Kalimarau Weather Station Tarakan

The average and maximum monthly rainfall and humidity data for 10 years at Kalimarau is shown in
Tables below:

2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 43 19.5 24.5 28 20.4 32 22 16 23 23 20 47
Average of RR (mm/day) 4.13 3.30 5.39 5.96 5.61 4.84 6.72 3.20 5.86 4.96 3.96 7.23
Max of RH_avg (%) 93 87 94 94 92 94 96 92 95 91 94 96
Average of RH_avg (%) 81.35 81.05 83.45 86.00 87.29 87.88 88.18 87.13 89.57 88.22 87.44 88.47

2011
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 32.6 36 20 12 26 17.2 22.7 27.5 12.9 47 13 11
Average of RR (mm/day) 5.61 6.84 4.85 3.98 6.49 3.14 2.84 4.40 1.97 8.94 3.55 3.42
Max of RH_avg (%) 93 93 93 93 93 92 92 94 94 93 94 92
Average of RH_avg (%) 88.78 86.22 88.28 87.83 88.61 87.06 84.88 85.35 85.62 86.67 88.22 86.29

2012
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 32 22.4 23 44 23 20.3 28 18 15.2      
Average of RR (mm/day) 6.33 4.21 4.08 4.17 5.85 3.67 5.15 2.61 3.36      
Max of RH_avg (%) 95 91 94 92 89 90 94 89 90      
Average of RH_avg (%) 88.94 87.32 88.20 86.61 85.58 85.75 84.55 83.13 84.61      

2013
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 19.3 26.4 24 30 44 18 18.2 26.4 22 17 32.6 27
Average of RR (mm/day) 3.10 5.77 3.91 5.32 7.86 3.56 2.56 3.92 4.63 4.18 4.92 4.55
Max of RH_avg (%) 92 94 89 92 94 92 90 92 87 89 92 93
Average of RH_avg (%) 84.90 86.52 84.09 86.40 85.95 84.47 85.23 83.48 84.08 84.67 86.10 86.87

2014
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 20 26.5 24 24 34 17 51 32.6 31 34 24 17.4
Average of RR (mm/day) 2.93 2.65 3.91 5.86 5.07 2.33 7.57 4.03 3.36 5.07 4.77 3.59
Max of RH_avg (%) 91 92 93 88 93 88 87 93 93 93 91 94
Average of RH_avg (%) 83.81 82.48 82.30 83.35 84.91 83.55 83.86 84.25 83.16 82.18 85.65 87.33

2015
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 31 37.2 8.2 26 28 10 11.6 15.2 10.6 23 23.8 19
Average of RR (mm/day) 3.96 3.71 1.67 4.59 4.50 2.88 1.70 1.50 2.21 2.42 5.49 3.80
Max of RH_avg (%) 94 92 91 89 93 93 86 86 87 90 91 90
Average of RH_avg (%) 85.67 83.22 83.11 84.65 85.43 84.87 80.90 82.32 83.75 83.74 85.15 83.95

2016
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 37 29 16.8 29 24.4 26.4 14.4 15.2 45 38 16 20.4
Average of RR (mm/day) 5.13 3.28 3.56 4.80 6.39 3.42 2.82 2.67 7.65 11.83 4.18 3.94
Max of RH_avg (%) 91 87 87 88 91 90 88 87 89 91 93 94
Average of RH_avg (%) 84.50 80.29 83.29 83.68 85.65 84.16 83.89 81.78 84.56 86.43 85.33 86.69
 2017
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 15.7 26.4 25 19 22 14 20.4 30.8 20.4 29 20 36
Average of RR (mm/day) 4.48 4.44 6.26 5.36 4.87 4.37 5.55 3.62 3.60 3.67 4.09 5.46
Max of RH_avg (%) 95 88 93 96 89 89 93 89 88 88 91 90
Average of RH_avg (%) 86.21 82.43 84.61 86.00 84.95 84.96 84.18 83.17 82.41 82.74 85.28 84.71

2018
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 23 16.6 38 17.2 25.5 17.2 7.8 19 24 32 30.8 17.5
Average of RR (mm/day) 5.39 3.14 4.72 5.35 5.09 2.49 1.70 5.51 4.46 4.96 6.15 4.04
Max of RH_avg (%) 93 92 92 87 89 90 87 87 88 94 88 90
Average of RH_avg (%) 86.33 84.17 84.52 84.77 83.08 86.00 83.17 81.63 81.12 83.82 85.15 85.40

2019
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 13.2 17 28 31 34 14 47 22 29 24.4 10.6 24.5
Average of RR (mm/day) 2.85 2.96 5.03 4.60 5.25 3.53 6.45 1.38 3.59 5.72 2.31 3.22
Max of RH_avg (%) 93 82 88 92 89 89 91 86 90 87 86 90
Average of RH_avg (%) 86.40 81.33 80.91 83.63 82.79 84.33 83.05 80.30 83.00 83.94 83.47 87.00

2020
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 12.2 15 26.4 24.4 17.4 31 45 43 26 51 44 7.2
Average of RR (mm/day) 1.74 1.86 4.29 1.43 3.12 3.31 6.00 6.22 7.76 6.31 8.25 2.02
Max of RH_avg (%) 94 94 90 92 94 91 87 91 91 90 96 89
Average of RH_avg (%) 86.05 82.71 85.00 84.94 87.00 86.17 84.50 84.15 85.44 85.53 86.52 86.44

2021
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 19.5 21 24 4.8 9.8 17 17 32 24.4 32 8.6 26.4
Average of RR (mm/day) 2.71 2.12 3.07 1.05 1.75 3.40 2.31 4.23 2.95 5.50 1.83 3.74
Max of RH_avg (%) 91 93 94 90 95 94 94 93 91 92 94 94
Average of RH_avg (%) 87.42 86.08 85.20 85.05 88.33 86.71 85.59 86.62 86.25 86.90 89.45 88.52

2022
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max of RR (mm/day) 25 12 37 24.4 21 16.8            
Average of RR (mm/day) 2.07 1.78 9.15 3.40 4.17 3.43            
Max of RH_avg (%) 94 91 94 95 94 91            
Average of RH_avg (%) 88.91 85.95 88.05 87.76 87.90 86.90            

Seasonal Rainfall Pattern

Indonesia is affected by monsoon season with wet season usually occurs in October to March and
dry season in April to September. The average total monthly rainfall for 10 years is shown below:
 Rainfall Humidity
160 88
140
87
120
86
R (mm/month)
100

Humidity (%)
80 85
60
84
40
83
20
0 82
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month

The rainfall pattern shows that dry season peak occurred in February and rainy season peak occurred
in May. The total rainy day for each month and year is shown below:

Total Rainy Day

Years All Year
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
2010 13 14 20 20 22 16 24 17 21 20 21 19 227
2011 18 14 20 17 19 13 14 18 14 19 17 15 198
2012 17 16 18 17 19 16 17 16 13 149
2013 16 21 17 22 25 14 14 16 18 21 19 17 220
2014 13 13 17 18 20 13 18 19 16 20 16 19 202
2015 20 9 14 20 19 10 10 10 17 11 23 17 180
2016 16 13 12 14 22 17 16 14 19 20 19 20 202
2017 22 15 21 20 18 18 15 18 15 14 23 18 217
2018 19 14 19 18 15 14 9 13 11 18 18 11 179
2019 5 5 15 16 18 17 18 6 11 20 19 15 165
2020 15 11 15 8 9 14 12 16 11 15 24 20 170
2021 18 13 16 12 15 16 13 14 13 12 16 15 173
Average 16 13 17 17 18 15 15 15 15 17 20 17 190

Extreme Rainfall

The total rainfall for one year and maximum rainfall for each year is shown below:
 Total Rainfall Max R24

3000 100
90
2500
80
Total Rainfall (mm/years)

Max R24 (mm/day)

70
2000
60
1500 50
40
1000
30
20
500
10
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Month

It shows the wettest year in 12 years occurred in 2016 and the driest season occurred In 2015.
Extreme rainfall is calculated using the block maxima approach. The distribution frequency fit test is
performed using 3 types of distribution: Largest Extreme Value (LEV), Lognormal, and Log Pearson III.
The distribution fit criteria are pvalue > 5% for 95% CI and the smallest Anderson Darling Test for
normality test. The results of distribution frequency test are shown below:
Based on fit criteria, the rainfall distribution is the Lognormal. Using the fitted parameter, the
Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function is plotted below:
The extreme rainfall for design obtained from ECDF below:

RT % R24
% ECDF
(years) Excdn (mm/day)
2 50 50 69
2.5 60 40 73
5 80 20 83
10 90 10 92
20 95 5 99
25 96 4 102
50 98 2 109
100 99 1 115
200 99.5 0.5 122