Name: Diliannis Hopkinson

Title:Titration
Aim:To determine the molar and mass concentrations of Hydrochloric Acid (HCI) using 0.05M
Sodium Carbonate.
Apparatus and Materials:
1) 25ml Pipette 7) Wash bottle of distilled water
2) 50ml Burette 8) 3 beakers (250ml)
3) White Tile 9) 3 conical flasks (250ml)
4) Funnel 10) Retort stand and boss clamp
5) Pipette Filter 11) Screened methyl orange indicator
6) Hydrochloric acid 12) Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) 0.05M

Diagram:
Procedure:
1) A Pipette 25cm3 of 0.05M sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) into a conical flask.
2) Three drops of phenolphthalein was added to the conical flask with the na2CO3
3) The burette was filled with HCl with the use of a funnel.
4) The Na2CO3 solution was titrated against the HCI until the green color was changed to
grey.
5) The titre values were recorded and tabulated in Table 1.
6) The steps 1-4 were repeated until the titre values differed by 0.1 or were exactly the
same.

Treatment of results:
a) Average of Volume of HCL
b) =( 3.1 + 3.2 + 3.1) / 3
= 9.4cm3 / 3
= 3.1cm3
1dm3 = 1000cm3
3.1cm3 / 1 x 1dm3 / 1000 cm3 = 0.0031 dm3

Number moles in Na2CO

c) 25 cm3/ 1 x 1 dm3 / 1000cm3 = 0.025 dm3

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume

0.05 M or moldm3 = mol / 0.025dm3
0.05 moldm-3 x 0.025 dm3 = mol of solute
0.00125 mol = mol of solute
0.00125mol of Na2CO3

d) Na2(O2(aq)) + 2 HCL(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O(l)

Hence Na2CO3 and HCL occur in a 1:2 ratio.

e) Since Na2CO3 and HCL occur in a 1:2 ratio, 0.00125mol / 1 x 2 / 1= 0.0025 mol of HCL.
 f) Molar Conc of HCL = moles of solute / volume
= 0.0025 mol / 0.0031 dm3
= 0.806 mol dm-3
g) Con3 in grams per dm3 (g/ dm3 or g/dm3)

i) Molar Mass of HCL = H+CL

= (1.001+35.453) g/mol
= 36.5 g/mol

ii) Mass Conc = molarity x molar mass

= 0.806 mol/ dm3 x 36.5 g/ mol
= 29.5 g / dm3

Results:

Burette reading/ Test Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3

cm3

Final burette reading 37.50 34.40 27.80 21.30

Initial burette reading 41.30 37.50 31.50 24.40

Volume HCL used 3.80 3.10 3.20 3.10

Discussion:
Volumetric analysis is a general term for a method in quantitative chemical analysis in which the
amount of a substance is determined by the measurement of the volume that the substance
occupies. Analyte refers to a substance or chemical component that is being analyzed or
measured in a sample during laboratory testing. The analyte in this experiment is HCL. A
standard refers to a known substance with a precisely determined concentration for comparison
and measurement purposes. The standard used in this experiment is Na2CO3. The balanced

equation for the reaction between HCL and Na2CO3 is Na2(O)(aq) + 2HCL(aq) → 2NaCl(aq)+ O2(g)
+ CO(o). Indicators are substances whose solutions change color due to changes in PH. Indicator
is any substance that gives a visible sign, usually by a colour change, of the presence or absence
of a threshold concentration of a chemical species, such as an acid or an alkali in a solution. An
example is the substance called methyl yellow, which imparts a yellow colour to an alkaline
solution. Phenolphthalein is used to visually indicate the endpoint of acid base titrations and
when the pink colour appears that was the end point indicator signaling that enough titrate was
added to neutralize the acid present in the solution. In an acidic conduction the colour appeared
colourless, in neutral it appeared colourless and in the alkali condition it appeared pink.

Precautions:
It was ensured that three drops of indicator were placed into the base with caution.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the molar concentration of HCL is 0.806mol/dm-3 and the mass concentration is
29.4g/dm-3.