Essay on Global Warming – Causes and

Solutions
Global Warming is a term almost everyone is familiar with. But, its meaning is still
not clear to most of us. So, Global warming refers to the gradual rise in the overall
temperature of the atmosphere of the Earth. There are various activities taking
place which have been increasing the temperature gradually. Global warming is
melting our ice glaciers rapidly. This is extremely harmful to the earth as well as
humans. It is quite challenging to control global warming; however, it is not
unmanageable. The first step in solving any problem is identifying the cause of the
problem. Therefore, we need to first understand the causes of global warming
that will help us proceed further in solving it. In this essay on Global Warming, we
will see the causes and solutions of Global Warming.

Causes of Global Warming

Global warming has become a grave problem which needs undivided attention. It
is not happening because of a single cause but several causes. These causes are
both natural as well as manmade. The natural causes include the release of
greenhouses gases which are not able to escape from earth, causing the
temperature to increase.

Further, volcanic eruptions are also responsible for global warming. That is to say,
these eruptions release tons of carbon dioxide which contributes to global
warming. Similarly, methane is also one big issue responsible for global warming.

After that, the excessive use of automobiles and fossil fuels results in increased
levels of carbon dioxide. In addition, activities like mining and cattle rearing are
very harmful to the environment. One of the most common issues that are taking
place rapidly is deforestation.
So, when one of the biggest sources of absorption of carbon dioxide will only
disappear, there will be nothing left to regulate the gas. Thus, it will result in
global warming. Steps must be taken immediately to stop global warming and
make the earth better again.

Global Warming Solutions

As stated earlier, it might be challenging but it is not entirely impossible. Global
warming can be stopped when combined efforts are put in. For that, individuals
and governments, both have to take steps towards achieving it. We must begin
with the reduction of greenhouse gas.

Furthermore, they need to monitor the consumption of gasoline. Switch to a

hybrid car and reduce the release of carbon dioxide. Moreover, citizens can
choose public transport or carpool together. Subsequently, recycling must also be
encouraged.

For instance, when you go shopping, carry your own cloth bag. Another step you
can take is to limit the use of electricity which will prevent the release of carbon
dioxide. On the government’s part, they must regulate industrial waste and ban
them from emitting harmful gases in the air. Deforestation must be stopped
immediately and planting of trees must be encouraged.

In short, all of us must realize the fact that our earth is not well. It needs to
treatment and we can help it heal. The present generation must take up the
responsibility of stopping global warming in order to prevent the suffering of
future generations. Therefore, every little step, no matter how small carries a lot
of weight and is quite significant in stopping global warming.

FAQs on Global Warming

Q.1 List the causes of Global Warming.

A.1 There are various causes of global warming both natural and manmade. The natural one includes a
greenhouse gas, volcanic eruption, methane gas and more. Next up, manmade causes are deforestation,
mining, cattle rearing, fossil fuel burning and more.

Q.2 How can one stop Global Warming?

A.2 Global warming can be stopped by a joint effort by the individuals and the government.
Deforestation must be banned and trees should be planted more. The use of automobiles must be
limited and recycling must be encouraged

Cyber Security Essay

Cybersecurity means protecting data, networks, programs and other information

from unauthorized or unattended access, destruction or change. In today’s world,
cybersecurity is very important because of some security threats and cyber-
attacks. For data protection, many companies develop software. This software
protects the data. Cybersecurity is important because not only it helps to secure
information but also our system from virus attack. After the U.S.A. and China,
India has the highest number of internet users.
Cyber Threats
It can be further classified into 2 types. Cybercrime – against individuals,
corporates, etc.and Cyberwarfare – against a state.

Cyber Crime
Use of cyberspace, i.e. computer, internet, cellphone, other technical devices,
etc., to commit a crime by an individual or organized group is called cyber-crime.
Cyber attackers use numerous software and codes in cyberspace to commit
cybercrime. They exploit the weaknesses in the software and hardware design
through the use of malware. Hacking is a common way of piercing the defenses of
protected computer systems and interfering with their functioning. Identity theft
is also common.

Cybercrimes may occur directly i.e, targeting the computers directly by spreading
computer viruses. Other forms include DoS attack. It is an attempt to make a
machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. It suspends
services of a host connected to the internet which may be temporary or
permanent.

Malware is a software used to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive

information, or gain access to private computer systems. It usually appears in the
form of code, scripts, active content, and other software. ‘Malware’ refers to a
variety of forms of hostile or intrusive software, for example, Trojan Horses,
rootkits, worms, adware, etc.

Another way of committing cybercrime is independent of the Computer Network

or Device. It includes Economic frauds. It is done to destabilize the economy of a
country, attack on banking security and transaction system, extract money
through fraud, acquisition of credit/debit card data, financial theft, etc.
Hinder the operations of a website or service through data alteration, data
destruction. Others include using obscene content to humiliate girls and harm
their reputation, Spreading pornography, threatening e-mail, assuming a fake
identity, virtual impersonation. Nowadays misuse of social media in creating
intolerance, instigating communal violence and inciting riots is happening a lot.

Cyber Warfare
Snowden revelations have shown that Cyberspace could become the theatre of
warfare in the 21st century. Future wars will not be like traditional wars which are
fought on land, water or air. when any state initiates the use of internet-based
invisible force as an instrument of state policy to fight against another nation, it is
called cyberwar’.

It includes hacking of vital information, important webpages, strategic controls,

and intelligence. In December 2014 the cyberattack a six-month-long cyberattack
on the German parliament for which the Sofacy Group is suspected. Another
example 2008 cyberattack on US Military computers. Since these cyber-attacks,
the issue of cyber warfare has assumed urgency in the global media.

Inexpensive Cybersecurity Measures

The simplest thing you can do to up your security and rest easy at night knowing
your data is safe is to change your passwords.
You should use a password manager tool like LastPass, Dashlane, or Sticky
Password to keep track of everything for you. These applications help you to use
unique, secure passwords for every site you need while also keeping track of all of
them for you.
An easy way for an attacker to gain access to your network is to use old
credentials that have fallen by the wayside. Hence delete unused accounts.
Enabling two-factor authentication to add some extra security to your logins. An
extra layer of security that makes it harder for an attacker to get into your
accounts.
Keep your Softwares up to date.
Conclusion
Today due to high internet penetration, cybersecurity is one of the biggest need
of the world as cybersecurity threats are very dangerous to the country’s security.
Not only the government but also the citizens should spread awareness among
the people to always update your system and network security settings and to the
use proper anti-virus so that your system and network security settings stay virus
and malware-free.

Keep yourself safe from COVID-19

Maintain at least a 1-metre distance between yourself and others to reduce your
risk of infection when they cough, sneeze or speak. Maintain an even greater
distance between yourself and others when indoors. The further away, the better.
Make wearing a mask a normal part of being around other people.
Here are the basics of how to wear a mask:

Clean your hands before you put your mask on, as well as before and after you
take it off.
Make sure it covers both your nose, mouth and chin.
Here are some specifics on what type of mask to wear and when, depending on
how much virus is circulating where you live, where you go and who you are.

Wear a fabric mask unless you’re in a particular risk group. This is especially
important when you can’t stay physically distanced, particularly in crowded and
poorly ventilated indoor settings.
Wear a medical/surgical mask if you:
Are over 60,
Have underlying medical conditions,
Are feeling unwell, and/or
Are looking after an ill family member.
For more public advice on masks, read our Q&A and watch our videos. There is
also a Q&A focused on masks and children.
For health workers, medical masks are essential personal protective equipment
when engaging with patients with suspected, probable or confirmed COVID-19.
Respirator masks (such as FFP2, FFP3, N95, N99) should be used in settings where
procedures generating aerosols are performed and must be fitted to ensure the
right size is worn.
Find out more about the science of how COVID-19 infects people and our bodies
react by watching or reading this interview.

How to make your environment safer

Avoid the 3Cs: spaces that are closed, crowded or involve close contact.
Outbreaks have been reported in restaurants, choir practices, fitness classes,
nightclubs, offices and places of worship where people have gathered, often in
crowded indoor settings where they talk loudly, shout, breathe heavily or sing.
The risks of getting COVID-19 are higher in crowded and inadequately ventilated
spaces where infected people spend long periods of time together in close
proximity. These environments are where the virus appears to spreads by
respiratory droplets or aerosols more efficiently, so taking precautions is even
more important.
Meet people outside. Outdoor gatherings are safer than indoor ones, particularly
if indoor spaces are small and without outdoor air coming in.
For more information on how to hold events like family gatherings, children’s
football games and family occasions, read our Q&A on small public gatherings.
Avoid crowded or indoor settings but if you can’t, then take precautions:
Open a window. Increase the amount of ‘natural ventilation’ when indoors.
WHO has published Q&As on ventilation and air conditioning for both the general
public and people who manage public spaces and buildings.
Wear a mask (see above for more details).

Don’t forget the basics of good hygiene

Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or
wash them with soap and water. This eliminates germs including viruses that may
be on your hands.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Hands touch many surfaces and can
pick up viruses. Once contaminated, hands can transfer the virus to your eyes,
nose or mouth. From there, the virus can enter your body and infect you.
Cover your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or
sneeze. Then dispose of the used tissue immediately into a closed bin and wash
your hands. By following good ‘respiratory hygiene’, you protect the people
around you from viruses, which cause colds, flu and COVID-19.
Clean and disinfect surfaces frequently especially those which are regularly
touched, such as door handles, faucets and phone screens.

What to do if you feel unwell

Know the full range of symptoms of COVID-19. The most common symptoms of
COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, and tiredness. Other symptoms that are less
common and may affect some patients include loss of taste or smell, aches and
pains, headache, sore throat, nasal congestion, red eyes, diarrhoea, or a skin rash.
Stay home and self-isolate even if you have minor symptoms such as cough,
headache, mild fever, until you recover. Call your health care provider or hotline
for advice. Have someone bring you supplies. If you need to leave your house or
have someone near you, wear a medical mask to avoid infecting others.
If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention
immediately. Call by telephone first, if you can and follow the directions of your
local health authority.
Keep up to date on the latest information from trusted sources, such as WHO or
your local and national health authorities. Local and national authorities and
public health units are best placed to advise on what people in your area should
be doing to protect themselves.
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Covid-19 and its impact on Bangladesh

economy
Bangladesh will fall into a really difficult situation if the country remains locked
down for a longer period. Here, a huge number of people live from hand to
mouth

The Covid-19 pandemic has thus far spread to 208 countries and regions of the
world, significantly affecting the global economy. Since the virus has been
growing exponentially, even the developed countries have been unable to contain
its spread. As a result, people are dying in the affected areas at an alarming rate.

We can’t even think how deadly the highly contagious disease will turn if it
spreads from a moderate to a strong category in India or Bangladesh.
Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world, however, to our
concern, the healthcare facilities in the country are too limited to serve its 160
million-plus population.

If we look at the sector-wise resource distribution of operating and development

budget for the fiscal year 2019-20, we would see the health sector has received
merely 4.9% of the total allocation.
Meanwhile, the education and technology sector has received 15.2% allocation
which is more than 3 times higher than the health sector allocation. Due to poor
investment in healthcare infrastructure nationwide and scarcity of medical
equipment i.e. testing kits, and doctors to combat Covid-19, the government is
passing a very hard time.

The government should act promptly to allocate further resources to healthcare

infrastructure development to tackle this pandemic. Till now, there is no
vaccination for this virus. Thus isolation and lockdown are the only means to stop
the spread of this deadly virus.

Bangladesh outlook
The unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to global trade,
business, and education. Bangladesh is equally affected by this contagion.
The economic consequences of the Covid-19 outbreak are tough to handle as the
entire of the global supply chain has been interrupted due to worldwide
transportation shutdown.

Till now, the Bangladesh readymade garments (RMG) industry has received work
order cancellations of nearly $3 billion.
Around 2 million workers in the industries will be affected by this. Around 4
million people are directly engaged with the RMG sector e.g. backward linkage
industries, accessories and packaging factories and transportation sector.

The import and export-oriented companies are also at risk. The foreign
remittance will come down and thus it will hit the foreign reserves of the country.

Bangladesh will fall into a really difficult situation if the country remains locked
down for a longer period. Here, a huge number of people live from hand to
mouth. Consistent high growth has been unable to create sufficient jobs in the
economy. Due to inequality of income and asset distribution, the advantages of
higher GDP growth is not evident in society.

Recently, garment workers coming back to Dhaka amid the government-imposed

shutdown and the risk of getting infected only revealed that due to disparity in
wealth distribution these people are unable to stay at homes without work for
their survival, thus, they are concerned much more about their job rather than
Covid-19.

The higher growth and increased per capita income have benefitted a small group
of rich people much more than the much greater number of poor people. Now its
the time for the government to think about this crucial issue and chalk out a long-
term plan to minimise the disparity between the rich and the poor.

We all know the banking industry is in back gear due to mounting non-performing
loans (NPLs). If the RMG industry and its backward linkage industries fail, then the
entire banking system will collapse. Today, fifty-nine commercial banks and
general insurance companies are heavily relying on garments and related
industries for their business.
The government has already declared a Tk5,000 crore incentive package to
mitigate the losses in the RMG sector. However, if the outbreak prolongs it will be
difficult for the government to handle the situation and the result of this will be
catastrophic as more than 85 percent of the countrys export earnings come
through the RMG sector.

We could not diversify our export basket, thus creating a huge risk in our export
portfolios. If we look at our RMG rival Vietnams export portfolios, RMG has
earned one-fifth of its total export earnings.

Their export basket is pooled with some other industries combination; thus they
dont need to rely on only one industry. For sustainable economic growth,
Bangladesh should have diversified its export basket o reduce the sole
dependency on the RMG industry.

Economic challenges
Due to uncertainties over the invention of vaccination to prevent the fatal, it is
fully unpredictable to make a to-do list as lockdown or isolation is not the
ultimate solution.

On a larger scale, we may have to face an economic slowdown in the short term
while there might be a recession in the long term.

On April 5, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina unveiled a Tk72,750 crore stimulus

package, including the previously declared Tk5,000 crore package, to address the
economic impacts of the coronavirus outbreak.

The amount is nearly 2.52 percent of the countrys GDP. The government could
take both fiscal and monetary measures to combat the novel coronavirus.
As per the prime ministers bailout plan, fiscal actions included stimulus packages
e.g. direct financial support for the affected sectors, widening social safety net
coverage for poor people, food distribution at a lower price among the poor
people, as well as increasing monetary supply.

The monetary actions would be lowering the repo rate and reduction of the Cash
Reserve Ratio (CRR) to increase the money supply to the economy.

The author is the Head of ICC, UniCap Securities Limited. He can be reached at:
shahriar@unicap-securities.com

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