Australian Broadcasting Corporation

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) is the

national broadcaster of Australia. It is principally funded by Australian Broadcasting
direct grants from the Australian Government and is Corporation
administered by a government-appointed board. The ABC is a
publicly-owned body that is politically independent and fully
accountable, with its charter enshrined in legislation, the
Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983. ABC Type Statutory corporation
Commercial, a profit-making division of the corporation, also Mass media
Industry
helps to generate funding for content provision.
Predecessors Australian
The ABC was established as the Australian Broadcasting Broadcasting
Commission on 1 July 1932 by an act of federal parliament. It Commission
effectively replaced the Australian Broadcasting Company, a Australian
private company established in 1924 to provide programming Broadcasting
for A-class radio stations. The ABC was given statutory Company
powers that reinforced its independence from the government Founded 1 July 1932
and enhanced its news-gathering role. Modelled after the
Founder Lyons government
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), which is funded by a
television licence, the ABC was originally financed by Headquarters ABC Ultimo Centre
consumer licence fees on broadcast receivers. Licence fees Sydney, New South
were abolished in 1973 and replaced by direct government Wales, Australia
grants, as well as revenue from commercial activities related to Area served Worldwide
its core broadcasting mission. The ABC adopted its current
Key people David Anderson
name in 1983.[4]
(managing director)
The ABC provides radio, television, online, and mobile Ita Buttrose (chair)
services throughout metropolitan and regional Australia. ABC Revenue
Radio operates four national networks, a large number of ABC A$1.06 billion[1] (2019–
Local Radio stations, several digital stations, and the 20)
international service Radio Australia. ABC Television operates
Total assets A$1,401,757,000
five free-to-air channels, as well as the ABC iview streaming
(2019)[2]
service and the ABC Australia satellite channel. News and
current affairs content across all platforms is produced by the Owner Australian Government
news division. Number of 3,730[3] (2019–20)
employees
The postal address of the ABC in every Australian capital city
Website www.abc.net.au (http
is PO Box 9994, as a tribute to the record-breaking batting
s://www.abc.net.au/)
average of Australian cricketer Sir Donald Bradman.[5][6][7]

History

Origins
After public radio stations were established independently in the state capitals from 1924, a licensing
scheme administered by the Postmaster-General's Department was established, allowing certain stations
(with "Class A" licences") government funding, albeit with restrictions placed on their advertising
content.[8] In 1928, the government established the National Broadcasting Service to take over the 12 A-
Class licences as they came up for renewal, and contracted the Australian Broadcasting Company,[9] a
private company established in 1924,[10][11] to supply programs to the new national broadcaster.[9][12]

After it became politically unpopular to continue to allow the Postmaster-General to run the National
Broadcasting Service, the government established the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) on 1
July 1932, under the Australian Broadcasting Commission Act 1932.[13] to take over the Australian
Broadcasting Company and run the National Broadcasting Service.[14][15]

The ABC became informally referred to as "Aunty",[16][17][18] originally in imitation of the British
Broadcasting Corporation's nickname.[19] The structure and programming was broadly modelled on the
BBC, and programs not created in Australia were mostly bought in from the BBC.[9]

In 1940 one of the ABC Board's most prominent members, Dick Boyer, was appointed to the ABC,
becoming chairman on 1 April 1945. Today known for the continuing series of Boyer Lectures initiated by
him in 1959, he had a good but not too close working relationship with Sir Charles Moses (general
manager 1935–1965[20][21]), and remained chair until his retirement in 1961. He was determined to
maintain the autonomy of the ABC.[22]

War years

In 1942, The Australian Broadcasting Act was passed, giving the ABC the power to decide when, and in
what circumstances, political speeches should be broadcast. Directions from the minister about whether or
not to broadcast any matter now had to be made in writing, and any exercise of the power had to be
mentioned in the commission's annual report.[23]

1950–2000

The ABC commenced

television broadcasting in
1956. ABN-2 in Sydney
was inaugurated by Prime
Minister Robert Menzies on
5 November 1956, with the
The first broadcast of ABC TV,
first broadcast presented by
presented by Michael Charlton, 5
Michael Charlton, and
November 1956
James Dibble reading the
first television news James Dibble, reading the first ABC
bulletin. [24] Television relay facilities were not in place until the News television bulletin in NSW,
early 1960s, so news bulletins had to be sent to each capital city by 1956
teleprinter, to be prepared and presented separately in each city.[25]
In 1975, colour television was permanently introduced into
Australia, and within a decade, the ABC had moved into satellite broadcasting, greatly enhancing its ability
to distribute content nationally.[26]
Also in 1975, the ABC introduced a 24-hour-a-day AM rock station in Sydney, 2JJ (Double Jay), which
was eventually expanded into the national Triple J FM network.[26] A year later, a national classical music
network was established on the FM band, broadcasting from Adelaide. It was initially known as ABC-FM
(later ABC Classic FM) – referring both to its "fine music programming and radio frequency.[26]

ABC budget cuts began in 1976[27] and continued until 1998,[28] the largest cuts (calculated by the ABC
as 25% "in real terms") coming between 1985 and 1996.[29]

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983 changed the name of the organisation to the Australian
Broadcasting Corporation, effective 1 July 1983. Although funded and owned by the government, the
ABC remains editorially independent as ensured by the 1983 Act.[30] At the same time, the newly formed
corporation underwent significant restructuring, including a split into separate television and radio divisions,
and ABC Radio was restructured significantly again in 1985.[31] Geoffrey Whitehead was managing
director of the ABC at this time.[32] Following his resignation in 1986, David Hill (at the time chair of the
ABC Board) took over his position[33] and local production trebled from 1986 to 1991.[31]

Live television broadcasts of selected parliamentary sessions started

in 1990, and by the early 1990s, all major ABC broadcasting outlets
moved to 24-hour-a-day operation. In 1991, the corporation's
Sydney radio and orchestral operations moved to a new
building,[34] the ABC Ultimo Centre,[35] in the inner-city suburb of
Ultimo. In Melbourne, the ABC Southbank Centre was completed
in 1994.[34] International television service ABC Australia was
established in 1993, while at the same time Radio Australia
increased its international reach. Reduced funding in 1997 for
Radio Australia resulted in staff and programming cuts.[34]

The ABC Multimedia Unit was established in July 1995 to manage Ultimo Centre – the ABC's national
the new ABC website, which was launched in August.[34] headquarters in Sydney

The ABC was registered on the Australian Business Register as a

Commonwealth Government Entity on 1 November 1999.[36]

2000s–2010s

In 2001, digital television commenced (see Online, below). At the same time, the ABC's multimedia
division was renamed "ABC New Media", becoming an output division of the ABC alongside television
and radio.[37]

In 2002, the ABC launched ABC Asia Pacific, the replacement for the defunct Australia Television
International operated previously by the Seven Network.[33] A digital radio service, ABC DiG, was also
launched in November that year.

On 8 February 2008, ABC TV was rebranded as ABC1, and a new channel for children, ABC3, was
funded and announced by the Rudd government in June.[38][39] A new online video-on-demand service
launched in July of the same year, titled ABC iview.[40]

ABC News 24, now known as ABC News, a channel dedicated to news, launched on 22nd July 2010.[41]
On 20 July 2014, ABC1 reverted to its original name of ABC TV.[42]
In November 2014, a cut of A$254 million (4.6% [43]) to funding over the following five years together
with the additional unfunded cost of the news channel[44] meant that the ABC would have to shed about
10% of its staff, around 400 people. There were several programming changes, with regional and local
programming losing out to national programs, and the Adelaide TV production studio had to close.[45]

In November 2016, the ABC announced that ABC News 24, ABC NewsRadio, as well as its online and
digital news brands, would be rebranded under a unified ABC News brand,[46] which was launched on 10
April 2017.[47][48]

Michelle Guthrie took over from managing director Mark Scott, whose second five-year contract finished
in April 2016.[49] Between July 2017 and June 2018, the whole of the ABC underwent an organisational
restructure, after which the Radio and Television Divisions were no longer separate entities each under a
director, instead being split across several functional divisions,[50] with different teams producing different
genres of content for television, radio and digital platforms. The Entertainment & Specialist (E&S) team
focussed on comedy, kids' programs, drama, Indigenous-related programs, music, other entertainment and
factual content; the new ABC Specialist team created content across the arts, science, religion & ethics,
education and society & culture; while the Regional & Local team focussed on regional and local
content.[51]

Around 23 September 2018, Guthrie was sacked.[52] A leadership crisis ensued after allegations arose that
ABC Chair, Justin Milne, had, according to the MEAA, engaged in "overt political interference in the
running of the ABC that is in clear breach of the ABC charter and the role of the chairperson" by
interfering in editorial and staffing matters. After pressure for an independent inquiry or statement from
Milne, or his resignation, following meetings by ABC staff in various locations, on 27 September Milne
resigned.[53]

In February 2019, after the roles of ABC chair and managing director had been vacant for over four
months,[54][55] Ita Buttrose was named chair. Buttrose named David Anderson as managing director in
May 2019.[56]

On 5 June 2019, Australian Federal Police (AFP) raided the headquarters of the ABC looking for articles
written in 2017 about alleged misconduct by Australian special forces in Afghanistan, later dubbed the
Afghan Files.[57][58] The raid was countered by lawyers for the ABC in litigation against the AFP,
challenging the examination of over 9,200 documents, including internal emails.[59][60][61][62] In February
2020 the case was dismissed by the federal court.[63][64][65] In June 2020, the AFP sent a brief of evidence
to the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions (CDPP), the federal public prosecutor,
recommending charges be laid against journalist Dan Oakes for breaking the Afghan Files story,[66] but in
October 2020, the CDPP dropped the case.[67]

2020s

In June 2020, the ABC announced it needed to cut 229 jobs,[68] a number of programs, and reduce its
travel and production budgets after the Turnbull government's announcement of a freeze to indexation of its
budget in 2018[69] this was estimated at the time to cost the ABC A$84 million over three years, however
the actual appropriation did not decrease[70] and the ABC chair was quoted as saying it would actually
increase "but by a reduced amount".[71][72][73]

In all, over a five-year period, there were 737 redundancies, a further 866 resignations and 203 retirements,
but the total number of staff only fell by 313 due to the ABC hiring 650 staff over that period.[74]
In June 2021, the ABC announced its plan to move around 300 staff to offices in Parramatta, in a plan
which would see 75% of journalists and producers moving out of the Ultimo building by 2025 in order to
reduce costs. Rental from some of the vacant space in the city centre would earn additional income to offset
the ongoing effects of the significant funding cuts since 2014 and the recent indexation freeze.[75]

In December 2021 the ABC announced that, in addition to the 83 additional positions already established, it
was to create an additional "50-plus" new jobs in regional Australia as a result of commercial agreements
with digital platforms flowing from the Morrison government's News Media Bargaining Code.[76]

Lissajous curve logo

The Lissajous curve logo, as Lissajous figure on an

it appears on some properties oscilloscope, on which Bill
since October 1974–2002, Kennard designed the current The silver 2002 logo, which
and 2014 onwards. logo was used by the corporation
from 2002 to 2018.

The ABC logo is one of the most recognisable logos in Australia.[77][78][79] In the early years of television,
the ABC had been using Lissajous curves as fillers between programmes.[80] In July 1963, the ABC
conducted a staff competition to create a new logo for use on television, stationery, publications,
microphone badges and ABC vehicles.[81][82] In 1965, ABC graphics designer Bill Kennard submitted a
design representing a Lissajous display, as generated when a sine wave signal is applied to the "X" input of
an oscilloscope and another at three times the frequency at the "Y" input. The letters "ABC" were added to
the design and it was adopted as the ABC's official logo. Kennard was presented with £25 (about AU$715
in 2021) for his design.[81]

On 19 October 1974, the Lissajous curve design experienced its first facelift with the line thickened to
allow for colour to be used. It would also be treated to the 'over and under' effect, showing the crossover of
the line in the design. To celebrate its 70th anniversary on 1 July 2002, the ABC adopted a new logo,
which was created by (Annette) Harcus Design in 2001. This logo used a silver 3D texture but the
crossover design was left intact and was then used across the ABC's media outlets. After the on-air revival
of the 1974 logo since 2014, the ABC gradually reinstated the classic symbol.[83] The most recent change
happened in February 2018, with a new logotype and brand positioning under its tagline, Yours.[84] The
2002 silver logo is no longer in use by the corporation.

Governance and structure

The operations of the ABC are governed by a board of directors,[85] consisting of a managing director,[86]
five to seven directors,[86] and until 2006, a staff-elected director.[86][87] The managing director is
appointed by the board for a period of up to five years, but is eligible for renewal.[88] The authority and
guidelines for the appointment of directors is provided for in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act
1983.[30][89][90]
Appointments to the ABC Board made by successive governments have often resulted in criticism of the
appointees' political affiliation, background, and relative merit.[91][92] Past appointments have associated
directly with political parties – five of fourteen appointed chairmen have been accused of political affiliation
or friendship, include Richard Downing and Ken Myer (both of whom publicly endorsed the Australian
Labor Party at the 1972 election),[33] as well as Sir Henry Bland. David Hill was close to Neville Wran,
while Donald McDonald was considered to be a close friend of John Howard.

From 2003 the Howard government made several controversial appointments to the ABC Board, including
prominent ABC critic Janet Albrechtsen,[93] Ron Brunton,[94] and Keith Windschuttle.[92][95]

During their 2007 federal election campaign, Labor announced plans to introduce a new system, similar to
that of the BBC, for appointing members to the board.[96][97] Under the new system, candidates for the
ABC Board would be considered by an independent panel established "at arm's length" from the
Communications Minister.[98] If the minister chose someone not on the panel's shortlist, they would be
required to justify this to parliament. The ABC chairman would be nominated by the prime minister and
endorsed by the leader of the opposition.[96][99][100]

A new merit-based appointment system was announced on 16 October 2008, in advance of the new
triennial funding period starting in 2009.[101][102]

As of June 2021 board members are:[103]

Name Functional role Start of term Notes / reference

Ita Buttrose Chair 7 March 2019 Term ends 6 March 2024[104][105]

David Anderson Managing director 6 May 2019 Term ends 6 March 2024[106][105]

Jane Connors Staff-elected director 1 May 2018 Term ends 30 April 2023[107][105]

Joe Gersh 11 May 2018 Term ends 10 May 2023[108][105]

First term ended 1 October 2019
Peter Lewis 2 October 2014
Second term ends 1 October 2024[109][105]

Georgie Somerset 23 February 2017 Term ends 22 Feb 2022[110][105]

Fiona Balfour 13 May 2021 Term ends 12 May 2026[111][105]

Mario D'Orazio 13 May 2021 Term ends 12 May 2026[112][105]

Peter Tonagh 13 May 2021 Term ends 12 May 2026[113][105]

As of July 2020 there were 3,730 employees,[3] down from 4,649 in 2019.[2]

Funding
The ABC is primarily funded by the Australian government, in addition to some revenue received from
commercial offerings and its retail outlets. The ABC's funding system is set and reviewed every three
years.[114]

Until 1948, the ABC was funded directly by radio licence fees; amendments were also made to the
Australian Broadcasting Act that meant the ABC would receive its funding directly from the federal
government. Licence fees remained until 1973, when they were abolished by the Whitlam Labor
government, on the basis that the near-universality of television and radio services meant that public
funding was a fairer method of providing revenue for government-owned radio and television broadcasters.
In 2014, the ABC absorbed A$254 million in federal budget deficits.[115]

Since the 2018 budget handed down by then-Treasurer Scott Morrison, the ABC has been subject to a
pause of indexation of operation funding, saving the federal government a total of A$83.7 million over 3
years.[116] In fiscal year 2016–17, the ABC received A$861 million in federal funding, which increased to
$865  million per year from 2017 to 2018 to 2018–19, representing a cut in funding of $43  million over
three years when accounting for inflation.[50][51][117] In 2019–20, the federal budget forecast funding of
$3.2 billion over three years ($1.06 billion per year) for the ABC.[1] The Enhanced Newsgathering Fund, a
specialised fund for regional and outer-suburban news gathering set up in 2013 by the Gillard
government,[118][119] currently sits at $44  million over three years, a reduction of $28  million per year
since the 2016 Australian federal election. This came after speculation that the fund would be removed, to
which ABC Acting managing director David Anderson wrote to Communications Minister Mitch Fifield
expressing concerns.[115]

However, despite the cuts made by Prime Minister Tony Abbott and Communications Minister Malcolm
Turnbull and the freeze introduced by Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull and Communications Minister
Mitch Fifield, the ABC itself has published financial data that shows an increase in the taxpayer
appropriation to the ABC of 10% in real terms (i.e. above inflation) between 1998 and 2021.[120]

The term "where your 8 cents a day goes", coined in the late 1980s during funding negotiations,[121] is
often used in reference to the services provided by the ABC.[122] It was estimated that the cost of the ABC
per head of population per day was 7.1 cents a day, based on the corporation's 2007–08 "base funding" of
A$543 million.[123]

Services

Radio

The ABC operates 54 local radio stations, in addition to four

national networks and international service Radio Australia. In
addition, DiG Radio (rebranded as Double J in 2014[124][125])
launched on digital platforms in 2002,[126] and later spinning off
ABC Country and ABC Jazz.

ABC Local Radio is the corporation's flagship radio station in each

broadcast area. There are 54 individual stations, each with a similar
format consisting of locally presented light entertainment, news, talk ABC Brisbane headquarters in South
back, music, sport and interviews, in addition to some national Bank
programming such as AM, PM, The World Today, sporting events
and Nightlife.

As of June 2021 the ABC operates 15 radio networks, variously available on AM and FM as well as on
digital platforms and the internet.[127]

Radio National – A generalist station, also known as RN, broadcasting more than 60 special
interest programmes per week covering a range of topics including music, comedy, book
readings, radio dramas, poetry, science, health, the arts, religion, social history and current
affairs.
ABC NewsRadio – A news based service, also known as ABC News on Radio,
broadcasting federal parliamentary sittings and news on a 24/7 format with updates on the
 quarter-hour. Broadcast's news content produced by the ABC itself, as well as programmes
relayed from ABC Radio Australia, the BBC World Service, NPR, Deutsche Welle, Radio
Netherlands and CNN Radio.
ABC Classic – A classical music based station, formerly known as ABC Classic FM. It also
plays some jazz and world music. ABC Classic was the ABC's first FM radio service. It was
originally known simply as "ABC FM", and for a short time "ABC Fine Music".
Triple J – A youth-oriented radio network, with a strong focus on alternative and independent
music (especially Australian artists); it is targeted at people aged 18–35.

The ABC also operates several stations only available online and on digital platforms:

ABC Classic 2 – a sister station to ABC Classic, focussing on performances by Australian

artists. Only available on streaming platforms.
Double J – a Triple J sister station, focussed on an older audience to Triple J.
Triple J Unearthed – a Triple J sister station, playing unsigned and independent Australian
talent.
Triple j Hottest - a Triple J sister station, playing tracks from the past 30 years of Triple J
Hottest 100 countdowns.
ABC Jazz – A station exclusively dedicated to Jazz from Australia and the world.
ABC Country – A exclusively country music station, mainly focussing on Australian country
music.
ABC Grandstand – Since November 2020 merged to ABC Sport.[128]
ABC Extra – A temporary special events station.
ABC Kids – Children's based programming, and a sister station to the ABC Kids television
channel.

There is also ABC Radio Australia, the international radio station of the ABC (see below).

Television

The ABC operates five national television channels:[129]

ABC TV (formerly ABC1 from 2008 to 2014), the corporation's original television service,
receives the bulk of funding for television and shows first-run comedy, drama,
documentaries, and news and current affairs. In each state and territory a local news bulletin
is shown at 7 pm nightly.
ABC TV Plus (formerly ABC2 and ABC Comedy), launched in 2005, shows comedic content
in addition to some repeats from ABC TV of which the amount has decreased gradually
since ABC TV Plus's inception. It is not a 24-hour channel, but is broadcast daily from
7:30 pm to around 3 am the following night. The channel shares airspace with the ABC Kids
programming block from 5 am to 7:30 pm.
ABC Me (originally ABC3) became a fully fledged channel on 4 December 2009, but has
been part of the electronic guide line-up since 2008, broadcasting an ABC1 simulcast until 4
December 2009, then an ABC Radio simulcast and teaser graphic until its official launch. It
is broadcast from 6 am to around 10 pm on weekdays and 6 am to 2 am the next day on
weekends, and consists of a broad range programmes aimed at a young audience aged 6–
15, with a core demographic of 8–12.
ABC Kids (formerly ABC For Kids on 2 and ABC 4 Kids) is a preschool children's block
featuring children's programming aimed at the 0 to 5 age groups. ABC Kids broadcasts
during ABC TV Plus downtime, from 5 am to 7:30 pm daily.
 ABC News (originally ABC News 24), a 24-hour news channel, featuring the programming
from ABC News and Current Affairs, selected programs from the BBC World News channel,
coverage of the Federal Parliament's Question Time, documentaries and factual, arts
programming and state or national election coverage.

Although the ABC's headquarters in Sydney serve as a base for program distribution nationally, ABC
Television network is composed of eight state- and territory-based stations, each based in their respective
state capital and augmented by repeaters:

ABN (Sydney)
ABV (Melbourne)
ABQ (Brisbane)
ABS (Adelaide)
ABW (Perth)
ABT (Hobart)
ABC (Canberra)
ABD (Darwin)

The eight ABC stations carry opt outs for local programming. In addition to the nightly 7  pm news, the
stations also broadcast weekly state editions of 7.30 on Friday evenings (until 5 December 2014), state
election coverage and in most areas, live sport on Saturday afternoons.

There is also ABC Australia, the international TV service of the ABC (see below).

Online and digital

ABC Online is the name given to the online services of the ABC, which have evolved to cover a large
network of websites including those for ABC News, its various television channels, ABC radio; podcasts;
SMS, mobile apps and other mobile phone services; vodcasts and video-on-demand through ABC
iView.[130]

The official launch of ABC Online, then part of the ABC's Multimedia Unit, was on 14 August 1995,[130]
charged with developing policy for the ABC's work in web publishing. At first it relied upon funding
allocation to the corporation's TV and radio operations, but later began to receive its own. The ABC
provided live, online election coverage for the first time in 1996, and limited news content began to be
provided in 1997.[34] This unit continued until 2000, when the New Media division was formed, bringing
together the ABC's online output as a division similar to television or radio. In 2001 the New Media
division became New Media and Digital Services, reflecting the broader remit to develop content for digital
platforms such as digital television, becoming an "output division" similar to Television or Radio.[37] In
addition to ABC Online, the division also had responsibility over the ABC's two digital television services,
Fly TV and the ABC Kids channel, until their closure in 2003.[131]

ABC TV Plus, a digital-only free-to-air television channel, launched on 7 March 2005, as ABC2. Unlike
its predecessors the new service was not dependent on government funding, instead running on a budget of
A$3 million per year.[33] Minister for Communications Helen Coonan inaugurated the channel at
Parliament House three days later.[132] Genre restrictions limiting the types of programming the channel
could carry were lifted in October 2006 – ABC TV Plus (then ABC2) was henceforth able to carry
programming classified as comedy, drama, national news, sport, and entertainment.[133]
In conjunction with the ABC's radio division, New Media and Digital Services implemented the ABC's
first podcasts in December 2004. By mid-2006 the ABC had become an international leader in podcasting
with over fifty podcast programmes delivering hundreds of thousands of downloads per week,[134]
including trial video podcasts of The Chaser's War on Everything and jtv.[135]

In February 2007, the New Media & Digital Services division was dissolved and divided up among other
areas of the ABC. It was replaced by a new Innovation division, to manage ABC Online and investigate
new technologies for the ABC.[136]

In 2008, Crikey reported that certain ABC Online mobile sites in development were planned to carry
commercial advertising.[137] Screenshots, developed in-house, of an ABC Grandstand sport page include
advertising for two private companies. Media Watch later revealed that the websites were to be operated by
ABC Commercial and distinguished from the main, advertising-free, mobile website by a distinct logo.[138]

In 2015 the Innovation Division was replaced with the Digital Network Division.[139] Angela Clark was
head from 2012 until at least the end of financial year 2015/6,[140] but by 2017 she was gone, and the
Digital Network fell into the Technology division under the Chief Technology Officer.[50]

In May 2017, Helen Clifton was appointed to the new role of Chief Digital and Information
Officer,[141][142] which continues as of June 2020.[143]

In December 2019, a refreshed ABC homepage was launched.[144] ABC News is one of Australia's largest
and most-visited web sites; from its position as 11th most popular in the country in 2008,[145] in recent
years up to 2021 it has maintained top position in the rankings.[146][147][148]

International

ABC International is responsible for its international operations, which include the internationally broadcast
Radio Australia, the Asia-Pacific TV channel ABC Australia,[149] and its ABC International Development
(ABCID) branch.[150]

In June 2012 Lynley Marshall, former head of ABC Commercial, was appointed CEO of ABC
International, filling a role left empty by the retirement of Murray Green.[149] At the time, it was intended
that Radio Australia, ABC Australia and ABC News would work together more closely[151] ABC
International was at this time a division of the ABC, but it has not been represented as a separate division in
the organisational structure of the ABC since 2016,[152]<ref[140][50][51][2][143] after Marshall's departure in
February 2017.[153]

There were fears of job losses in the division after the huge budget cuts in 2014, as well as an earlier
termination of a A$220 million contract with the Department of Foreign Affairs, one year into the 10-year
contract.[154]

On 24 May 2021, Claire Gorman was appointed to an expanded role to manage both the International
Strategy and the International Development teams.[155]

ABC Australia is an international satellite television service operated by the Australian Broadcasting
Corporation, funded by advertising and grants from the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Aimed at
the Asia-Pacific region, the service broadcasts a mixture of English language programming, including
general entertainment, sport, and current affairs.
Radio Australia is an international satellite and internet radio service with transmissions aimed at South-East
Asia and the Pacific Islands, although its signals are also audible in many other parts of the world. It
features programmes in various languages spoken in these regions, including Mandarin, Indonesian,
Vietnamese, Khmer and Tok Pisin. Before 31 January 2017 Radio Australia broadcast short-wave radio
signals. Radio Australia bulletins are also carried on WRN Broadcast, available via satellite in Europe and
North America.

ABC International Development, or ABCID, is a media development unit that promotes public interest
journalism and connects with local media in the region. ABCID employs local people in Papua New
Guinea and many Pacific countries.[156][157] The team "provides expertise, training, technical and program
support to partner organisations", by working with a variety of organisations, including international
development donors,[2] for example through the through the Pacific Media Assistance Scheme
(PACMAS).[158]

Independence and impartiality

Under the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983,[30] the ABC Board is bound to "maintain the
independence and integrity of the Corporation" and to ensure that "the gathering and presentation by the
Corporation of news and information is accurate and impartial according to the recognized standards of
objective journalism".

In relation to impartiality and diversity of perspectives, the current ABC editorial policy requires of the
broadcaster that:[159]

...the ABC gather and present news and information with impartiality and presents a diversity
of perspectives so that, over time, no significant strand of thought or belief within the
community is knowingly excluded or disproportionately represented. The broadcaster is
expected to take no editorial stance other than a commitment to fundamental democratic
principles.

— ABC Editorial Policy

ABC Commercial
The commercial arm of the ABC was established in 1974 under the name Enterprises as a self-funding unit,
marketing products relating to the ABC's activities. It was renamed in 2007 to ABC Commercial,[160][136]
The aim of ABC Commercial was "to create, market and retail high quality consumer products which
reflect and extend the scope of the ABC’s activities".[160] At this time it comprised the ABC Shop, ABC
Consumer Publishing and Content Sales, ABC Resource Hire, and ABC Content Services
(Archives).[161][162]

ABC Commercial was registered as a business name under Australian Broadcasting Corporation in April
2007 and continues to exist as of June 2021.[36] It includes ABC Music, a leading independent record
label; ABC Events, which stages concerts and other events; and publishing and licensing activities by ABC
Books, ABC Audio, ABC Magazines and ABC Licensing.[163]

ABC Shop Online was wound up at the end of 2018, along with the in-store ABC Centres.[164] In early
2019, ABC Commercial split from the Finance division and became an independent business unit of the
ABC.
In the financial year 2018–2019, ABC Commercial turned a profit of A$4.4 million, which was invested in
content production.[163]

The ABC Studios and Media Production hires out some of the ABC studios and sound stages, operating as
part of ABC Commercial. The studios for hire are in Sydney (Studios 21, 22, 16), Melbourne (31),
Adelaide (51B) and Perth (61).[165]

Orchestras
"Majestic Fanfare"
0:00 / 0:00

The original ABC News and Current Affairs theme music. In the mid-1980s ABC Television changed
to its own news theme, while the "Majestic Fanfare" is still used for radio news bulletins.

Problems playing this file? See media help.

Up until the installation of disc recording equipment in 1935, all content broadcast on the ABC was
produced live, including music.[14] For this purpose, the ABC established broadcasting orchestras in each
state, and in some centres also employed choruses and dance bands. This became known as the ABC
Concert Music Division, which was controlled by the Federal Director of Music – the first of whom was
W. G. James.[166]

In 1997, the ABC divested all ABC orchestras from the Concerts department of the ABC into separate
subsidiary companies, allied to a service company known as Symphony Australia,[167][34] and on 1
January 2007 the orchestras were divested into independent companies.[168] The six state orchestras are:

Adelaide Symphony Orchestra

Melbourne Symphony Orchestra
Queensland Symphony Orchestra
Sydney Symphony Orchestra
Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra
West Australian Symphony Orchestra

ABC Friends
ABC Friends, formerly Friends of the ABC (FABC), consists of independent organisations in each state
and territory, under an umbrella organisation established in December 2016, ABC Friends National Inc. In
1976, three independent groups were formed: Aunty's Nieces and Nephews in Melbourne, Friends of the
ABC (NSW) Inc.[169] (now ABC Friends NSW & ACT[170]) and Friends of the ABC (SA) (since
2007/2008, ABC Friends SA/NT).[171] The groups were formed by citizens who were concerned about
government threats to make deep cuts to the ABC's budget. Historian Ken Inglis wrote that "The Friends
were in the line of those people who had affirmed over the years that the ABC was essential to the nation".
Over the years, independent state organisations were established, run by committees, and in January 2014
the name of each was changed to ABC Friends.[169]

The objectives of ABC Friends National are stated as follows:[169]

 To represent community interest in defending and promoting the vital role of Australia's
independent national public broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) to
ensure:

that the ABC is properly funded to maintain and advance its role as the national
public broadcaster in all media, promoting and reflecting Australian culture and
diversity
that it remains editorially independent of government and commercial interests.

Controversies

Perceived bias

External critics have complained in particular of left-wing political bias at the broadcaster,[130] citing a
prominence of Labor Party-connected journalists hosting masthead political programs or a tendency to
favour "progressive" over "conservative" political views on issues such as immigration, asylum seekers, the
republic, multiculturalism, Indigenous reconciliation, feminism, environmentalism, and same-sex
marriage.[172][173][16][174]

In December 2013, former judge and ABC chair James Spigelman announced that four independent audits
would be conducted each year in response to the allegations of bias in the reporting of news and current
affairs. ABC Friends have observed that "Most of the complaints about bias in the ABC have come from
the government of the day – Labor or Liberal. Significantly both parties have been far less hostile to the
ABC when in opposition".[130]

Reviews and investigations

Reviews of the ABC are regularly commissioned and sometimes not released.[175][176]

Both internal and external research has been conducted on the question of bias at the ABC. These include
the following:

A 2004 Roy Morgan media credibility survey found that journalists regarded ABC Radio as
the most accurate news source in the country and the ABC as the second "most politically
biased media organisation in Australia".[177]
A 2013 University of the Sunshine Coast study of the voting intentions of journalists found
that 73.6% of ABC journalists supported Labor or The Greens – with 41% supporting the
Greens (whereas only around 10% of people in the general population voted
Green).[178][179]
At the 2016 federal election, a study commissioned by the ABC and conducted by Isentia
compiled share-of-voice data and found that the ABC devoted 42.6% of election coverage to
the Coalition government (this compares to the 42.04% vote received by the Coalition in the
House of Representatives (HOR)), 35.9% to the Labor opposition (34.73% HOR), 8% to The
Greens(10.23% HOR), 3.1% to independents (1.85% HOR), 2.2% to the Nick Xenophon
Team (1.85% HOR) and 8.1% to the rest. However, the ABC itself notes the "significant
limitations around the value of share of voice data" as "duration says nothing about tone or
context".[180]
In December 2020, the Board commissioned its 19th editorial review by an independent
reviewer, which found that the ABC's news coverage of lead-up to the 2019 Australian
election was "overwhelmingly positive and unbiased", although it also found that specific
 episodes of The Drum and Insiders reflected too narrow a range of viewpoints. The
government forced the publication of the report after Coalition senator James McGrath raised
a motion in the Senate, which led to ABC Chair Ita Buttrose and managing director David
Anderson writing to the president of the Senate, Scott Ryan, to express their concerns about
the use of the such powers, which went against the public interest.[181]

Relationships with government

Labor Prime Minister Bob Hawke considered the ABC's coverage of the 1991 Gulf War to be biased.[182]
In 1996, conservative Opposition Leader John Howard refused to have Kerry O'Brien of the ABC
moderate the television debates with Labor Prime Minister Paul Keating because Howard saw O'Brien as
biased against the Coalition.[183]

Liberal Prime Minister Tony Abbott perceived the ABC to be left wing and hostile to his government,
while Malcolm Turnbull enjoyed better relations with the national broadcaster.[184][185][186] Turnbull's
successor, Scott Morrison, once again presided over "strained" relations between the Government and the
ABC.[187] Under Morrison's leadership, an investigation was launched into the ABC and its complaints-
handling process—a decision which was criticised by Ita Buttrose as "political interference".[188] The
inquiry was abandoned the following June.[189]

Specific topics

The Catholic Church and George Pell

The ABC's coverage of the issue of sexual abuse in the Catholic Church received praise and criticism. The
Melbourne Press Club presented the 2016 Quill for Coverage of an Issue or Event for the report George
Pell and Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church, and the 2016 Golden Quill award to Louise Milligan and
Andy Burns for their extensive coverage of Cardinal George Pell's evidence given at the Royal
Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse.[190][191]

The ABC Media Watch program of 20 April 2020 noted that the ABC had been accused of leading a
"witch hunt" against Cardinal Pell. Media Watch reported that, following his acquittal, Pell said the ABC
gave an "overwhelming presentation of one view and only one view". Media Watch also canvassed other
criticisms including from The Australian newspaper's editor-at-large Paul Kelly, who charged the ABC
with having run a "sustained campaign against Pell". Media Watch also offered criticism of its own, noting
Louise Milligan and the Four Corners program had failed to canvass any of Pell's defence from the trial
and "lined up witnesses condemning Pell", while social media commentary by Barrie Cassidy and Quentin
Dempster had undermined the presumption of innocence.[192] Margaret Simons similarly noted in The
Guardian that "there has been some social media activity by ABC journalists that looks very much like
lobbying against Pell..."[193]

Environmentalism

Planet Slayer was an ABC website run by scientist Bernie Hobbs to teach children about the environment
in around 2008/9.[194] It included a "Greenhouse Calculator" which aimed to help children to work out
their carbon footprint by providing an estimate of the age a person needs to die if they are not to use more
than their fair share of the Earth's resources.[195] Victorian Liberal senator Mitch Fifield criticised a cartoon
series on the site for portraying those who eat meat, loggers, and workers in the nuclear industry as
"evil".[196] ABC managing director Mark Scott said the site was not designed to offend anyone, but instead
have children think about environmental issues.[197]

See also
Television portal
Australia portal

History of broadcasting in Australia

Timeline of Australian radio

References
1. "Expense Measures" (https://budget.gov.au/2019-20/content/bp2/download/bp2_expense.pd
f) (PDF). 2019–20 Budget. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200701185636/https://b
udget.gov.au/2019-20/content/bp2/download/bp2_expense.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 1
July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
2. "ABC Annual Report 2019" (https://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ABC-Annu
al-Report-201819v2.pdf) (PDF). ABC. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201912141443
52/https://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ABC-Annual-Report-201819v2.pdf)
(PDF) from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
3. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2020). "Appendix 5 – Employee profile" (https://www.tr
ansparency.gov.au/annual-reports/australian-broadcasting-corporation/reporting-year/2019-
20-40). Annual Report 2020 (https://www.transparency.gov.au/annual-reports/australian-broa
dcasting-corporation/reporting-year/2019-20-71) (Report).
4. Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983 (https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2016
C00300). legislation.gov.au.
5. Daffey, Paul (28 November 2004). "The Ten" (https://www.theage.com.au/sport/cricket/the-te
n-20041128-gdz325.html). The Age. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
6. Australian Story (27 July 2015). "Sir Donald Bradman: Seven interesting facts about the
world's greatest Test batsman" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-27/seven-interesting-t
hings-about-sir-donald-bradman/6647686). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved
26 April 2023.
7. Eason, Alan (2004). The A–Z of Bradman. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780733315176.
8. "The History of Radio in Australia" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070903081543/http://ww
w.acmi.net.au/AIC/RADIO_HIST_AUS.html). Australian Centre for the Moving Image.
Archived from the original (http://www.acmi.net.au/AIC/RADIO_HIST_AUS.html) on 3
September 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
9. Mishkid, Barry (2017). "This is the International Section of The Broadcast Archive: Australian
Broadcast History" (https://www.oldradio.com/archives/international/austral.html). Retrieved
3 October 2007. "Revisions April 2017 by Peter Smerdon & Ron Langhans [original date 26
November 2000]"
10. "Radio Broadcasting" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article204085872). The Age. No. 21, 458.
Victoria, Australia. 10 January 1924. p. 9. Retrieved 2 June 2021 – via National Library of
Australia.
11. "National Service" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article179330017). The Telegraph (Brisbane).
No. 17, 631. Queensland, Australia. 7 June 1929. p. 9. Retrieved 2 June 2021 – via National
Library of Australia.
12. Lee, Robert. "Chapter 9: Radio and Television, 1905-1970" (https://web.archive.org/web/201
70812163651/http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/ahc/publications/linking-a-nation/cont
ents#introduction). Linking a Nation: Australia's Transport and Communications 1788 - 1970
(http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/ahc/publications/linking-a-nation/contents#introduct
ion). Linking a Nation. Australian Heritage Council. Archived from the original (http://www.en
vironment.gov.au/heritage/ahc/publications/commission/books/linking-a-nation/chapter-9.ht
ml) on 12 August 2017 – via Department of the Environment and Energy, Australia.
"Australia: Our national stories, by Dr Robert Lee of the University of Western Sydney,
Australian Heritage Commission, 2003. 'Linking a Nation' forms part of a research project on
the theme of Transport and Communications, and was commissioned by the Australian
Heritage Commission."
13. "Australian Broadcasting Commission Act 1932" (https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C19
32A00014). Federal Register of Legislation. 17 May 1932. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
14. "About the ABC – The Birth of the ABC" (https://archive.today/20121231062823/http://abc.ne
t.au/corp/history/hist2.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original
(http://abc.net.au/corp/history/hist2.htm) on 31 December 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
15. "ABC celebrates 80 years of broadcasting" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-01/abc-tur
ns-80/4103108). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 July 2012. Archived (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20180524192257/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-01/abc-turns-80/41031
08) from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
16. Robert Manne (1 December 2007). "New Teeth for Aunty: Reinvigorating the National
Broadcaster" (https://www.themonthly.com.au/reinvigorating-national-broadcaster-new-teeth-
aunty-robert-manne-749). Monthly. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20121111130151/
http://www.themonthly.com.au/reinvigorating-national-broadcaster-new-teeth-aunty-robert-m
anne-749) from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
17. "Aunty celebrates 75th birthday in Townsville" (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-07-16/aunt
y-celebrates-75th-birthday-in-townsville/2503718). ABC News. 16 July 2007. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20171018013704/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-07-16/aunty-cel
ebrates-75th-birthday-in-townsville/2503718) from the original on 18 October 2017.
Retrieved 1 August 2018.
18. "Why I love Aunty at 80" (http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/06/28/3534787.htm). ABC.
28 June 2012. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120904045204/http://www.abc.net.a
u/local/stories/2012/06/28/3534787.htm) from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved
7 September 2012.
19. "Aunty, a personality of steady and solid conservatism" (https://web.archive.org/web/201201
27091453/http://www.fabc.org.au/fabc/fabc_archive_data/background_briefing/bb104/bb4_
9.html). Background briefing 4 – Ken Inglis. Friends of the ABC. Archived from the original (h
ttp://www.fabc.org.au/fabc/fabc_archive_data/background_briefing/bb104/bb4_9.html) on 27
January 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
20. "Broadcasting" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2401051). The Canberra Times. Vol. 9,
no. 2542. Australian Capital Territory. 5 November 1935. p. 1. Retrieved 13 June 2021 – via
National Library of Australia.
21. Petersen, Neville (2009). "A Biography of Sir Charles Moses" (https://www.hca.westernsydn
ey.edu.au/gmjau/archive/v3_2009_1/3vi1_neville_petersen.html). Global Media Journal –
Australian Edition. Western Sydney University. 3 (1). ISSN 1835-2340 (https://www.worldcat.
org/issn/1835-2340). Retrieved 13 June 2021.
22. Bolton, G. C. (1993). "Boyer, Sir Richard James Fildes (1891–1961)" (https://adb.anu.edu.a
u/biography/boyer-sir-richard-james-fildes-9562). Sir Richard James Fildes Boyer.
Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National
University. Retrieved 13 June 2021. "This article was first published in hardcopy in
Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 13, (MUP), 1993."
23. "About the ABC – The 40s – The War Years" (https://archive.today/20121231062622/http://a
bc.net.au/corp/history/hist3.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the
original (http://abc.net.au/corp/history/hist3.htm) on 31 December 2012. Retrieved 1 October
2007.
24. Australian Broadcasting Corporation, "About the ABC: History of the ABC: James Dibble" (ht
tp://www.abc.net.au/corp/history/galpost9.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/200901
13143939/http://www.abc.net.au/corp/history/galpost9.htm) 13 January 2009 at the Wayback
Machine. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
25. "About the ABC – The 50s – The Postwar Years" (https://archive.today/20121211062257/htt
p://abc.net.au/corp/history/hist4.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the
original (http://abc.net.au/corp/history/hist4.htm) on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 1 October
2007.
26. "About the ABC – The 60s and 70s" (https://archive.today/20121206032912/http://abc.net.a
u/corp/history/hist5.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original (htt
p://abc.net.au/corp/history/hist5.htm) on 6 December 2012.
27. Molomby, T. (1991). Is There a Moderate on the Roof?: ABC Years (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=G8BIAAAAYAAJ). William Heinemann Australia politics. W. Heinemann
Australia. p. 110,114,160. ISBN 978-0-85561-410-2. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
28. ABC Annual Report 2020-21 p 134 ABC Operational Revenue from Government
29. "Crude tone of attacks is new, but softening up the ABC for cuts isn't" (https://theconversatio
n.com/crude-tone-of-attacks-is-new-but-softening-up-the-abc-for-cuts-isnt-25993).
30. "Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983 [series]" (https://www.legislation.gov.au/Serie
s/C2004A02723). Federal Register of Legislation. Australian Government. Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20200529052552/https://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/C2004A0272
3) from the original on 29 May 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
31. "About the ABC – The 80s" (https://archive.today/20121208165604/http://abc.net.au/corp/his
tory/hist6.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original (http://abc.ne
t.au/corp/history/hist6.htm) on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
32. "Tending the Flame of Democracy: A personal view by international communications expert,
by Geoffrey Whitehead [blurb]" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140221215025/http://bookstor
e.iuniverse.com/Products/SKU-000538367/Tending-the-Flame-of-Democracy.aspx).
iUniverse. 2014. Archived from the original (http://bookstore.iuniverse.com/Products/SKU-00
0538367/Tending-the-Flame-of-Democracy.aspx) on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 26 June
2013.
33. Inglis, Kenneth Stanley (2006). Whose ABC? The Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1983–2006. Melbourne, Victoria: Black Inc. ISBN 978-1-86395-189-0.
34. "About the ABC – The 90s" (https://archive.today/20121206003650/http://abc.net.au/corp/his
tory/hist7.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original (http://abc.ne
t.au/corp/history/hist7.htm) on 6 December 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
35. "ABC Ultimo Centre, Sydney" (https://about.abc.net.au/tours/ultimo/). About the ABC.
Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
36. "Historical details for ABN 52 429 278 345" (https://abr.business.gov.au/AbnHistory/View/52
429278345#). ABN Lookup. November 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
37. "About the ABC – 2000s – A New Century" (https://archive.today/20121209065740/http://ab
c.net.au/corp/history/hist8.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the
original (http://abc.net.au/corp/history/hist8.htm) on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 1 October
2007.
38. "ABC promises more content choice" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080207070937/http://w
ww.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23171159-12377,00.html). The Australian. 6
February 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,251
97,23171159-12377,00.html) on 7 February 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2008.
39. Welch, Dylan (30 January 2008). "ABC squiggle to stay" (http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/
articles/2008/01/30/1201369172600.html). Brisbane Times. Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20080624220803/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/articles/2008/01/30/1201369172
600.html) from the original on 24 June 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
40. "The Television Revolution Has Begun!" (https://archive.today/20080915193252/http://www.
abc.net.au/corp/pubs/media/s2313534.htm) (Press release). Australian Broadcasting
Corporation. 24 July 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.abc.net.au/corp/pubs/medi
a/s2313534.htm) on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
41. "ABC to launch 24h news channel" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100715053603/http://ww
w.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/07/13/2952551.htm). Australia: ABC. Archived from the
original (http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/07/13/2952551.htm/) on 15 July 2010.
Retrieved 16 May 2010.
42. ABC rebrands its main television channel using social media hashtag (https://www.theguard
ian.com/media/2014/jul/10/abc-rebrands-its-main-television-channel-using-social-media-ha
shtag) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171117004409/https://www.theguardian.co
m/media/2014/jul/10/abc-rebrands-its-main-television-channel-using-social-media-hashtag)
17 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 10 July 2014
43. "ABC cuts: Malcolm Turnbull announces budget reduction of $250 million" (https://www.smh.
com.au/politics/federal/abc-cuts-malcolm-turnbull-announces-budget-reduction-of-250-millio
n-20141119-11pquv.html). 19 November 2014.
44. "ABC to launch 24-hour news channel" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-01-21/abc-to-lau
nch-24-hour-news-channel/1217150). ABC News. 20 January 2010.
45. Anderson, Stephanie (24 November 2014). "400-plus job losses announced amid ABC and
SBS cuts" (https://www.sbs.com.au/news/400-plus-job-losses-announced-amid-abc-and-sbs
-cuts). SBS News. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
46. Lallo, Michael (2 November 2016). "ABC in 2017: Diversity a focus, but which popular
shows aren't returning?" (http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/abc-in
-2017-diversity-a-focus-but-which-popular-shows-arent-returning-20161026-gsb8py.html).
Brisbane Times. Brisbane. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
47. Watt, Stuart (10 April 2017). "ABC News has a new look" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/new-
look/). ABC News. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
48. Knox, David (8 April 2017). "New-look ABC News ditches News 24" (https://tvtonight.com.a
u/2017/04/new-look-abc-news-ditches-news-24.html). TV Tonight.
49. "Michelle Guthrie to replace Mark Scott as ABC managing director" (http://www.abc.net.au/n
ews/2015-12-21/google-executive-michelle-guthrie-to-replace-abc-boss-mark-scott/704494
0). ABC News. 21 December 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20181021142200/
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-21/google-executive-michelle-guthrie-to-replace-abc-
boss-mark-scott/7044940) from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 21 December
2015.
50. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. "Appendices, Appendix 4". Annual Report 2017:
Volume II (https://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/ABC7171_AR_2017_Vol2_t
agged_v5.pdf) (PDF) (Report). p. 144. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/h
ttps://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/ABC7171_AR_2017_Vol2_tagged_v5.p
df) (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
51. Annual Report 2018: Volume II (https://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/AP18_
Vol2_FINAL_3new.pdf) (PDF). Australian Broadcasting Corporation (Report). pp. 8–14, 209.
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190321160025/http://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/u
ploads/2018/10/AP18_Vol2_FINAL_3new.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2019.
Retrieved 12 June 2021.
52. "Michelle Guthrie sacked from ABC managing director role halfway through term" (http://ww
w.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-24/michelle-guthrie-leaves-as-md-of-the-abc/10297608). ABC
News. 26 September 2018. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190227133620/https://
www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-24/michelle-guthrie-leaves-as-md-of-the-abc/10297608)
from the original on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
53. "Public broadcasting. The ABC has been beset by allegations…" (https://pressfreedom.org.a
u/public-broadcasting-c0eb525c0ac9). MEAA. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
54. "ScoMo To Decide Between Three Candidates For ABC Chairman" (http://www.bandt.com.a
u/media/scomo-decide-three-candidates-abc-chairman). B&T. 6 February 2019. Retrieved
8 February 2019.
55. "ABC Begins Search For New MD While Guthrie Dismissal Case Continues" (http://www.ba
ndt.com.au/media/abc-begins-search-new-md-guthrie-dismissal-case-continues). B&T. 18
February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
56. "ABC chair Ita Buttrose on governing the national broadcaster" (https://aicd.companydirector
s.com.au/membership/company-director-magazine/2019-back-editions/december/abc-chair-
ita-buttrose-on-governing-the-national-broadcaster). Australian Institute of Company
Directors. 1 December 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
57. "Police raid Australian public broadcaster over Afghan leak" (https://www.foxnews.com/worl
d/police-raid-australian-public-broadcaster-over-afghan-leak). Fox News. Associated Press.
5 June 2019. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190605070851/https://www.foxnews.c
om/world/police-raid-australian-public-broadcaster-over-afghan-leak) from the original on 5
June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
58. "Police raid Australia's public broadcaster ABC" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-
48522729). 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
59. "ABC raid: Outcry as Australian police search public broadcaster" (https://www.bbc.com/new
s/world-australia-48522729). 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
60. "Australian journalists fear for press freedom after two police raids" (https://edition.cnn.com/2
019/06/05/media/australia-abc-police-raid/index.html). 5 June 2019. Archived (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20190605144040/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/05/media/australia-abc-poli
ce-raid/index.html) from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
61. "ABC sues Australian police force after newsroom raid" (https://www.dw.com/en/abc-sues-au
stralian-police-force-after-newsroom-raid/a-49327256). Deutsche Welle. 24 June 2019.
Retrieved 24 February 2020.
62. McKinnell, Jamie (2 August 2019). "ABC challenge to 'legally unreasonable' AFP raids hits
court" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-02/abc-police-raids-warrant-federal-court-heari
ng/11377016). ABC News. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
63. " 'A blow to democracy': Federal Court dismisses ABC case against AFP raids" (https://www.
sbs.com.au/news/a-blow-to-democracy-federal-court-dismisses-abc-case-against-afp-raids).
SBS News. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
64. Whitbourn, Michaela (24 February 2020). " 'Very unhelpful and uncooperative': ABC and
AFP face off in court" (https://www.theage.com.au/national/very-unhelpful-and-unco-operativ
e-abc-and-afp-face-off-in-court-20200224-p543ns.html). The Age. Retrieved 24 February
2020.
65. McKinnell, Jamie (16 February 2020). "AFP warrants used to raid ABC valid, Federal Court
rules" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-17/afp-warrants-used-to-raid-abc-valid-court-ru
les/11971018). ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 3 June 2021.
66. Hayne, Jordan (2 July 2020). "Investigation into Afghan Files that sparked ABC raids enters
next phase with brief of evidence sent to prosecutors" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07
-02/federal-police-seek-charges-abc-investigation-afghan-files-dpp/12415930). ABC News
(Australian Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 2 June 2021.
67. Galloway, Anthony (15 October 2020). "Police won't charge ABC journalist over 'Afghan
Files' stories" (https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/police-won-t-charge-abc-journalist-ov
er-afghan-files-stories-20201015-p565gc.html). The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved
19 November 2020.
68. "ABC cuts 229 jobs in response to government funding freeze" (https://www.smh.com.au/poli
tics/federal/abc-cuts-229-jobs-in-response-to-government-funding-freeze-20201021-p567a1.
html). 21 October 2020.
69. "ABC funding frozen in $84 million hit to bottom line" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-
08/budget-2018-abc-funding-frozen-in-$84-million-hit-bottom-line/9740690). ABC News. 8
May 2018.
70. "The Government says there are no cuts to the ABC. Here are the facts" (https://www.abc.ne
t.au/news/2020-07-16/fact-check-are-there-no-cuts-to-abc-funding/12417226). ABC News.
15 July 2020.
71. "Ita Buttrose rejects Scott Morrison's claims the ABC's budget has not been cut" (https://ww
w.theguardian.com/media/2020/jun/26/ita-buttrose-rebukes-scott-morrisons-claims-the-abcs-
budget-has-not-been-cut). TheGuardian.com. 27 June 2020.
72. "Up to 250 ABC jobs to go, ABC Life brand scrapped, flagship radio news bulletin dumped
to tackle $84 million budget cut" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-24/abc-announces-c
uts-to-programming-and-jobs-funding/12384972). ABC News. 24 June 2020. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20200702143124/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-24/abc-ann
ounces-cuts-to-programming-and-jobs-funding/12384972) from the original on 2 July 2020.
Retrieved 7 July 2020.
73. Hurst, Daniel (24 June 2020). "ABC to cut 250 jobs, dump 7.45am radio news bulletin and
axe ABC Life brand" (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jun/24/abc-to-cut-250-jobs-d
ump-745am-radio-news-bulletin-and-axe-abc-life-brand). The Guardian. Retrieved 16 July
2021.
74. "Bungled budget cuts, staff exodus take toll on ABC" (https://www.smh.com.au/business/com
panies/hunger-games-bungled-budget-cuts-staff-exodus-take-toll-on-abc-20210126-p56wur.
html). 7 February 2021.
75. Meade, Amanda (16 June 2021). "ABC to move 300 Sydney staff from Ultimo headquarters
west to Parramatta" (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/jun/16/abc-to-move-300-sydn
ey-staff-from-ultimo-headquarters-west-to-parramatta). The Guardian. Retrieved 16 July
2021.
76. "ABC to add more than 50 journalists in Regional Australia" (https://about.abc.net.au/press-r
eleases/abc-to-add-more-than-50-journalists-in-regional-australia/).
77. Ingram, Karin (23 April 2019). "10 Of The Best Australian Logos" (https://www.kwikkopy.com.
au/blog/10-of-the-best-australian-logos). Kwik Kopy. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
78. "Top10 Australian logos of all time" (https://www.marketingmag.com.au/news-c/top10-austral
ian-logos-of-all-time/). Marketing Mag. 20 September 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
79. "The Top 13 Australian Logos of All Time" (https://www.tailorbrands.com/blog/australia-logo).
Tailor Brands. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
80. "The ABC's of LIssajous figures" (http://www.abc.net.au/science/holo/liss.htm). ABC.net.
ABC. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200122174128/http://www.abc.net.au/scienc
e/holo/liss.htm) from the original on 22 January 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
81. Brooklyn Ross-Hulands. "AusTVHistory: Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1950s–
1960s" (https://web.archive.org/web/20081007030333/http://www.austvhistory.com/abc/inde
x.htm). Aus TV History. Archived from the original (http://www.austvhistory.com/abc/index.ht
m) on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 4 October 2007.
82. "Memoirs of a Space Engineer – about Doug Rickard" (http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/m
emoirs/about.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 October 2000. Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20080508190613/http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/memoirs/about.ht
m) from the original on 8 May 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
83. Herbison, Michelle. "ABC rebrand takes main TV channel back to its roots" (https://www.mar
ketingmag.com.au/news-c/abc-rebrand-takes-main-tv-channel-back-to-its-roots/). Marketing
Magazine. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
84. Samios, Zoe (12 February 2018). "ABC Yours rebrand aims to build on Aunty's reputation of
'trust' at every stage of Australian life" (https://mumbrella.com.au/abc-aims-to-build-on-its-rep
utation-of-trust-with-new-brand-positioning-498585). Mumbrella. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
85. "Establishment of Australian Broadcasting Corporation Board" (https://web.archive.org/web/
20060530102717/http://scaleplus.law.gov.au/html/histact/10/5029/0/HA000110.htm).
ScalePlus. Archived from the original (http://scaleplus.law.gov.au/html/histact/10/5029/0/HA0
00110.htm) on 30 May 2006. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
86. "Membership of Board" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070927220135/http://scaleplus.law.g
ov.au/html/histact/10/5029/0/HA000170.htm). ScalePlus. Archived from the original (http://sc
aleplus.law.gov.au/html/histact/10/5029/0/HA000170.htm) on 27 September 2007. Retrieved
5 October 2007.
87. "Restructure of ABC Board" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090613183239/http://www.minist
er.dcita.gov.au/coonan/media/media_releases/restructure_of_abc_board) (Press release).
Senator the Hon Helen Coonan, Minister for Communications, Information Technology and
the Arts. Archived from the original (http://www.minister.dcita.gov.au/coonan/media/media_rel
eases/restructure_of_abc_board) on 13 June 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2007.
88. "Tenure of Managing Director" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070927220029/http://scaleplu
s.law.gov.au/html/histact/10/5029/0/HA000180.htm). ScalePlus. Archived from the original (h
ttp://scaleplus.law.gov.au/html/histact/10/5029/0/HA000180.htm) on 27 September 2007.
Retrieved 5 October 2007.
89. "About the board" (https://archive.today/20121231044042/http://www.abc.net.au/corp/board/
about_board.htm). ABC Online. Archived from the original (http://www.abc.net.au/corp/board/
about_board.htm) on 31 December 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
90. "Membership of Board" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060530102806/http://scaleplus.law.g
ov.au/html/histact/10/5029/0/HA000170.htm). Scaleplus. Archived from the original (http://sc
aleplus.law.gov.au/html/histact/10/5029/0/HA000170.htm) on 30 May 2006. Retrieved
26 November 2006.
91. "Methods of appointment to the ABC Board: Chapter 2 – The selection criteria – who should
be on the board?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060912075859/http://www.aph.gov.au/sen
ate/committee/ecita_ctte/completed_inquiries/1999-02/abcboard/report/c02.htm). Senate
Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Committee, ABC Board
inquiry report. Parliament of Australia. September 2001. Archived from the original (http://ww
w.aph.gov.au/senate/committee/ecita_ctte/completed_inquiries/1999-02/abcboard/report/c0
2.htm) on 12 September 2006. Retrieved 4 November 2006.
 92. "Whose ABC?" (http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2006/s1726253.htm). ABC Radio. 26
August 2006. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090113152107/http://www.abc.net.au/
pm/content/2006/s1726253.htm) from the original on 13 January 2009. Retrieved 13 October
2007.
93. Caldwell, Alison (24 February 2005). "ABC critic appointed to board of directors" (http://www.
abc.net.au/pm/content/2005/s1310461.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20071210145740/http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2005/s131
0461.htm) from the original on 10 December 2007. Retrieved 28 November 2006.
94. Marriner, Cosima (3 May 2003). "Anthropologist on ABC Board" (http://www.smh.com.au/arti
cles/2003/05/02/1051382095367.html). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved
28 November 2006.
95. Colvin, Mark (15 June 2006). "Govt appoints ABC board members" (http://www.abc.net.au/p
m/content/2006/s1664194.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived (https://web.
archive.org/web/20061019202429/http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2006/s1664194.htm)
from the original on 19 October 2006. Retrieved 28 November 2006.
96. "Australian Labor Party: ABC Board" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090412045133/http://w
ww.alp.org.au/media/0607/mscoitloo050.php) (Press release). Australian Labor Party. 5
June 2007. Archived from the original (http://www.alp.org.au/media/0607/mscoitloo050.php)
on 12 April 2009.
97. Sainsbury, Michael (6 December 2007). "Conroy sets ABC collision course" (https://web.arc
hive.org/web/20071207155859/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,24897,228767
17-7582,00.html). The Australian. Archived from the original (http://www.theaustralian.news.c
om.au/story/0,24897,22876717-7582,00.html) on 7 December 2007. Retrieved 1 August
2018.
98. "Panel selecting ABC board to be named" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080219131144/htt
p://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23232789-7582,00.html). The Australian.
18 February 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,
25197,23232789-7582,00.html) on 19 February 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
99. Markson, Sharri (3 July 2014). "John Howard loyalists join ABC panel" (http://www.theaustra
lian.com.au/media/broadcast/john-howard-loyalists-join-abc-panel/story-fna045gd-1226975
669412). The Australian. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
100. Day, Mark (18 September 2008). "Free podcasts don't suit ABC's results" (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20080924061048/http://blogs.theaustralian.news.com.au/markday/index.php/thea
ustralian/comments/free_podcasts_dont_suit_abcs_results). news.com.au. Archived from
the original (http://blogs.theaustralian.news.com.au/markday/index.php/theaustralian/comme
nts/free_podcasts_dont_suit_abcs_results/) on 24 September 2008.
101. "Measures to ensure strong and independent national broadcasters" (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20081020011330/http://www.minister.dbcde.gov.au/media/media_releases/2008/076)
(Press release). 16 October 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.minister.dbcde.gov.
au/media/media_releases/2008/076) on 20 October 2008. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
102. "The merit-based appointment process" (https://archive.today/20121127115121/http://www.d
bcde.gov.au/media_broadcasting/abc_and_sbs/abc_and_sbs_board_appointments/the_me
rit-based_appointment_process). Archived from the original (http://www.dbcde.gov.au/media
_broadcasting/abc_and_sbs/abc_and_sbs_board_appointments/the_merit-based_appointm
ent_process) on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2008.
103. "Who we are - The ABC Board" (https://web.archive.org/web/20210504135014/http://about.a
bc.net.au/who-we-are/the-abc-board/). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from
the original (http://about.abc.net.au/who-we-are/the-abc-board/) on 4 May 2021. Retrieved
2 June 2021.
104. "Ita Buttrose AC OBE" (http://about.abc.net.au/profile/ita-buttrose/). Australian Broadcasting
Corporation. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
105. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2021). Australian Broadcasting Corporation Annual
Report 2021 (https://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ABC10150_00_v14_FIL
M_WEB-a11y_FINAL2-1.pdf) (PDF) (Report). Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/202
21009/https://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ABC10150_00_v14_FILM_WE
B-a11y_FINAL2-1.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 22 November
2021.
106. "David Anderson" (http://about.abc.net.au/profile/david-anderson/). Australian Broadcasting
Corporation. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
107. "Jane Connors" (http://about.abc.net.au/profile/jane-connors//). Australian Broadcasting
Corporation. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
108. "Joe Gersh" (http://about.abc.net.au/profile/joseph-gersh/). Australian Broadcasting
Corporation. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
109. "Peter Lewis" (http://about.abc.net.au/profile/peter-lewis/). Australian Broadcasting
Corporation. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
110. "Georgie Somerset" (http://about.abc.net.au/profile/georgina-somerset/). Australian
Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
111. "Fiona Balfour" (https://about.abc.net.au/profile/fiona-balfour/). Australian Broadcasting
Corporation. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
112. "Mario D'Orazio" (https://about.abc.net.au/profile/mario-dorazio/). Australian Broadcasting
Corporation. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
113. "Peter Tonagh" (https://about.abc.net.au/profile/peter-tonagh/). Australian Broadcasting
Corporation. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
114. Wils, Tyson (May 2018). "Funding for the national broadcasters" (https://www.aph.gov.au/Ab
out_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/BudgetReview2
01819/Fundingfornationalbroadcasters). Parliament of Australia. Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20200703155615/https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Depa
rtments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/BudgetReview201819/Fundingfornationalbroadcaste
rs) from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
115. Hunter, Fergus (2 April 2019). "Federal budget 2019: ABC wins local news-gathering funds"
(https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/federal-budget-2019-abc-wins-local-newsg
athering-funds-20190402-1o25za.html). The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived (https://web.
archive.org/web/20200703235123/https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/federal-b
udget-2019-abc-wins-local-newsgathering-funds-20190402-1o25za.html) from the original
on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
116. Morrison, Scott; Cormann, Mathias (8 May 2018). "Budget Measures, Budget Paper No. 2
2018–19" (https://archive.budget.gov.au/2018-19/bp2/bp2.pdf) (PDF). 2018–19 Budget.
Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://archive.budget.gov.au/2018-19/b
p2/bp2.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
117. "Inflation Calculator" (https://www.rba.gov.au/calculator/annualDecimal.html). Reserve Bank
of Australia. 30 October 2015. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20200625131710/http
s://www.rba.gov.au/calculator/annualDecimal.html) from the original on 25 June 2020.
Retrieved 2 July 2020.
118. "ABC News gets $10m funding boost" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-02-07/abc-news-
gets-2410m-funding-boost/4506798). ABC News. 7 February 2013.
119. "ABC welcomes multi-million-dollar funding pledge" (https://www.abc.net.au/news/specials/
budget-2013/2013-05-14/abc-welcomes-multi-million-dollar-funding-pledge/4689724). ABC
News. 14 May 2013.
120. "ABC Annual Report 2020–2021" (https://about.abc.net.au/reports-publications/abc-annual-r
eport-2020-2021/). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. p. 134. Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20211021073930/https://about.abc.net.au/reports-publications/abc-annual-report-
2020-2021/) from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
121. "Your ABC" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090113151239/http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/sto
ries/s203582.htm). Lateline. 24 October 2000. Archived from the original (http://www.abc.net.
au/lateline/stories/s203582.htm) on 13 January 2009. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
122. Sev Ozdowski OAM (9 August 2001). Launch of ABC Disability Awareness resources: An
ABC for all Australians (https://web.archive.org/web/20080815203907/http://svc013.wic009t
p.server-web.com/disability_rights/speeches/2001/ABC2001.htm) (Speech). Sydney,
Australia. Archived from the original (http://svc013.wic009tp.server-web.com/disability_right
s/speeches/2001/ABC2001.htm) on 15 August 2008. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
123. "Crikey – Comments, clarifications, and c*ckups" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090223130
405/http://www.crikey.com.au/Comments/20070813-Comments-corrections-clarifications-an
d-cckups.html). 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.crikey.com.au/Comments/20070
813-Comments-corrections-clarifications-and-cckups.html) on 23 February 2009. Retrieved
3 October 2008.
124. radioinfo (30 April 2014). "Double J announces full program line up and presenters" (https://
www.radioinfo.com.au/news/double-j-announces-full-program-line-and-presenters).
Retrieved 3 June 2021.
125. Webb, Marius (9 January 2015). "Triple J's 40th birthday: High times with the department of
youth" (https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/triple-js-40th-birthday-high-times
-with-the-department-of-youth-20150108-12k5m4.html). The Sydney Morning Herald.
Retrieved 3 June 2021.
126. "Three digital stars are born" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120616193755/http://www.abc.
net.au/corp/communications/s2628902.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 17 July
2009. Archived from the original (http://www.abc.net.au/corp/communications/s2628902.htm)
on 16 June 2012.
127. "ABC Radio stations" (https://www.abc.net.au/radio/stations/). ABC. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
128. "Grandstand Summer of Cricket now on ABC SPORT" (https://radioinfo.com.au/news/grands
tand-summer-cricket-now-abc-sport). radioinfo. 4 November 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
129. "The complete TV guide for ABC TV, ABC TV Plus, ABC ME, ABC KIDS, ABC NEWS &
iview" (https://www.abc.net.au/tv/epg/#/). ABC Television (Australian Broadcasting
Corporation). 3 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
130. Jolley, Rhonda (11 July 2014). The ABC: an overview (updated) (https://www.aph.gov.au/Ab
out_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1415/ABCove
rview) (Report). Research Paper Series, 2014–15. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary
Library. ISSN 2203-5249 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2203-5249). Retrieved 16 June
2021. PDF (https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/library/prspub/3346567/upload_bin
ary/3346567.pdf;fileType=application/pdf)
131. "ABC Closes Digital Multichannels" (https://archive.today/20121231153922/http://www.abc.
net.au/corp/pubs/media/s863660.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 26 May 2003.
Archived from the original (http://www.abc.net.au/corp/pubs/media/s863660.htm) on 31
December 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2007.
132. "ABC2 launched at Parliament House" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130723182639/http://
www.dba.org.au/index.asp?sectionID=74&newsID=641&display=news). ABC New Media &
Digital Services. DBA. 11 March 2005. Archived from the original (http://www.dba.org.au/ind
ex.asp?sectionID=74&newsID=641&display=news) on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 31 March
2007.
133. Day, Julia (18 October 2006). "Australia opens up media investment" (https://www.theguardi
an.com/australia/story/0,,1925263,00.html). The Guardian. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
134. "Podcasting: ABC Radio National Tops 100,000 mp3s in One Week" (https://archive.today/2
0121231052535/http://www.abc.net.au/corp/pubs/media/s1409756.htm). Australian
Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original (http://www.abc.net.au/corp/pubs/medi
a/s1409756.htm) on 31 December 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
135. "ABC Launches Vodcasting" (https://archive.today/20071013102015/http://abc.net.au/corp/p
ubs/media/s1698372.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original
(http://abc.net.au/corp/pubs/media/s1698372.htm) on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 1 October
2007.
136. "The ABC of Digital Media Evolution" (https://archive.today/20070923100453/http://abc.net.a
u/corp/pubs/media/s1842869.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 February 2007.
Archived from the original (http://abc.net.au/corp/pubs/media/s1842869.htm) on 23
September 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
137. Andrew Dodd (8 September 2008), New ABC Mobile service to include advertising (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20080911121619/http://www.crikey.com.au/Media-Arts-and-Sports/2008
0908-ABC-advertising.html), Crikey.com.au, archived from the original (http://www.crikey.co
m.au/Media-Arts-and-Sports/20080908-ABC-advertising.html) on 11 September 2008
138. Media Watch (15 September 2008), ABC Designs for the future (http://www.abc.net.au/media
watch/transcripts/s2365258.htm), ABC Online
139. Rosie Baker (25 November 2014). "ABC innovation boss Angela Clark to head up new
Digital Network" (http://www.adnews.com.au/news/abc-innovation-boss-angela-clark-to-hea
d-up-new-digital-network). AdNews. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2015123120115
5/http://www.adnews.com.au/news/abc-innovation-boss-angela-clark-to-head-up-new-digital
-network) from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
140. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2016). "Organisational Structure" (https://www.abc.net.
au/corp/annual-report/2016/about-org-chart.html). From the Everyday to the Extraordinary:
Annual Report 2016 (https://www.abc.net.au/corp/annual-report/2016/) (Report).
141. "ABC appoints Helen Clifton as new Chief Digital and Information Officer" (https://about.abc.
net.au/press-releases/abc-appoints-helen-clifton-as-new-chief-digital-and-information-office
r/). About the ABC. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
142. Saarinen, Juha (12 May 2017). "ABC anoints first chief digital and information officer" (http
s://www.itnews.com.au/news/abc-anoints-first-chief-digital-and-information-officer-461472).
iTnews. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
143. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2016). "Organisational Structure" (https://www.transpa
rency.gov.au/annual-reports/australian-broadcasting-corporation/reporting-year/2019-20-38).
Annual Report 2020 (https://www.transparency.gov.au/annual-reports/australian-broadcastin
g-corporation/reporting-year/2019-20-71) (Report).
144. "Why has the ABC Homepage changed?" (http://help.abc.net.au/hc/en-us/articles/36000117
5195-Why-has-the-ABC-Homepage-changed-). ABC Help. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
145. "Address to National Press Club 10 September 2008" (https://web.archive.org/web/2009101
2164616/http://www.abc.net.au/corp/pubs/documents/mark_scott_npc_address_10.09.08.pd
f) (PDF). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original (http://www.abc.ne
t.au/corp/pubs/documents/mark_scott_npc_address_10.09.08.pdf) (PDF) on 12 October
2009. Retrieved 26 September 2008.
146. "ABC News Websites Ranks No. 1" (https://www.nielsen.com/au/en/press-releases/2020/ab
c-news-websites-ranks-no-1). Nielsen. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
147. Kelly, Vivienne (4 June 2020). "News.com.au tumbles to sixth in ranking of Australia's most
popular websites, as ABC maintains lead" (https://mumbrella.com.au/news-com-au-tumbles-
to-sixth-in-ranking-of-australias-most-popular-websites-as-abc-maintains-lead-630211).
Mumbrella. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
148. "ABC News websites continue to top digital news rankings" (https://www.mediaweek.com.a
u/abc-news-websites-continue-to-top-digital-news-rankings-as-nine-overtakes-news-com-a
u/). Mediaweek. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
149. "Lynley Marshall appointed to lead ABC International" (https://www.publicmediaalliance.org/l
ynley-marshall-appointed-to-lead-abc-international/). Public Media Alliance. 19 June 2012.
Retrieved 8 June 2021..
150. "Australian Broadcasting Corporation - Premium Company Report Australia" (https://www.ibi
sworld.com/default.aspx). IBISWorld. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
151. "Lynley Marshall appointed to head ABC International" (https://www.radioinfo.com.au/news/l
ynley-marshall-appointed-head-abc-international). radioinfo. 13 June 2012. Retrieved
8 June 2021.
152. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2013). "Part 7: Appendices" (https://www.abc.net.au/co
rp/annual-report/2016/about-org-chart.html). Annual Report 2013 (https://about.abc.net.au/w
p-content/uploads/2013/10/ABC-Annual-Report-2013-Part-7.pdf) (PDF) (Report). p. 219.
Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/upl
oads/2013/10/ABC-Annual-Report-2013-Part-7.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 9 October
2022.
153. "ABC farewells CEO ABC International" (http://about.abc.net.au/press-releases/abc-farewell
s-ceo-abc-international/). About the ABC. 2 December 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
154. Ireland, Judith (30 June 2014). "Fear for jobs growing at ABC's international arm" (https://ww
w.canberratimes.com.au/story/6142399/fear-for-jobs-growing-at-abcs-international-arm/).
The Canberra Times. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
155. "ABC appoints new Head International Services" (https://www.miragenews.com/abc-appoint
s-new-head-international-services-561088/). Mirage News. 17 May 2021. Retrieved 8 June
2021.
156. "About Us" (https://www.abc.net.au/abc-international-development/about-us/). ABC
International Development. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
157. "ABC International Development" (https://www.devex.com/organizations/abc-international-d
evelopment-55997). Devex.
158. "Media partnerships in the Pacific" (https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/pacific/people-connections/
media-partnerships-in-the-pacific). DFAT. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
159. "The ABC: an overview" (http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departme
nts/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1415/ABCoverview). Parliament of Australia. 11 August
2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160426115758/http://www.aph.gov.au/About
_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1415/ABCovervie
w) from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
160. "About ABC Shops" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071002124551/http://shop.abc.net.au/he
lp/about.shtm). ABC Shops. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original
(http://help.shop.abc.net.au/) on 2 October 2007.
161. "About ABC Commercial" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091007215717/http://abcenterpris
es.com.au/). ABC Commercial. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the
original (http://abcenterprises.com.au/) on 7 October 2009.
162. "Welcome" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140517012259/http://www.abccommercial.com//).
ABC Commercial. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original (http://ww
w.abccommercial.com/) on 17 May 2014.
163. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2020). "ABC Commercial" (https://www.transparency.g
ov.au/annual-reports/australian-broadcasting-corporation/reporting-year/2018-2019-16).
Annual Report 2019 (https://www.transparency.gov.au/annual-reports/australian-broadcastin
g-corporation/reporting-year/2018-2019/) (Report). pp. 46–47.
164. "ABC Commercial announcement on retail activity" (http://about.abc.net.au/statements/abc-c
ommercial-announcement-on-retail-activity/). About the ABC. 2 August 2018. Retrieved
8 June 2021.
165. "Studios" (https://www.abc.net.au/studiosmediaproduction/studio/). ABC Studios & Media
Production. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202
10609025924/https://www.abc.net.au/studiosmediaproduction/studio/) from the original on 9
June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
166. Sametz, Phillip (1992). Play on!: 60 years of music-making with the Sydney Symphony
Orchestra. Sydney: ABC Enterprises. p. 35. ISBN 0733301029.
167. "Past Winners" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090619065240/http://www.abc.net.au/tv/ypa/
past/). ABC Classic FM. Archived from the original (http://www.abc.net.au/tv/ypa/past/) on 19
June 2009.
168. "History of ABC Orchestras and Bands" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120906095537/htt
p://www.abc.net.au/corp/history/75years/timeline/orchestras.pdf) (PDF).
www.abc.net.au/corp/history/75years/timeline/orchestras.pdf. Archived from the original (htt
p://www.abc.net.au/corp/history/75years/timeline/orchestras.pdf) (PDF) on 6 September
2012. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
169. "About us" (https://www.abcfriends.org.au/about_us). ABC Friends. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
170. "ABC Friends NSW & ACT" (https://www.abcfriends.org.au/nsw_act). ABC Friends.
Retrieved 13 June 2021.
171. "South Australia & Northern Territory" (https://www.abcfriends.org.au/sa_nt). ABC Friends.
Retrieved 13 June 2021.
172. "The ABC: an overview- Pt 5 The ABC and Bias" (https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliamen
t/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1415/ABCoverview#_Toc395
086092). Parliament of Australia. 11 August 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201
80704022008/https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parlia
mentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1415/ABCoverview#_Toc395086092) from the original on 4 July
2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
173. "The ABC of How To Complain" (http://www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/transcripts/s1771608.ht
m). Media Watch. ABC. 23 October 2006. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/200804180
72247/http://www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/transcripts/s1771608.htm) from the original on 18
April 2008. Retrieved 8 February 2008.
174. Dick, Tim (30 November 2010). "Kerry O'Brien opens up about his critics, his family and a
new life in Byron" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101201235805/https://www.smh.com.au/e
ntertainment/tv-and-radio/kerry-obrien-opens-up-about-his-critics-his-family-and-a-new-life-i
n-byron-20101130-18el9.html). The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original (http
s://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/kerry-obrien-opens-up-about-his-critics-his-f
amily-and-a-new-life-in-byron-20101130-18el9.html) on 1 December 2010. Retrieved
1 August 2018.
175. Martin, Fiona (12 December 2013). "What would be the point of yet another ABC inquiry?" (h
ttps://theconversation.com/what-would-be-the-point-of-yet-another-abc-inquiry-21213). The
Conversation. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
176. Gordon, Michael (6 March 2014). "Canberra refuses to release report on ABC funding" (htt
p://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/canberra-refuses-to-release-report-on-ab
c-funding-20140305-347l7.html). Retrieved 30 November 2014.
177. "10,13_tr66_media" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090914061917/http://www.roymorgan.co
m/resources/pdf/papers/20040903.pdf) (PDF). Archived from the original (http://www.roymor
gan.com/resources/pdf/papers/20040903.pdf) (PDF) on 14 September 2009. Retrieved
26 April 2010.
178. Hanusch, Folker. "Journalists in times of change: evidence from a new survey of Australia's
journalistic workforce" (http://research.usc.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/usc:1085
9?queryType=vitalDismax&sort=ss_dateNormalized%5C&query=Folker+Hanusch+2013&f0
=sm_creator%3A%22Hanusch%2C+F%22). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2015090
3210303/http://research.usc.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/usc:10859?queryType
=vitalDismax&sort=ss_dateNormalized%5C&query=Folker+Hanusch+2013&f0=sm_creato
r%3A%22Hanusch%2C+F%22) from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved
2 February 2015.
179. Oriel, Jennifer (24 July 2017). "Why the ABC is at odds with us" (https://www.theaustralian.c
om.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=TAWEB_WRE170_a&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fww
w.theaustralian.com.au%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fjennifer-oriel%2Fdiversity-of-thought
-practically-whitewashed-by-pc-ideology%2Fnews-story%2F9d16179ec45fe24f6b05072f64
540ec7&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&nk=565bdb630766f7233bbf806733473c3
e-1612870245). The Australian. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
180. "Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2016 Federal Election Report of the Chairman,
Election Coverage Review Committee" (http://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/
2016FederalElectionECRCRPT.pdf) (PDF). 2016. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archiv
e/20221009/http://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/2016FederalElectionECRC
RPT.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
181. Meade, Amanda (10 December 2020). "ABC criticises Senate for releasing internal report
which found some panel programs 'favoured' Labor" (https://www.theguardian.com/media/20
20/dec/10/abc-criticises-senate-for-releasing-internal-report-which-found-some-panel-progra
ms-favoured-labor). The Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
182. Abbott's Bias Crusade: as simple as ABC (http://www.theage.com.au/comment/abbotts-bias-
crusade-as-simple-as-abc-20140130-31phn.html#ixzz48nAslZrK); The Age; 31 January
2014
183. John Howard; Lazarus Rising: A Personal and Political Autobiography; Harper Collins;
2010; pp. 194 & 223
184. Pearlman, Jonathan (29 January 2014). "Tony Abbott says ABC unpatriotic" (https://www.tele
graph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/10604115/Tony-Abbott-says-A
BC-unpatriotic.html). The Daily Telegraph. Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/202201
11/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/australia/10604115/
Tony-Abbott-says-ABC-unpatriotic.html) from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved
1 February 2014.
185. "Australia's Tony Abbott calls broadcaster ABC unpatriotic" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/worl
d-asia-25925312). BBC. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
186. "Prime Minister Tony Abbott says ABC not on Australia's side in interview with 2GB" (http://w
ww.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-29/tony-abbott-steps-up-criticism-of-abc/5224676). Australian
Broadcasting Corporation. 29 January 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2014020
2205704/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-01-29/tony-abbott-steps-up-criticism-of-abc/5224
676) from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
187. Karp, Paul (15 November 2021). "Scott Morrison backs Senate ABC inquiry, saying national
broadcaster 'not above scrutiny' " (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/nov/15/scott-mo
rrison-backs-senate-abc-inquiry-saying-national-broadcaster-not-above-scrutiny). The
Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). Retrieved 20 April
2023.
188. Karp, Paul (15 November 2021). "Scott Morrison backs Senate ABC inquiry, saying national
broadcaster 'not above scrutiny' " (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/nov/15/scott-mo
rrison-backs-senate-abc-inquiry-saying-national-broadcaster-not-above-scrutiny). The
Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). Retrieved 20 April
2023.
189. Australian Associated Press (2 June 2022). "Liberal-led Senate inquiry into ABC and SBS
abandoned" (https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/jun/02/liberal-led-senate-inquiry-into
-abc-and-sbs-abandoned). The Guardian. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
190. "2016 Quills: Gold Quill" (https://www.melbournepressclub.com/article/2016-quills--gold-quil
l). Melbourne Press Club. 17 March 2017. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/202006271
01327/https://www.melbournepressclub.com/article/2016-quills--gold-quill) from the original
on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
191. "2016 Quills: Coverage of an Issue or Event" (https://www.melbournepressclub.com/article/2
016-quills--coverage-of-an-issue-or-event). Melbourne Press Club. 16 March 2017. Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20200627183217/https://www.melbournepressclub.com/article/
2016-quills--coverage-of-an-issue-or-event) from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved
25 June 2020.
192. Pell - The Final Verdict (https://www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/episodes/pell/12166274);
Media Watch 20 Apr, 2020
193. Andrew Bolt and the ABC: did the reporting on George Pell step over a line? (https://www.th
eguardian.com/media/2020/apr/15/andrew-bolt-and-the-abc-did-the-reporting-on-george-pel
l-step-over-a-line); 15 April 2020
194. "Bernie Hobbs" (https://scienceandtechnologyaustralia.org.au/profile/bernie-hobbs/).
Science & Technology Australia. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
195. Salna, Karlis (23 October 2009). "ABC website tells kids when they should die" (https://www.
news.com.au/technology/abc-website-tells-kids-when-they-should-die/news-story/7ca875df
4d93111901d7412aa58b6a49?sv=997f4d964ea1d478aff0698da97acfce). Retrieved 3 June
2021.
196. "ABC on defensive over claims of bias" (http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/abc-on-def
ensive-over-claims-of-bias/2008/05/26/1211653938544.html). 27 May 2008. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20080529022504/http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/abc-on-
defensive-over-claims-of-bias/2008/05/26/1211653938544.html) from the original on 29 May
2008. Retrieved 10 June 2008.
197. "The ABCs of Exploding Pigs And Topless Women" (https://web.archive.org/web/200806010
30649/http://www.smarthouse.com.au/Wireless_And_Networking/Broadband/D8T7R8F3).
Archived from the original (http://www.smarthouse.com.au/Wireless_And_Networking/Broad
band/D8T7R8F3) on 1 June 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2008.

Further reading
Cater, Nick The Lucky Culture and the Rise of an Australian Ruling Class (2013) pp 199–
228
Curgenven, Geoffrey. Dick Boyer, an Australian humanist (Bolton, 1967) (Dick Boyer was
chair of the ABC Board from 1940 until his death in 1961.)
Inglis, K. S. This is the ABC – the Australian Broadcasting Commission 1932 – 1983 (2006)
Inglis, K. S. Whose ABC? The Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1983–2006 (2006)
Moran, Albert, and Chris Keating. The A to Z of Australian Radio and Television (Scarecrow
Press, 2009)
 Semmler, Clement. The ABC: Aunt Sally and Sacred Cow (1981)

External links
Official website (http://www.abc.net.au/)
Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983 (https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2022
C00075)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&oldid=1166220365"