PSYCHIATRIC NURSING NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Dopamine: mood regulation, mental drive, vital

Mental Health- refers to the ability of people
(individual, families and communities) to respond
adaptively to internal and external stressors.
INTERNAL STRESSORS
- Comes from inside of us and determine our
body’s ability to respond
signs
Epinephrine: Fight or Flight response
Norepinephrine: Attention, wakefulness
Serotonin: Intestinal Activity, sleep, temperature,
regulation, pain; happy hormone
GABA: triggers neurons to be hypoactive
Acetylcholine: muscle contraction

EXTERNAL STRESSORS PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

- Comes from outside us - Or mental health nursing is a nurse that
specializes in mental health, and cares for
people of all ages experiencing present or
Internal Stressors External Stressors
potential mental illnesses to promote mental
- Nutritional - Physical health, to prevent mental ilness/suffering &
Status Environment to participate in the treatment and
- Attitudes; - Job; Poor working rehabilitation
Thoughts conditions
- Anger, Fear, - Noise
SELF AWARENESS
Worry - Pollution
- Anticipation - Trauma
(expectation) - Injury LEVEL OF PREVENTIONS
- Imagination; - Foreign organisms
Memory (bacteria, viruses, Primary
- Overall fungi) - Healthy
health and - Toxins
- Mental Health Promotion
fitness levels - Relationship with
- Illness and others - Mental Illness Prevention
Infection - Home - Health teachings
- Emotions - All the situations,
- Amount of challenges, Secondary
Sleep and difficulties and - Early Diagnosis
Rest expectations we’re - Tests
confronted with on
- Prompt Treatment (ECT, Therapies)
a daily basis

Tertiary
BMI formula: kg/height m2
Normal BMI: 18.5-24.9
MENTAL ILLNESS- is a mental disorder or
condition manifested by disorganization and
impairment of function that arises from various
cases such as
- Psychological- trauma/experiences
- Neurobiological- neurotransmitters/biologic
response
- Genetic factors- hereditary
- OLOF (Optimum Level of Functioning)
- Rehabilitation (when a patient had a defect
or disability is permanent and irreversible. It
involves minimizing the effects of long term
disease or disability by interventions direct
at preventing complications and
deteriorations)
- Prevent relapse, promote rehabilitation, and
reduce the nature of the disorder

BIOLOGIC RESPONSE/NEUROTRANSMITTERS:

Excitatory/Catecholamine/Monoamine Defined Burden- self

+ Sympathetic effect Hidden Burden- Community
+ Dopamine
+ Epinephrine GENERAL THEORIES
+ Norepinephrine
+ Serotonin Interpersonal Relations Theory- Hildegard
Peplau
Inhibitory
- Parasympathetic effect 6 roles of nurses
- Acetylcholine 1. Stranger Role: meeting for the first time
- GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) - Non judgemental, meets basic need
and develop trust
2. Resource Role: Question (patient) Answer
(nurse)
 - Provides a specific needed
information
3. Teaching Role
- Health teaching
4. Leadership Role
- Role Model (nurse)
- Helps client assume maximum
responsibility for meeting treatment
goals in a mutually satisfying way
5. Surrogate Role
- As an advocate or a substitute for
another human being
6. Counselors
- Provides guidance and HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
encouragement to make changes Abraham Maslow

FOUR PHASES OF RELATIONSHIP (O-I-E-RE)

1. Orientation Phase
- Starts when client meets nurse as
stranger
- Defining problem and deciding type
of service needed
- Client seeks assistance, coveys
needs, ask questions, shares
preconceptions and expectations of
past experiences
2. Identification
- Feeling of helplessness and
hopelessness Physiological Needs
- The identification phase begins - Physical requirements for human survival
when the client works - *Breathing/Air/Oxygen
interdependently with the nurse, - Water
expresses feelings and begins to - Food
feel stronger - Macronutrient: carbs, protein, fat
- Selection of appropriate professional - Micronutrients: vit and minerals
assistance - Sleep and Rest
- Patient begins to have a feeling of - Homeostasis- balance
belonging and a capability of dealing - Excretion
with the problem which decreases - Sex
the feeling of helplessness and
hopelessness Safety & Security
3. Exploitation phase - Needs are about keeping us safe from harm
- The client makes full use of the - Safety
services offered - Shelter/house
- Problem solving - Security
- Individual feels as an integral part of - *Law & order
the helping environment - Employmeny
- Independent, dependent, - Health
collaborative - Stability
4. Resolution phase
- In resolution phase, the client no Love & Belongingness
longer needs professional services - Social needs, interpersonal and involves
and gives up dependent behavior feelings of belongingness
- Termination of professional - Belongingness
relationship - Love
- Patient drifts away and breaks bond - Affection
with nurse and healthier emotional - Intimacy
balance is demonstrated and both - Family
becomes mature individuals - Friends
- Relationships
- Clothing
- Home
Self Esteem SANGUINE
- Needs are ego needs or status needs - It is described primarily as being
- Self confidence enthusiastic, active and social
- Achievement - Extroverted and enjoy being part of a crowd
- Recognition - Social, outgoing and charismatic is easy to
- Respect accomplish
- Individuals with this personality have a hard
Self Actualization time doing nothing and engage in more risk
- Is the highest level of maslow’s hierarchy. seeking behavior
This level of need pertains to what a
person’s full potential is and realizing that CHOLERIC
potential - Also tend to be more extroverted
- What a man can be, he must be - Independent, decisive, and goal oriented
- Contentment/Satisfied - They enjoy being in charge of a group since
they have many leadership qualities as well
JOHARI WINDOW as ambition
Joseph Luft & Harry Ingram - Choleric personalities also have a logical
and fact-based outlook on the world
A tool for self understanding, awareness and
personal growth MELANCHOLIC
- These individuals tend to be analytical;
detail oriented and they are deep thinkers
and feelers
- They are introverted and try to avoid being
singled out in a crowd
- They often strive for perfection within
themselves and their surroundings

PHLEGMATIC
- Tends to be more relaxed, peaceful, quiet
and easy going
- They are sympathetic and care about
others, yet try to hide their emotions
- They are also good at generalizing ideas or
problems to the world and making
compromises

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
Sigmund Freud
- Father of modern psychology
- All behaviors can be explained
- Personality develops from 0-6 years old

LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

THEORETICAL MODELS OF PERSONALITY

DEVELOPMENT

FOUR TEMPERAMENT THEORY

Hippocrates
- Is a proto psychological theory that suggest
that there are 4 fundamental personality
types: sanguine, choleric,, melancholic and
phlegmatic
CONSCIOUS MIND- now!
SUBCONSCIOUS MIND- easily recall
UNCONSCIOUS MIND- cannot recall
EGO DEFENSE MECHANISM PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
Erik Erikson

DENIAL- refusing/protecting self from reality

DISPLACEMENT- substitute impulses to a non
dangerous/ non threat being or thing
REPRESSION- unconscious forgetting
SUPRESSION-

PROJECTION- blaming others but it is your

character
INTROJECTION- fitting in (unconsciously)
IDENTIFICATION- imitating (conscious)
SUBLIMATION- activities (war freak-boxing)
REACTION FORMATION- person acts in the exact
opposite manner
UNDOING- doing something to make up for a
wrong doing
COMPENSATION- attempting to make up some
deficiency (pangit pero sexy)
REGRESSION- nagiging bata (thumb sucking)
FIXATION- immobilization of development or
personality
SUBSTITUTION- replacing desired gratification
with one that is readily available

PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
Sigmund Freud