JJI Workshop Book

Welcome remarks
Good afternoon. Honorable Guests, Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to a beautiful island Jeju. And welcome to the ‘Joined-up

Jeju: Integrating and Optimizing for a Sustainable Future’
workshop. Thank you all for joining us today.
Thanks to cohosts, Jeju National University, the National Center of

Excellence in Software, and the Jeju Industry-University
Convergence Center, together with Jeju Research Institute, for their
help in organizing this workshop.
The smart city concept is not new anymore. Over the past several
years, smart cities have been largely discussed in many different
fields. However, there is no agreement on a unifying definition up
until now. The discussion has stayed in each field. Due to this,
formulating the coherent strategy and objectives to achieve the
smart city goal is challenging.
In recent years, diverse research on smart cities has been
conducted. Similarly, there are many smart city applications and
initiatives around the world. However, they are not interrelated and
integrated. They are implemented individually. This results in the
lack of the interest of key stakeholders.
In this regard, this workshop will provide interested individuals and

organizations with an opportunity to share overall and specific
views on smart cities. In addition, the participants will have an
opportunity to find combining insights from ongoing smart city,
smart tourism, and smart transportation research and projects
around the world.
Surely, cities will become smarter with emerging information and

communications technology. No one will deny. Soon, achieving a
more equitable, accountable, and sustainable smartness will be
largely important. This workshop will also discuss these issues,
together with concepts on smart cities as well as the research and
projects.
Finally many thanks to all distinguished speakers and moderators

for their contribution to this workshop. I believe that all workshop
participants will enjoy the workshop.
Thank you.
Professor Kim Dongjun,
President of Jeju Research Institute

Welcome remarks
Hello Ladies and gentlemen,

The heat wave has begun.
I hope all of you take care of your health and will be able to
make progress in everything.
A more affluent society and a better society is a future goal that

we all aim for. To this end, we are trying to maximize and utilize
our current assets. In the process, there are side effects caused
by excessive development. Therefore, sustainable development
strategies that can be used in future generations are required. As
a way to ensure sustainable development of the city, 'smartness' is
being proposed. In today's workshop, we expect to see various
discussions on such topics.
In Jeju, the primary industry, which is the core business of the

economy, and tourism service industry are attempting to
incorporate new technologies of the fourth industrial revolution
such as Big Data, IoT, and block chain. In the face of a
hyper-connected society where everything is connected, Jeju needs
continuous efforts to foster new industries that will lead the era of
the fourth industrial revolution through the fusion of existing
industries and high-tech technologies to create an ecosystem of
smart cities.
We wish today’s workshop will serve as a venue for intense

discussions on the sustainability of smart Jeju.
Today, overseas scholars from Australia, Ireland, Japan and many
more came to participate.
Thank you for your participation.
We look forward to a cooperative plan that will enable us to
realize our common agenda through integration and optimization.
We would like to express our gratitude to officials and participants
of Jeju National University, Jeju Free International City Development
Center, and Jeju Research Institute for the event.
Thank you.
Professor Nam Ho Lee,

President of Jeju Industry-University Convergence Center
Presenter Introduction
Brian Donnellan
Professor Brian Donnellan is Vice President of Engagement and

Innovation at Maynooth University, Ireland and is Professor of
Management Information Systems. He is also Chairman of the All
Ireland Smart Cities Forum. He researches and develops frameworks
and methods deliver IT enabled innovation whilst validating that these
frameworks/tools have a broad applicability across differing industries
and contexts. Prior to becoming an academic he spent 20 years
working in the ICT industry.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ronan G. Reilly
Dean of International & Graduate Studies
Maynooth University
Ronan Reilly is Professor of Computer Science and Dean of
- 1 -
International and Graduate Studies at Maynooth University. He earned
his primary and PhD degrees in the fields of psychology and computer
science at University College Dublin and was a post-doctoral fellow in
the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
Prior to being appointed as professor at Maynooth University, Professor
Reilly was a lecturer in computer science at University College Dublin.
During his career, he has had a number of visiting professorships at
various universities, including the University of Potsdam, Germany and
the University of Wollongong in Dubai. He currently has an adjunct
professorial appointment at Western Sydney University in Australia.
Professor Reilly’s research interests are primarily in the areas of
cognitive science and artificial intelligence. Since his PhD he has been
interested in studying language understanding and reading. His
background in both psychology and computer science has allowed him
to exploit computational modelling as a tool for theory development.
In terms of specific activities, his research has ranged from work in
computational linguistics, computational neuroscience, eye movement
modelling, language processing, EEG and eye movement co-registration,
and reading in a range of languages (Irish, English, Thai, Chinese,
Vietnamese) and writing systems (alphabetic, character, and braille). He
has carried out reading studies in Thailand (Chulalongkorn University),
China (Tianjin Normal University), and the USA (Florida State University,
Tallahassee).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2 -
Sanghoon, Son
Dr. Son is a research scientist at Jeju Research Institute in Jeju

Province, Korea, analyzing transportation plans and evaluating
transportation policies. He received his Ph.D. degree in
Transportation Engineering from Old Dominion University, Virginia,
USA, in 2013, and his M.S. and B.S. degrees from Ajou University,
Korea, in 2006 and 2004, respectively. His research interests are
travel and activity behavior, travel survey methods, transit-oriented
development, electric vehicle, computational statistics, and
econometrics.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chaeyoung, Lim
Hanyang University, 2014; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2016
Information Systems, B.S; Industrial Engineering and Management, M.E.
Chaeyoung Lim is a Ph.D. candidate and Researcher in Information

Systems. His research interest is in how a city can systematically
- 3 -
manage its ecosystem toward success of smart and sustainable tourism.
Before commencing his graduate studies at the Tokyo Institute of
Technology, Chaeyoung worked at multiple ICT projects at Samsung
SDS as well as his founded tourism-oriented startup, FridayNoons in
S.Korea. After moving to Tokyo, Chaeyoung also work with open
innovation platform, IngDan Japan, as technical supervisor, contributing
by designing ICT system for sustainable open innovation among
Chinese, Korean and Japanese firms.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gavin Macarthur
Macarthur, Gavin, PhD (Anthropology).

MAYNOOTH UNIVERSITY (BA, MA), 1999; UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER,
2009
Gavin Macarthur is a researcher with a background in university
teaching (Ireland) and fieldwork-based research of the culture and
politics of the islands of Zanzibar, Tanzania. He also spent time
working under contract as a health, safety, security and environmental
research consultant, in the fields of mineral extraction, energy
production and logistics. In recent years, Gavin has assisted a local
cooperative to set up and operate an innovative outdoor activity-based
venture, combining community health, environmental and ‘smart island’
objectives in pursuit of a sustainable tourism goal.
- 4 -
This Joined-up Jeju workshop is the result of Gavin’s further
collaborations with colleagues in academia and management in Ireland,
South Korea, Japan and Australia. The proceedings of this workshop
will form the basis of the Joined-up Jeju Initiative’, giving interested
individuals and organizations an opportunity to formulate the joined-up
strategy and objectives required to maximize Jeju’s capacity for a
sustainable future.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Akemi Takeoka Chatifield
M.B.A. and Ph.D. in Business Administration (MIS & Management

Sciences summa cum laude) from Texas Tech University in the
U.S. Dr. Chatﬁeld is director, E-Government & E-Governance
Research Group at the Centre for Big Data Analytics and Intelligent
Systems and senior lecturer in Information Technology with the
School of Computing and Information Technology within the
Faculty of
Engineering and Information Sciences at University of Wollongong

in Australia. Her research interests include networked
organizations, network technology beneﬁts realization, social media
and government, social network analysis, big data analytics, and
- 5 -
open data policy. She published in Journal of Management
Information Systems, European Journal of Information Systems,
Journal of Information Systems Frontier, Communications of the
ACM, Data Base, Information Technology for Development,
International Journal of Electronic Governance, Electronic Journal
of E-Government, International Journal of Public Administration in
the Digital Age, Government Information Quarterly, Information
Polity, Social Sciences Computer Review, and Journal of Homeland
Security and Emergency Management. Dr. Chatfield serves the
Government Information Quarterly (GIQ) Editorial Board. GIQ is a
Q1 journal with impact factor of 5.111.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seungtaeck, Lee
Chief of Cultural City Community CUCI
주 소 : 제주도 서귀포시 동문로 25 (3층)

전화 번호 : 010-9319-9469
E - mail : nalara@hanmail.net
현, 제주특별자치도 정책자문위원(도시계획, 도시재생, 건축분야)

현, 국회 도시재생전략포럼 이사 및 청년스타트업위원회 위원장
현, 문화도시공동체 쿠키 대표
전, 제주특별자치도 도시재생지원센터 센터장
전, 제주특별자치도 정책보좌관
전, 제주대, 건국대, 안양과학대학, 인천전문대학 등 다수 강의
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 6 -
7/18/2019
Prof. Brian Donnellan
JeJu July 2019
Agenda
National
City/Region
District/
Community
Individual
1
7/18/2019
Ireland: National Growth Drivers to 2040

• Around 1 million additional people
• 660,000 additional jobs, 550,000 extra homes
• High, but falling birth rate, ageing population,

sustained net in-migration
• €116 Billion Capital Investment in National

Development Plan
Rialtas na hÉireann | Government of Ireland
Project Ireland 2040
• National Planning Framework and National Development Plan
• Aligned, Long-Term
Frameworks
• Aim is sustainable growth and

to change development patterns over time
2
7/18/2019
NPF ‘Core’ Strategy

• ‘50:50’ growth target between (a)
Eastern & Midlands and (b) Southern
and Northern and Western Regions
• At least 50% growth target for 5 cities;

5 regional/cross-border ‘leads’
• Package of measures for investment

in/planning for rural regeneration
• Planning and investment working

together in a coherent Strategy
Strategic Outcomes
• Compact Growth
• Enhanced Regional Accessibility
• Strengthened Rural Economies and
Communities
• Sustainable Mobility
• A Strong Economy, supported by
Enterprise, Innovation and Skills
• High-Quality International Connectivity
• Enhanced Amenity and Heritage
• Transition to a Low-Carbon and Climate-
Resilient Society
• Sustainable Management of Water and
other Environmental Resources
• Access to Quality Childcare, Education and
Health Services
3
7/18/2019
Reflections: National Level
More than just technological innovation and job creation:

a web of interdependent socio-cultural-economic issues….
Human capital Governance

Social cohesion Technology
Economy Planning
Environment
Mobility/transportation
Agenda
National
City/Region
District/
Community
Individual
4
7/18/2019
@Smart_Limerick
City/Region Eco-System
5
7/18/2019
City / Region Capability Maturity Framework

Digital Access & Building Ubiquitous Leveraging Urban Fostering Digital City Impact
Maturity Levels Digital City Governance
Skills Proficiency City Network Data Services Capability Realisation
5. Carbon negative city,

Industry, Academia, Bottom-up entrepreneurship
Optimising Digital savvy pervasiveness & Ubiquitous high-speed, autonomation of city Shared governance across
Municipalities/Gov & Citizens & open-innovation digital city
(Transformative Digital City creativeness secure & intelligent networks operations, triple bottom line municipalities & citizens
sharing trusted data services
Platform) value
4. Pervasive citizen
Personalised & integrated Autonomous network QoS Mega data-pattern Pockets of citizen Carbon neutral
Advanced participation, cross-
digital access, digital skills and QoE self-healing processing, crowd-sourcing prosumerism driving service City, predictive city
(Proactive Digital City department digital city
proficiency > 90% intelligence initiatives innovation operations management
Platform) management positions
Integrated city-wide digital

3. Intermed-iate Quadruple-helix initiatives Near real-time network City data platform, data Managed use of city
services platform, Centralised digital city vision,
(Progressive Digital City for integrated digital sense & respond mash-ups from diverse resources, informed city
citizen feedback loops policies & resourcing
Platform) education & access management sources operations management
present
2. Varying levels of
Data policies for regulatory, Pockets of digital city services Carbon-rich behaviours Decentralised city
Basic Discrete digital skills & access instrumentation,
privacy, security & sharing, innovation, limited citizen changing, partial monitor & involvement, some cross-
initiatives connectivity & field data
(Developing Digital City
Platform) 2.3 capture
2.5 2.6
small scale data integration engagement 2.7 2.3
control city operations 2.5
department collaboration
1.
Ad Hoc Manual detection, response Proprietary, no data Independent city service Unfettered city operations Little engagement, no
Limited expertise and access
(Unmanaged Digital City & recovery across network(s) integration strategies driving carbon-rich use interest in digital city
Platform)
Reflections: City / Region Level
CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT
An inclusive approach to participatory service co-design and co-creation
FINANCE and BUSINESS MODELS

Partnerships with the private sector are required but difficult to manage
It us hard with existing data to create a strong value case for some investments
Too great a focus on short term benefits rather than longer term sustainability
Many technologies or systems lack a credible business model to sustain them
PEOPLE AND POLITICS

Being the first movers to test new technologies can be too much risk for politicians
Departments or employees resist implementation of disruptive systems
Progress is slowed by elections or other political cycle challenges
Some solutions require multiple departments to align
6
7/18/2019
Agenda
National
City/Region
District/
Community
Individual
Dublin Docklands
14
7
7/18/2019
Lessons Learned: District/Community Level
Attributes of Successful Communities

Citizens “electively belong” to their communities and feel attached to where they live
They derive sustenance from close relations with others
Relatively modest but not negligible levels of social and civic participation.
Problems arise when

Unfettered growth undermines sense of place
Demographic homogeneity marginalises those at different family stages, reinforces
gender roles and creates an us/them dynamic
Communities lack a sense of control over the direction of change
Source: Mary Corcoran (MU)
8
7/18/2019
Agenda
National
Regional
City/District
Individual
Individual Concerns
- Growing distrust of technology companies

- Concerns over personal data privacy
- Digital divide
- Discrimination and exclusion
9
7/18/2019
Summary / Conclusions
• National
• A web of interdependent socio-cultural-economic outcomes
• City/Regional
• Citizen Engagement, Finance/Business Model, People And Politics
• District/Community
• Unfettered Growth, Demographic Homogeneity, Sense of Control
• Individual
• Distrust of Tech, Data privacy, Digital divide, Discrimination and exclusion
Always ask “what problem are we trying to solve?”......many solutions are not technical !
Maynooth University
brian.donnellan@mu.ie
10
19/07/2019
Smart Cities, Big Data, & Machine

Learning Bias: A Perfect Storm?
Ronan G. Reilly
Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Ireland
ronan.reilly@mu.ie
Joined-up Jeju - 19 July 2019
Overview
• Elements of a smart city/region
– People
– Data
– Algorithms
• Risks
– Low levels of engagement & exclusion
– Poor data quality
– Algorithmic bias, especially in machine learning (ML)
• Possible remedies
– Greater public awareness and education
– More research on learning from less data
– Explanatory transparency for algorithmic decisions
Department of Computer Science

2
Joined-Up Jeju - 19 July, 2019
1
19/07/2019
Smart elements
• People
– Who are the people served by “smart”?
• “…what if the smart city vision actually means that governance becomes ever
more passive, as it outsources operations to algorithms or is side-stepped by
social media, whilst citizens also become passive in response to their
infrastructure becoming active?” Hill (2013)
• “If we measure the performance of a city through data, we potentially exclude
vast portions of its population from those metrics due to biases that the
algorithms picked up from datasets or overfitting. This creates a tendency for
such intelligent algorithms to generalise the bias in future predictions,
responses, and policy-making instead of providing equitable and non-biased
solutions. ” Suzuki (2018)
– Who are the people who build and control “smart”?
• Recent studies found only 18% of authors at leading artificial intelligence (AI)
conferences are women
• More than 80% of AI professors are men
• In the AI industry women comprise only 15% of AI research staff at Facebook
and 10% at Google.

3
Joined-Up - Jeju 19 July, 2019
Smart elements
• Data
– Very large quantities of data are key to success of many
algorithms
– However, there’s insufficient data for many important
problems (e.g., problems with infrequent or sparse
exemplars).
– Representativeness of training data is crucial
– Absence of the data’s causal context limits usefulness (e.g.,
Google Flu trends, Chinese jaywalking system)

4
2
19/07/2019
Jaywalking detection: Ningbo
1 2
3 4

5
Joined-Up Jeju - 19 July, 2019
AI systems need
commonsense
reasoning ability
• Knowledge of how
the world works
• Essential if we are
to develop general
purpose systems
• Some progress but
area remains
significantly under-
researched
3
19/07/2019
Smart elements
• Algorithms
– “People worry that computers will get too smart and take
over the world, but the real problem is that they're too
stupid and they've already taken over the world.”
Pedro Domingos

7
Algorithms
Deep learning & big data
• Scaled-up and speeded-up neural network learning

algorithms
• Significant amounts of training data now available for a
range of applications
• … but significant shortage of labelled training data for
many of the more interesting problems in ML
4
19/07/2019
Machine learning algorithm

car bicycle
Error t(j)
(E) y(j)
weight change rule
¶E
Dwji = - h
¶wji
w(j,i)
Error
negative positive
y(i) slope slope
Weight
image
A machine learning example
Trained using variations of backpropagation algorithm
5
19/07/2019
Machine learning bias

• Amazon discovered that its internal recruiting
selection algorithm was dismissing female
candidates.
Because it was trained on historical hiring

decisions, which favoured men over women, it
learned to do the same.

11
From Angwin et al. (2016)
Machine
learning bias
• A risk assessment
algorithm widely used in
the US justice system
flagged black defendants
as future criminals,
wrongly labelling them
this way at almost twice
the rate as white
defendants.
• White defendants were
mislabelled as low risk
more often than black
defendants.
• The software company
refused to reveal details of
the algorithm, claiming it
was proprietary

12
6
19/07/2019
Machine learning bias

From Goodman and Flaxman (2016)
• A hypothetical loan
approval algorithm
• White and non-white
population are equally
likely to repay
• The loan approval
algorithm is risk averse
and only approves if
highly confident in its
prediction
• But, statistically, the
smaller the sub-
population, the lower
the confidence for
that sub-population

13
Algorithmic accountability
• “In insulating algorithms and their creators from public
scrutiny, rather than responding to civic concerns about bias
and discrimination, the existing system propagates the myth
that those algorithms are objective and fair. There’s no reason
to believe either.” Cathy O’Neil

14
7
19/07/2019
Recommendations
• Remedying bias in AI systems is almost impossible when these
systems are opaque. Transparency is essential, and begins with
tracking and publicising where AI systems are used, and for what
purpose.
• Rigorous testing should be required across the lifecycle of AI
systems in sensitive domains. Pre-release trials, independent
auditing, and ongoing monitoring are necessary to test for bias,
discrimination, and other harms.
• The field of research on bias and fairness needs to go beyond
technical debiasing to include a wider social analysis of how AI is
used in context. This necessitates including a wider range of
disciplinary expertise.
• The methods for addressing bias and discrimination in AI need to
expand to include assessments of whether certain systems should
be designed at all, based on a thorough risk assessment.

15
References
Angwin et al. (2016)
https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing
Domingos (2015)
https://www.amazon.com/Master-Algorithm-Ultimate-Learning-Machine/dp/1501299387
Goodman & Flaxman (2016)

https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08813
Hill (2013)
https://medium.com/butwhatwasthequestion/on-the-smart-city-or-a-manifesto-for-smart-citizens-
instead-7e0c6425f909
O’Neill (2016)
https://www.amazon.com/Weapons-Math-Destruction-Increases-Inequality/dp/0553418815
Suzuki (2018)
http://www.smartcityresearch.com/2018/11/machine-learning-and-ai-ensuring.html

16
8
Joined-up Jeju Workshop
Conventional Transportation problems are
Congestion Parking Accident
Recent increase in population and vehicles

692,032
567,913
383,659
Population Vehicle
(+22%) 241,651 (+58%)
2009 2018 2009 2018

2
The problems are more complex in Jeju
People (+ Freight)
Residents
Tourists (15M/year)
Vehicle
Passengers car
Truck Transportation Regional
Bus
Taxi System Development
Rental car (30,000+)
Electric vehicle (16,000+)
Infrastructure
Roadway
(+ Airport & Seaport)
Parking space
EV Chargers
3
People (+ Freight)
Residents
Tourists (15M/year)
Vehicle
Passengers car
Truck
Bus
Taxi Increasing tourists
21.1%
Infrastructure Overnight
tourists Travel behavior
Roadway are different.
78.9 %
Residents
Parking space
EV Chargers
4
People (+ Freight)
Residents
Tourists (15M/year)
Vehicle
Passengers car
Truck
Bus
Taxi Rental car
Infrastructure
Roadway
Parking space Electric vehicle
EV Chargers
5
Recently implemented policies in Jeju
2017.8 Public transportation system reform

Largely changed bus operation (bus route and timetable )
2018.9 Rental car quantity control
Will reduce 7,000 rental cars, restricting to 25,000.
2019.7 Vehicle and garage joint registration (expansion)

Require garage for auto ownership
6
Smart Transportation can be a solution
Smart Smart Smart

Transportation
Cities Mobility
A smart sustainable city (SSC) is an innovative city that uses information and
communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve quality of life,
efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring
that it meets the needs of present and future generations with respect to
economic, social and environmental aspects (International Telecommunication
Union, 2014)
7
Smart Transportation can be a solution
Smart Smart Smart

Transportation
Cities Mobility
Smart mobility systems and services have the promise to contribute to the
needed decarbonisation of the transport sector and might also help address
persistent problems of congestion and accessibility (EU, 2006)
Smart mobility is a paradigm shift to a more flexible and

multi-modal transport system to a multi-modal system with high
flexibility and convenience. (Siemens, 2015) 8
Smart Transportation infrastructure-ITS
Sensor Data
Vehicle Detect
Sensor Plate number
Spot Speed
Automatic Time to pass
Vehicle
Identification
Smart Transportation infrastructure-BIS
Smartphone app, Internet, bus information terminal
Sensor Data
Plate number
GPS Spot Speed
Time to pass
10
Improve bus route and timetable constantly
Public Transportation Reform in Aug 1, 2017
- Bus Priority Lanes

- Express Buses from Airport
Faster - Trunk+ Branch Bus Lines (+Feeder Line)
- Multimodal Transit Center+ Station
- Shorter Headway with Expanding Bus Fleet
More - Wider Bus Service Coverage with More Lines

convenient - More Friendly Customer Service by Drivers
- New Bus Design and Route Number System
- Uniform Bus Fare (1,200 KWR, )
not for express bus
Cheaper
- Longer Duration for Free Transfer (40 mins, 2 times)
11
New route
Mobile phone Bus Route

Trajectory 1. Find locations Data
Data (places) where a
lot of signals If no bus route Develop
new
2. Find a pair of origin and route
destination with many trips
Taxi
Operation 3. Find a pair of origin and
Data destination with frequent trips
(in passengers)
(Taxi Information Management System)
12
Present route
Transportation
Card
Data 1. Find a pair of origin and Adjust
destination with many trips, present
(Smart Card System) and see if used route is fastest route
Bus
Operation
Data 2. Find a route that does not Adjust
follow timetable set in the past present
(Bus Information System)
timetable
13
Rental car quantity management & enforcement
• 80% of, visitors

, use a rental car (2018)
• Daily distance to drive is 113km (2015)
14
Rental car quantity management & enforcement
Rental car
Web Crawling
Data
1. Monitor the cost of renting a car Adjust
2. Monitor the number of rental car rental car
Automatic on the road quantity
Vehicle
Identification
Data
(Intelligent Transportation Systems)
3. Check if a rental car is locally Enforce

Vehicle registered rental car
Registration law
Data
(Vehicle Management System)
15
Find individual level spot with no garage
(photo credit: http://yskh03241110.tistory.com/849 )
16
17
Garage
Building Registration
System
Data
Provide options
for individuals
Select one
immediately
Public Parking Private building, find
Information Parking any possible
System Information option for
Data System garage
Data registration
18
Install EV chargers responding to queue
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019.5

BEV 674 2,369 5,613 9,258 15,480 16,627
High-speed (Lv3) 79 106 163 537 724 951
Low-speed (Lv2) 913 2,382 3,837 6,735 10,367 11,010
Total 992 2,488 4,000 7,272 11,091 11,961
19
Waiting for using

fast charger
% %
No wait mins mins mins +mins
yesterday The day before yesterday
20
EV Chargers
Electricity
consumption
Data
Provide a list of
Select chargers with more locations urgently
electricity consumption or more needed new or
Charger
consumers, comparing to others additional
location
charges
and type
data
21
Smart Transportation in the future
Smart cities Smart mobility
Smart
Personal mobility Platform Taxi
Transportation
MaaS(Mobility as a service)
22
Thank you
23
J T O
V
Type to enter a caption

Jeju Tourism Organization Business Vision
A K F
Total Visitors to Jeju (2014):
43.9 percent (China)

15.8 percent (Japan)
5.5 percent (US)
4.6 percent (Taiwan)
4 percent (Hong Kong)
Commenting on this topic at the Inter-Islands Tourism Policy Forum

(ITOP) in Jeju in October 2015, the chairman of the Pacific Asia Travel
Association (PATA) Mario Hardy observed that Jeju’s tourism industry
must look beyond China to other outbound markets. Hardy also noted
that future touristic development needs to be properly planned and
managed by the municipality in consultation with island residents:
“Tourism cannot be developed in isolation - it requires well-coordinated
efforts between all parties affected by tourism development.”
http://www.jejuweekly.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=4932
Individual part package and package Korean

Foreigners by Country
C THAAD T C
Korean
Foreigner China
Total
Dr. Ross Dowling, professor of tourism at Edith Cowan University (Australia):

Senior Advisor to UNESCO and the Global Geopark Network
Tourist visits to Jeju up from 5 million in 2005 to 12 million in 2014
Mass tourism is unsustainable, creating difficulties for Jeju residents and causing extensive
damage to the cultural, geophysical and environmental features (UNESCO ‘triple crown’ of
Biosphere Reserve, World Natural Heritage, and Global Geopark statuses).
Dowling suggests that tourism in Jeju must abandon outmoded quantitative growth models in
favour of a sustainable model, providing more valuable and meaningful experiences for smaller
groups of higher-spending tourists.
If the fundamental principles of sustainable development are environmental friendliness,

connectivity with, and economic benefit for, the local community, then profit per person must be
the government’s statistical focus, and policy must combat the danger of multinational
corporations repatriating profits.
Jeju can either continue to focus on an unstable source of profit, and neglect conservation
principles associated with its UNESCO status, or it can begin to develop along a sustainable
model, in which success would be measured in tangible benefits to the environment and local
community, with fewer tourists yielding proportionately better returns.
http://www.jejuweekly.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=4944
H N M T
Consortium Key Players
Dr Akemi Takeoka Chatfield:
Smart cities are ‘‘territories with a high capacity for learning and innovation, which is
built into the creativity of their population, their institutions of knowledge production, and
their digital infrastructure for communication.’’
What else is required?
(1)green technology platforms, such as smart grids, smart micro-grids, smart meters,
home energy management systems (HEMS), and mega solar systems, which are
different from ‘‘digital infrastructure for communication’’
(2)adaptive and intelligent stakeholders — governments, businesses, and citizens
Together, these stakeholders engage with each other to increase capacity for learning,
innovation and creative problem-solving, in the form of localized bottom-up
intervention policy implementations.
Shared Vision and Joined-up Action

7/19/19
Smart City Implementation through Shared Vision of

Social Innovation for Environmental Sustainability: A
Case Study of Kitakyushu, Japan
Akemi Takeoka Chatfield, MBA, PhD

Director, E-Government & E-Governance Research Group
Centre for Big Data Analytics and Intelligent Systems
School of Computing and Information Technology
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences
University of Wollongong
Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
akemi@uow.edu.au
Cite: Chatfield, A.T. & Reddick, C.G. 2016. Smart City Implementation through Shared Vision of Social
Innovation for Environmental Sustainability: A Case Study of Kitakyushu, Japan. Social Science Computer
Review, 34(6), 757-773.
1 st International Workshop on Joined-up Jeju: Integrating and Optimizing for a Sustainable

Future
July 19, 2019
Wollongong City, NSW, Australia
Wollongong Harbour
1
7/19/19
Kitakyushu City, Japan
What Makes a City “Smart”?
• Definitional confusion in the literature and

among so called smart cities
• A smart city refers to “territories with a high
capacity for learning and innovation, which is
built in to the creativity of their population,
their institutions of knowledge production,
and their digital infrastructure for
communication” (Holland 2008, p.306).
2
7/19/19
Other Key Concepts

• Implementation of a smart city concept = the process of putting a
decision/plan into effect; executing a decision/plan timely and
decisively to achieve one’s teleological goals (i.e., solving the
problem and realizing desired outcomes and impacts)
• Shared vision (across multi-stakeholders with conflicting interests
and goals) = “a shared system sense in defining overall outcomes
and having guidelines for shaping strategies” (Senge et al. 2009, p.
45)
• Social innovation = a driver of social change, including new
transformation strategy for the public sector, given the social
challenges and budget austerity, since social issues need
government intervention (Voorberg et al. 2015); the new idea
having the potential to improve either the quality or the quantity of
life (Pol & Ville 2009), and resulting in social value co-creation
through the knowledge owned by the local organizations and
people (Nonaka et al. 2014)
Joined-Up
• The term, joined-up, in the context of a joined-up
government, refers to “the “consistency between
the organizational arrangements of programs,
policies, or agencies, which may enable them to
collaborate” (Perri 6, 2004, p. 106)
• So, the term in the context of Jeju smart tourism
may also refer to consistency in governance
structures and relationships which may enable
collaboration across multi-stakeholders.
3
7/19/19
4 Government Certified Smart Cities
Kitakyushu Smart City Project

• Goals
– National government: To develop smart grid as a new industry for
stimulating economic development
– Kitakyushu city: To achieve the above goal and to develop new systems
for implementing a smart city that facilitates transport systems, life style
change, quality of life, and social problem solutions
• Governance structure
– Kitakyushu smart city steering committee (77 organizations/groups)
• Proof-of-concept duration & scope
– 2010/2014 (5 years)
– 26 industry firms & 120 (USD 111,384,000.00)
• Higashida district size
– 120 ha
– 1000 households
– 6,000 employees
– 10,000,000 visitors per year
4
7/19/19
Kitakyushu Smart City

Design Concepts Drivers
• Demand-side self • Global warming
management
• Participatory citizen
intervention strategy
engagement • Low carbon society
• Co-existence of manufacturing • Environmental sustainability
plants and town
• Behavioral change in energy
consumption through big data
visualization
• Demand-side self
management
• Social systems that take -
citizens’ life styles into account
Tangible Results
• CO2 emission from 23,000 in 2005 (city wide) down
to 11,155 (Higashida) in 2014
– Significant 51.5% reduction (across households and businesses)
• Dynamic pricing modelling impacts during
the peak demand times
– Households 20% reduction through data
visualization
– Households 88.3% reduction through EMS
– Business 0.6% and 8.8% reduction through data
visualization and EMS, respectively
5
7/19/19
Lessons Learned
• Goal of transforming Higashida (a steel manufacturing district)
into a “smart city” with environmentally sustainable future
• Extant leadership networks
– 26 industries
– Kitakyushu city government/Environment Bureau (
– Citizens' groups & associations

• Seed funding from Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
• Cross-sector collaboration to develop shared vision
– “Shared vision across leadership networks matters for effective smart
city implementation” (City government; IBM Japan; Toyota; FujiTech)
– Smart city implementation requires large-scale systemic change
– The nature of systemic change is radical rather than incremental.
Key Findings
• Most importantly, all the leader network members
interviewed underscored their shared vision of social
innovation: Transforming the Higashida district into a smart
city.
– Nippon Steel’s hydrogen gas as an innovative renewable energy source
– Other renewable energies such as mega solar systems by Fuji Denki
Systems
– Toyota Motor Kyushu’s rechargeable EV and hybrid plug-in vehicles the
smart community have been exploring can help the City of Kitakyushu
reduce its dependence on fossil fuels energy toward building a low-
carbon society
– Kitakyushu city government owned land used for EV charge stations
– They all retold the transformation of the steel city and attributed the
City’s successful smart community project to the history of their close
cross-sector collaboration.
6
7/19/19
Framework for Effective Smart City

Implementation
For Government & Policy Makers

• Smart city implementation is viewed as implementing
collaborative bottom-up intervention public policy for
social innovation.
• Active government leadership characterized by its pro-
innovation orientation (Yoshimura, 2009) plays a key role
in the cross-sector collaboration initiatives to enhance
environmental sustainability.
– Reduce bureaucratic red tapes
– Make it easier for local business owners to innovate and explore new
business models
– Facilitate active forms of citizen engagement in citizen-centric e-
governance of social innovation
– Think win-win in collaborating with large industry firms with significant
resources
7
7/19/19
For Academic Researchers

• Building theory from case study research (Eisenhardt, 1989)
• Relevant extant theories
– Resource dependence theory (Pfeiffer & Salancik, 1978) to understand leadership
networks
– Social embeddedness theory (Uzzi, 1996) to understand cross-sector collaboration
– Citizen-centric e-governance theory on the imperative of empowering ordinary
citizens through the provision of virtual public spheres (i.e., social media in
government) for influencing or even coproducing innovations, away from
traditional supply-side, government-centric governance
• Longitudinal field case study research, involving data collection from
senior policy analysts at Kitakyushu city government (n=11) (phase I) and
members of leadership networks who participated at Smart Community
Summit 2012 (n=19) and IBM Japan at the Higashida district (phase II)
• Smart city site visits
• Document analysis including project charter
• Utility of the framework tested
Moving the Joined-Up Jeju Forward

• Joined-up opportunity for Australian Research Council (ARC)
Linkage external grant funding joint proposal with us/Centre
for Big Data Analytics and Intelligent Systems/UOW
– ARC funds A$50,000-300,000 per annum
– Up to 5 years
– Industry cash and/or in-kind contribution of 25% of the ARC funding
– Due 15 December, 2019 for the 2020 funding round
• Joined-up research collaboration with us/us/Centre for Big

Data Analytics and Intelligent Systems/UOW
– 2016 SSCR research (with Reddick) on Kitakyushu smart city; published
– 2019 GIQ research (with Reddick) on IoT cybersecurity policies at the US federal government: published
– 2019 ICIS paper (with Donnellan and 3 others) on a critical literature review of smart cities; under review
– 2019 SSCR research (with Donnellan & Reddick) on the ethics of AI in government: smart mobility and road
safety through connected autonomous vehicles; extended abstract accepted
– 2019 Information Polity paper (with Donnellan) on Governance and ethics challenges in the platform
economy: A case of ridesharing as-a-service; extended abstract accepted
– Over 70 journal and conference papers published
– 3 papers in the so-called basket of 8 IS journals and 2 more under review
– 10 GIQ papers: GIQ Q1 journal with IF of 5.111 (GIQ Editorial Board Member)
– SciVal Benchmarking database: Field weighted citation = 3.98 (global average = 1.0)
8
7/19/19
Thank You & Questions?
• Any information/questions/suggestions
regarding my presentation/research, please
email me:
akemi@uow.edu.au
9
( )
• -2016 , -2025
•1 - (1,849 )
•2 - (436 )
•
•
•
•
2
1.
• , , 6
• 6 (5 ), (7 ), (2 )
( · · )
1.
4
1.
7
I. 계 개
II. 건
IV. 계 ( )
V. 계
VI. :
계 ( ) 과
I. 계 개
1. 경
2. 계 개
9
1990 1990 ~ 2010 2010
• • •
• / • / •
• / • •
• 2013.12.05 •
- 10 ( 5 )
- 5 •
•
10
• ( )
• ( )
( )
• 3
•
( )
( )
• •
• , •
• •
• Top-Down • Bottom-Up
• •
• •
• •
11
• ( , )
가 • 10 /5
•
계 • 10 ( 5 )
?
• ( )
계
• 5
?
12
• ,
간 1
• : 2016 ~ 2020 1
공간
• : 4 ( 1 , 1 , 2 , )
• : 0.93
•
•
• ( )
•
13
14
III.
1.
2.
16
[ ]
• ,
[ ]
•
• IT
[ ]
•
•
[ ]
•
17
IV. 계 ( )
1. 계 ( )
2. 계 ( )
3. 계
( )
19
20
2016 ~2017
( ) 2017 ~2018
2018 ~2020
1 |
1 |
. .
1 |
. .
1 |

JJI Workshop Book

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

JJI Workshop Book

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Welcome remarks

Good afternoon. Honorable Guests, Ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome to a beautiful island Jeju. And welcome to the ‘Joined-up

Thanks to cohosts, Jeju National University, the National Center of

In this regard, this workshop will provide interested individuals and

Surely, cities will become smarter with emerging information and

Finally many thanks to all distinguished speakers and moderators

Professor Kim Dongjun,

President of Jeju Research Institute

Hello Ladies and gentlemen,

A more affluent society and a better society is a future goal that

In Jeju, the primary industry, which is the core business of the

We wish today’s workshop will serve as a venue for intense

Professor Nam Ho Lee,

Professor Brian Donnellan is Vice President of Engagement and

Dr. Son is a research scientist at Jeju Research Institute in Jeju

Chaeyoung Lim is a Ph.D. candidate and Researcher in Information

Macarthur, Gavin, PhD (Anthropology).

Akemi Takeoka Chatifield

M.B.A. and Ph.D. in Business Administration (MIS & Management

Engineering and Information Sciences at University of Wollongong

주 소 : 제주도 서귀포시 동문로 25 (3층)

현, 제주특별자치도 정책자문위원(도시계획, 도시재생, 건축분야)

Prof. Brian Donnellan

JeJu July 2019

Ireland: National Growth Drivers to 2040

• 660,000 additional jobs, 550,000 extra homes

• High, but falling birth rate, ageing population,

• €116 Billion Capital Investment in National

Project Ireland 2040

• National Planning Framework and National Development Plan

• Aim is sustainable growth and

NPF ‘Core’ Strategy

• At least 50% growth target for 5 cities;

• Package of measures for investment

• Planning and investment working

Reflections: National Level

More than just technological innovation and job creation:

Human capital Governance

City / Region Capability Maturity Framework

5. Carbon negative city,

Integrated city-wide digital

Reflections: City / Region Level

FINANCE and BUSINESS MODELS

PEOPLE AND POLITICS

Lessons Learned: District/Community Level

Attributes of Successful Communities

Problems arise when

Source: Mary Corcoran (MU)

- Growing distrust of technology companies

Smart Cities, Big Data, & Machine

Joined-up Jeju - 19 July 2019

Department of Computer Science

Department of Computer Science

Department of Computer Science

Jaywalking detection: Ningbo

Department of Computer Science

Department of Computer Science

• Scaled-up and speeded-up neural network learning

Machine learning algorithm

A machine learning example

Trained using variations of backpropagation algorithm

Machine learning bias