MID TERM

1(a) Discuss the social and economic benefits of road transport to the
countries in the sub-region. [5]
 Reduction in poverty levels especially in rural places where these roads pass.
 Increase in agricultural activities for people living along major roads, therefore, ensuring
food security.
 Provision of employment to people working at toll gates, weigh bridges etc.
 Roads encourage linear settlements which provide social services to travelers.
 Roads encourage creation of modern infrastructure thereby beautifying the towns and
cities where they pass.
 Major roads earn revenue for countries through payment of toll fees.
 Countries earn money from customs duty levied on goods that are imported and exported
through road transport.
 Passengers and goods are conveniently moved from one place/country to another.
[1 mark each developed point - 5 marks]
(b) Mention six goods that are transported by road in the sub-region. [3]
 Minerals such as copper, coal, cobalt, diamonds, gold, manganese, nickel etc.
 Food stuffs such as rice, wheat, maize, beans etc.
 Fruits such as apples, oranges, lemons, pineapples, mangoes, bananas etc.
 Ceramic products such as wall and floor tiles.
 Cosmetics such as body and hair lotions.
 Petroleum products such as crude oil, petrol, diesel, kerosene.
 Chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides.
 Textile products such as clothes, blankets etc.
 Automobiles such as cars, trucks, buses, motor bikes.
 Machinery and equipment such as tractors, heavy duty trucks etc.
 Construction materials such as iron sheets, steel rods, etc. -
 Wood product such as timber and electric poles.
 Animals, e.g. cattle and goats.

2. Study the following diagram showing the internal structure of a town or city and answer the
questions which follow.

(a) (i) Name the type of model shown in the diagram above. [1]
  Concentric model
[1 mark for correct name = 1 mark]
(ii) State one specific function of each zone numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4. [6]
1 Central Business District (CBD)
 This is where business is conducted in shops.
 People go to work in offices such as banks, insurance premises.
2 Industrial area
 Manufacturer and processing of goods.
 Whole selling or manufactured and processed goods.
3 Residential areas
 Provision of accommodation to people e.g. medium, high and low density
areas.
 Provision of social services such as education and health.
4* Agricultural areas
 Cultivation of crops and rearing of livestock.
 Business in agricultural products.
[1 mark each developed point = 6 marks]
(b) (i) Define the term "urbanisation'. [1]
 The increase in percentage of the country's population living in towns or
urban areas.
 The gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
[1 mark for correct definition = 1 mark]
(jj) What are the problems which are associated with urbanization? [4]
 Shortage of proper accommodation resulting in the creation of shanty
compounds.
 Noise pollution from traffic, bars, market places and industries.
 Pressure on health and education facilities due to large population.
 Increase-in crime especially-by-young people who are unemployed.
 Traffic congestion especially during rush hours.
 Environmental degradation due to dumping of garbage anyhow.
 Outbreak of air borne diseases due to overcrowding.
 High consumption of electricity leading to load shedding.
 Reduction in land which could be used for agricultural purposes.
 Shortage of clean piped water leading to poor sanitation.
 Increase in crime rate, e.g. theft and prostitution.
 High level of unemployment due to limited job market.
[1 mark each developed point = 4 marks]
(c) Explain why rail transport has not been fully utilized as a means of
transporting goods and passengers by most countries in the sub-region. [4]
 Security of goods is compromised due to overcrowding and congestion on trains.
 Many of them are slow and behind schedule, thereby discouraging passengers.
 Most trains in the sub-region are old and not modern hence they do not attract
passengers who prefer other modes of transport.
 Rail lines do not reach to all areas, hence not everyone is able to use them.
 Lack of investment by governments to improve rail transport.
[1 mark each developed point = 4 marks]