Mali Weather Station Kupang

The average and maximum monthly rainfall and humidity data for 10 years at Mali is shown in Tables
below:
201
0
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 13 15,6 13,2 7,7 17 7 1,1 4,6 5,2 11,1 15,6 22
Average of RR (mm/day) 2,74 2,47 1,06 0,54 1,86 0,74 0,07 0,15 0,26 1,69 2,24 3,66
Max of RH_avg (%) 91 94 92 94 94 88 90 84 83 88 85 93
84,2 86,7 84,1 85,5 86,6 83,3 84,0 78,3 76,6 78,0 73,5 81,8
Average of RH_avg (%) 3 8 8 6 2 9 3 3 8 7 5 3

201
1
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 21,6 12,2 15,6 15 0,7 2,2 4,7 0 0 4 25 11,6
Average of RR (mm/day) 4,57 2,48 2,47 1,67 0,03 0,08 0,15 0,00 0,00 0,29 1,27 1,37
Max of RH_avg (%) 93 94 94 92 88 86 88 79 82 72 80 88
83,9 85,9 85,0 84,6 83,0 78,7 79,3 73,7 72,8 67,3 72,7 74,3
Average of RH_avg (%) 1 5 8 8 0 2 5 1 0 5 9 0

201
2
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Average of RR (mm/day) 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
Max of RH_avg (%)                        
Average of RH_avg (%)                        

201
3
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 25                      
13,4
Average of RR (mm/day) 5                      
Max of RH_avg (%) 94                      
91,0
Average of RH_avg (%) 0                      

201
4
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 20 8,6 3,5 24 2,3 3,5 6 0 0   5 5,4
Average of RR (mm/day) 5,12 4,70 2,33 5,01 0,79 1,86 0,97 0,00 0,00   2,37 2,74
Max of RH_avg (%) 91 92 85 86 87 95 86 79 71   79 88
85,8 86,1 84,6 81,7 79,8 84,8 78,0 74,7 71,0 74,2 78,0
Average of RH_avg (%) 9 3 7 8 6 0 8 1 0   9 0

201
5
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 21 11,6 17,2 19 1,2 1,1 0 0 0   5,1 21
Average of RR (mm/day) 5,03 6,03 5,14 4,79 1,20 0,18 0,00 0,00 0,00   2,58 5,51
Max of RH_avg (%) 85 89 88 89 84 82 82 78 75   77 88
82,7 84,4 85,3 83,8 84,0 80,3 77,9 75,6 75,0 73,0 79,6
Average of RH_avg (%) 0 0 3 0 0 3 5 7 0   0 0

201
6
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 31 11,2 3,1 15,9 12 1 3,5   6,6 10,2 5 6,5
Average of RR (mm/day) 9,58 4,90 1,12 8,47 3,66 1,00 3,25   3,45 3,43 2,11 5,75
Max of RH_avg (%) 92 92 85 88 91 84 85   87 84 83 83
84,2 85,6 84,2 85,0 81,9 84,0 83,0 81,0 76,6 77,5 82,5
Average of RH_avg (%) 0 4 0 0 0 0 0   0 7 7 0

201
7
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 12 22,4 9,7 2,2 2,7 4,6 3,6   1 6 26,4 27
Average of RR (mm/day) 3,46 8,83 3,09 0,80 0,35 1,46 0,90   0,14 3,00 9,88 6,84
Max of RH_avg (%) 88 92 92 91 88 92 91   78 83 87 89
85,2 86,3 85,9 86,0 80,2 86,6 84,6 73,2 80,3 82,0 83,2
Average of RH_avg (%) 5 6 2 0 5 0 0   9 3 0 0

201
8
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 14 17,3 10,7 9,2 5 24,4 3,1 7,2 2,8   13,2 8
12,7
Average of RR (mm/day) 6,34 6,14 2,50 2,47 3,85 0 2,40 3,08 2,80   6,60 2,97
Max of RH_avg (%) 94 95 93 87 85 80 81 86 74   86 88
85,4 87,8 83,4 82,8 84,5 79,0 81,0 82,4 74,0 81,0 81,8
Average of RH_avg (%) 0 8 3 3 0 0 0 0 0   0 6

201
9
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 19 22 23 2,1 1,8 1,4 2 1,2 0,6 0 0,2 13,5
Average of RR (mm/day) 5,15 2,80 3,51 0,23 0,10 0,05 0,08 0,07 0,02 0,00 0,01 1,05
Max of RH_avg (%) 94 92 91 88 87 83 84 80 82 79 82 82
83,9 86,5 85,3 81,6 80,0 78,7 78,3 75,8 75,4 74,8 74,4 75,7
Average of RH_avg (%) 3 4 7 8 4 8 5 4 6 2 0 9

202
0
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 22,4 16 16 21 8 1 0 0 0 18,2 14 27
Average of RR (mm/day) 4,23 2,85 2,61 1,97 0,82 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,72 0,71 5,95
Max of RH_avg (%) 88 91 92 89 89 86 83 85 78 81 80 93
84,0 86,4 86,8 81,3 80,9 81,1 77,6 76,3 75,3 73,3 73,7 83,0
Average of RH_avg (%) 7 6 6 0 0 5 7 3 3 1 9 8

202
 1
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 12,2 14,2 20 5,4 3,4 0,8 0 3,5 11,6 5,4 6,5 14
Average of RR (mm/day) 3,09 4,34 4,85 0,30 0,18 0,05 0,00 0,28 0,45 0,28 0,70 2,15
Max of RH_avg (%) 93 91 93 91 84 85 84 83 83 82 88 89
86,9 86,0 86,6 83,0 79,6 81,2 77,8 76,9 76,8 74,8 76,8 82,7
Average of RH_avg (%) 3 0 7 0 7 3 2 3 5 5 6 3

202
2
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 16 27 14,4 7,1 14,2 8            
Average of RR (mm/day) 5,30 3,48 1,28 0,48 0,93 1,12            
Max of RH_avg (%) 90 94 94 88 88 89            
84,8 87,0 86,2 83,7 83,4 86,5
Average of RH_avg (%) 9 0 1 9 2 3            

Seasonal Rainfall Pattern

Indonesia is affected by monsoon season with wet season usually occurs in October to March and
dry season in April to September. The average total monthly rainfall for 10 years is shown below:

Rainfall Humidity
70 90

60
85
50
R (mm/month)

Humidity (%)

40 80

30 75
20
70
10

0 65
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month

The rainfall pattern shows that dry season peak occurred in August and rainy season peak occurred
in January. The total rainy day for each month and year is shown below:

Total Rainy Day

All
Years JA FE MA AP MA JU JU AU SE OC NO DE Year
N B R R Y N L G P T V C
2010 20 9 5 5 10 7 3 2 4 13 10 17 105
2011 22 14 15 11 4 2 1 0 0 3 6 9 87
 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2013 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
2014 13 12 4 7 3 5 3 0 0 0 6 12 65
2015 11 14 9 9 1 2 0 0 0 0 4 11 61
2016 8 11 6 2 9 1 2 1 1 6 5 3 55
2017 10 14 14 4 2 3 2 0 1 6 8 12 76
2018 18 12 9 5 2 2 2 6 1 0 12 9 78
2019 17 11 12 5 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 5 60
2020 17 16 15 7 10 1 0 0 0 2 4 14 86
2021 15 19 12 5 3 2 0 4 2 4 6 14 86
Averag
e 13 11 8 5 4 2 1 1 1 3 5 9 64

Extreme Rainfall

The total rainfall for one year and maximum rainfall for each year is shown below:

Total Rainfall Max R24

1200 90
80
1000
Total Rainfall (mm/years)

70

Max R24 (mm/day)

800 60
50
600
40
400 30
20
200
10
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Month

It shows the wettest year in 11 years occurred in 2010 and the driest season occurred In 2013.
Extreme rainfall is calculated using the block maxima approach. The distribution frequency fit test is
performed using 3 types of distribution: Largest Extreme Value (LEV), Lognormal, and Log Pearson III.
The distribution fit criteria are pvalue > 5% for 95% CI and the smallest Anderson Darling Test for
normality test. The results of distribution frequency test are shown below:
Based on fit criteria, the rainfall distribution is the Lognormal. Using the fitted parameter, the
Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function is plotted below:
The extreme rainfall for design obtained from ECDF below:

RT % R24
% ECDF
(years) Excdn (mm/day)
2 50 50 56
2,5 60 40 61
5 80 20 73
10 90 10 84
20 95 5 94
25 96 4 97
50 98 2 107
100 99 1 117
200 99,5 0,5 127