MATHEMATICAL TOOLS

→ Binomial theorem

Trigonometry
→

→
logarithm
→ St line ,
circle , parabola ,

Graph
.

ellipse , hyperbola
→ calculus
→ Differentiation
↳ Integration
→
vector
# Binomial theorem

Cmr]
n

4 ± a) ≈ [ 1 ±

↳ for
& a →
real number
↳ physics
n → rational no .

ignoring the

& a < a
1
higher power of a

terms
& General form :

KY ncn Den -27

n%ᵈ n(;
-

"
1-
( a) I
. . .

+
.

+ =
+
3 !
 factorial notation
1.
1 ! =L

2×1 2
2 ! = =

6
3 ! = 3×2×1 =

24
4! = 4×3×2×1 =

4×3×2 4×3×2×1 !
= 4×3 ! =
! =

4+42 simplify it n< < I

¥ if Intact
:
-
'

.
use Binomial theorem

( + a )2= It 2N

( comparable to 1)
if a > 1 or

'
Do not use
Binomial theorem
-
-
 " '
Solve
4001 ) approximately
E) )
" '
" -

cool =
(1000+1)
"2

=
Cooch [ It
¥]
-
Binomial
too < < I i. use

theorem

= 10312
(1+21×70) AE
 "
Solve
4001 ) approximately
" "ˢ
?
loool ) (1000+1)
'

"ˢ
=
( 10007
"
[it too ]
me
= 403 )"ˢ( It 3¥00 ]
Ay
 Acceleration due to gravity at height
'

h
'

from surface of earth is

given by

g' =
9
@R÷n ,
-

Earth
where , R is radius of .

when
Find its approximate expression

h < < R
%
'=gµR÷, g( 2¥ )
'
g' It C-
g
=

( h< < R )

=sq¥j '≈g( ¥)
g 1-

At
=
g
(1+1)-2
thee
#
use Binomial
hz<
i. : _

< 1
Ctu )ⁿ≈ltnn
Rest
# TRIGONOMETRY
ay
Sino =

1- =p

?
paint ,

:p
Cost =

7- = b

ro i
%
•

<

b-
land =

%
lstouadant 0
'

o ≤ ≤ 90

i. p → + ve

& b → + ve

are + ve
ratios
.

All T
'

-
-
-

r 02 7 01
 Oz > 0
,

÷
0 ↑ then P ↑ & b ↓

( & (Coo ) ↓
'

-
.
Sino ) ↑

/
"
"

"" " ° "" =

£ FE 0.866
Sinai =
0-5
= .
=
( ◦ szo =

¥ 0.707
-

sinus = =

-707
'

0
costs = =

sin 60
Ez 1¥
-

= =

{
'

5
= 0.866 Cos 60 = = o -

Sinai = I
[ 0590 0
'

=
2ⁿᵈ Quadrant
P → + ve

= -

? R b → - ve

÷
Sin 0 & Coseco are
'

b -
.

+ ve

& all other are re

-
→
.
: sin (1207--5141-240) =P
i.
p !
g2o°
[
'

-
240°

→
"
°
sin( 1807=0
b. = -12=-1 ( 05480 -7=-1
•

tanuki)=°
3rdquadranti.fr → - ve

b → -
ve

p;÷bÑ Sino
'

-
.
= -
ve

Cos 0 = -

ve

tano =
+ ve
ttthquadoant p→ -
ve i. Sino -

-
- ve

b → + ve Cosa = + ve

%:=
b
tano -_ - ve

5 Alak)
( sine)

T C
( cosine)
(Tau )
 A STC rule

↓ this
After School To College
formulate
sina.cosB-cosA.si 'nB
1) Sin ( Atb ) =

if A=B=O

sin ( 20 ) = 2 sina.co so
 if A=B=

since = 2 sin
/ ) - cos
(E)
sin A- COSB Cosa Sin B
( A- B)
-

2) sin
-

sin A- sin B
3) cos ( ATB) = Cos A. cos B-

if A=B=O

20 Sino
cos ( 20 ) = cos -

y
[
Cos ( 20 ) =

(I -
sin 20 ) - Sin 20

Cos ( 20 ) = I -
25in '
→ sina.cl =

a.gg , , , .gg ,

g ,
, .gg ,

cos / 20) = 2 cost -

sin A- sin B
4) COSCA -
B) = COSA costs - +
 tana tan B
5) +
tan ( Atb) =

1- tan A. tan B

if A=B=O

2tanO_
tan ( 20 ) =

1- tano

b) tan ( A- B) =

tanA-tanB.lt
tana tanB
 Evaluate : ¥ (1)

1) sin ( 157 sin ( is )= sin (45^-30)

COSY 5. sin
-

30
'

Sin 45 cos 30
( 15° )
-
.

2) Cos =

3) tan ( 75°) =
↓,
-

¥ -

¥ ± -

4) tan ( 22.5 )
= V5 -1

5) Cos ( 22.51 Ir AE

2) Cosas) = Cos (45--30)

sinks sin 30
'

:
Cos 45 Cos 30 +
-

=
.
 =

¥ -

¥ +
¥ -

= B
252 BE

[ (Sino )2=sin2O]
3) tan (7-5) =
tan (45^+30)
tan45-tan3 =

I -
tant5. tan 30
'
l -

¥
 =

9¥
a) ?
tinley
use tin 20 =

,?%o
tanto =

2Y?¥¥s ,

I -

tan 20 = 2 tan 0
 0
ten 'll +2 tano I
-
=

É equation

2 I
tano =

-2132ft
2-12-52
tan (22-5) ;
-

in

in
= V2 -
I

1st
Quad -
AE
5) Cos ( 22.5 )
20=2 cos 'd I
-

using
cos
"

cost22.SI =
l+ =

1-1=545
cos (22-5) =
=
fgj
AE
#
ConversionofT-ral ( O → acute )

1) sin (90-0) = Coso

proof Sind
'

Cos 90
( 90)
:
so
(90^-0)
-

sin .co
-

- sin =

Cost 0
1
-

= .

= Cost

sin -0
2) cos (90-0) =
.

3) sin (90-1--0) =
+ COSO
4) cos (90+0) = -
Sino
~
in 2nd Quadrant

Coto
5) tan (90-0) =
+
go
-

1st Quad '

490
.

90 - O

6) tan (90+0) = -
Coto - ao + c- 0)

'
'

T ratio changes
Note : 90 & 270
-

es ; (90-1-0) or (270+-0) sine cosine

 tan cot

0° & 360
'

'

& 180 T ratio remain same

→ -

es ; (360+-0) or
(180-1-0) or
(0-1-0)

7) sin (180--0) = + Sino

in

2ⁿᵈ Quad .

8) / 180 -0 ) cost
'

cos = -

9) tan (180-0) = -

Tano

Sino
10 ) sin (180+0) = -

¥Quad .
 cost
) sin ( 270 -0 )
'

11 =

14 sin
(360-0) =
-
Sino =
sin (0-0)
Fouad .
= sin C- 0 )

& cos C- )
0 =
+ coso

sin to )
& Ian C- d) =
=
-
tano
Io,
→ sin (90-+20) = + cos ( 20)
 sin ( 120 ) sin C- 240 )
'

Prove that =

¥ 1¥ Sinko ) = sin (90+30)

= + Cos 30
'

=
✓{
RES sin C- 240 ) = -
sin / 240 )

=
- Sin (270--30)
[ ] Bz
'

=
- -
cos 30 = Cos 30 =

'

-
-

His = RHS
 ( for Triangle )
#
Sineraule-
any

side of A
Constant
=
b
°
sine
of opposite for a
given
angle D
' '

C
B a

b- c-
÷a
'

= =

Sin B Sin C
→ learn it
# Cosine rule

}
A H
÷ p

C ! b
so %
,

'
b

;
7 c
Cos 0 =
¥
a D
B C
b = Hcoso
a- →-

no
,
, , ,
a. a. ,
, ,

& A D= b since

P= Hsino
 theorem :
BABI Pythagoras
"

C- =
(AD) 't ( BD )
2

c2= Cosine )2+ ( a - boos

btosk-2abcoscc2-bl-a2-2ab.co
c.
2
=
b2sin2C +
at

sc

similarly a2= b2+c2 _ 2 bc COSA

b- = a' + C2 -
2accosB
 7 '

ol find 'O
3K
g

¥ 52=72+(3525-217) F) coso

Solve

£
.

→ 0=45
CosO=
 /
*
"" "
"

= ¥ "" "
"

=
¥
3¥
§
4 "

5 Cos 37 '= cos 53

=

g-
4

tun37 3J ¥
-

'
=
tans 3- =

53
> r

3
#
Graph_→ pictorial representation of
mathematical equations .

done
'

'
if measurement is

w -
r -
t -

origin .

•A ☐

← :-.
A → initial

B → final
e
IN
•

-
n
◦ ( o.o )
r -
I
0 →
origin
→
Graph carry two information

qh( integration )
↳ slope of graph at a
point
( Differentiation)
Graph
→ ' '

tells instantaneous value

of y
' '
w .
8. t .
n .

line
#
Straight : -
 at
•

B A- → (N , / Yi )

g- a-
"

t
" - -

B→(kz
1%-11
/ 12 )
i.
A
q.IQ - - - ! -

a-
-
-
-
- -

:#
i Nz -
N/ I

d'
/

! ! Ya
I l

r
f r !

! ;
'

0×7
a

n→
 =%④
Slope = tano = ʰ
Uz -

Ni

☐ → Delta
✓
'

Average change
'

~ in y
represent
w t
change
8
in a'
'

considerable
-
-
.

change or

Average rate
of change
0 →
slope
of y w.r.t.ie
angle
 at
every point
is constant
slope
on
→

St .
line

f
Alternate
i
→
'

- -

by =
o
'

0=0
: 0
.

scope -_

tino -_ °

^
at
.
-

slope = o

Sn
→
if Ni : _
An -_ 0

-
'

slope = an = tan 0

Cab solute ventricle)

↓
Ya '

0=90
'

- .

'

-90 g zl
 initial final initial
EE y A- D=
a
→ -

B> final

ve
:
ay →
-

A
& An → + ve
•

"
%
r
! _ . . . _
. .
.io B
O → slope angle .

S L
an
'
z

Nz > KI

-
'

.
Slope =
8¥ = -
ve
&
g. < y ,
 0>90 ( obtuse )
'

-
:
slope = tano =
-

ve

& if O<

slope = tano = + ve

-
✗ -

#
Equationofst.li#
when one
point & slope is given
ay
→ slope -_m= tano
•
( ng ) ( assumed a
point )
on St . line
•

µ , / Y , ) point

70
Sze
slope = m =

&[÷
y -

y ,
= m
( n -
n '
)
AE
-
- ×

find equation line slope

of st whose
.

is -

§ and it pass through point

C- 2 , 1)
50=1 m= -

§ point → ( -2 , 1)
n ! ↳
y ,

using y -

y ,
= m ( K -
M)

C- 2D
Y -

1=(-1-3) ( n -

J -

I = -

§ ( n -12 )

y = -

} -

2-3-11 AE
 e¥ when slope &
y -

intercept is
given
Y a
→ slope __m=tun0

intercept Clet )
y - •
( ng )
[ <
•
( 0
, c) & -

slope __m= -

N - O

70
Sze

y = n + c
?⃝
 ↓
Coeff .

of k

if intercept is on -

y -
axis then replace
c-
+ C
by
'
c .

cnondusiony age (for St - line

)
-
linear relationship
for eg ; for Non -
Uniform motion
-
↳ constant
velocity → Not

↳ a = constant
↓
acceleration ✓ →
velocity
1- → time
v= ut at

V vis t relation is linear

Vat
'

V = at + U -
-

d
y ↳ n
itu.it?Ieast .
line
passing
origin
through ma
y =

it
e¥
,
ny
~
+
m =
m =
- ve

10
y
U
g
I n
e¥ intercept form of st - line
equation

ay @ b) ,
→ @ , / Y,)

@ 10 ) → 42112 )
( 0 b)
,

°a b-
•
a

slope -_m= = -

( olio )
•
Sze

>
a
using eqn of St .
line
y= mntc

y =

(E) a + 4- b)

y b1a
by
=
+
-

[ =
-
b
2- -

I
]
1- =
-

Za + I
 f- +
÷ =L

And the line

equation of passing
through & ⑤ Eline
through Ñ& C- 3T¥ -

perpendicular
-
 ;a
c
¥
'

tend '
j
mi =
tan 02
→
Mz
↑

Oi 02
) ,
S R
 "

0, ✗
Oz
'

- .
= +

using
Oz
tanA-tanBI-tanA.tn
✗
-
O
B)
=
,
tan ( A- =

tan ✗ = tan ( o ,
-0 ,
,

tanoz-taI.lt
Mz -
Mi

tan
=
✗ =
_

tano -
tano , It Mz Mi
,

mutual Lt
if both st . lines are

'

✗ 90
'

=
- .
 tan
'

- .
✗ = as

'
0
- -

It M
, Mz
=

m
Mz = -
I
fog
'

,
→
2=90
Y →
mi
a

~
(2/5)
6)
•

( -3 ,

•
M2
•

(-3/5)

↳ need to find its eqh .

S
x

mz=
=
§ =

2- C- 3)
& mutual Lt i. Mima -_ -1

5
'

-
.
M ,
=

using y -

y ,
=
mln -

ni )

d- 5-
(5) ( a- C- 37 )

Y -

5=56+3) And
 line
G) eqon of
Find whose do distance

units
Tgte-madebydiwilh-n-axisis-3.ci
5
from origin is - -

- -

- -

y
¥
A

"

o
-

gunit
= 10
so .

S
R
 =
¥30 '
=

¥3
.
: x -

intercept =
+

Y -
intercept = + to P
> O ,

¥
B

using Ia + I
=

→ a- -

Eso
E. +
÷ = ,

AE
 find equation of St . line , if do from
origin # linemee-ts-it-atc-T.iq )
- -

-1J
¥
a

C- 219 )
i.
me !÷ = -

{
Mt
q

>
+ K
@ I 0 )
 4
mimz using
'

- .
= - I

me =
& Y -

Y ,
=
milk
-

Ri )

Y -

9=2-9 ( x - C- D)

-85=0
9g -
2x

AE
 find equation of te that
off cuts
) intercepts on coordinate ate &
equal
(#
-

pastesthrough point
-
_

E) IT b ( Given )
a =

•
(2/3)
b

S R
S
 a

using 2- +
f- =/

( a=b )

2- +
ka =/

F
"
✗ +
y = a
Ans

↳
=

put (2i3 )
y = -

n -15

2+3=9
slope -_m= -
I

9=5 =b
Alternate
- a=b slope = tan ( 135
)

& a
=
tan (90+45)

=
- cot ( 457

^
-
=
-

I
45
'

•
(2/3)
02
b "

"

r tan C- 457
m =

as
S R

tanks
'

= -

= -

I
 i.
Y -
3 =
C- 1) ( R -

2)

n+y Ag

Ete :
slope __ tano

=
tan C- ✗ ) ✗
↑ &
= -
tant

tints
'

es ; m =
-
= -

I
 Cin÷-
#

-
•
(" ' 2)
-

?
-

.
.

C ( h , k)

s
n
0
 distance formula
using
✗ =(n-h)I(y-k#
g- = ( x - h ) 't ( y -
KT
↳
Equation of circle

when centre lies at origin ;

h=K=0
.
.

. ✗ ± x2+y2
 conicsectiono.cat
#

to base
11

↳ Circle
 /
Ellipse slant KYM
I
µ

aaa.is
.
→

1. is parallel
to
Parabola
→ plane
slant length
 I

i.

÷
1 to
- cwt plane parallel
Hyperbola axis
#
Ellipse &
F. &E are

^ focus point
( o ,
b)

i.
-

F,
Fz
E
In
• • • • •

[ ( ◦
)
9,0 )
' °

[ ¥ (a ,o )

@ ,
-

b)
a -
e-
 (
Axis 2b Minor Axis
La →
major →

a → semi " " I b. → Semi " "

Equatio-1%-2=1
nofel ipse.IE
→

→ learn it
 value
e. =
eccentricity → Constant

No± e=O ( circle )

e< 1
( Ellipse )
e > 1
( Hyperbola)

e=l
(parabola)
 ad

n÷ E.
¥ + = '

%
I
# Parabola
heneralofPar9

(
yxnt
't bn -1C
08 y = are

y2✗n

Parabola
#
Symmetrical
↳ Symmetrical about y -
axis or n -
axis

/ Fruit is mirror image of

other
Ls whenb=C
i. are
y =
_ a > 0

[ ) opening
upward
a' is + ve

-1L
parabola
^

↑ eg ;y=2ñ
or

__
F
Y=Y÷
g-
- -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- -
-

;
- - -

'
etc

I
.
_ .

¥ , ,

? A
-
u ↳ vertex is at origin
 2

EE y = an &
-
a < 0

a is - ve

at origin
is
at vertex
→ ^
• >

Downward
F
opening
•

eg ; y = -
2h2

x2
Y = -

etc .
.
 if
'

e¥ a-
ay & ( a > 0 )
08

yn
d- Y Rightward opening
eg ; yÉ 2N

08
F

{ ze
.
•
-

x=§y
08

n=y2 ,
etc . .
egj R =
ay2 a
& < o
08

y2= an

ñ'T ;
Leftward eg
-

a y
opening
=
-

08

¥-2
e '
% + an
= -

etc _ .

Nok : if b=c=o (vertex is at

origin
# Symmetrical parabola but vertex is not

at origin
-

if≠o
a site
es ; y =

at Y
a 0
eg ;
→ >

c > O

Y = 2nd -
I
•
F →
Symmetric
y = - NTR
•

Vertex ←
(0 c) ,
etc
9
+ u
#
physicsp◦inᵗ°f"
'
✓ →
velocity
eg① V= 2 t ' '

at time t
=

Draw its v vls t

graph .

¥ Vath
'
'
~ v ✗ is
about
a

parabolic Symmetric
→
symmetric
'
t is
of
+ ve
→
coeff .
 '

along
'

opening is it axis
'

- .
+

never
/

can
time ^
-14
ve
be
-

this 21-2
↑
'

✓ =
-
-

part
not
att
0=2+2

✗ >
+ it
 ) for t
eg Draw graph vis
v

it = Ft
v= velocity
d- = time

5¥ v=2t

✓ 2=2 t
-
about time axis
symmetric
is
along taxis
opening
+
&
 att
y2=2t

:
-
-

v,
- - -

iit
i.
Gt
;
÷
Un
- -
- -

%
Only one side of graph
is possible as an

at
object can have only one velocity
 time
at instant
of
.

no

St ¥
# Asymmetric / Non
-

symmetric parabola

are -1 bae
general
c
in : y=
+

[ c
'
can
be zero ]

i.
y=an2+bk ( c=o )
-
parabolic ( yaw)

if y anYbx=◦
 N ( ant b) = O

-
N = O
N =
-

by
↳ b > 0

but
→ it will also be a
parabola
shift a little in leftward

→ & if b. =
-
ve i. n=
-

& x=+ve
 i. it will shift a little rightward
b=i
°
& a > & a > 0

b=-
b' of
'

at Y aty
value
22444T
→ +ve
✗

311¥

• • 9
÷
"

in
* •

N=° + K
by n=0
•

✗= -

↳ vertex
Y=an2_ bae
Y=an2+bk
 '

es n'+ 32k 7-
'

,
y = 2n eg , y =
-
x

-
✗
-

for
'

)
'
'

graph
'

Draw s v
/s t

{
-
s ut
=

gt
-

s → displacement ( position w.tt -

origin)

u →
initial velocity ( + ve )

acceleration due to gravity C- ve

)
g →
 it → time
t=o t=
2¥
:
-

{ gt2
'
% s= ut -

m
-
total time
Asymmetric
parabola of journey
)
_

sat
(
at 5=0
;
ut -

{ gE=0
1- ( U -

¥ )=o
 5
at -

5- ut -

Igt

¥
*
st
t=0
# Hyperbola →
es ; ya = 2
, my = -
I

↳
ya ¥ etc .
.

or
Y
( constant ) ^

My = C c→
;

if
✗ → ao

:y→o Late
if u→o

: . Y → •

- - - - -

sa
it

÷(→
"

i.
-
-
y
 1-
"
if ya ✓
→
sky = Constant

Y ai ↳ Not a
hyperbola
y ✗
tea

'

g-
-
-

µ
if x= aty

" ' -

e 9 1- N

-
n
 / Draw Gravitational force (F)
✓ Is distance (2) graph

5¥ f- =
ʰmj[- ¥
-

: f- ✗
¥
- - -

8
 Sinn
Y
# =

÷ a parabola
Not

+ I
. . . .

;
_

: '

'
:
i 180 21-0 i
a r n b SN

:
•

'

=0 x=90
.

✗ 360 450°
i
i :
I
----.____#
-

complete cycle
one
y-÷y
I

"
;

0
% ;
*
'

i
.

.
"
:
↑
360
'
9
N
_

270 ,

! I

I
1

1 I

" '
! 1

÷÷:
- .
- _ .
 y=Y!
'

0 → 90 .
: tano → too

&
0 tano ve
-

> ao i. → -

µ
i.

& 0=90.0 - . .
. . I

i. tano → -
ao

'

°
"
sa
•

i
?⃝?⃝
T.li?gaan?jh??-yagiren n' is
'

number
number
which another fixed
exponent to
raised to
must be
/ base (b) ,

n'
'

produce that no
_

In
general :
dog (a) =

Y
,
-
if a bit
=
 }
R
Condition
> °
: .

& b > 0

es ; N = 1000
& b ≠ /

refer
ase = 10
(b)

10×10×10 = 1000

-
'

.
103 = tooo

log ( 1000)
&
3-
=

, ,
#
Ingenerali common log
→ or

↳ b = to decimal

L b- -
e = 2-7-18 → natural log
~ is
Differentiation easy
integration /

t.TT#dogb(AxB--logblA)-logb(
*

B)
2) logb (EB) =
dog (A)
,
-

dog (B)
,

(A)
3) log , ( AB) =
Blog ,
→
dog ( lo ) = I
, ,

0.693
→
log , ,
(2) =

In ( lo ) = 2.303
→
loge ( ) lo =

) 0
→
logblt =

b.
→except b< 0 & = I
 r

#
Function
output
input
→
y=f( a) ,

T
se y
I ↓

independent function dependent

"

" Variable
"
Van
function of.in
.

is
' '

y
-
Titman
'
to
'
' '
is related n
s y
But for
relation
through
.

some
should
of there
'
'
n
value
each finite ,

'

of
'

value y
-

single
exist a

Fees

\
; y : y k
=

if a- 4
i

5=4
'

+2
i.
y
- .

~-
 ↓
↓ "

µ
:
Y =
-
2
Y = -12

y
a

%
DX

EE position of particle is function of time

 function
motion
of car is
of petrol

;M-=ᵗ;Inari line

¥ :

" u
:

Line is made up of infinitesimally small

' '

dn
points) / of length
-

particle for line

change Nf Hi
drew
-

=
=

in a'
'

small change
infinitesimal
¥
,
made
I
DN Ring is

of
}

up
do
j
•

infinitesimally
small arc
' '

du
of length
Ring subtend
which angle
'
at centre
of ring
'
do .
¥ D → Either consider point
element
08

^
Disc is made up of
¥
.

elemental rings

area
of element = DA =
(211-0) do

I
EmnnmmYfFmmum_,Idr
Ed sheet
Rectangular
^

↓
dy
(
mmmmmmmnmmmws
a

da = (b) ( dy )
y

• "

◦
_ b-
 CALCULUS
,

e--
Differentiation Integration
Eis
-

↳ hoist
we can write

equation for infinitesimal everything

elements is made up of
small
continuous repetition
of infinitesimal
elements .
Therefore ,
 add information
continuously
we need to

all elements
of
.

Continuous
-
:
integration =

addition .

# Differentiation (or Derivative)

¥ Ya → Curve

y=f(n)
A ( Uz / Ya )
Y - -
-

;
-
-
- - - - - - - - - -
-

"
q
'

by = Yz Y -

"

Y - - - - - - -
B

÷ -
t -
Q - - -
- -
i.
L
,
Rz NI
'

DR
-- -

. i

"
,

" " "

"
"
; i. su

- - - -
-
Ni
- - - -
- - - - -
R2 -
→
Slope of chord AB =

!n =

LIN
total change in L
tano =
Azn =

w - r -
t - total
in a
change
08

rate of
Average
'
n'
' '

y w.at -
At infinitesimally small change in
y w s t n
- - -

( Mid )
n
't Atb
y=ftn )

→
tangent
to curve

at B

dy↓ point
B
= : =

yf ) ✗
i:
ii. >
x
s ←
N dn
 lim by ᵈt
slope of tangent
=
=
☐ n→◦ In In
08

at
Slope of
curve
y
point B instantaneous rate
of
t
' '
' '

change y
w.ir - -
n

08
' '

of t
' '
n
Derivative y
w .
r -
-

08

Differentiation
#
formulae of Differentiation

constant
1) y = C →

eg ; y= 2

°
9=-3
Y = c. (a)
D= it etc . -

dan (g) =
ddn (c) = 0

nF
y =L

>
a
 "
real number )
2)
Y = x ( n=
any

ᵈ!=dz( " '

7 = na

"
y= flu )

(Y -1dg )= @ + dn↑
"

Italy ) = a
"

( it %-)
 a¥
:

Fe
_

< <
4

Binomial theorem
i. use

( ( ( %)]
"
Y +
dy ) = n it n

✗
"

☒ dy =
+ nun .
du
 "

nun du
dy =
-

'

nun
-

dy =

In

velocity
-
: t v
%
→
v=

-
t → time

instantaneous "

(E) =2t
:

__d¥
.

acceleration = a =

2T
=
AE
3) if y =
Cnn ( →

'
constant

- es ,
y = - 2h2

air
dye =

Cfn "" y =

-1 etc .
. _

= C nun

a) if y =
u±v
& U =
f- a) & ✓ =

gin )

:
date =

dance -1-1--1=(4+-1,4)
Find
data = fkn ) y= fix )

1) y=n2 & also find slope of

curve at 2=2
 "2

2) Y =

¥ ✗

3) Y =
Én

a) y= he
5)
y = ra -

ta

6) y = 2×2+3×3

¥ ( ) N2 parabola
l
y =
→
 dug =
dan (d) = 2k = slope

&
at

slope /n=z= ᵈd% / n -2

-
= 212 ) =
4

AT

(2) y=n
 ( )
"

off ¥ §
n
=

± - '
±
a-
=

¥ £ ✗ =

¥
=

2¥ =

2¥ AT
 "-
3) Y =
¥ = Ñ

± -1

2) a-
±
"
( a-
data
-

zé
=
-

ly
As
4) Y =
¥ = a-
'
 " "

C- 1) ñ
data )
( n =
=

= -

¥ AE
5)
y =
rn
Tu
-

te
Tu

and fi )
"

( ta ) ñ
"
dis ra - = -

In
 )
ddncñ
"

= ( x
"
) -

± ± '

a-
-

"

=
± a -

f ;)
ѱ
=

2¥ +
£ At
6) y =
2h2 -1 3×3
In Tsv

%h= (2×2)-1 and (3×3)

= 4×2-1 +
9×3-1

AES
2

= 4kt 9N
E) if y =
U -
V & u =
fin )
gla )
-
v =

rule
product

¥n=uᵈ¥+vᵈ÷
( x-D
( )
'

es ,
y= re

IT
 ( n 3)
4¥ = 23
and ( n 1)
-

+ ( a- 1) day
=
✗
3
(1-0) + ( x -

1) ( bi )
3
3h2 ( 1)
n
Azs
-

= ✗ +

A¥ate 3
( 1)
"
M3
y ✗ n x
-

=
=
-

ddFn = ( NY _

¥ ( Ks ) = 4ns -
3×2
¥ if y % fin)
& u=
=

v
-
=
g (a)

Quoténtruk
do
In •
- u
In
d÷n =

v2

↳ learn it

es ; y =
÷? !
 ¥1M ¥ ( ra )
-

n
ʳ
-

date =

± -

±
-

rñ Cnn ) -
x a

data =

n AE
E) if
y = Un & u =
f- (a)
real
I no
-

n =

Composite function
at site function)
( function

chainring

:÷=% ×C÷ )
 TE

( )
( %-)
"

¥ nun
÷
=

¥
y =

@÷yˢ
 3- '

date = 3 @ 1)
2-
adn ( x2 1)
-

=
3h45 / f. HEY -

fan]

=3 ( u=Ñ
( 2aᵈd% -

]
°
=[ 362-15 ] [ an -

☐ data

÷ :
-

date
=
362-15124 Ay
y= @ +
¥5 rind
:&

y=÷-
rind
ᵈa÷
E) y=s

Cosa
date ( )
Sinn =

9=1 Y = Cosa

add-in -
Sinn
E) y = tank
-
"

tann
Sinn
y
=
=

cos K

T
use
quotient rule & on
solving
dy
dz
=
ddn ( tann) = seen
E) y= cotn

2k
coth)
cosec
(
-
=

Quotient rule
solve
by
¥
"
 ?
data = C- 1) @ snj ( com ) .

d÷u

¥ ( l)
Sinn
= -

C- )
,

tank
( seen ) = seen .
¥) Y=cos
Cosecx Cotze
( co seen ) =
.
-

E) y= since ) a- flu )
-

use chain rule

 ¥ .
=
÷u .

÷
-
:
date =
ddnfsinu ] =

¥ u
( sine ) .

date

DI =
( cos u ) -

date
du
¥ y = sin (xD .
rind
data