NEWS AND REPORTING

SUBMITTED TO:
SIR WAQAR MALIK
SUBJECT:
“NEWS AND
REPORTING”

SUBMITTED BY:
IBTESAM AWAN
(ROLL NO.23)
MAHNOOR TAHIR
(ROLL NO.32)
HAFSA QAMAR
(ROLL NO.17)
MOMINA BALOCH
(ROLL NO.20)
FAIZAN KHALID
(ROLL NO.07)
 “CULTURE”
“Culture is a broad term that is often used in a wide variety of
contexts. Its meaning can be anything from very
conceptualizations such as the notion of the high culture to a
much broader view of culture being all-encompassing. In
addition, scholars identify different types of culture such as
regional, national or even global cultures, as well as sub-
cultures or cultures of shared culture practices.”

“Cultural journalism’ is used as an umbrella term for media

reporting and debating on culture, including the arts, value,
politics, popular culture, the culture industries, and
entertainment.”

The relationship between journalism and culture is a symbiotic

one. Journalism influences culture, but it is also influenced by it.
In fact, as some argue, JOURNALISM IS CULTURE.
While journalism’s influence on culture has found extensive
attention in the cultural studies literature, cultural and societal
influences on journalism have been far less researched. Our
internet culture, like the internet itself, is always changing.
Whether through casual references to the latest meme or
through finding sources to corroborate claims in an essay,
our internet culture has and will continue to influence the
way we communicate and interact with one another, both
in person and online.

CULTURE REPORTING:
The term “The Culture Beat” refers to the way a newspaper will
assign reporters to cover various sites where news originates-
city hall, the police reports, sports, entertainment, local, etc.
Culture reporting is characterized by its punchy style, rough
language, and ostensible disregard for conventional journalistic
writing forms and customs. The reporter attempts to present a
multi-disciplinary perspective on a particular story, drawing
from popular culture, sports, political, philosophical and literary
sources. It is styled eclectic or untraditional. Culture reporting
remains a feature of popular magazines. It has a good deal of
entertainment value.
Culture reporting also focuses on the personal lives of people,
primarily celebrities, including movie and stage actors, musical
artists, models and photographers, other notable people in the
entertainment industry, as well as people who seek attention,
such as politicians, and people thrust into the attention of the
public, such as people who do something newsworthy.

Culture reporting today is the province of newspaper gossip

columnists and gossip magazines and has become the focus of
national tabloid newspapers.  It differs from feature writing in
that it focuses on people who are either already famous or are
especially attractive, and in that it often covers celebrities
obsessively, to the point of these journalists behaving
unethically in order to provide coverage. Paparazzi,
photographers who would follow celebrities incessantly to
obtain potentially embarrassing photographs, have come to
characterize celebrity journalism.

It is the most common kind of reporting where reporters are

placed at the most strategic news-breaking points like
hospitals, courtrooms, police headquarters, airports, railway
stations, universities, government and corporate offices and
health and recreation centers. Unlike editorial writing, the
culture reporting is impersonal.
A culture reporter is should essentially be an honest storyteller,
who should rise above his prejudices and subjectivity. He
should be fair and impartial and present in all aspects of the
story. Complete objectivity may be required as the primary job
of a reporter in any beat is to tell the truth.

CULTURAL JOURNALISM:
The primary concern of cultural journalism is with the arts and
creative work, and with the individuals, institutions and policies
that make or enable that work. The arts are usually understood
to include literature, visual arts, music, film, theatre and dance,
photography, architecture and design. They cover both ‘high
culture’ (many of the traditional art forms) and ‘popular
culture’ (once known as folk art). Culture also extends to mass
entertainment in the form of popular films, radio, television
and computer games. A broader definition might include
everything from gardening and gastronomy to urban planning
and innovative tech startups.

CULTURALIST THEORY:
The culturalist theory, developed in the 1980s and 1990s,
combines the other two theories and claims that people
interact with media to create their own meanings out of the
images and messages they receive. This theory sees audiences
as playing an active rather than passive role in relation to mass
media. One strand of research focuses on the audiences and
how they interact with media; the other strand of research
focuses on those who produce the media, particularly the
news.

Theorists emphasize that audiences choose what to watch

among a wide range of options, choose how much to watch,
and may choose the mute button or the VCR remote over the
programming selected by the network or cable station. Studies
of mass media done by sociologists parallel text‐reading and
interpretation research completed by linguists (people who
study language).

Both groups of researchers find that when people approach

material, whether written text or media images and messages,
they interpret that material based on their own knowledge and
experience. Thus, when researchers ask different groups to
explain the meaning of a particular song or video, the groups
produce widely divergent interpretations based on age, gender,
race, ethnicity, and religious background.

Therefore, culturalist theorists claim that, while a few elite in

large corporations may exert significant control over what
information media produces and distributes, personal
perspective plays a more powerful role in how the audience
members interpret those messages.
CULTURAL REPORTER:
Culture art reporting is the area of specialization in presenting
to readers/viewers all kinds of activities realized by the society
within culture and art as the news. Development level of the
society as a social infrastructure unit has direct proportion
between the interest shown to cultural and artistic activities
and development of culture art journalism. Doing journalism in
the field of culture is pleasure giving as much as it has difficulty.
Its difficulty derives from its area containing considerably wide
knowledge accumulation. There is the requirement to have
knowledge in the basic areas such as archeology, art history,
history, anthropology, sociology and fine arts. Journalist must
be able to ask questions and he/she must know few of the basic
information in order to be able to make research, otherwise it
is almost impossible for him/her to put together an even seen
by him/her and to be able to take out the news from it. At the
same time, correspondent must have adequate level of
intellectual accumulation in order to have the correct
perception and transfer of the concepts.
For example, when the correspondent working in the field of
culture art forms the news of an exhibition visited by him/her
first expresses his/her own observations. Together with his/her
observations, he/she completes the news in the direction of the
information obtained from the person or institution.
Communication channels of the journalists between the
institutions providing information to them must be open.
Culture art correspondent must have connections with the
leading establishments and institutions of this area such as the
culture centers, universities, foundations and associations,
ministry, local administrations, consulates and exhibitions.
Culture-art reporting contains the news covering every branch
of the art such as literature, cinema, theater, music, plastic arts.
By being different from the other pages, culture art pages also
contain criticism articles
Journalists specialized in the area of culture and art are in
advantageous position when compared with the journalists
working in the other areas because they do not encounter an
apprehension related with time. Since culture art agenda
mostly becomes clearly beforehand, correspondent can spread
his/her article to days. For example, the day of doing an
exhibition or art fair is determined before, consequently
correspondent has time to do the searches related with the
topic. For this reason, journalists working in culture-art area
have more comfortable working possibility.