/and at intervals on
pipelines where the pipeline is subjected to excess thrust on the pipeline system. Anchors may be steel
fabrication or concrete depending upon application.
Pipework within buildings shall incorporate suitable duckfoot bends and puddle flanges to allow thrust forces
to be transmitted to the building structure.
All brackets, supports and hangers necessary for carrying and steadying the pipes shall be provided and
fixed complete and shall be so placed as to prevent sagging, warping or vibration of piping. At least two
supports shall be provided on any long length of pipe between flanges. All pipe supports, hangers and
additional steelwork shall be galvanised.
601.8.8 Accessory Supports

Where large valves, strainers and other devices are required to be mounted in the pipework, provision shall
be made to independently support these items.
Page 20
601.8.9 Piping Material Selection

Pipework material for particular applications shall be selected in line with the following guidance:-
Copper (PVC Sheathed)

Galvanised Steel
Stainless Steel
Coated Steel
Polyethylene
Ductile Iron
Mild Steel
Copper
uPVC
ABS
APPLICATIONS
Potable Water O O O O N O O O O N
Sewage O N N O N O O N N N
Sludge O N N O O N O O N N
Sampling N N N N N O N O N N
Air N N O O N N N O O N
Instrumentation N N N N N N N N N O
Lubricating Oil N O O O N N N N O N
Fuel N O N N N N N N N N
Chemical Dosing Refer to WIMES 8.02 Chemical Dosing Equipment
Also refer to chemical producers and piping manufacturers guidance
601.8.10 Applications Guidance
601.8.10.1 Potable Water and water which may become potable
Refer to Functional Specification 404 Water Distribution, Engineering Specification 602 Process and
Mechanical Plant Water and WIS IGN 4-25-02 Applications for Stainless Steel in the Water Industry
Note: - piping for chemical dosing systems requires special consideration to ensure that there will be no
detrimental effect from contact with the chemicals or from heat given off at any time in the dosing process.
To assist with understanding the limitations of piping a document entitled Chemical Resistance of Piping is
included in the Guidance Section 800 of the Standards and Specifications.
601.8.10.2 Sewage
Refer to Functional Specification 303 Waste Water Collection, Engineering Specification 603 Process and
Mechanical Plant Wastewater and WIS IGN 4-25-02 Applications for Stainless Steel in the Water Industry
601.8.10.3 Sludge
For future use
Page 21
601.8.10.4 Sampling
For future use
601.8.10.5 Air
Compressed air pipework shall be manufactured from galvanised steel, stainless steel, ABS or copper within
the limitations given in the materials section.
Pipes shall be flanged to BS EN 1092, where required, to make connections with plant items and shall be
designed for a pressure of not less than 3 x relief valve pressure blow point.
Pipework shall be installed horizontally and vertically but shall fall in the direction of air flow to facilitate
draining of condensate. Automatic drains shall be fitted to prevent the accumulation of condensate at low
points in the system. The nominal fall of the pipework shall be 1 in 80. All branches shall be taken from the
top of the pipe.
Final connections to compressed air operated apparatus may be made by flexible connections of a suitable
material
Blower pipework shall be manufactured from seamless stainless steel. All joints shall be welded in
accordance with BS EN 1011-3 Arc Welding of Stainless Steels.
Blower pipework shall be lagged from the blower outlet to at least the point on the pipework where the
surface temperature falls below 45oC during normal operation. Blower pipework shall also be lagged where
required to reduce noise transmission.
601.8.10.6 Instrumentation
For future use
601.8.10.7 Lubricating Oil
Lubricating oil pipework shall be fabricated in copper, solid drawn steel or other approved materials
throughout.
601.8.10.8 Fuel
Fuel system pipework shall be un-galvanised. Preferred option is Stainless Steel.
Pipework shall be flushed with paraffin to remove all grease and debris and sealed to prevent contamination
prior to filling with fuel oil.
601.8.10.9 Chemical Dosing
Refer to chemical producers and pipework manufacturers guidance documents
601.8.11 Pipework Materials Guidance

Pipework materials and associated installation requirements for the above applications shall generally be as
follows: -
601.8.11.1 Ductile Iron

All ductile iron pipework shall be manufactured in accordance with the latest versions of BS EN 545 for
potable water and BS EN 598 for sewerage.
601.8.11.2 Mild Steel Pipework

Mild steel fuel pipes not exceeding 75 mm nominal bore shall be of heavy grade tubing complying with BS
EN 10255; All other mild steel fuel pipes shall comply with API Standard 5L for line pipe Grade A with
Page 22
dimensions corresponding to BS 1600, Schedule 40. Flanged, welded or screwed joints may be
incorporated.
All other mild steel pipework shall conform to the requirements of BS 778, BS EN 13480, BS EN 10216 and
BS EN 10217 as appropriate and shall be suitable for the service conditions for which it is employed. Mild
steel pipework above 25mm bore shall be fabricated and jointed by butt welds, except at terminal points or at
intermediate points where flanges are essential to permit dismantling for the purposes of cleaning or
maintenance. Screwed coupling of an approved pattern may be employed on any pipes of 25mm bore or
less. Running couplings shall not be used on any pipework.
601.8.11.3 Galvanised Steel

Compressed air piping shall be of heavy gauge galvanised mild steel to BS EN 10255. Joints shall be of the
screwed and socket type. All bends, tees, unions and other fittings shall be of galvanised steel to BS
143/1256. Screwed or flanged joints may be incorporated.
601.8.11.4 Stainless Steel

Stainless steel pipework shall be in accordance with the Water Industry Information and Guidance Note IGN
4-25-02 ‘Applications for Stainless Steel in the Water Industry’.
601.8.11.5 Coated Steel

For future use
601.8.11.6 uPVC
For future use
601.8.11.7 Polyethylene
For future use
601.8.11.8 Polythene
For future use
601.8.11.9 ABS
For future use
601.8.11.10 Copper
Copper piping not exceeding 12.5 mm in bore used for compressed air may be fabricated from solid drawn
copper to BS EN 12449 provided the operating pressure does not exceed 1.00 MN/m2.
601.8.11.11 Copper (PVC sheathed)

For future use
601.8.12 Hazardous Area Pipework

To prevent the build up of static charges, all non-metallic pipework installed in hazardous areas shall be fitted
with earthing rings that shall be bonded to the station earth. Rings shall be fitted between flanges and at
connections to plant items. Ring spacing shall not exceed 5m.
Page 23
601.9 PIPEWORK MARKING

This specification defines the system to be used for the marking / colour coding of non-buried pipework and
services to allow the ready identification of the conveyed fluid.
The system uses basic colour codes for the primary fluids with supplementary bands to identify any
subgroups, as detailed in BS 1710
Pipelines containing acids or alkalis shall be supplemented with permanent text labels clearly stating the
product contained within the pipework, and hazard symbol markings.
This specification allows for either a system in which the total pipe is finished in the basic identification colour
or a system which utilises banding at regular intervals and junctions.
The identification colour codes shall be as defined in Tables No.1 and No.2 in section 601.8.1. Colour codes
shall comply with BS 4800
Primary fluids conveyed during the treatment of water and wastewater shall be identified by the colours
detailed in Table No.1.
Auxiliary fluids conveyed within treatment works and offices shall be identified by the colours detailed in
Table No.2.
Pipelines containing acids and alkalis shall include supplementary text within the banded area to confirm the
actual product name.
All colour coatings, banding and markings applied shall be colour fast and permanent. Where adhesive
bands and labels are used the pipework finish shall be suitable for the adhesive employed, and shall be
cleaned immediately prior to application to ensure that the banding or labels achieve a lasting bond.
Banding and labels shall be suitable for the environment in which they are installed, and shall not be
adversely affected by external influences like heat, sunlight etc. or faded
601.9.1 Use Of Identification System

All non-buried pipelines, services and associated valves shall comply with this specification.
The total external surface of the pipe shall preferably be finished in the basic identification colour.
Where the coating system can not be provided in the required colour, or existing pipework is to be identified,
then a banding system shall be employed. Where the Contractor proposes to employ a banding system it
shall be brought to the attention of the Contract Administrator.
Where pipework and fittings are to be lagged, the identification system shall be applied to the external
surface of both the pipework and the protective covering of the lagging material.
All fittings located beneath lagging material shall be identified by securely fixing a label to the external
surface of the protective covering of the lagging material. Each label shall describe the type of fitting, e.g.
valve, flowmeter, flange, adaptor, etc., in 50mm upper case text. The label shall be fixed to ensure that
precipitation cannot penetrate the lagging material from the exterior protective covering. The position and
detail of all labels shall be subject to the approval of the Contract Administrator.
The direction of flow shall always be clearly indicated on the pipework by permanent means.
The method of identification shall be employed on all pipelines at the following locations:-
both sides of a wall passage;
at any change of direction;
both sides of a valve;
junctions, i.e. the three sides of a Tee piece;
every 20m on straight runs;
adjacent to any service appliance.
Page 24
601.9.1.1 Table of Primary Fluid Colours

Pipe Contents Basic Identification Colour Supplementary Band
WATER
Raw 12-D-45 N/A
Settled 12-D-45 06-E-50
Filtered 12-D-45 12-E-53
Treated 12-D-45 18-E-53
Supernatant 12-D-45 04-C-33
WASTEWATER
Raw 10-A-07 N/A
Trade 10-A-07 00-E-53
Primary / Storm 10-A-07 06-E-50
Filtered 10-A-07 12-E-53
Final 10-A-07 18-E-53
Supernatant 10-A-07 04-C-33
SLUDGE
Raw 06-D-45 N/A
Primary 06-D-45 06-E-50
Secondary 06-D-45 12-E-53
Digested 06-D-45 00-E-55
GASES
Digester 08-C-35 Digester Gas
601.9.1.2 Table Of Auxiliary Fluid Colours

Pipe Contents Basic Identification Outer Band Central Band
Colour
Cooling (Primary) Water 12-D-45 N/A 00-E-55
Boiler Feed Water 12-D-45 04-D-45 00-E-55
Condensate Water 12-D-45 04-D-45 14-E-53
Chilled water 12-D-45 00-E-55 14-E-53
Central Heating Water(<100°C) 12-D-45 18-E-51 04-D-45
Central Heating Water(>100°C) 12-D-45 04-D-45 18-E-51
Hot Water Supply 12-D-45 00-E-55 04-D-45
Hydraulic Power (Water) 12-D-45 N/A 04-C-33
Fire Extinguishing Water 12-D-45 N/A 04-E-53
Steam 10-A-03 N/A N/A
Diesel Fuel 06-C-39 N/A 00-E-55
Lubricating Oil 06-C-39 N/A 14-E-53
Hydraulic Power (Oil) 06-C-39 N/A 04-C-33
Transformer Oil 06-C-39 N/A 04-D-45
Compressed Air 20-E-51 N/A N/A
Vacuum 20-E-51 N/A 00-E-55
Drainage 00-E-53 N/A N/A
Natural Gas 08-C-35 N/A 10-E-53
Chlorine 08-E-51 N/A N/A
Acids and Alkalis 22-C-37 Text to confirm Text to confirm
name of product name of product
Page 25
601.9.1.3 Banding and Flow Direction Examples
Banding In Basic Identification Colour Only
450 100
Banding With One Supplementary Band
150 150 150 100
Banding With Two Supplementary Band
150 150 150 150 150 100
Banding For Acids, Alkalis and Gases
TEXT
TEXT
TEXT
150 150 150 100
Legend
Basic Supplementary Supplementary

Identification Colour No.1 Colour No.2
Colour
Page 26
601.10 INSULATION
601.10.1 General
Where specified, pipework and associated mechanical components should be insulated using removable
jackets. The jackets shall suit the application and be easy to install. Where possible, each jacket shall have
suitable fastenings to position and hold the insulation in place and enable ease of access for maintenance.
Thermal insulation shall comply with the requirements of BS 5422 and BS 5970 or approved equivalent.
Insulation materials and finishes shall be proofed against rotting, mould and fungal growth and attack by
vermin, be non-hygroscopic and in all respects be suitable for continuous use throughout the range of
operating temperatures and within the environment indicated.
All thermal insulating materials used within any building shall, when tested in accordance with BS 476: Part
4, be classified non-combustible. Alternatively, thermal insulation materials used within any building may be
non-combustible with a facing of combustible material providing the facing is not more than 0.8 mm thick and
has a Class 1 Surface Spread of Flame when tested in accordance with BS 476: Part 7. Thermal insulating
materials used within any building shall be free from substances, which in the event of a fire would generate
appreciable quantities of smoke, noxious toxic fumes.
The selection of insulation material shall be a function of cost, local environment and the application
depending on whether it is to inhibit freezing, conserve energy, protect personnel, prevent condensation or
control process temperatures. Insulation materials and their finishes shall be free from asbestos. The use of
polyisobutylene or aluminium facing sheets shall not be required for removable jackets manufactured from
PVC or silicone.
601.10.2 Mechanical Protection

Where insulation is applied to pipework within one metre of finished ground level it shall have additional
protection against mechanical damage as appropriate to the work activities in the area e.g. grasscutting,
strimming, mobile plant movement, etc. The additional protection shall be robust enough to withstand all
anticipated collisions, abrasions etc which may occur during normal operation, and will normally consist of
aluminium cladding or galvanised steel wire mesh.
601.10.3 Hot Pipes - Impermeable Class 'O' Finishes - Internal

Rigid pre-formed pipe sections of insulation shall be used. The longitudinal lap shall be secured with a
suitable adhesive, and matching Class Ò' tape in accordance with BS 476, 100mm wide used to cover the
butt ends. Four 20 mm wide aluminium bands shall be applied per section. Where the Class Ò' finish is site
applied each unfaced section of insulation shall be fixed using four turned-in galvanised wire ties prior to
applying the finish.
Bends and fittings shall be insulated in a similar way using carefully cut and shaped sections.
601.10.4 Hot Pipes - Stucco Aluminium Finish - Internal

Rigid pre-formed unfaced pipe sections of insulation shall be used secured with four turned-in galvanised
wire ties per section. Stucco embossed aluminium sheet finish shall then be fitted and secured with rivets on
longitudinal and circumferential overlaps at a minimum of 100mm centres.
Bends and fittings shall be insulated in a similar way using carefully cut and shaped sections. Aluminium
thickness shall be at least 0.6mm on pipework up to 50mm diameter and at least 0.8mm above this size.
601.10.5 Hot Pipes - Polyisobutylene Finish - External

Rigid pre-formed pipe sections of insulation shall be used, secured with four turned-in galvanised wire ties
per section prior to applying the finish. Polyisobutylene sheet shall then be applied, not less than 0.8mm
thick, overlapped by at least 50mm in all directions and fixed with a suitable adhesive or welding agent.
Page 27
Bands of polyisobutylene 50mm wide shall then be applied over the finish at 300mm centres.
Bends and fittings shall be insulated in a similar way using carefully cut and shaped sections.
The whole installation shall provide a waterproof finish.
601.10.6 Cold Pipes - Class 'O' Finish

Cold pipes shall be insulated generally as hot pipes, but paying particular attention to ensuring the continuity
of vapour seal.
601.10.7 Cold Pipes - Stucco Aluminium Finish

Insulation shall be generally as for Class Ò' finish above, but with the addition of stucco embossed
aluminium sheeting secured by 20mm wide aluminium bands at 300mm centres. Pop rivets or screws shall
not be used, and care must be taken not to perforate the vapour seal.
Aluminium thickness shall be as for hot pipes.
601.10.8 Cold Pipes - Polyisobutylene Finish - External

Insulation shall be generally as for hot pipes with similar finish but with particular care taken not to perforate
the vapour seal.
601.11 TESTING AT MANUFACTURER’S WORKS AND ON SITE

Pipework and fittings shall be type tested in accordance with the relevant British Standard and supplied by
the manufacture as a standard item. Where a special fabrication is required this shall be subject to particular
pressure testing requirements which shall be specified.
Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water and sewerage applications shall be tested in
accordance with BS EN 545 and EN 598, respectively. The latter (in respect of sewerage applications) shall
only be applicable for pipes, fittings and accessories operating at pressures which do not normally exceed 6
bar which are manufactured with socketed, flanged or spigot ends for jointing by various types of gaskets.
For higher pressure applications or systems outside the scope of the aforementioned standards, pressurised
pipework systems shall be pressure tested prior to being put into service in accordance with HSE Guidance
Note GS4. Hydraulic testing (pressure testing using a liquid) shall be used wherever practicable. Pneumatic
testing should only be carried out when hydraulic testing is not practicable, for instance where the interior of
the pressure equipment will be contaminated by the hydraulic test medium. Where standard pressure tests
are required the test shall be carried out at the allowable site-test pressure (PEA) as defined in BS EN 545 or
at a pressure 1.5 times the allowable operating pressure (PFA) as defined in BS EN 545, whichever is lower.
For the purposes of application, the PFA value shall be taken to be the same as the design pressure of the
pipe i.e. typically 16 bar for PN16 pipe, 25 bar for PN25 pipe etc. Where the term ‘maximum working
pressure’ is used it shall be taken to refer to PFA. The tests shall be carried out, after making safe all items
of equipment that may be damaged by such tests.
601.12 TANKS, VESSELS AND RECEIVERS
601.12.1 General
The capacity, location, material of construction, corrosion protection systems etc., shall be selected to suit
the particular application and the contents to be stored.
Tanks shall be designed in accordance with the relevant BS as appropriated, using an adequate factor of
safety, and constructed in accordance with sound engineering practice.
Page 28
Testing of pressure vessels to BS 5169 shall be carried out at the manufacturer's works, with the test
pressures permanently stamped on to the outside of the vessel such that they are clearly visible and test
certificates shall be provided.
Statutory Instrument 1999 No. 2001The Pressure Equipment Regulations 1999 applies.
All pressure Systems shall be CE marked and the declaration of conformity shall be included in the
Operating and Maintenance Manual, along with details of the system and safe working pressures and factory
test and inspection certificates.
Documentation to indicate compliance with Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 shall be provided for
all pressure systems. The design of tanks and silos shall take full account of the variability in the properties
of the stored material. Where access to roofs is required for routine operation and maintenance of the plant
they shall be designed as maintenance platforms and shall be equipped with handrailing and toe boards.
Design loads shall be determined in accordance with the following:-

BS 6399 Part 2 Code of practice for wind loads;
BS 6399 Part 1 Code of Practice for dead and imposed loads;
BS 6399 Part 3 Code of Practice for imposed roof loads;
The design shall also take full account of the following loading conditions:-
cyclic loading due to the filling/discharging routine;
eccentric loading due to uneven filling/discharging of solid products.
The following design codes shall be used where applicable:-
BS 417 Part 2 - Specification for galvanised low carbon steel tanks, cisterns and
cylinders;
BS 799 Part 5 - Specification for Oil Storage Tanks;
BS 1564 Specification for pressed steel sectional rectangular tanks;
BS EN 12285 Horizontal cylindrical single skin and double skin tanks:;
BS EN 14015 Specification for manufacture of vertical steel welded storage tanks with butt
welded shells;
BS 4994 Specification for the design and construction of vessels and tanks in reinforced
plastics;
BS 5169 Specification for fusion welded steel air receivers;
PD 5500 Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels;
DIN 4119 Above ground Cylindrical Flat Bottomed Tank Installations of Metallic Structures.
Tank capacities shall allow for free expansion of the product when filled to their rated capacities. A minimum
of 5% ullage volume shall be provided. Level indicating or control devices shall be fitted to prevent overfilling.
All tanks shall be adequately vented to prevent pressure or vacuum in excess of the tank design parameters.
Foundations should ensure good drainage, to prevent corrosion of the tank base, and to permit the minimum
amount of settlement. Pipe connections to tanks shall be designed to accommodate any settlement or
expansion. Isolation valves shall be fitted to all product connections and drains as close as practicable to the
tank shell.
Manholes shall be provided in the roof or shell of all tanks large enough to permit man entry wearing full
protective clothing. On vertical tanks over 6 m in diameter or horizontal tanks over 4 m long, a minimum of
one inspection manhole shall be provided in the top/roof and one man-entry manhole in the shell or end.
Manholes for man-entry shall not be less than 800mm in diameter. Wherever practicable, manholes for man-
entry to tall or hopper bottomed tanks shall be positioned in the vertical side of the tank to minimise the
length of (portable) ladder required inside the tank to descend to the floor for inspections or maintenance.
Means of access or escape from tank roofs in the form of fixed ladders or stairs shall be provided. Manhole
covers in the side of tanks should be hinged where they are in excess of 25kg so that they can be easily
swung to the side to facilitate access. A securing arrangement shall be provided to prevent inadvertent
reclosure during access operations.
External metal tanks shall be earthed with separate connections to two independent electrodes.
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Tanks containing hazardous chemicals, fuel oil or environmentally harmful liquids shall be bunded. The
bund capacity shall be 10% larger than that of the tank. Every part of the tank, all valves and pipework,
including the fill valve, shall be within the bund. No pipework shall pass through the bund wall.
Tank support structures in bunded areas shall be manufactured from a suitable material that is resistant to
the chemical stored such that no deterioration of the support structure shall take place due to spillage,
leakage etc.
All tanks, vessels and receivers shall be approved, inspected and certified as safe at all stages of the design
and construction necessary to satisfy the relevant legislation. This may require to be independently verified
by an Approved Inspection Authority. The costs associated with inspection and certification shall be included
in the contract.
601.12.2 Glass Coated Steel Tanks
601.12.2.1 General
The tank walls shall be formed from curved steel plate panels, bolted together and shall be designed to
transmit the forces in the walls through the bolted joints between panels. Steel plate for the bolted panels
shall be to BS1449 or BS EN 10025.
Tanks shall be constructed in accordance with Water Industry Specification WIS 4-25-01.
601.12.2.2 Tank Base
The tank base shall be a reinforced concrete slab.
601.12.2.3 Attachment of Walls to Base
Base angles shall be bolted to the bottom sheets of the tank wall and shall extend around the perimeter of
the tank.
The base angles shall be set into a rebate prepared in the cast concrete slab and fixed to the concrete slab
by chemical anchor bolts. The rebate shall be flushed filled with a non-shrink grout after installation.
Fixing bolts into the reinforced concrete base shall be not less than 20mm diameter and shall be hot-dip
galvanised.
601.12.2.4 Protective Coating
The protective coating applied to the steel plates shall be either glass, epoxy powder or epoxy liquid (paint).
The protective coating system shall have a minimum design life to first maintenance of 20 years.
The method of application of the protective coating shall ensure that the specified thicknesses are achieved
to the edges of the plate and similar locations.
Cutting of holes in the panels for connection of the nozzles or any other fixtures or fittings shall be carried out
prior to the application of the protective coating. No cutting or drilling of panels or reaming of holes shall be
permitted on site.
601.12.2.5 Glass Coatings
The installed glass coating shall be in accordance with BS7793: Part 2.
The coating shall be impervious to moisture and be flexible up to the elastic limit of the base metal.
Repairs to the coating shall be able to be carried out at site.
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601.12.2.6 Epoxy Powder Coatings
Epoxy powder coatings shall be in accordance with Water Industry Specification (WIS) 4-52-01 and the
coating manufacturer’s recommendations.
Prior to application of the coatings the substrate needs careful preparation. Each plate shall have all traces
of oil and grease removed by immersion in an appropriate cleansing solution. Surfaces shall be completely
dry before proceeding with any subsequent operations. Immediately prior to the coating application, the
surface shall be re-examined to check for any surface contamination by dust particles. Any particles shall be
removed with a tack rag.
After the surface preparation procedure, a primer shall be applied to ensure a positive key for the epoxy
powder.
The epoxy powder coating shall be applied so as to result in a holiday free surface with a minimum finished
dry film thickness of 120 microns each side. Where more than one coating is required to achieve minimum
thickness, then each individual coating shall be applied and cured at the recommended temperature prior to
the next. The powder coatings shall be applied electrostatically.
The final coat on the external surface of the plates may be a powder polyester type in order to obtain the
required surface finish.
601.12.2.7 Epoxy Liquid Coatings (Paint)
Epoxy liquid coatings shall be in accordance with WIMES 4.01 Protective Coatings for Use in the Water
Industry.
Surface preparation and coatings shall comply with the relevant table for the environment as specified by the
designer in the aforementioned document.
601.12.2.8 Sealant
A full-width one-part polyurethane sealant shall be applied between panel sections. Sealant shall exude
along all edges of the lap and be trimmed to a neat continuous fillet covering and protecting the edge faces
of the panel.
The sealing arrangement proposed between the tank and base structure shall comply with the following:-
a) Remain flexible when in continuous operation over the operational temperature range specified
on the data sheet;
b) be resistant to hardening and cracking;
c) be resistant to degradation by ozone and ultraviolet light;
d) be resistant to degradation by contained fluid;
e) not swell or degrade in use;
f) be essentially solid and contain no plasticisers or extenders that could cause shrinkage due to
weathering.
601.12.2.9 Bolted Joints
Bolt heads shall be encapsulated with polypropylene to completely seal the bolt from the fluid within the tank.
601.12.3 Roof Design
601.12.3.1 General
The roof shall be constructed from Steel Plating or Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) as appropriate. The roof
shall be designed to accommodate the tolerances of the tank and all loads imposed during handling,
construction, transportation, erection and installation.
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To prevent over stressing during mechanical handling, designated lifting points shall be provided and these
points identified with permanent notices.
If any plant contained inside a tank cannot be withdrawn through a standard man-access opening then at
least one section of the tank shell or roof shall be removable without disturbing the integrity of the rest of the
tank. The removeable section of the tank shall be large enough to permit the removal of any plant contained
therein. The removable section shall have its own independent lifting points and a demonstrated method of
removal.
Fixings shall be manufactured from stainless steel or other suitable material that is resistant to corrosion
effects of both the stored material and the external environment, and shall provided with suitable isolation
washers where appropriate.
The roof shall be designed for ‘access’ as defined in BS 6399: Part 3. Where access to an area is specified
it shall be designed to meet the loading requirements as defined in BS 6399 Part 3. The accessible area
shall have a non-slip walkway and shall be provided with handrailing. The roof shall also be designed to
accommodate all equipment associated with the tank or roof, e.g. supports for internal equipment, pipework,
ventilation ducts, openings and flush set-in branches etc.
601.12.3.2 Roof Loads
Tank roofs shall be designed to accommodate loads as specified in BS 6399: Parts 1 and 3.
Localised loads arising from the use of lifting frames or davits for equipment retrieval during maintenance
shall also be allowed for.
Deflection shall not exceed 1/150 of the unsupported span under the action of loading. Any deflections
under any imposed load shall not affect the leak-tightness of the cover seams or joints.
601.12.3.3 GRP Material
Where GRP is specified, this shall be manufactured in accordance with BS4549 Part 1, with a minimum
Glass Reinforced Content of 25-30%. Mechanical properties shall be in accordance with British Water Code
of Practice (BW:COP.22.06) – Fibre Reinforced Plastics for use in Water and Effluent Treatment.
Reinforcing material shall be either E or C type glassmat in accordance with BS EN 14118 for chopped
strand and continuous filament mat, BS 3749 for woven glass fibre roving fabrics or BS EN 14020 for textile
glass rovings as appropriate.
All non-GRP materials shall be fully encapsulated within the GRP laminate.
The GRP shall be biologically inert, have in-built corrosion resistance and be UV stabilised to resist extremes
of sunlight. It shall maintain its mechanical properties throughout the temperature range specified.
Exterior surfaces shall have a smooth semi-gloss finish. Interior surfaces shall have a rippled resin rich finish
(flowcoat). Surface finishes shall be chemically resistant Isophthalic Polyester resins to BS3532. All drilled,
cut or otherwise exposed edges shall be sealed with polyester resin.
There shall be no crazing of the gel coats or resin rich layers.
On moulded and corrosion resistant surfaces Resin Dry Areas may be accepted, provided they do not
exceed 6mm in diameter, if made good. Not more than 0.5% of the surface area shall be so affected.
On all other surfaces Resin Dry Areas shall be repaired.
On moulded and corrosion resistant surfaces scratches not exceeding 0.5mm deep may be accepted without
repair providing no glass fibres are exposed.
The total extent of the scratching shall not exceed 200 mm length per metre squared or where small
scratches are grouped together, the affected area shall not exceed 1% of the surface area. No repairs are
acceptable.
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On all other surfaces scratches may be repaired provided that the structural integrity of the laminate is not
impaired.
On moulded and corrosion resistant surfaces voids not exceeding 2mm diameter and 1mm deep may be
repaired provided that the voids do not occur in discrete clusters and the sum of the area of clusters does not
exceed 0.5% of the total moulding area.
On other surfaces, voids may be repaired provided they do not exceed more than 20% of the laminate
thickness and not more than 3% of the surface area is affected.
There shall be no apparent cracking, including star cracking of any surfaces.
There shall be no fibres protruding from the surface of the laminates. Wrinkles and undulations shall be
gradual and the surface shall be continuous at such locations.
Any such defects shall not be greater than 3mm in depth or a quarter of the laminate thickness, whichever is
smaller. Such defects shall not appear extensively on single mouldings nor shall they be repeated
throughout a production run.
There shall be no visible extraneous inclusions other than permitted fillers or aggregates.
There shall be no visible delamination.
The electrical resistance of the covers shall be greater than 20 Mega-ohms measured as follows:-
Cover parallel to the plane of the sheet;
Cover normal to the plane of the sheet;
A sample casting of the resin.
601.12.4 Testing
601.12.4.1 Testing of Glass Coating (Continuity)
The internal and external panel surfaces shall be tested using a high voltage tester to guarantee a pin-hole
free surface. Inspection shall be carried out using a sampling procedure complying with BS 6001: Part 1.
Any panel having any discontinuities shall be rejected. The tester shall be calibrated, using a calibration
instrument having an accuracy of ± 1%, such that the voltage at the test probe is 1000 Volts. The tester shall
have a valid calibration record.
601.12.4.2 Measurement Coating Thickness
The thickness of the tank coating, shall be measured using an approved instrument suitable for a
measurement range of 0-500 microns which is regularly checked against a calibration standard. Inspection
shall be performed using a sampling procedure complying with BS 6001: Part 1.
The range of acceptable coating thickness is specified in the Mechanical Technical Schedule. All panels
with coating thicknesses outside these limits shall be rejected.
601.12.4.3 Hydrostatic Testing
The tanks shall be tested for water-tightness after completion of construction in accordance with Scottish
Water Specification Section 502 Civil Engineering Specification for the Water Industry.
Notwithstanding the satisfactory completion of the above test, any leakage visible on the outside faces of the
tanks shall be stopped. Any caulking or making good shall be carried out from the inside of the tank.
601.12.5 Protection During Transit And Storage

All panel edges shall be protected following manufacture to prevent rusting prior to installation.
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Panels shall be protected against damage during transportation handling and storage.
To ensure the uniformity of curvature the plates shall be delivered on a rigid former.
601.12.6 Stainless Steel Storage Tanks

Tanks and fittings shall be designed, constructed and tested to BS EN 12285 or BS EN 14015 for horizontal
or vertical tanks as appropriate. The tanks shall be suitable for a minimum working pressure of 2 bar. The
tanks shall be constructed in 1.4436 (316 high molybdenum) grade stainless steel to BS EN 10088: Part 2.
A minimum permissible shell thickness of 3mm shall be provided.
Suitable freeboard shall be provided above the maximum working level within the tank. The maximum liquid
surface level below the point of entry of any penetrations intended to be ‘dry’ shall not be less than 100mm.
The tank shall be uncoated internally and externally.
The following fittings shall be included:-

a) 800 mm diameter man-entry manhole complete with portable cover situated in the top of the tank;
b) local indication of liquid level to be given at a position where it can be easily read during delivery;
c) filling point connected at the top of the tank and terminating in a 150 mm long stub pipe within the
tank incorporating anti-siphoning holes to prevent liquid running down the internal surfaces. Wear
plates shall be provided to reinforce areas of impingement;
d) outlet pipe situated in the lower end of the tank flush with the tank base;
e) drain pipe situated at lowest point in the tank complete with isolating valve and lockable captive end
cap;
f) vent pipe connection situated at high level in the tank;
g) stainless steel support saddles or legs;
h) lifting lugs.
601.12.7 Reinforced Plastic Tanks

Reinforced plastic tanks shall comply with either BS 4994 (Specification for design and construction of
vessels and tanks in reinforced plastics), or the Din DVS 2205 (Design calculations for vessels made of
thermoplastics) and materials of construction shall be suitable for the contents to be stored.
For large tanks provided with a roof, the roof section shall be designed as a maintenance platform and
guarded by hand railing and toe boards. The roof shall be designed to support an imposed load in
accordance with BS 6399 : Part 1 (Code of Practice for dead and imposed loads), for roofs where access is
provided. The roof shall be provided with manway access and air vent point as a minimum requirement
A caged safety ladder where appropriate, shall be designed in accordance with BS 4211. For ladders
requiring intermediate platforms to conform with this standard, the platforms where possible shall be
positioned at equal intervals from each other and at the top and bottom. The roof shall be conically shaped
and shall be fitted with lifting lugs fully incorporated in the main structure, a 800mm diameter manhole
access point, instrument mounting points, air blower connections and an air vent point.
The tank shall be provided with an overflow, piped to ground level, and an inlet terminating above the
overflow point to avoid back flow. An outlet and a drain point shall be provided at low level.
601.12.8 Bulk Fuel Storage Tanks (> than 5m3)

Bulk fuel storage tanks shall comply with WIMES 3.06 Diesel Powered Generator Sets and Installations.
The tanks shall be constructed in mild steel and the fittings from materials which exclude:-
a) Yellow brass, including low grade alloys of copper and zinc;
b) Lead and zinc;
c) Galvanised metals;
d) Natural rubber.
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Suitable freeboard shall be provided above the maximum working level within the tank. The maximum fuel
surface level below the point of entry of the vent shall not be less than 100mm. The internal surfaces shall
be cleaned and treated with temporary preservative, soluble in fuel oil, before shipment. External surfaces
shall be protected in accordance with above Specification.
The following fittings shall be included:-

a) a minimum of one 600 mm diameter inspection manhole and one 800 mm diameter manhole
complete with portable covers situated in the top of the tank complete with ladders to the interior;
b) dipstick, calibrated in litres with guide tube and striker plate;
c) local indication of fuel level incorporating shut-off cocks, sight glass and contents gauge with digital
readout to be given at a position where it can be easily read during fuel delivery.
d) filling pipework and fittings complete with isolation valve and captive end cap. The filling point to be
at the top of tank to prevent siphoning with the coupling approximately 700 mm above ground level;
e) outlet pipe situated at the raised end of the tank not less than 150 mm above tank bottom, complete
with check valve, isolating valve and end cap;
f) drain pipe situated at lowest point in tank complete with isolating valve and captive lockable end cap;
g) inlet fittings for overflow pipe from daily service tank or tanks;
h) vent pipe situated at high level in the tank. The pipe shall rise continuously from the tank and
terminate with an inverted Ù' bend and vermin screen;
i) external ladder and platforming for horizontal tanks more than 2 m high;
j) plate describing contents;
k) lifting lugs.
601.12.9 Surge Vessel

Vessels shall be used to protect pipelines and associated equipment from damage due to hydraulic surge
pressures and be designed for a minimum pressure of 1.25 times the maximum surge pressure.
Vessels shall be designed, constructed and tested to the requirements of BS 5500: Unfired Fusion Welded
Pressure Vessels. After fabrication internal and external vessel surfaces shall be protected from corrosion.
The Contractor shall make all arrangements for an independent Inspection Authority to approve the design
and witness all workshop tests. On satisfactory completion of the vessel, the supplier shall provide an
Inspection Certificate, endorsed by the Inspection Authority, to verify that the vessel meets all the
requirements of PD 5500.
Air charged vessels shall be equipped as follows:-

a) saddle supports for horizontal mounting, support legs for vertical mounting; holding down bolts shall
be supplied;
b) access or inspection openings provided in accordance with the requirements of BS 470;
c) air pressure gauge fitted with an isolating cock and calibrated to indicate normal and maximum safe
working pressure;
d) air replenishment valve and fittings for connection of an air compressor;
e) two level alarms covering the working range of water level in the vessel to indicate the minimum and
maximum water levels;
f) sight glass complete with isolating and drain cocks;
g) pressure relief valve to be set to operate at the design pressure;
h) drain valve;
i) lifting lugs;
j) flanged fittings for connection to the pipeline and accessories, including isolating valves and bypass
with reflux valve as necessary;
k) frost protection equipment.
A means of charging the surge vessel shall be provided. This shall normally be a portable compressor with
flexible connections, however where size prohibits the use of a portable compressor, a dedicated fixed
compressor shall be provided.
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601.12.10 Diaphragm Type Vessel

The vessel shall be fitted with a replaceable flexible butyl diaphragm suitable for use with potable water. The
flexible diaphragm shall be designed to match the nominal capacity of the tank and contain the water. The
air volume shall be retained between the diaphragm and the vessel walls.
Diaphragm type vessels shall be equipped as for an air charged vessel except that item (d) is changed to
read:-
"Air bleed valve for controlled release of air or nitrogen"

A means of charging the surge vessel shall be provided. This shall normally be a portable compressor with
flexible connections, however where size prohibits the use of a portable compressor, a dedicated fixed
compressor shall be provided.
601.12.11 Air Receivers

Air receivers for the storage of compressed air shall be either horizontally or vertically mounted, cylindrical
and constructed to BS EN 286-1.
The air receiver should be sized (in litres) to be at least six to ten times the compressor free air output (in
litres/second) in accordance with the Carbon Trust Good Practice Guide reference GPG385 'Energy Efficient
Compressed Air Systems' and shall include the following fittings and equipment:-..................
A copy of the guide can be found here - http://www.bcas.org.uk/pdf/carbontrust/GPG385.pdf.
The above change will take effect at the next release of the Standards and Specifications, until which the
waiver process should be used.
a) Air relief valve;

b) Pressure gauge;
c) Drain valve;
d) Air line connections;
e) Pressure switch for automatic control of compressor;
f) Support legs or cradles with holding down bolts;
g) Hand hole or manhole depending on size.
601.12.12 Silos
Silos shall be fabricated at the manufacturer's works and delivered to site fully assembled. Surfaces shall be
protected from corrosion..
The steelwork design shall comply with one of the following documents, either:-
BS 5950 Structural use of steelwork in building, Parts 1 and 2;

or
BS 449 The use of structural steel in building, Part 2.
Materials used in the construction shall comply with the following documents where appropriate:-
BS 1449 Steel plate, sheet and strip, Part 1;
BS 7668 Specification for weldable structural steels. Hot finished structural hollow sections in
weather resistant steels
BS EN 10029 Specification for tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates
3 mm thick or above
BS EN 10113 Hot-rolled products in weldable fine grain structural steels.
BS EN 10210 Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural steels.
All bolted connections shall be designed using high strength friction grip bolts in accordance with the
following documents:-
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BS 4604 Specification for the use of high friction grip bolts in structural steelwork. Metric series,
Part 1 : 1970, Part 2 and Part 3.
Welded connection shall be designed in accordance with the following documents:-
BS EN 1011 Welding. Recommendations for welding of metallic materials.
The roof section of the silos shall be designed as a maintenance platform and guarded by handrailing and
toe boards. The roof shall be accessed by means of a caged safety ladder from ground level designed in
accordance with BS 4211. For ladders requiring intermediate platforms to conform with this standard, the
platforms where possible shall be positioned at equal intervals from each other and the top and bottom.
Each silo roof shall be fitted with a manhole with cover, a pressure relief valve, a high level sensor of the
rotating paddle type and a bag filter unit. The bag filter unit shall be fitted with mechanically actuated
shaking gear to dislodge dust accumulated on the filter material (the mechanical shaker shall be actuated
before the contents are delivered to the silo). In addition to the filter unit, seals shall be incorporated around
the manhole cover, the pressure relief valve and any other access points to contain dust.
The silo shall be filled via a 100 mm line with unicone coupling. To avoid the contents settling in the delivery
line and subsequently consolidating, horizontal runs shall be avoided. At high level the delivery line shall be
fed tangentially into the silo.
Load cells shall be fitted to the silo. Associated equipment necessary to process and transmit a signal
proportional to the weight of each silo shall be provided. Compensation shall be made for wind loads for
external silos.
Each silo shall be fitted with twin wedge shaped discharge outlets at the bottom of the silos. The width of the
throat shall exceed the maximum bridging length for particular contents under all operating conditions and
shall allow uniform discharge from the silo hoppers to the metering conveyors. A slide plate shall be fitted to
the bottom of each hopper to isolate the silo for maintenance purposes.
Aeration pads shall be fitted to the discharge outlet hoppers to overcome any additional consolidation which
may occur after periods of plant shut down. The period of operation of the aeration pads shall be limited to
avoid excessive discharge rates.
A control station shall be installed adjacent to each silo recharge fill point to include the following:-
a) manual push to run switch for bag filter mechanical shaker;
b) visual and audible silo high level alarms;
c) silo contents weight indication.
During filling these indications shall be visible to the tanker driver.
Where specified, silos shall be equipped with an overfill protection system utilising pneumatically operated
ball valves complete with open and closed limit switches. The silo will be monitored by an environmental
protection controller which will monitor and protect the silo from over-pressurisation and over-filling during
silo filling by tanker.
601.13 STATIC MIXER

The mixer, having no moving parts, shall blend and disperse all material capable of flowing by re-directing
the flow patterns present in the pipe or channel.
All material in the flow shall be continuously and completely mixed to eliminate radial gradients in
temperature, velocity and material composition.
The degree of mixing shall be measured in terms of Coefficient of Variation (CoV), which is the ‘ratio of
standard deviation of component concentration to its mean concentration’.
The mixer shall achieve a CoV of 0.05 by the time the flow reaches the downstream sample take-off point
(whether integral or separate) for all flow conditions.
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The mixer may use helical or vortex inducing features to promote mixing. Selection of the mixer shall be
made on the basis of pressure drop, length and cost to achieve the prescribed CoV
Processes requiring a very low pressure loss shall make use of the vortex inducing design, where
practicable.
Mixers shall be provided with a minimum of two connections for dosing points and sample points.
Mixers shall be designed to be installed in sections into an existing pipe or channel. If welding is required,
techniques consistent with WIMES 4.01 Protective Coatings shall be employed to make good damage to
corrosion protection systems.
601.13.1 Materials
The mixers have the potential to be used in processes involving pH adjustment, coagulation, disinfection and
dechlorination for example. The materials of construction; which may be epoxy coated carbon steel,
stainless steel, alloys or plastics, shall be selected to be compatible with the intended service conditions.
601.13.2 Testing
Factory type test certification shall be provided to confirm the mixing performance specified.
The mixer housing shall be hydrostatically pressure tested and certified in line with commissioning
standards.
601.14 SUBMERSIBLE PROPELLER MIXERS
601.14.1 Propeller
Propeller type mixers shall not be used where excessive rags, fibrous matter, etc., may be contained in the
process fluid. The use of proprietary mixer pumps, suitable for handling such matter, shall be considered
instead.
601.14.2 Mechanical Seals

Direct drive units – two independent mechanical seals to be provided.
Geared Units – outer seal to be a mechanical seal. Gearbox / motor sealing components to be selected to
achieve the stated service interval.
601.14.3 Motor Protection Devices

Where motor protection devices are specified, any interposing relays or control modules required for control
interfacing shall also be supplied.
601.14.4 Mixer Guide / Support System

Support system to be designed to withstand all dynamic load conditions with the mixer in operation without
transmitting excessive vibration to adjacent structures.
Where the mixer is to be installed in a glass lined steel tank, an independent support system shall be
provided. The mixer support system shall not be fixed to the tank wall unless it is fixed at the tank
manufacturer’s premises prior to the application of the glass coating. .
601.14.5 Lifting Devices

The lifting system shall be designed to ensure that the mixer can be removed without entering the tank.
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Each mixer shall be fitted with suitable lifting equipment and accessories in accordance with clauses 601.20
and 601.21. Where suitable, stainless steel lifting chains meeting the Scottish Water specification should be
supplied.
601.15 AGITATORS
Agitator drive shall be designed for the required environment and shall be classed as one of the following
types:-
• Complete Uniformity
All of the particles at all size fractions are uniformly suspended through the tank. Such a level of
suspension would typically be required where solids have to be continuously fed into and withdrawn from
the mixing tank.
• Complete Off-Bottom Motion
All the particles are moving with some vertical velocity off the tank bottom. Such a level of suspension
might well be used in the storage of a slurry where failure to suspend particles could result in the
formation of a compacted sediment that is not easily re-suspended.
• Non-Progressive Fillets
Relatively quiet areas in the tank where solids have deposited, but the fillets of solid are stable and not
increasing in size. These fillets may be of a different composition from the average spread of particle
sizes in the feed stream and would typically contain the most rapidly settling particles.
Any exceptions to the above classification shall be listed individually together with justification for changes to
the above philosophy.
The agitator shall be able to satisfactorily re-suspend solids even after the contents of the vessel have been
allowed to settle for up to 24 hours.
The overall design shall facilitate ease of replacement of impeller, shaft and seal arrangement.
All lifting points shall be clearly indicated on the equipment and on any packaging.
The agitator drive motor shall comply with WIMES 3.03 as amended by Scottish Water.
601.15.1 Agitator
Where the agitator design requires the incorporation of stabilising fins the method of impeller fabrication and
mounting shall take into account the need for stabilising fins.
Shafts shall be constructed of sections not exceeding 7.0m in length. Tubular shafts shall be fully sealed.
Shaft couplings shall be designed to transmit full load torque.
There shall be a margin of at least 20% between any torsional critical speed and the running speed of the
agitator.
Provision shall be made for lifting and supporting the agitator motor and gearbox during maintenance.
601.15.2 Side Entry Agitators

Side entry agitators shall be provided with mechanical shaft seals which shall be lubricated by the product.
The seal shall be designed to operate effectively for either direction of rotation.
A positive method of seal shut-off shall be provided to facilitate seal maintenance when the tank is full. The
shut-off device shall be capable of being locked when shut to avoid accidental or vibrational release. Where
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the shut-off device incorporates an elastomeric seal, the seal shall be secured in such a way that it cannot
suffer mechanical or chemical damage or be displaced during use.
Side entry agitator components shall be designed to fit through the vessel manhole openings with the
minimum of disassembly.
Side entry agitators shall be supported from the agitated tank / vessel wall.
601.15.3 Bearings And Seal

Any rotating assemblies shall be supported by radial and thrust bearings with a minimum L10L bearing life of
50,000 hours. Shaft bearings shall be capable of being lubricated from the outside while the machine is in
motion. The design shall be such as to exclude the ingress of solid particles and liquids.
601.15.4 Gear Assembly

Where speed reduction is required a single or two stage gear assembly shall be supplied and rated for
continuous service.
Gears shall be oil lubricated and the gear housing shall incorporate easily accessible fill, level and drain
plugs.
601.16 CONVEYORS AND ELEVATORS
601.16.1 General
The Contractor shall ensure that the design and manufacture meets the requirements of current safety
legislation including BS 5667 Specification for Continuous Mechanical Handling Equipment Safety
Requirements, and BS 7300 Code of Practice for Safeguarding of the Hazard Points on Troughed Belt
Conveyors.
Conveyor drives shall be continuously rated and shall withstand the working conditions arising from the siting
and use of the conveyor.
Conveyors for use in hazardous areas shall be fitted with belting complying with BS 3289.
601.16.2 Troughed Belt Conveyors

Fixed troughed belt conveyors shall be designed and constructed in accordance with BS 8438.
Where mobile or portable troughed belt conveyors are required these shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with BS 4531.
The conveyor shall incorporate a troughed belt having a width and running speed sufficient to remove the
maximum amount of materials to be deposited on to the conveyor.
Where inclined conveyors are required the angle of inclination shall not exceed 30˚ to the horizontal.
Conveyors shall be reversible for maintenance purposes (reverse ‘inching’ function).
Belt materials and fixings shall comply with BS 490 : Conveyor and Elevator Belting.
The belt drive shall consist of an electric motor transmission and drive pulley. The transmission shall
incorporate a reduction gearbox, direct coupled to the motor and with a chain and sprocket drive to the drive
pulley.
The drive pulley shall be crowned, and shall comply with the dimensions specified in the appropriate British
Standard. A snub pulley shall be provided to ensure adequate belt wrap on the drive pulley. The belt shall
be supported by three roll idlers at centre spacings to ensure that belt sag does not exceed 2% of belt span.
A take-up device shall be incorporated at the non-drive end to adjust belt tension. The pitch spacing of the
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idlers at the loading point shall be reduced to half the normal pitch. Return idlers shall be spaced at intervals
not exceeding 2.0m.
Where necessary conveyors shall be fitted with side plates to ensure the materials deposited are retained on
the belt. A drip tray shall be fitted below the belt to collect and return liquors to the sewage flow or site
drainage system.
A counter balanced scraper shall be provided at the discharge end having a renewable rubber blade
arranged to remove all materials adhering to the belt face.
The whole conveyor system shall be mounted on a steel support frame. Metal surfaces shall be galvanised
after fabrication or painted in accordance with WIMES 4.01 as required to give the 20 year design life.
A risk assessment shall be carried out to determine the requirement for all emergency stop devices and
actuators such that a safe system of work can be provided for all conveyers.
601.16.3 Screw Conveyors
601.16.3.1 General
Screw conveyors shall be designed for horizontal or inclined application as required.
Fixed screw conveyors shall be designed and constructed in accordance with BS 4409 Part 1.
Where mobile or portable screw conveyors are required these shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with BS 4409 Part 2.
The conveyor shall comprise a screw running in a totally enclosed steel fabricated Ù' section trough.
Dimensions of screw and trough shall comply with the appropriate British Standard. The top of the trough
shall be provided with a weatherproof top cover which shall be of the quick release / removable type.
The drive unit shall preferably be by geared motor via a chain and sprocket arrangement enclosed in a safety
guard and with the drive motor top mounted.
An inlet hopper shall be provided at the feed end, and a discharge chute equal to the full trough width shall
be provided at the point of discharge.
The screw, trough and covers shall be manufactured from carbon steel complying with BS 1449 Part 1 or
stainless steel complying with BS 1449 Part 2.
601.16.3.2 Screw Construction – Powder or Granular Materials
For screw conveyors conveying the following materials the screw(s) shall comprise a continuous flight
welded to a tubular centre shaft:-
• dry powders
• granular materials including wastewater grit
• dewatered sludge cake discharged from filter presses
• wastewater screenings for compaction
Each shaft shall be supported in end bearings of the sealed for life ball or roller type with secondary dust
seals. Where required centre bearings shall be fitted, together with suitable access through the trough to
allow replacement.
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601.16.3.3 Screw Construction – Damp or Fibrous Material
For screw conveyors conveying fibrous or damp and viscous materials which can be adhesive, the screw
shall consist of a shaftless screw rotating in a U-formed trough lined with replaceable liners. Replaceable
liners shall be manufactured from high wear resistant polyurethane or similar material. Conveyor screws of
the shaftless type shall be used for transfer of screenings but not for the compaction of screenings.
The drive unit for shaftless conveyors shall be located at the feed end.
Axial support bearings shall be provided at the non drive end. The drive end bearing shall be of the
combined radial and thrust type and sealed to prevent ingress of grit. The drive end bearing shall be
arranged for grease lubrication.
601.17 FANS, BLOWERS AND COMPRESSORS
601.17.1 General
The following generic definitions shall apply: -
Fan – a machine for moving large amounts of a gas with low increase in pressure.
Blower – a machine for moving volumes of a gas with moderate increase in pressure (typically < 1 bar)
Compressor – a machine for raising a gas, i.e. a compressible fluid, to a higher level of pressure (typically >
1 bar)
Gas displacement machines shall be rated for continuous operation at the specified duty with regard to
pressure, ambient temperature and volume requirements. Performance data shall be converted to Standard
Temperature and Pressure (STP) for comparison purposes.
Machine intakes shall be fitted with dry type replaceable air filters suitable for the external ambient
conditions.
Machine outlet connections shall be fitted with a non-return valve and discharge isolation valve. Positive
displacement machines shall be fitted with a pressure relief valve in accordance with BS EN ISO 4129.
Machine drives shall be by electric motors complying with the Engineering Specification. Belt drives shall be
V-belt type complying with BS 3790.
Bearings shall be the rolling element type.
All machines, motors, gearboxes etc., shall be mounted on robustly constructed bedplates.
Oil cooler fan and motor units shall be a reduced speed type to minimise noise.
Noise levels shall comply with details contained within Section 501.
601.17.2 Compressed Air Systems

Where compressed air is to be used for valve operation/instrumentation / control purpose the compressed air
system shall incorporate:-
a) an air compressor and accessories in accordance with the general section;
b) an air receiver between the compressor and point of use;
c) a desiccant air drier;
d) a ring main distribution system;
e) down pipes to point of use.
Air receivers shall comply with the requirements of this specification for tanks, vessels and receivers.
There shall be one desiccant air drier provided with a valved bypass for maintenance purposes. The
desiccant drier shall comply with BS 6754, and work on the principle of adsorption of the water vapour
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through a desiccant bed. Twin chambers, with automatic changeover shall be employed to permit
regeneration of the desiccant in one chamber while the other is drying the compressed air.
Distribution systems shall be laid with a minimum gradient of 1: 100 in the direction of air flow.
Compressed air delivery lines shall be fitted with an isolation valve, moisture trap, cartridge filter and
pressure regulator at each point of use. Down pipes shall be fitted with a drain valve at the lowest point.
601.17.3 Positive Displacement Air Compressors

Machines are suitable for high to medium pressures depending on type and for flows up to 10,000 Nm3/h.
(Note: - N here means Normal i.e. at normal temperature and pressure).
Typical applications include service air, gas mixing and air lift/air scour duties.
601.17.4 Reciprocating Air Compressors

The compressor unit shall comprise a reciprocating air compressor driven via a belt drive and electric motor
mounted on a robustly constructed common baseplate. A belt adjustment facility and guard shall be fitted.
The compressor shall be oil free, air or water cooled, reciprocating type fitted with automatic unloading
valves.
Machines shall be single stage, two stage or three stage to suit the duty required. Multistage machines shall
be water cooled with interstage cooling.
The cylinder heads shall be readily removable for inspection and maintenance. The cylinder shall be
designed to provide easy replacement and maximum cooling.
An air receiver complete with safety valve outlet isolation valve, drain valve pressure switch, pressure gauge
and controls shall be provided. The unit shall be complete with an intake silencer, filter unit and an
aftercooler where specified. The air intake filter shall be of the replaceable paper element type housed in a
metal retaining cage.
601.17.5 Rotary Blowers and Compressors
601.17.5.1 Air Blowers
Air Blowers shall comply with the requirements of Water Industry Mechanical And Electrical Specification
8.04 Air Blowers as amended by Scottish Water.
601.17.5.2 Sliding Vane Compressors
Rotary sliding vane compressors shall be oil lubricated, water cooled type suitable for continuous operation
under arduous conditions.
The machine shall be driven by an electric motor, which shall comply with WIMES 3.03, either direct coupled
or by V-belts.
The machines shall consist of cast iron casings, an eccentrically mounted forged steel rotor and shafts
running in ball or roller bearings. Sliding vanes shall be a fibre reinforced resin bonded material retained in
slots on the rotor which shall maintain a gas tight seal against the casing.
Oil lubrication shall be via a shaft driven oil pump, which lubricates the bearings and seals from an oil tank
mounted over the machine.
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601.17.5.3 Liquid Ring Compressors
Liquid ring compressors shall be driven via a V-belt by an electric drive motor, which shall comply with the
Engineering Specification, and mounted over the sealant reservoir. A belt guard and adjustment facility shall
be provided.
The compressor shall incorporate a shaft mounted multi-vane impeller fitted eccentrically within a cylindrical
casing. The casing shall be fitted with suction and discharge ports and shall be connected to a service water
supply in order to maintain the liquid sealing ring. Soft packed glands shall be provided.
601.17.5.4 Dynamic Air Displacement Machines
i) Single Stage Centrifugal Blowers
Machines shall be single stage packaged centrifugal blower units with integral gearbox, drive motor and full
oil lubrication system.
ii) Blower and Gearbox
The blower casing shall be split on the horizontal centreline.
The blower impellers shall be the shrouded backward curved vane type and shall be manufactured
from 13% chromium, stainless steel. The shaft shall be high grade forged steel. The complete
impeller and shaft assembly shall be statically and dynamically balanced. High speed bearings shall
be of the tilting pad and journal type. Low speed bearings shall be of the anti-friction ball / roller
type. Shaft seals shall be of the labyrinth type and shall be vented to atmosphere.
Gears shall be the single helical type and the reaction load shall be designed to minimise the
opposing impeller axial load on the pinion thrust bearing. The gears shall have an AGMA service
factor of not less than 1.7.
Inlet guide vane air flow control shall be used with guide vanes mounted radially about the inlet of
the blower. The vanes shall be actuated simultaneously via a single drive spindle, ring and linkage
system. Drive shall be by electric motor which shall comply with the Engineering Specification.
iii) Lubrication System
Lubrication oil shall be contained in a reservoir integral with the blower base. Cooling shall be via a
frame mounted oil / water heat exchanger. The Engineer will advise on the availability of clean water
and whether it can be discharged to the treatment works drainage system. Otherwise a water / air
radiator shall be provided. Depending on location anti-freeze may be necessary. An electrically
driven auxiliary oil pump shall be supplied together with duplex oil filters with manual changeover.
An immersion heater and thermostat shall be fitted to the sump. System priming shall be provided
by the auxiliary oil pump prior to compressor start up and the auxiliary oil pump shall re-start on
blower shut-down in order to provide post-run lubrication for a set period of time.
The blower unit shall shut-down on very low oil pressure. A gear type pump driven directly from the
gearbox, shall provide oil circulation under normal running conditions.
iv) Multistage Centrifugal Compressors
Multistage centrifugal compressors shall achieve high discharge pressure with low temperature rise and a
wide throttle range. The number of stages shall be determined by discharge pressure requirements.
Machines shall consist of an integrated package of motor, gearbox, compressor and lubrication system.
Each compressor stage shall comprise an impeller and pinion assembly driven from a single bull gear on the
input drive shaft.
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Air flow to each impeller stage shall be axial via internal passages with water cooled interstage cooling and
final after cooler.
a) Gearbox and Rotor Assemblies
The casing shall be vertically split to allow access to the intercoolers, and rotating assemblies.
Each rotor assembly shall consist of backward curved impeller blades matched with vaned diffusers
to provide maximum stage efficiency.
Impellers shall be manufactured from 13% chromium stainless steel. Each impeller shaft shall be
high grade forged steel fitted with carbon ring seals and tilting pad thrust bearings. The input shaft
bearing shall be fixed geometry plain type with pressure lubrication from a shaft driven oil pump.
Gears shall be the single helical type. The reaction load shall be designed to minimise the opposing
impeller axial load on the pinion thrust bearings. The gears shall have an AGMA service factor of
not less than 1.7.
b) Lubrication System
The lubrication system shall be as defined in elsewhere.
601.18 FANS AND DUCTWORK
601.18.1 General
Fans shall be sized to provide the required air volume at the point of use. The Contractor shall be
responsible for determining the fan performance requirements. Prior to delivery to site fans shall be tested in
accordance with BS 848.
Belt driven fans shall be fitted with V-belt drives complying with BS 3790. The drive shall be capable of
transmitting the rated motor output with provision for adjustment of belt tension.
Guards shall be provided for all unprotected inlets and outlets to fans, and fan belt drives. Guards shall be
galvanised steel wire mesh with apertures not greater than 12 mm attached to a rigid galvanised frame. Belt
guards shall be galvanised steel sheet and designed for easy removal for belt replacement. Access holes
shall be provided to allow tachometer readings to be taken from the fan and motor shaft, and for belt tension
to be checked.
Where protective coatings are specified for use with corrosive gases, the coating shall cover all contact
surfaces of the fan, motor and shaft.
Flame proof enclosures shall comply with the requirements of BS EN 60079.
601.18.2 Centrifugal Fans

Small centrifugal circulating fans shall comply with the requirements of BS 5060. Fans larger than 7.5kW
output shall be the backward bladed type having a total fan efficiency of not less than 78%.
Fan casings shall be constructed from steel sheet with angle stiffeners to ensure freedom from drumming
and to withstand the maximum differential pressure of the system. Casings shall allow fan impellers to be
withdrawn, their outlets shall be flanged and a drain plug shall be fitted at their lowest point.
Impellers shall be fabricated mild steel or aluminium with robust hubs, and shall be capable of running at
10% above normal operating speed.
Shaft bearings of single inlet fans shall be mounted on a common pedestal. Bearings shall be the ball or
roller type. Pedestal bearings shall be insulated from the fan casing.
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601.18.3 Axial and Propeller Fans

Axial flow fans shall be single stage or multistage with each impeller mounted on an independent motor to
suit the duty requirements.
Propeller fans may be ring mounted, diaphragm mounted or mounted in a casing.
Casings shall be rigidly constructed from mild steel stiffened and braced to obviate drumming and vibration.
Mounting feet shall be provided for bolting to the base or supports. Inlet and outlet ducts shall terminate in
flanged rings for easy removal. An inspection door shall be provided.
The length of the duct casing shall be greater than the length of fan and motor(s) to facilitate removal from
ductwork. Electrical connection to the motors shall be through an external terminal box secured to the
casing.
Impellers shall be steel or aluminium with the hub keyed to the drive shaft, and the assembly statically
balanced. Blades shall be of aerofoil section. Shafts shall be carried in ball or roller bearings. Lubrication
points shall be extended to the outside of the casing.
601.18.4 Ductwork
The design, manufacture and erection of ductwork shall be in accordance with the Heating and Ventilating
Contractors Association (HVCA) Codes of Practice.
DW/142 Galvanised and Stainless Sheet Steel Ductwork (low pressure Class A)
DW/151 Unplasticised Polyvinyl chloride and Polypropylene Ductwork
DW/191 Resin-bonded Glass Fibre Ductwork
The Contractor shall base his design on these codes as a minimum requirement.
The mean air velocity in any section of ductwork shall not exceed 10m/s and maximum static pressure
2
(positive or negative) shall not exceed 500N/m (500Pa).
Where flexible ductwork is required the internal diameter of the flexible duct shall be equal to the external
diameter of the adjoining ducts. Flexible ducts shall consist of a liner and cover of tough tear resistant fabric.
It shall be reinforced with a bonded galvanised spring steel wire helix between the liner and cover. An outer
helix of glass fibre cord shall ensure regular convolutions. Non-metallic materials shall comply with BS 476
Part 1 for Fire Resistance.
601.19 LIFTING EQUIPMENT
601.19.1 General Requirements

All work and equipment shall be such as to ensure that Scottish Water meets the requirements of the Lifting
Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) including any subsequent amendments.
A schedule of lifting equipment including serial numbers and test / declaration of conformity certificates shall
be submitted to Scottish Water, who will provide internal identification numbers for the equipment.
The Safe Working Load shall be clearly and indelibly marked on each item of lifting equipment
601.19.2 Test Certification

There shall be one birth certificate i.e. test certificate or declaration of conformity per item of lifting
equipment.
Where a test certificate is required this shall give details of the proof load tests and the examination
conducted on each item of lifting equipment certifying its fitness for safe use. It shall be annotated with
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details of the site where the equipment is located and its unique Scottish Water reference number and also
the serial number if it is marked on the equipment. The Scottish Water reference number shall be marked on
the equipment.
Where an item has been used prior to permanent installation, it shall be thoroughly examined by the
contractor in line with LOLER requirements, which shall include load testing by a certified operator. Such
equipment shall be overhauled if considered necessary by the Contractor prior to final handover to Scottish
Water.
All relevant documentation shall be included within the O&M Manual along with a copy of the Test Certificate.
601.19.3 Design Criteria – Application Considerations

All equipment shall be of adequate strength, sound material, good construction and suitable for the duty
which it is to perform, taking consideration of:-
f) total maximum weight of the load to be lifted;
g) the nature of the load to be lifted, and its principal dimensions which affect the lifting operation. In
particular, headroom, height of lift, transport when suspended, manipulation of suspended load, centre
of gravity, methods of attachment and external obstructions likely to be encountered;
h) adverse environmental conditions, including extremes of temperature, humidity, chemical attack
and/or corrosive atmospheres;
i) frequency of use and average loadings to enable expected life to be achieved
j) permanent access shall be designed into the installation to facilitate inspection and maintenance of
those parts requiring frequent attention. Where this is impracticable, means shall be provided to
attach temporary access. Access provision shall be subject to approval by Scottish Water.
601.19.4 Proof Load Test Certificate

Before use, all new Lifting Equipment shall be tested by the Contractor, who shall issue the original Proof
load Test Certificate/Certificate of Conformity to Scottish Water.
Scottish Water shall be notified prior to testing to enable independent inspection where required. On
successful completion of inspection an Inspection Tag shall be provided and attached prior to service
operation.
601.19.5 Storage
Storage facilities for lifting equipment shall be designed into schemes in order that any lifting equipment
supplied as part of the scheme, when not in use, can be stored in a safe manner and in an environment
which will not result in degradation of the equipment. The term 'storage' includes such things as lockable
cabinets, racks, bins.
Weather protection shall be provided for outside electric hoist motors.
601.19.6 Overhead Travelling Cranes

Where overhead travelling cranes are provided as a means of lifting plant items, the installation shall be to
the following minimum standard.
The cranes shall be designed in accordance with BS 2573. Runway beams shall comply with the
requirements of BS 2853. Cranes with electrically powered motions shall comply with BS 466 : Class 2
Medium duty operation unless otherwise specified. The term ‘crane’ shall be deemed to include gantry rails,
access maintenance platform, power collection, end stops and all other items required for a complete
installation.
Operation shall be from ground floor level. Hand chains shall loop 600mm above operating floor level, and
shall not require a force greater than 250N to operate at maximum load. Electrical control shall be by
pendant push-button, electrically and mechanically interlocked to prevent inadvertent operation of opposing
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controls. Wired pendants shall be supported independently of the electric cable. Inching facilities on all
motions shall be provided where accurate positioning of equipment is required.
Cranes shall be fitted with limit switches and mechanical end stops to prevent excess travel, over hoisting
and over lowering. All electrical motions shall be fitted with limit switches. All motors shall be of quick
reversing type with electro-mechanical brakes suitably sized for operation under the design conditions.
Festoon cables shall be used for all motions unless the length is greater than 20m or usage is high, when a
set of four shrouded conductors shall be used. In that case, the power collection equipment shall have
renewable contact pieces. Should the operating environment be particularly aggressive, festoon cables for
power collection shall be used. Two padlockable crane supply isolators shall be fitted, one on the crane
mounted control panel and the second at ground level to isolate the supply to the conductor rails. A "supply
on" light shall be fitted on both isolators.
601.19.7 Overhead Runway Beams

Overhead runway beams shall be designed in accordance with BS 2853.
The maximum deflection of the runway beams shall not exceed 1/500 of the span under the test load. All
beams shall have an even and level running surface particularly on the inside running flanges where
travelling trolleys are to be used. End stops shall be provided.
601.19.8 Lifting Blocks, Trolleys, Hooks, Ropes, Fall Arrest Systems

All lifting blocks, trolleys, hooks, ropes, etc., shall comply with the latest relevant British Standard. All hooks
shall be fitted with safety catches. All hooks on cranes and lifting blocks shall be fitted with swivel bearings.
The hook block shall incorporate fully guarded sheaves.
Lifting blocks can be either chain or wire rope units. All blocks shall be fitted with sufficient chain or rope to
allow the lifting hook to reach ground operating level. All chains and ropes shall have the 'loose' end
securely fixed to the lifting block. Chain units shall have a reliable braking and locking arrangement on the
hoisting mechanism. A chain box shall be fitted to hold the excess chain. An over hoist device shall be fitted
to all electric hoists.
601.19.9 Portable Lifting Equipment

For each requirement to utilise portable lifting equipment, the Contractor shall liaise with Scottish Water to
establish whether existing portable lifting equipment is suitable for the proposed new application.
Where existing portable lifting equipment is suitable, no additional equipment shall be required.
Where portable lifting equipment is to be provided, it shall comply with the following requirements: -
601.19.9.1 Lifting Frames
Scottish Water’s preference shall be to utilise portable lifting frames as shown in Fig.1 below to raise/lower
plant and equipment installed below ground level to ground level from where it can be removed from the site
for maintenance. This shall negate the need for permanent sockets to be installed for conventional lifting
davits.
Portable lifting frames shall be rated to lift twice the weight of each item to be lifted subject to a minimum
SWL of 500 kg.
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Fig 1 – Typical Portable Lifting Frame
The design of assets shall incorporate sufficient hard standing around access hatches to enable the safe and
steady use of lifting frames, and the removal of plant and equipment from site.
The availability of portable lifting equipment varies across Scottish Water, therefore a portable lifting frame
shall be required for each project UNLESS it has been agreed with Scottish water that the existing
equipment available for use in the location of the project is adequate.
601.19.9.2 Lifting Davits and Sockets
Where it is impracticable to utilise a portable lifting frame of the type shown above then a portable lifting davit
shall be provided.
Fig 1 – Typical Lifting Davit
Davits and davit sockets shall be rated to lift twice the weight of each item to be lifted, subject to a minimum
SWL of 500 kg.
The availability of portable lifting davits, and the dimensions of the sockets used varies across Scottish
Water. A portable lifting davit and socket arrangement shall be provided for each application unless: -
• a portable lifting gantry has been provided
• a standard socket has been provided that fits locally available lifting davits.
Where possible, a standard davit socket compatible with existing locally available Scottish Water lifting davits
shall be provided. Where compatible davit sockets are provided, and the lifting operation is infrequent, a
lifting davit shall not be provided.
Where provided, galvanised steel davit sockets shall be covered with a secured galvanised steel cover plate.
The socket/cover plate assembly shall be designed and fabricated such that the top face of the socket shall
be flush with the final finished surface level of the surrounding area.
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Lugs shall be incorporated to prevent rotation of the socket in the concrete. Where possible, the davit socket
shall incorporate a drain hole to prevent water accumulating in the socket.
Davit sockets shall be load tested in situ, and a test certificate shall be provided.
Davits and davit sockets shall be designed and positioned to provide lifting equipment with a vertical pull on
the plant lifting attachments to enable plant to be readily raised or lowered vertically.
Davits shall be suitable for either chain block or winch operation.
Where a winch is provided, the operating handle shall be at a convenient height for the operator, i.e. 1.1m
above datum level, and the effort to turn it with full load suspended shall not exceed 250N force. If required
the winch shall be geared to suit. The winch shall be equipped with ratchet/braking devices to allow
controlled lift/lower operations without the risk of run-back when lifting or the load free falling when being
lowered.
601.20 LIFTING ACCESSORIES

Lifting accessories, as defined in the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER),
shall include chains, slings, shackles, eyebolts etc.
Not all lifting accessories need to be supplied with a proof load test certificate. Where an item is unsuitable
for proof load testing, such as textile slings, or where lifting accessories are being provided new and used for
the first time, then the accessories shall be supplied with an “EC Declaration of Conformity” or an “EC
Declaration of Incorporation” as appropriate and in accordance with the Supply of Machinery (Safety)
Regulations 2008 and Supply of Machinery (Safety) (Amended) Regulations 2011.
All such items shall be thoroughly examined by a competent person following manufacture, and appropriate
certification issued stating that the equipment is safe for use. The equipment shall be CE marked to show
conformity with all applicable regulations.
The documentation provided should contain sufficient information about the lifting accessory to ensure
complete traceability for all components including details of the original tests for all components used to
manufacture the lifting accessory.
601.20.1 Submersible Plant Lifting Accessories

Scottish Water have a Framework Agreement for stainless steel lifting accessories for submersible plant
(e.g. chains, eyebolts etc. as defined in the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations).
Submersible plant includes submersible pumpsets and mixers for both water and wastewater applications.
The use of the Scottish Water Framework for stainless steel lifting accessories including lifting
chains for submersible plant is Mandatory.
Scottish Water have obtained a Written Scheme of Examination for their standard submersible plant lifting
accessories extending the period between examinations. All submersible plant should be provided with
Scottish Water Standard Lifting Accessories from the Framework Supplier which must be compliant with the
Scottish Water Written Scheme of Examination.
Lifting chain assemblies shall comply in all respects with the requirements of the Supply of Machinery
(safety) Regulations.
Lifting chains shall be of the short link type to BS EN 818-1 Short Link Chain for Lifting Purposes (Part 1 –
Safety General Conditions of Acceptance), and BS 4942 Short Link Chain for Lifting Purposes: Parts 2 and 3
Accordingly, lifting chains shall be manufactured from Short Link Stainless Steel chain to EN 1.4404 (AISI
316L) specification. The chains shall be of fully welded construction with rings or masterlinks at each end
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and at approx 1mtr intervals. Forged components e.g. rings, transition links or masterlinks shall be
manufactured from stainless steel to EN 1.4571 (AISI 316Ti) specification.
Submersible plant for potable water (or water that could become potable) applications shall be provided with
full length WRAS approved stainless steel lifting chains.
Submersible plant for wastewater applications shall be supplied with 1 metre length lifting chain assemblies
with rope extension for use with the Scottish Water chain snagging device (preferred), or full length lifting
chains for use with lifting equipment attached at or above ground level. Rope extensions must be of a
material suitable for the environment in which it is to be used.
The Contractor shall agree the lifting strategy with Scottish Water to determine the length of chain required,
and the lifting/lowering procedure to be implemented.
Lifting accessories including full length or one metre chains shall have a WLL equal to at least twice the
weight of each plant item to be lifted subject to a minimum SWL of 1 tonne.
Where 1 metre chains are utilised, the pumpset shall be extracted from the wet-well by using a certified
snatch device to catch the 1 metre chain. The snatch device shall be attached to a suitably rated full length
chain, and shall catch the 1 metre chain by sliding down the rope extension.
Full length chains shall incorporate larger oval links with a minimum internal diameter of 50mm, spaced at a
maximum of 1 m intervals along their length.
Where the chains remain attached to the plant during operation, they shall be securely fixed with corrosion
resistant fittings. For full length chains, the loose ends of the chains shall be suspended from a corrosion
resistant hook, readily accessible from outside the wet well or wallhead. For 1 metre chains attached to rope,
the loose end of the rope shall be attached to a corrosion resistant hook, readily accessible from outside the
wet well or wallhead.
The length of the chains or ropes shall be such that when the pumpsets are in position, the chains or ropes
extend at least 1 m above the top of the wet well or wallhead.
601.20.2 Identification Tags
All components used in the construction of lifting chain assemblies shall be marked as required by the
98/37/EC Machinery directive.
This will be marked on to a tag in the shape of a five pointed star manufactured from 316L stainless steel
and shall be permanently fixed to the lifting chain assembly.
All assemblies shall have identification tags with the following information:
1) Identification of the manufacturer (Name or Symbol or recognized mark).
2) Identification of material or grade i.e. grade 50, 316L Stainless.
3) Nominal chain size and number of legs
4) Working load limit (WLL) in kilograms.
5) Serial (traceable) number of the assembly.
6) Year of manufacture.
7) Scottish Water ID number
Following final testing and thorough inspection by a competent person, a CE mark should be affixed to each
chain assembly by stamping the tag.
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Important note: Cold stamping of the master links should be avoided to eliminate stress cracking of the
component.
Each lifting chain assembly shall be issued with a certificate of test and examination/declaration of
conformity. This document will show that the product has been examined by a competent person following
manufacture. This document will also indicate the Proof Load the product has been subjected to and the
WLL the product is suitable for. Traceability shall be possible through the mark number detailed on the
certificate and mark number attached to the product.
601.20.3 Corrosive Environments

Scottish Water recognise that there may be some installations where the environment and media may be
corrosive to stainless steel (e.g. environments containing high levels of chlorides or sulphides) and which
may give rise to premature corrosion of stainless steel components. Where Designers identify that an
installation may be unsuitable for stainless steel lifting accessories, the Designer shall submit a report to
Scottish Water detailing the reasons for his findings and offering suitable design alternatives. The Designer
shall also make recommendations regarding the recommended frequency of inspection of the lifting
accessories.
601.21 EMERGENCY SHOWERS AND EYEWASH STATIONS
601.21.1 General
The provision of Emergency Showers and Eyewash Stations shall be in accordance with the Scottish Water
“Emergency Shower and Eyewash Stations Guidance Document”. The guide contains hazard classifications
of the most common hazardous chemicals in use by Scottish Water, and the outputs from generic risk
assessments for the installation of Emergency Showers and Eyewash Stations. These should be seen as a
minimum requirement, and site specific risk assessments should be undertaken to ensure that the location
and provision of emergency facilities is adequate.
The site specific Risk Assessments shall consider, but not exclusively:-
• Type of hazardous exposure
• Location of the equipment
• Potential number of personnel involved in an exposure
• Water temperature and flow rates
• Hazardous area classification
• Visibility
The requirements for any hazardous chemical not listed in the guide should be agreed with Scottish Water.
Emergency Shower and Eyewash Station signs shall be clearly displayed in colours associated with this
equipment to design standard BS 5499 – ‘Graphical symbols and signs – Safety signs, including fire safety
signs’, to clearly identify this Safety equipment. Location signs shall be provided such that Emergency
Showers and Eyewash Stations are easily located during all periods when the works is manned. Where
determined necessary by a HAZOP study, location signs shall also be illuminated with on/off switching
controlled automatically by a timer and/or photocell.
Trace heating and insulation shall be applied to water supply lines and all water filled components that are
not otherwise heated or self draining where these are in exposed external locations or internal locations
where freezing may occur.
Pipework system design shall ensure that all pipework is flushed during normal maintenance and shall avoid
the creation of dead legs.
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601.21.1.1 Additional Equipment and Monitoring
Site specific HAZOP studies shall determine the need for any additional equipment to provide remote and
local monitoring e.g.
a) Emergency Shower activated signal (local alarm and possibly remote alarm via telemetry –
HAZOP to determine)
b) Emergency Eyewash station activated signal (local alarm and possibly remote alarm via
telemetry – HAZOP to determine)
c) High water temperature signal (local alarm only – HAZOP to confirm)
d) Low water temperature signal (local alarm only – HAZOP to confirm)
e) High water level signal (local alarm only – HAZOP to confirm)
f) Low water level signal (local alarm only – HAZOP to confirm)
g) Local temperature gauge
The HAZOP shall determine whether the Emergency Shower and Eyewash Station ‘activated’ signals should
be alarmed locally and via the Scottish Water telemetry system. Local alarms should be via SCADA systems
where these are installed, or other readily visible means on non-SCADA sites. Local Audible alarms should
not be necessary, unless determined during the HAZOP process.
Designers should note that there is a requirement to regularly test the Emergency Shower and Eyewash
Facilities. Where the HAZOP requires remote monitoring via the telemetry system a facility adjacent to the
shower to disable the telemetry alarm while testing is being carried out shall be provided to prevent false
alarms being transmitted. The telemetry signal shall have an automatic re-enable function to ensure that
alarms cannot be left disabled when testing is completed.
Where Emergency Eyewash stations are located outdoors the design and location shall ensure that the lids
cannot blow open due to the effects of high wind conditions and cause unnecessary operation or false
telemetry alarms.
601.21.2 Emergency Showers
601.21.2.1 Performance
Emergency Showers shall deliver a minimum flow rate of 76 litres/min of wholesome water at a temperature
of 15˚C to 20˚C. The 20˚C maximum limit shall inhibit the growth of Legionella bacteria – refer to the HSE
document ‘The Control of Legionella Bacteria in Water Systems ACOP and Guidance’.
Where emergency showers with individual header tanks are installed, each shower header tank shall have a
volume of 1200 litres to guarantee 15 minutes uninterrupted supply at 76 litres/min.
The water temperature shall not exceed 20˚C under normal ambient conditions and shall not drop below
15˚C during the 15 minute showering duration.
The shower head delivery pattern shall be in accordance with ANSI Z358.1-1990 2009.
The required volume flowrate for Emergency Showers shall be reached 3 seconds at the latest after opening
the shut-off valve.
601.21.2.2 Design
Emergency showers shall be in accordance with ANSI Z358.1-1990 2009 American National Standard for
Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment.
Page 53
Shower frames shall be of rigid construction, and the compete shower and pipework installation shall be of
corrosion resistant material coated where necessary to provide low maintenance and reliable long term
operation.
Signs and operating instructions shall be prominently displayed in the vicinity of the shower.
Emergency Showers shall have both hand bar and foot panel operating mechanisms and shall continue to
operate until the valve is manually closed.
All units shall be designed for ‘hands free’ operation during emergency conditions.
Drainage shall be provided from all units. The drainage discharge point shall be determined by the HAZOP
study.
The requirement for water to be available at 15˚C to 20˚C with a flow of 76 l/s for 15 minutes, and for the flow
to be established within 3 seconds of operating the valve normally requires a header tank to be provided
above the shower enclosure. Other methods may be considered where this performance can still be
achieved.
Where header tanks are provided, they shall be connected to a supply of wholesome water for re-filling and
shall be provided with 2 No. ballcocks to minimise refilling time. The header tank shall have immersion
heaters installed to maintain the shower temperature above the minimum 15˚C for a 15 minute shower taking
into consideration the ambient temperature range of the proposed location, and shall be fully insulated to
facilitate efficient heating.
Operating valves shall be located directly below the header tank. All pipework and fittings fed from the
header tank valves shall be self draining.
A means of testing the Emergency Shower operation shall be provided by a test handle mounted external to
the shower enclosure to allow testing to be carried out without having to enter the enclosure.
Any isolating valves on the water supply line shall be lockable in the open position to prevent unintentional
closure.
601.21.3 Eyewash Stations
601.21.3.1 Performance
Eyewash Stations shall deliver a minimum flow rate of 12 litres/min of wholesome water at a temperature of
15˚C to 20˚C.
The water temperature shall not exceed 20˚C under normal ambient conditions and shall not drop below
15˚C during operation for up to 15 minutes.
The required volume flowrate for Eyewash Stations shall be reached 3 seconds at the latest after opening
the shut-off valve.
601.21.3.2 Design
Eyewash Stations shall be in accordance with ANSI Z358.1-1990 2009 American National Standard for
Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment.
Eyewash Stations shall switch on automatically when the lid is opened, and shall remain on until the lid is
closed. Care hall be taken to ensure that Eyewash Stations in exposed outside locations are positioned such
that the lids shall not blow open in the wind so activating the water flow e.g. internal to the shower enclosure.
All Eyewash Stations shall be designed for ‘hands free’ operation during emergency conditions.
Eyewash Stations shall be either stand alone or supplied as an integral part of an Emergency Shower.
Page 54
Drainage shall be provided from all units. Combined units shall use the Emergency Shower drainage facility.
For standalone units the drainage discharge point shall be determined by the HAZOP study.
Page 55

SSP-SP-SPE-06000601 Process &amp; Mechanical Plant (General)

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STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS

Copyright © Scottish Water

Document Title: Section 601 – Process and Mechanical Plant (General)

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Version: 5.0

PROCESS AND MECHANICAL PLANT (GENERAL) Date: May 13

Record of Changes and Amendments

Flow Velocities section moved

Pressure Systems section moved

Electrical Heating section moved

Requirement for Declaration of

10 May 13 601.5 Guarding of Plant Additional regulations included 5.0

11 May 13 601.6.1 General (Pumps) New WIMES added 5.0

Wastewater Pump Diaphragm pumps removed as an

IP ratings included for submersible

Minimum working height for valve

15 May 13 601.7.22.2 Stoplogs Lifting requirements clarified 5.0

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Version: 5.0

PROCESS AND MECHANICAL PLANT (GENERAL) Date: May 13

Requirement for compatible

Requirement for acid/alkali hazard

Requirement for means of

Diaphragm type Requirement for means of

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Version: 5.0

PROCESS AND MECHANICAL PLANT (GENERAL) Date: May 13

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Version: 5.0

PROCESS AND MECHANICAL PLANT (GENERAL) Date: May 13

COPYRIGHT © SCOTTISH WATER ................................................................................................................ 1

601.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT ........................................................................................................... 1

601.3 LUBRICATION AND GREASING ..................................................................................................... 1

601.3.1 FOOD GRADE LUBRICATION LABELLING ......................................................................................... 2

601.4 ACCESS ............................................................................................................................................ 2

601.5 GUARDING OF PLANT..................................................................................................................... 2

601.6.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................... 2

601.7 VALVES AND PENSTOCKS............................................................................................................. 8

601.7.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................... 8

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Version: 5.0

PROCESS AND MECHANICAL PLANT (GENERAL) Date: May 13

601.7.8.5 Cast Iron Flap Non-Return Valves ....................................................................................... 12

601.8.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 19

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Version: 5.0

PROCESS AND MECHANICAL PLANT (GENERAL) Date: May 13

601.8.10.5 Air ......................................................................................................................................... 22

601.9 PIPEWORK MARKING ................................................................................................................... 24

601.9.1 USE OF IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM ................................................................................................ 24

601.10.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 27

601.11 TESTING AT MANUFACTURER’S WORKS AND ON SITE ......................................................... 28

601.12 TANKS, VESSELS AND RECEIVERS ........................................................................................... 28

601.12.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 28

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Version: 5.0

PROCESS AND MECHANICAL PLANT (GENERAL) Date: May 13

601.13 STATIC MIXER ................................................................................................................................ 37

601.13.1 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................ 38

601.14 SUBMERSIBLE PROPELLER MIXERS ......................................................................................... 38

601.15 AGITATORS .................................................................................................................................... 39

601.15.1 AGITATOR .................................................................................................................................. 39

601.16 CONVEYORS AND ELEVATORS .................................................................................................. 40

601.16.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 40

601.17.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 42

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS Version: 5.0

PROCESS AND MECHANICAL PLANT (GENERAL) Date: May 13

601.17.3 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT AIR COMPRESSORS ............................................................................. 43

601.18.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................... 45

601.19 LIFTING EQUIPMENT..................................................................................................................... 52

601.19.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................... 52

SSP-SP-SPE-06000601 Process & Mechanical Plant (General)

SSP-SP-SPE-06000601 Process & Mechanical Plant (General)