Communication

Communication

Published by
Chonan Technical Service Training Center

1 Chonan Technical Service Training Center

Communication

FORWARD

Today’s automobiles are becoming even more dependent on electrical and electronic technology to manage
systems that control power train, passenger compartment, and safety devices. Because of this, it is very
important that automotive technicians have a good understanding of how communication works among the

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Communication

control modules, both in theory and practical application.

Kia Motors Technical Service Training Department is aware of the daily challenge technicians face when
diagnosing a vehicle with electrical or electronic problems. We also understand the specialized knowledge
required to effectively isolate, troubleshoot and repair electrical problems which may occur in a vehicle.

In consideration of this, we have developed this new course titled, “Communication Service Training” as
part of our training program. This course is designed to be instructed in two segments; first a “General
Information” reviewing basic communication principles (such as network, communication protocol, etc.); and
second, learning CAN communication, LAN communication.

This course has been design to be instructed mainly in a workshop environment with the intent of
demonstrating the practical “on-vehicle” application of the course content. It is our hope that use of this training
technique will optimize the individual learning experience and technicians will relate the knowledge gained
directly to vehicle repairs at the dealership.

We at kia motors hope that the information received during this course improves technician’s knowledge of
communication. We also encourage that the procedures shown become part of each technician’s regular
diagnostic routine and are applied whenever possible to help ensure customers receive the best possible
service.

ⓒ Copyright by Kia motors. All right reserved.

http//:training.kia.co.kr training@kia.co.kr

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Contents

1. General Information
1.1 What is the communication in vehicle? 7
1.2 Why is the communication system used in vehicle? 7

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1.3 Classification of the communication according to the wiring 7

1.4 Data sharing with each electric control modules 8
1.4.1 What is the Network? 8
1.4.2 What is the communication protocol? 8
1.5 Classification of the communication applied to the electro device of vehicle 9
1.5.1 Serial Communication and Parallel Communication 9
1.5.2 Synchronous Communication and Asynchronous Communication 10
1.5.3 Simplex and Duplex Communication 11
1.6 Exercises 20
2. COMMUNACATION
2.1 Communication method in each Module 21
2.2 Main Communication 23
2.2.1 The Communication diagram 23
2.2.2 The 2-line CAN Communication 24
2.2.3 The 3-line Synchronous Communication 29
2.3 Sub Communication 30
2.3.1 Communication between the driver door module and the IMS ECM 30
2.3.2 Communication between the ETACS and the Receiver 34
2.3.3 Communication between the Assist Door Module and the Scanner 37
2.3.4 Communication between the Driver Door Module and the Safety ECM 39
2.3.5 Communication between the Instrument ECM and the Multi-function switch ECM 41
2.3.6 Communication between the Instrument ECM and the Cluster ECM 44
2.3.7 Communication between the Instrument ECM and the Front ECM 46
2.4 Exercises 48

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1. General Information
1.1 What is the Communication? between the person and person and between one
The communication started with the origin of the society and another society. If a person is being
human society. As the human has formed the society within the sight range of the other, they can
and lived against the hard environment, the communicate with each other using voice or action.
communication has been the necessary tool However, as the distance between them is longer,

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they should use other tools for communicating each
other such as light, smoke, more loud sound as well
as sending another person.
The communication, as simple, can be defined as
the action for sending data. Nowadays, we often use
the term of the “communication,” and we cannot live
without any communicating appliances.
example, telephone, mobile phone, Internet etc, are
the representatives.
The “communication” is now a familiar word for us.
We can summary the communication as that;
A. To send data or intensions between persons,
B. The media between persons such as lighting,
letter, conversation, etc.
C. Which is limited by distance or time,
D. In the electrical communication
- Sending data or information using the electric
power
- Real time communication using current in a
wire (to overcome the time limitation)
- Propagation of electromagnetic waves through
the air.
1.2 Why is the communication system
used in the vehicles?
1.2.1 Background of the application
communication in the vehicles
As developing the technologies of the vehicles, the
user more wants the high performances and safety
in the vehicles. That is, the user wants more
powerful and safer vehicle. In order to satisfy the user’s
requirements, the vehicle has more convenient
electric devices including ECM (Electronic Control
Module) and the more electric wirings and parts are
needed. The more the electric devices are installed,
the more problems are occurred. Especially, adding
the electro device, the wiring is more complex so
that the possibility of troubles is increasing. In order
to reduce these troubles, the communication shall be
applied to each ECM to share the common
information related to the operation of the vehicles.
For 1.2.2 What is the advantage in using the
communication system in the vehicle?
* Simplicity of the wiring – The wiring is simplified
by using communication system between the ECM
controlling each operation.
* Easy to select the position of the electro
devices – The electro device can be controlled by
the nearest ECM.
* Enhancing the reliability of the system – As
simplifying the wiring, the terminals and contacting
points are reduced so that the possibility of
malfunction or making a trouble is reduced and the
correct data can be transmitted.
* Vehicle Maintenance using the Diagnosis
Equipments – Through the communication
terminals of each ECM, it is easily checked the
status of the vehicle using the diagnosis equipments
so that the performance of the maintenance shall be
improved.
1.3 Classification of the communication
according to the wiring
According that the communication system has wires
or not, the system shall be divided into two systems,
the wire communication and the wireless
communication.
1.3.1 Wire Communication
The wire communication system uses the electric
current wire to send the information. The wire
communication means the all-electrical
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Communication
communication using the electrical wires as media
between the transmitter and the receiver. The
The wire system adapts the 1:1 communication
scheme on the other hand; the wireless
communication uses the scheme of multi receiver by
one transmitter. The most used systems are the wire
communication systems. The vehicle communication
system is also the wire communication.
Ex) Telephones, Facsimiles, Internet, Vehicle ECM,
etc.
1.3.2 Wireless Communication
The wireless communication is the system in which
the electromagnetic waves having predetermined
frequency are used the media for the sending the
information.
Ex) Walkie-talkie, Radio, Mobile phone, Remote
controller etc.
1.4. Data Sharing with each Electric
Control Modules
The data sharing is that each ECM receives required
data from the other ECMs and transmits the data
required by the other ECMs using the wire
connected between them. The Internet, the daily
communication means of us, is the same system. In
order to acquire certain information, we run a
searching program on the computer and type a word
or phrases related to the wanted information on the
searching window, then the computer find
information concerned to the word or phrase from
the all connected to the internet and suggest them to
the user of the computer. The computers in a vehicle
uses the similar method for communication each
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telegraph and the telephone are the representatives of the
wire communication.
other. The ECMs shares its information on the
network, and use the needed data from the network.
1.4.1 What is the Network?
What is the Network? At first, look at the word itself,
and then it consists Net + Work. The meaning of the
Net is the “woven wires” and the meaning of the
Work is “doing something”, so, as it is, the network
means, “doing something using woven wires.” Then
is it fishing or hunting? What is the fishing or hunting
with computer? Eum, it may be the “getting
something with wired computer.” Here, the
something is may be fish or meal, the essential
materials for our life. The information is one of them
for current life style.
Consequently, 'Sharing the resources using some
connection in a system’ shall be the definition of the
Network, In order to perform the communication,
there is a rule regulating the transmitting and
receiving method the information between the ECM.
It is called the Protocol.
1.4.2 What is the Communication Protocol?
It means the regulations and rules about the
communication method required at transmitting and
receiving the information among the computer. For
example, when a Korean talk with an American, if
they talk together in each own language, then they
cannot communicate at all. This is the
communication error or the communication fail. That
is, there should be common rules or regulations and
any ECM manufactured by any country can
Communication

communicate each other when it adapts the

common regulations as the computer does.

1.5. Classification the communication applied to the electro devices in vehicles

Data Transmission Mode Transmission Format Transmission Direction

Serial- Synchro- Asynchro- Half- Full- Remark

Serial Parallel Simplex
Parallel nous nous Duplex Duplex

MUX O O O O

CAN O O O O GH

LAN O O O O O

LIN O O O GH

1.5.1 Serial Communication and Parallel Communication

The methods for sending data are divided into two methods, one is the parallel communication transmitting the
plurality of data bit at the same time, and the other is the serial communication transmitting a data bit in a series.

Item Parallel Communication Serial Communication

There is plurality of transmitting line, the multi bits are There is one data transmitting line, data bits
Function
send at a time. are send in series.

The parallel is faster than the serial so it is effective to It is easy to construct with low cost and has
Merit
communicate between the computer and the auxiliary less limitation in distance.

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devices.
Defect The longer of the distance is the higher of the cost is.
MUX Communication, CAN Communication, LAN
Examples
Communication
A. Serial Communication
Generally, it is used in the transmitting the bit stream
between the computer and the other computers and
between the computer and the auxiliary devices. In
the term of communication, the serial means that the
data is communicated sequentially. The serial
method is used in most communication devices.
For example, the data is separated into every bit to
communicate with 1 set of communication line (two
lines) in series.
1.5.2 Synchronous and Asynchronous
Communication
A. Asynchronous Communication
The asynchronous communication is the method
transmitting the data with a character at a time. That
is, at every moment the data is transmitted with a
start bit and a stop bit. In this data communication,
the voltage drop or the other problems can damage
the data so that the unwanted bit may be added or
damaged. (Ex: BUS-A, BUS-B Communication)
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
Start Bit Data Bit Stop Bit
10
It is slower than the parallel communication.
PWM, Serial Communication
B. Parallel Communication
The parallel communication transmits the signal (or
characters) at a time using separated some circuits
so that it is transmitted faster than the serial method,
however, it needs more cost for wiring and installing
the terminals.
When the waveform of the data, as shown in above
figure, is transmitted, the start bit and the stop bit
shall be added at the front and rear of the data
stream, respectively.
The asynchronous communication has the double
wire to prevent from occurring any malfunction or
breakage by the cutting wire or short cut wire. That
is, if one line has problem, the communication can
be successful by the other wire.
B. Synchronous Communication
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Communication

The synchronous communication transmits the wire has any fault, then the function related to the
character or bit without any start bit or stop bit, and it troubled wire shall not be operated only.
is possible to predict the exact time for start and
reach of each bit. However, in order to eliminate the
time difference between the transmitting ECM and
the receiving ECM, the additional SCK (Clock circuit)
should be installed. Otherwise, the Clock data SCK
should be included into the data signal.
Among the 3-wired synchronous communication, the
SCK wire is the most important. If this wire has a
Data
problem, the system shall not operated even the
data is transmitted. If the Transmit or the Receive 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1

1.5.3 Simplex and Duplex Communication

According to the direction of the data in the communication wire at a time, the communication mode is divided
into the followings.

Item Description Example

Simplex
The stream of data is transmitted only one direction. Radio, Television
Communication

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Half-Duplex The stream of data is transmitted two directions by interchanging

Walkie-talkie
Communication the direction but it is not possible at the same time.

Serial Using the one wire, the simplex or the duplex communication is Vehicle Self Diagnosis

Communication possible terminal

Full Duplex
The stream of data is transmitted two directions at the same time. Telephone
Communication

※ Serial Communication: The multiple data can A. MUX Communication

not be output at the same time but in series. That is,
if the two signals are detected at the same time, only
one data is accepted by the priority and the other is
ignored. Using this method, the simplex and the
duplex communication can be possible.
(1) Simplex Communication
This is used in communication between the ECM
sending data only and the ECM receiving data only
for operation. The simplex communications are
applied at many cases in the vehicle communication.
For example, there are the MUX communication, the
PWM, etc.
The word of MUX is the abbreviation of the
multiplex, and means “multiple communication”. In
the vehicles, the MUX communication has the
simplex method and the duplex method. The below
drawing shows the communication system applied to
the convenient electro devices.
According to the figure, the Driver Door Module and
the ETACS communicate with the duplex method.
That is, they send data to each other for operation.
However, the driver door module communicates to
the assist door module with the simplex method. The
assist door module only receives the data from the
door module, does not send its data to the driver
door module.

Driver Assist Door Module

Door
Module

ETACS Simplex Communication

Duplex Communication

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a. Circuit Analysis between the vehicle with communication and without communication.
* The vehicle controlling the power window without communication
Alternator
Ignition switch

UP DOWN UP DOWN UP DOWN

Auto UP DOWN

Up/Down
Control
Fuse
1
3 2
Power window
relay Power window
main switch

UP DOWN UP DOWN UP DOWN

Battery – 12V
Tail lamp switch

Power window Power window sub

sub switch (FR) switch (RR, RL)

This circuit diagram is the power window circuit. This
vehicle includes the circuit for supplying the electric
power to each door from the driver door module at
controlling the power window.
1. When the Ignition Key is ON, the power window
relay shall be activated and the voltage of 12V is
input to the driver door module via the . That is,
the power window shall be operated using this
input voltage.
2. When the assist power window switch at the
driver door module is operated for opening the
window of the assist door (front door), the switch
in the driver door module is activated to input the
voltage of 12V to the assist door module via the .
3. This voltage of 12V is pass through the motor of
the assist power window to work and then
returned to the driver door module via the line to
ground.
As we know, when the power window is operated at
the driver door module, the (+) voltage and the (–)
voltage is output from the driver door module
directly, so that the assist power window shall be
operated. So do the power windows of the rear
doors.
Additionally, if the circuit for controlling the side
mirror is added, then the circuit and wiring of the
driver door module is very complex. Then the
possibility of the malfunction shall be more

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increased.

* The vehicle controlling the power window using the communication

HOT IN ON HOT IN ON
ENGINE ROOM
JUNCTION FUSE & RELAY
BOX BOX
FUSE P/WINDOW
15A FUSIBLE LINK
30A

REFER TO
POWER
DISTRIBUTION P/WINDOW
RELAY

REFER TO 1
POWER 1
DISTRIBUTION

FRONT RIGHT
Power source P/window Power source P/window DOOR UNIT
relay DOOR UNIT
relay

Motor Motor
Ground Ground

2 2 3 3

REFER TO
FRONT LH GROUND FRONT RH
P/OWER DISTRIBUTION P/OWER
MOTOR ETACS MOTOR

This circuit diagram is the power window system connected through the line . This is the
with the MUX communication. The driver door communication line. Through this line, these 3
module, the assist door module and the ETACS are modules share the data.

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1. When the IG Key is ON then the power window door module via the line .
relay is activated, and then the voltage 12V is
supplied to the driver door module and the assist

2. When the driver operates the power window Example of the output waveform of the simplex
switch of the driver door module to open the assist communication
door window, then the data representing that the This waveform is acquired from the communication
assist power window is operated to open is output signal between the driver door module and each
to the assist door module and the ETACS via line . safety ECM at each window. The communication
3. The ECM of the assist door module analyses this waveform is send from the driver module as a
data and outputs the voltage signal of 12V and the simplex mode.
ground signal to the line so that the power
window motor is operated. So do the rear
windows.
Comparing with the circuit, the 2 nd circuit has less
wiring by accepting the MUX communication.
Therefore, the more convenient functions are
needed, the more communication systems are
needed.

B. LAN Communication (Simplex

Communication)
The below drawings shows the simplex
communication applied. If the driver and assist
power window switches of the driver door module
are pressed at the same time, the driver window is
operated at first, and then the assist window is
operated. This drawing shows the safety ECM
communication installed at the driver door module
and each window for operating the power windows.
When the driver operates the power window switch,
the driver door module outputs the operating signal
wave to the communication line. Then the related
safety ECM is receiving the signal and operates the
power window.

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Communication

M M

SAFETY SAFETY
ECM (FL) ECM (FR)

SAFETY SAFETY
ECM (RL) ECM (RR)

M M

C. LIN Communication
The LIN communication means the Local Interconnect Network, that is, the networking among the computers
nearby. It is similar with the simplex communication.

IMS
CONTROL
SWITCH DRIVER DOOR MODULE ASSIST DOOR MODULE
1 1
2 1 1

1
IMS
BCM ECM SAFETY ECM
SAFETY ECM 2
(FRONT LEFT) (STEERING WHEEL) (FRONT RIGHT)

IMS SAFETY ECM

SAFETY ECM MULTI FUNCTION SWITCH
ECM (REAR RIGHT)
(REAR LEFT)
(SEAT) 2

SCANNER
Duplex Communication

Simplex Communication

The above drawing shows the LIN communication
system of the GH. According to the drawing, the
safety ECM FL and RL are connected to the line ,
around the driver door module. And the safety ECM
FR and RR are connected to the line , around the
assist door module. This line is the simplex
communication of the GH. When the power window
operating signal is send from the driver door module,
then the safety ECM receives the data signal to
decide whether the power window is operated or not.
The assist door module works in the same manner.
The line is for the CAN communication, the Duplex

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communication. (Communication between the engine ECM and the

(2) Duplex Communication
The duplex communication is the communication
method for transmitting and receiving the data
among the ECMs.
A. CAN Communication – 2wired Communication
TCU, The communication of the convenient devices,
etc,)
The CAN is named from the “Controller Area
Network”. The CAN communication system for
vehicles developed by the Bosch and Intel in 1988 to
suggest a serial method between the ECMs. The
CAN has the characters of endurance in the hard
environment such as high temperature and the
heavy of shock, vibration and noise, so it is applied
to the many vehicles. Furthermore, it is the multi-
channel type communication method so that it can
reduce the wires between the units.

DRIVER ASSIST
BCM IMS
DOOR MODULE DOOR MODULE
ECM

BUS A

BUS B

The above drawing shows the communication Low and the High voltage level. Using these
between the main ECMs installed at the GH. The variations of the voltage, the data can be
ETACS, the Instrument ECM, the Driver Door transmitted. The CAN communications consist the
Module and the Assist Door Module are transmitting High speed CAN and the Low speed CAN.
and receiving the data each other. The
communication lines are the BUS-A and the BUS-B.
Here, the BUS means the transmission line for data.
That is, sharing the data each other through the two
BUS line, each device uses its needed data.

1) The voltage level of the CAN BUS

The CAN communication has the variations in the

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3.5
Communication
2.5

1.5 CAN - L the TX is output to the RX, and the related data are
output to the CAN-L and the CAN-H.
Time

a. High speed CAN b. Low speed CAN

In the High speed CAN mode, the communicated
signal is generated by up and down of the CAN-H
V
and the CAN-L with the standard voltage of 2.5V.
CAN-L
Using this mode, the data transmitting speed is fast 5

and the computer treatment is fast and accurate. 4 3.5V CAN-H

However, the fast transmission can make a noise
3
affecting to the Audio or A/V system of the vehicles.
2

1 1.4V CAN-L
CAN-H
TX
CAN - H Time
5V
d r d E d r d
0V
C 2.5V The CAN Low having the voltage of 5V will be

5V M 2V 0V 2V
decreasing the voltage to the voltage of 1.4V when
d r d
CAN - L the data is output, the CAN High having the voltage
0V
RX of 0V will be increasing up to the voltage of 3.5V
when the data is output. The CAN Low and the CAN
High are changed in the voltage at the same time.

This drawing shows the schematic diagram of the

High speed CAN communication. The signal input to
noise. Therefore, it is used in the communication

TX between the computers in the vehicle.

5V CAN - H
d r d E d r d c. The actual waveform of the CAN data
0V
3.6V
C 1.4V

5V M 2.2V 5V 2.2V
d r d
0V CAN - L
RX
BUS-A

The low speed CAN communication will be operated

in the same manner. The speed and data treating is
little slow, however it has low possibility of making a

BUS-B
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PLAY CURS RECO SAVE
Communication

communication.
That is, the voltage of the ECM can be equalized by
the variation of this resistor. This resistor is called the
Termination Resistor (or Terminator).
The above waveform is acquired by measuring the
data transmission lines of the BUS-A and the BUS-B a. Example for usage of the CAN Resistor
connected to the ETACS.
The left side of the drawing shows the CAN-H ECM 1 ECM 2
waveform increased voltage from the 0V at
outputting the data. Contrary, the right side of the
drawing shows the CAN-L waveform decreased
voltage from the 5V at outputting the data. CAN - L
120Ω 120Ω

CAN - H

2) About the CAN resistor

The CAN communication is very sensitive about the
voltage. As you know, the signals which can be
treated in the computer are “1” and “0”. That is, the
high or low voltage is the most important matter in This drawing shows the data line communicating
the communication. If the communication line has between the ECM1 and the ECM2. The
problem of the short circuit or the open circuit, the communication line has the resistor of about 120Ω.
data cannot be transmitted. Especially, the ECM of The voltage level shall be equalized by this resistor
the vehicles is connected by wires. The changed so that the data communication will be normally
resistance according to the length of the wires may operated.
affect the voltage of the communication line. Then,
the data signal comprising the “1” and “0” may be
confused by the non-exacted voltage.
To solve the problem, there should be a resistor
regulated the voltage in the ECM using the CAN

B. 3-Line Synchronous Communication The synchronous communication is transmitting the

The 3-line synchronous communication is the CAN character or bit without the start or stop bit, and can
communication, and means that the communication predict the exact starting and arriving time of the bit.
lines used by the ECM are three. Here, in order to prevent from time difference

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Communication

between the transmitting ECM and the receiving asynchronous method.

ECM, the special Clock circuit may be installed.
Otherwise, the Clock data may be included in the
data signal, as I explained in the former chapter.
That is, the synchronous communication should
have the Clock line.
However, the LAN communication method in the
Driver Door Module, the Assist Door Module and the
ETACS using the synchronous communication with
the SCK (Serial Clock) at the communication line to
prevent from the difference of timing.

a. Example of the application of the synchronous b. The actual waveform of the 3-line synchronous
communication communication.
* The waveform of the No.1 is acquired from theTX, RX
INSTRU-MENT ECM
CLOCK wire of the 3-line synchronous
communication. The same waveform is output with
the same period. In the actual vehicle, the output
waveform should be the same with the above form.
ETACS
DRIVER DOOR MODULE * The
DRIVER DOOR MODULE waveform of the No.2 is acquired from the
SCK input signal to the ECM. As the various functions of
CAN-OUT the vehicle is operated, the various waveforms are
CAN-IN
output to the ECM. It is very hard to analysis these
waveforms.
This drawing shows the LAN communication * The waveform of the No.3 is acquired from the
method. Conventionally, the communication method input signal to the ECM. It is similar to the waveform
in the Driver Door Module, the Assist Door Module, of the No., but the voltage is reversed as mentioned.
the ETACS and the Instrument ECM was the

SCK ②TX, RX

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Communication

c. When the communication line has a malfunction output as shown in below drawings. The left drawing
If a communication line has a problem, then the shows the waveform acquired from the
function related to the line will not be operated. So, communication line in normal operation, and the
the communication line is very important. Actually, in right drawing shows the waveform acquired from the
the service field, there are many case of malfunction communication line having the open circuit.
in the various functions resulted from the short circuit As you see, when the communication line is open,
or the open circuit at the communication lines. If a there is no waveform.
communication line is cut, then the waveform is

CLK CLK

D/IN D/IN

D/OUT D/OUT

Output of the Normal Waveform Output of the Opened Communication Line

MEMO

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Communication

Exercises

1. Explain about the merits when the communication is applied to the vehicle system.

2. Explain the differences in the Serial Communication and the Parallel Communication applied to the
vehicles. (CAN, Serial, MUX, PWM, LIN)

Serial Communication Parallel Communication

3. Explain why the CAN communication line has the resistor.

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2. LAN Communication
From now, we will study about the communication
system applied to the convenient devices. The
vehicle has many electric convenient devices. For
example, the ETACS function, the safety power
window control, the Anti-thief function, the IMS
function, etc, are there. In order to operate these
many electric systems, the power and ground
signals and the switches and sensors signals related
to these systems should be input. To do so, more
wire is needed, and then the malfunction possibilities
are more increased. To solve these problems, the
vehicle uses the communication systems in which
the ECMs are sharing data. Therefore, the wiring is
more simplified and the diagnosis can be possible by
the electric diagnosis equipments.
SAFETY SAFETY
ECM (FL) ECM (FR)
2.1. Communication Method in each
Module
A. Communication method 1.
The line is the main communication line using two
lines communication. The Driver Door Module, the
Assist Door Module, the Instrument ECM and the
ETACS communicate with the line .
The line is the simplex communication using the 1-
line. The communication between the driver door
module and the safety ECM at each window, and the
communication between the Front ECM and the
Cluster and the multi-function switch ECM are using
the simplex communication.
The line is the communication using the three lines
used in the 3-line synchronous communication of the
ECM. The communication between the driver door
module and the IMS power seat ECM and the
electric steering ECM and the communication
between the ETACS and the Receiver are using the
3-line synchronous communication.
The line is the duplex serial communication using
the one line. As the communication terminal between
the assist door module and the scanner, it is the
terminal for self-diagnosis, the sensor output and the
actuator driving.

2
CLUSTER INSTRU-MENT ECM
2 FRONT
SAFETY SAFETY ECM
ECM (RL) ECM (RR)

MULTI FUNCTION SWITCH ECM

2
2DRIVER DOOR MODULE

1
ASSIST DOOR MODULE
4
SCANNER
3
RECEIVER ETACS
3

IMS ECU IMS ECU 23 Chonan Technical Service Training Center

`(POWER SEAT) (STEERING)
Communication

B. Communication method 2.

2 RECEIVER
SAFETY SAFETY
ECM (FL) ECM (FR)

CLUSTER 4 FRONT
ETACS
SAFETY SAFETY
ECM (RL) ECM (RR)
ECU(RR)
ECM

MULTI FUNCTION SWITCH ECM

2 1
5

INSTRU-MENT ECM 4
DRIVER DOOR MODULE

ASSIST DOOR MODULE

3
SCANNER

IMS ECM IMS ECM

(POWER SEAT) (STEERING)

The line is for the 2-line CAN communication
method in the same manner. The conventional
method for communicating the main four ECMs with
each other is changed as that the ETACS and the
Instrument ECM communicate using the 2-line CAN
method, and the driver door module, the assist door
module and the Instrument ECM communicate using
the 3-line synchronous method. The reason is that
the 3-line synchronous communication can transmit
the data accurately even it is somewhat slower than
conventional method.
The line is the 3-line synchronous communication.
The circuit comprises of the SCK, the TX, and the
RX line. Here, it is careful for maintenance that the
conventional circuit is little bit different with the main
communication. The Instrument ECM and the driver
door module and the assist door module are
changed into the 3-line communication.
The line is the duplex serial communication using
one line, as in conventional method.
The line and the line are the simplex
communication as in conventional method.

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2.2 The Main Communication

The main communication is, as it means, the central
communication line. The data communicating
between the ECMs is transmitted by this main line.
The communication line is the main communication
using the 2-line CAN communication. As explained
in the former chapter, the 2-line CAN communication
uses the method for sending the data to the BUS-A
and the BUS-B. There are two methods in main
communication, the one is the vehicle type doing the
main communication using the 2-line and the other is
the vehicle type doing the main communication
using the 3-line.
The main communication between the ETACS and
the Instrument ECM, the driver door module, and the
assist door module uses the 2-line CAN
communication. That is, these modules are the
mains. By these modules, the data is transmitted
and received and the output is performed.

2.2.1 The Communication Diagram

■ The 2-line Main Communication

INSTRU-MENT ECM

DRIVER DOOR MODULE ASSIST DOOR MODULE

BUS-A

BUS-B

ETACS

■ The 3-line Main Communication

I/P
ETACS
ECU

INSTRU-MENT ECM
ETACS

DRIVER DOOR MODULE ASSIST DOOR MODULE

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2.2.2 The 2-line CAN communication

■ Input/Output Elements of the ETACS

INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT

B+, ACC, IG1, IG2 Seat belt warning

Alternator “L” signal Rear window defogger timer
Steering lock switch control
Hood switch IG keyhole illumination
Trunk switch IG key operate warning
Trunk key switch Power window timer control
ETACS
Hazard warning lamp switch Central door lock/unlock control
Rear window defogger switch Ignition key reminder
Front left door switch Crash door unlock
Rear left door switch Trunk open control
Rear left door lock switch Auto door lock control
“P” position switch Decay room lamp control
Crush detection sensor Turning & Hazard lamp control
■ Input/Output Elements
B+(Door lock, Turn signal) of the Instrument ECM Anti-thief control

INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT

Auto light sensor Front ECM

Wiper control
Fog lamp switch
Auto light control
Vehicle speed sensor
Tail lamp auto cut control
Wiper intermittent volume switch
Headlamp control INSTRU-MENT
Oil pressure switch
Warning lamp output control
Washer fluid level sensor
Parking brake switch ECM
Check engine
Hold switch
Cluster ECM
Inhibitor switch (P, R, N, D, 4, 3, 2)
Indicators output control
Sports mode switch (A/T)
Warning lamps output control
PWM signal (5,4,3,2,1)
ECS EX-HI
ECS HI
ECS Sports, IGN 2, B＋

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■ Input/Output Elements of the Driver Door Module

INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT

Trunk Open
PowerSwitch
window control
CentralPower
Door lock/unlock switch control
window lock/unlock
Front left door door
Central lock/unlock switch
lock/unlock control
Front left door key
Outside unlock
mirror switch control
fold/unfold DRIVER DOOR MODULE
Power Outside
window mirror
lock/unlock switch
reverse control (down)
OutsideMirror
mirrorcontrol
fold/unfold
by theswitch
manual switch
OutsideMemory
mirror selection switchcontrol by TX
and reminding
Room mirror
Memory selection switch control by memory switch
and reminding
Room mirror
Outsideup/down/left/right
mirror control switch
Outside mirror up/down/left/right switch

Memory (M) switch

Position 1, 2 switches
Power window switch
(All door auto up/down) *DDM: Driver Door Module

■ Input/Output Elements of the Assist Door Module

INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT

Assistswitch
Assist door door side mirror control
Mirror
Rear right memory
door switch& reminder by TX
Side key
Assist door mirror memory/reminder by memory switch
switch
Outside
Assist door lockmirror
switchreverse control (down) ASSIST DOOR MODULE
Power
Assist door window
unlock up/down
switch
Power Communication
window up/downwith scanner
switch
Assist door outside mirror left/right sensor
Assist door outside mirror up/down sensor
B+
ACC
IG2

*ADM: Assist Door Module

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■ The Actual Waveform of the 2-line Main Communication

The waveform is acquired from the BUS-A, and the fast, it is hard to measure it exactly.
upper waveform is from the BUS-B. The BUS-A has
the voltage of 0V and then it output the voltage of
2.5V when the data is output. The BUS-B has the
voltage of 5V and then it output the voltage of 2.5V
when the data is output. As you see on the BUS-A
waveform, when the voltage is changed, at that time,
the data is output. However, it is very difficult to
analyze this waveform using this equipment.
Because the transmission speed of the data is very

BUS-B

PLAY CURS RECD SAVE

■ Circuit diagram applying the 2-line Main Communication
ETACS Signal Horn Defogger Hazard
ground switch switch switch

Joint
connector

Instrument Defogger

Turn signal and

Horn Hazard lamp

Instrument Driver Assist

ECM door door
module module

The ETACS, the Instrument ECM, the driver door The communication line comprising the BUS-A and
module and the assist door module communicate the BUS-B is connected with the joint connector.
each other using the 2-line CAN communication.

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■ Waveform at the short circuit/open circuit of communication & the Self-Diagnosis Code
▶ Waveform when the BUS-B has the short circuit to the chasses & Self-Diagnosis Code
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES

NO TROUBLE CODE
BUS-B

BUS-A
PLAY CURS RECD SAVE ERAS HELP

Even the BUS-B is shorted to the chasses (or open the circuit), when the BUS-A is normal, then the system is
operated normally, and the self-diagnosis is normally output. When the BUS-A is shorted, it is the same.

▶ When both the BUS-A and the BUS-B are shorted

HOLD MOVE CURS UNIT

If both the BUS-A and the BUS-B are shorted at the same time, the waveform is like the above figure and the
result of the self-diagnosis is the communication error.

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▶ When both the BUS-A and the BUS-B are opened.

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES
0016 DRIVER DOOR MODULE (DDR) COMM. ERROR

NUMBER OF DTC: 1 ITEM

HOLD MOVE CURS UNIT ERASE HELP

■ Actual Waveform of the 3-line Synchronous Communication

TX RX

SCK SCK

PLAY CURS RECD SAVE PLAY CURS RECD SAVE

▶ The SCK is the CLOCK line, the central line of diagnosis will be output.
communication among the computer. That is the ▶ The ECM transmits the data to the line TX and
SCK is installed for preventing the time difference of receives the data from the line RX.
the data at the communication with TX and RX. If
this SCK line has short circuit or open circuit, then
the system is not operated and the result of the self-

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2.2.3 The 3-line Main Communication Circuit

Instrument
ECM

JOINT
CONNEC-
TOR

1 2 3 4

ASSIST DRIVER
DOOR DOOR
MODULE MODULE

This circuit is the main communication circuit

applying the 3-line synchronous communication
method. The ETACS and the Instrument ECM uses
the conventional communication method, the 2-line
communication of the BUS-A and the BUS-B. (Line
and line )
However, the Instrument ECM, the driver door
module and the assist door module are the 3-line
synchronous communication circuit. (Line , line and
line ) Please remember that the driving and checking
methods for the main communication are different
according to the manufacturing date of the vehicles.

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2.3 Sub Communication

The sub communication is the communication
between the ECM using main communication and
the other ECMs. In other words, this is for
communication with the ECM, which cannot
communicate through the main communication line.
Some of these ECMs are transmitting the data to the
main ECM, others are outputting for the driving the
motors or actuators by receiving the data from the
main ECM. Here, let me introduce the ECMs related
to the sub communication outputting the signals.
2.3.1 Communication between the driver door
module and the IMS ECM (Power Seat, Eclectic
Steering)
■ Communication Diagram
The communication line between the driver door
module and the IMS ECM is the sub communication
comprising the 3 lines. This is the 3-line
synchronous communication method explained in
the chapter of the general of the communication. The
line is the communication line, comprising the SCK,
the TX and the RX.

ETACS

IMS ECM 1
(SEAT) INSTRU-MENT ECM

DRIVER ASSIST
DOOR MODULE DOOR MODULE

IMS ECM
(STEERING)

■ Input/Output Elements
INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT

B+ Slide motor
B+(Power) Recline motor
Ignition 1 Tilt motor
I
Slide position sensor Height motor
Recline position sensor
M
Tilt position sensor
Height position sensor
S
Slide switch
Recline switch
Tilt switch E
Height switch
C
Driver door module
SCK M
TX
RX

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■ 3-line Synchronous Communication Output Waveform

TX RX

SCK SCK

PLAY CURS RECD SAVE PLAY CURS RECD SAVE

(When the IMS is operating & when it is not operating)

The previous waveforms are acquired form the SCK
and the TX at the same time, and from the SCK and
the RX at the same time. At the waveform of the
SCK and the RX, the RX does not output. The
reason is that the RX waveform is not output in
normal state (The system is operated or not
operated), only when the diagnosis is performed with
the equipment, the waveform shall be output as
shown in below.

TX RX

SCK SCK

PLAY CURS RECD SAVE PLAY CURS RECD SAVE

(IMS Self-Diagnosis)

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■ Waveform & Self-diagnosis Code at the Short/Open circuit at the communication line
▶ When the SCK line is opened
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE

0006 ELECTRIC TILT ECM COMM. ERROR

TX

s ck
NUMBER OF DTC: 1 ITEM
PLAY CURS RECD SAVE ERAS HELP

▶ When the SCK line is shorted to the chasses ground

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE

0006 ELECTRIC TILT ECM COMM. ERROR

NUMBER OF DTC: 1 ITEM

PLAY CURS RECD SAVE ERAS HELP
▶ The other Cases

TX TX

SCK SCK
PLAY CURS RECD SAVE PLAY CURS RECD SAVE

When the SCK line is shorted with the RX line When the SCK line is shorted with the TX line

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■ Actual Circuit
HOT AT ACC OR ON
PASSENGER
See Power
COMPARTMENT
Distribution
JUNCTION
FUSE 22 BLOCK DRIVER
운전석 DOOR MODULE
도어모듈
10A

See Passenger
Compartment
See
Fuse Details
Illuminations

IMS
MEMORY
IND. SWITCH

ILL.

1 2 3

JOINT
See Ground
CONNECTOR
Distribution

To
Tilt Control Module

SHIFT
IMS CONTROL
파워씨트 MODULE
ECU LEVER TILT CONTROL
전동틸트 MODULE
ECU
SWITCH

The No. communication line is the standard
waveform, the SCK. The Clock line is installed to
prevent the time difference between the TX and the
RX communications. The No. communication line is
for data output from the driver door module to the
IMS control module(power seat) and the electric tilt
control module. If this line has the short circuit or the
open circuit, then the memory or reminding
operation of the IMS device is impossible.
The No. communication line is for data output from
IMS control module (power seat) and the electric tilt
control module. In this circuit, there are no TX and
RX because the TX and RX are relative according to
viewpoint of each ECM.

2.3.2 Communication between the ETACS and Receiver (Duplex Communication)

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■ Communication Diagram

INSTRU-MENT ECM

DRIVER DOOR MODULE ASSIST DOOR MODULE

ETACS

RECEIVER

The ETACS receives the operation signal of the related ECM shall output its function. The No. line is
transmitter from the receiver. The data in this signal for the communication between the ETACS and the
from the 3-line synchronous communication is receiver.
uploaded on the main communication line. Then the

■ Input/Output Elements

RECEIVER ETACS

Door lock/unlock requiring signal Status signal

Mirror folding/unfolding requiring signal Parking brake signal
SCK
Trunk Open Requiring Signal “P” position signal
Power window up/down Signal Alternator signal
TX
TX 1 and 2 Distinguishing Signal Check engine signal
Start signals Ignition 2 signal
RX
ETACS Former State Signal Hold switch signal
Trunk switch signal
All door switch signal
All door lock signal

■ 3-line Synchronous Communication Output Waveform

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Communication

SCK SCK

TX TX

HOLD MOVE CURS UNIT PLAY CURS RECD SAVE

Waveform without transmitter operation Waveform with transmitter operation

▶ When the SCK is opened and shorted to the ground

SCK

TX

PLAY CURS RECD SAVE HOLD MOVE CURS UNIT

When the SCK is opened. When the SCK is shorted to the ground.

⇒ When the SCK line is opened or shorted, the system is not operated with the transmitter.

▶ When the TX line is opened and the TX and RX lines are shorted

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Communication

SCK

TX
PLAY CURS RECD SAVE PLAY CURS RECD SAVE

When TX line is opened. When TX and RX are shorted.

⇒ When the TX line is opened, the transmitter does not work at all.
⇒ When the RX line is opened, the Lock/Unlock is work with the transmitter but the starting engine is not work
with the transmitter.

■ Actual Circuit
BUZZER JOINT RECEIVER
POWER SOURCE
CONNE
CTOR
Remote
Ground Starting

STEERING JOINT
WHEEL CONNECTOR
LOCK
SWITCH

CHECK
CONNECTOR

RELAY
BOX

REMOTE
START
RELAY

BUZZER
STEERING WHEEL LOCK SWITCH

2.3.3 Communication between the Assist Door Module and the Scanner
■ Communication Diagram

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INSTRU-MENT ECM

DRIVER DOOR MODULE ASSIST DOOR MODULE

1
SCANNER

ETACS

The line is for communication between the Assist

door module and the Scanner. By this line, checking
the communication, inputting and outputting the
sensor data and the driving actuator shall be
performed. The communication with the diagnosis
equipment is the serial communication using the one
line.
※ What is the Serial Communication?
This does not output various data at the same time,
but in series. That is, after the data having the most
priority is output then the others are not accepted.
This communication method uses the simplex or the
duplex mode.
■ Waveform of Serial Communication
This waveform is acquired from the communication
line with the diagnosis equipment. When the KEY is
OFF, the voltage of 3V is measured, and then when
the KEY is ON, the voltage of 10.4V is output. When
the communication with the Scanner is beginning,
the data waveform is output.
KEY OFF KEY ON

■ Actual Circuit

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Data link connector

LAN communication Vehicle speed sensor A/C

Vehicle speed sensor

DRIVER A/CON
DOOR CONTROL
MODULE MODULE

This circuit is the terminal circuit of communication with the diagnosis equipment. The D23-2 terminal of the
Assist door module is connected with the connector 16 of the self-diagnosis equipment.

2.3.4 Communication between the Driver Door Module and the Safety ECM
(1-line Simplex Communication)

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M M

DRIVER DOOR MODULE ASSIST DOOR MODULE

M M SAFETY ECM (FL) SAFETY ECM (FR)

SAFETY ECM (RL) SAFETY ECM (RR)

REAR LEFT DOOR MODULE REAR RIGHT DOOR MODULE
M M
M M

Power window control by simplex communication

Power window control

The power window motor driving method of the LZ is

very different with the conventional method. ■ Communication waveform
In the left drawing, the power window motor is
connected to the door module at each window. That
is, the motor driving voltage is output through the
each door module when the power window switch is
operated.
However, the right drawing is different. When the
power window switch is operated at the driver
module, the data will be output through the
communication and transmits the data to the safety
ECM at each window. And then, the safety ECM
output the voltage for driving motor to operate the ]
window.

This waveform is acquired during operating the

power window at the driver door module. When the
power window switch is operated, the waveform is
continuously output to the window operation.

■ Actual Circuit

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Communication Junction box
POWER WINDOW MOTOR
Power window relay

POWER WINDOW LIMIT SWITCH

SAFETY WINDOW ECM (FRONT LEFT DOOR)

POWER WINDOW MODULE

(REAR RIGNT)

2 ILL (+)

DRIVER DOOR MODULE

ILL

Power window lock switch

Rear right switch Rear left switch Front right switch Front left switch
1

The No.6 and 7 terminals at the driver door module left switch of the ECM in the driver door module is
are the communication line outputting the data to connected to the GND terminal so the voltage of 0V
each safety ECM. The No. 7 is the communication is detected.
INSTRU-MENT FRONT
line outputting data to the front left doorCluster
safety ECM. The driver door module outputs the data through the
ECM
The No. 6 is the communication line outputting data ECM
No.7 communication line to the front left door safety
to the Assist and Rear doors safety ECM in parallel. ECM.
When the power window switch at the driver door After receiving the data, the safety ECM outputs the
SCK
MULTI FUNCTION SWITCH ECM
module is operated, the voltage applied to the front voltage to the motorTXto drive the motor.
1
2.3.5 Communication between
DRIVERthe Instrument
DOOR MODULE ECM and the Multi-Function Switch ECM (Simplex)
■ Communication diagram
ASSIST DOOR MODULE

ETACS
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Communication

This drawing is the communication diagram between
the Instrument ECM and the Multi function ECM.
When the Multi function switch is operated, the
related operating signal is input to the Instrument
ECM through the line . Here, the SCK line and the
TX line are the standard signal for the detecting the
short circuit or the open circuit because the signal of
the Multi function switch is the input signal to the
Instrument ECM. If the SCK line is opened or
shorted then the signal shall be output to the
diagnosis equipment.

■ Input/Output Signal

INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT

Signal relate to Lamps

Headlamp ON signal
Dimmer low signal
Passing switch INSTRU-MENT
Front ECM signal output
Tail lamp switch
Left turn signal lamp
ECM
Right turn signal lamp Related Warning Lamp Flickering.
Auto light switch

Signal relate to Wiper

Wiper low signal
Wiper high signal
Cluster ECM signal output
Intermittent wiper signal
Mist

■ Waveform & Self-Diagnosis at the normal operation of the system

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DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES

TX NO TROUBLE CODE

SCK
PLAY CURS RECD SAVE ERAS HELP

The waveform of the SCK is the standard waveform output continuously. The TX waveform is changed
according to the SCK waveform. The TX data output different waveform according to the function of the Multi
function
HOTswitch. The important
AT ALL TIMES HOT AT ON thing is that these two waveform shall be output at the same time. If any one line

does not output SEEthePOWER

waveform,
DIS
then JUNCTION
it is the communication error.
TRIBUTION BOX
▶ When the SCK line is opened
FUSE 29 FUSE 25 DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE
10A 10A
0013 MULTI FUNCTION COMM. ERROR
JUNCTION BO
SEE POWER DIS Front
TRIBUTION ECM X

NUMBER OF DTC: 1 ITEM

PLAY CURS RECD SAVE ERAS HELP
INSTRUMENT ECM
SCK drawing withTX
When the SCK line is opened, the waveform is as shown in above higher voltage. Furthermore, the
system does not operate and the error code of the self-diagnosis shall be output.

▶ When the TX line is opened

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE

WIPER
WASHER MIST
SWITCH
SWITCH 0013 MULTI FUNCTION COMM. ERROR
SWITCH

Multi-function ECM

NUMBER OF DTC: 1 ITEM

PLAY CURS RECD SAVE ERAS HELP
■ Actual Circuit SEE EARTH
DISTRIBUTION
JOINT
CONN
ECTYO
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Chonan Technical Service Training Center
Communication

This circuit is the communication circuit between the to the SCK and the TX. Receiving this data, the
Multi-function switch ECM and the Instrument ECM. Instrument ECM output the operation signal to the
When the M/F switch is operated, the data is output Front ECM and the Cluster ECM.

2.3.6 Communication between the Instrument ECM and the Cluster ECM (Simplex)

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■ Communication Diagram

1
CLUSTER INSTRUMENT FRONT ECM
ECM

MULTI-FUNCTION SWITCH ECM

DRIVER DOOR MODULE

DRIVER DOOR MODULE

ETACS

The input data from the M/F switch ECM and the the line . The Cluster ECM receives this signal to
main communication line is output to the Cluster turn on the warning lamp related this signal.
ECM through the line at the Instrument ECM through

■ Input/Output Elements

INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT

Signal Related to A/T

P, R, N, D, 4, 3, 2
HOLD S/W
SPORTS MODE

CLUSTER ECM
Signal Related to ECS
EX-HI
Turn on Related Warning Lamp
ECS-HI
ECS SPORTS

Multi-function switch
Headlamp high, low and passing

Other signal
Engine Warning, Door Open Signal

■ Communication waveform

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Communication

This waveform is the communication waveform

outputting from the Instrument ECM to the Cluster
ECM. This is the simplex serial communication.
When the each warning signal is output, the
waveform shall be changed little bit.

HOLD CURS MXMN GRID CLR

■ Actual Circuit

HOT AT ALL TIMES HOT AT ON OR

START JUNCTION
SEE POWER
BOX
DISTRIBUTION

FUSE 24 FUSE 26
15A 10A

INSTRUMENT
SEE FUSE
DISTRIBUTION
ECM

SEE FUSE
DISTRIBUTIO
N
JOINT
CONNECTOR
INSTRUMENT
CLUSTER

DOOR
AJAR

MICRO COMPUTER

When the warning ON signal is transmitted from the communication line has an error, then any warning
Instrument ECM, the Cluster ECM shall turn on the lamp on the Cluster shall not turn on.
related warning lamp. In other words, if the

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2.3.7 Communication between the Instrument ECM and the Front ECM (Simplex)
■ Communication Diagram

FRONT ECM INSTRU-ME The Instrument ECM transmits the data receiving
NT ECM from the main communication and the M/F ECM to
the Front ECM to control the rear lamp, head lamp
and wiper operation.
DRIVER D ASSIST
OOR MOD DOOR
ULE MODULE

ETACS

■ Input/output element

INPUT CONTROL INPUT

INSTRUMENT ECM Wiper low control

Wiper high signal F Wiper high control
Wiper low signal R Wiper mist control
Intermittent signal O Intermittent wiper control
Mist signal N Tail lamp relay control
Tail lamp signal T Fog lamp relay control
Headlamp low signal Headlamp low control
Headlamp high signal E Headlamp high control
Passing signal C Headlamp passing
Fog lamp switch M Washer control
Auto light switch

■ Communication waveform

HOLD CURS MXMN GRID CLR

■ Actual Circuit

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Communication

HOT AT ALL TIMES HOT AT ON

JUNCTION BOX
SEE POWER DISTRIBUTION

FUSE 29 FUSE 25
10A 10A

SEE FUSE DISTRIBUTION

FRONT ECM

INSTRUMENT ECM

MULTI FUNCTION
SWITCH
WIPER SWITCH
WASHER SWITCH MIST SWITCH

DELAY CONTROL

MICRO COMPUTER

This circuit is the circuit for transmitting the data from input to the Instrument ECM shall be output to the
the Instrument ECM to the Front ECM. The each Front ECM. Then the Front ECM controls the wiper
switch signals and the warning lamp ON signals operation and the headlamp operation.

Exercises

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1. Please explain the different points of main communication line.

Item

Communication between the DDM and the ADM

Communication between the DDM and the ETACS

Communication between the ETACS and the

Instrument ECM

Communication between the ETACS and the Receiver

2. Find the waveforms of the BUS-A and the BUS-B of the 2-line CAN communication and write the normal
state voltage.

BUS-B

BUS-A
PLAY CURS RECD SAVE

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