ECO CRITICISM AND IT’S APPROACHES IN

INDIA.

Ecocriticism and India

Ecocriticism,  Environmental criticism or the Green study is a

rapidly emerging field of literary studies. Simply saying, ecocriticism is
the study of relation between literature and environment. Ecocritics
analyze literary texts which concerns environmental issues and global
ecological crisis. It emerged widely in the early 1990s with the
formation of the Association for the Study of Literature and
Environment (ASLE) at the Western Literary Association (1992),
followed by the launch of the flagship journal ISLE: Interdisciplinary
Studies in Literature and Environment. 

  It is notable that even though Ecocriticism broadly influenced by

western Eco critical studies but, it is deeply rooted in ancient Indian
theories and studies.
Now ecocriticism began in the southern part of India and is spreading
far and wide with deep engagements with the help of OSLE and ASLE
India. The ancient Indian classical texts and upanishads had ecocritical
engagements such as caring for nature, reverence of nature,
nourishment as well as preservation of nature.

Since Vedas, Indian philosophy is rich with natural ideas. Also , from
Himalayas to Kanyakumari, from Bay of Bengal to Arabian sea, India is
well known for its biodiversity. Classics like Ramayana and
Mahabharatha, gave significant roles for natural world as humans. 

Indian Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore's 'Rakta Karabi' and

'Muktadhara' are the best case of ecocritical writings where he decribes
human outrages against nature. His ecocritical lyrics incorporate "The
Tame Bird was in a Cage" (The confined fowl has even overlooked how
to sing) and "I culled you Flower" (The human feel that culling blossoms
is their own right. Nature is certifiably not a quiet onlooker. One day it
will respond. It would not be only a thistle prick yet can be a compelling
torrent. The human should be cautious about this). In Kamala
Markandeya's "Nectar in a Sieve" is portraying nature as both a
preserver and and destroyer of life. It is the story of emergence of
industrialization which ruined the worker's life. "No Room for a
Leopard" of Ruskin Bond is about the exploitation of living things
caused by deforestation. "God of Small Things " of Arundhathi Roy is
notable for its exploration of natural issues. She raised her voice against
the exploitation of nature for the sake of modernization, which is the
main topic of novel.

The deltas of Sundharbans is described as both preserver and

destroyer in "The Hungry Tide" by Amitav Ghosh. The tale dependably
portrays the state supported psychological oppression to expel the
confiscated Bengali Refugees settled at Marichjhapi.In her 'Stolen
Harvest', a decent case of Eco critical content, Bandana Shiva (an Indian
ecological extremist turned ecocritic) criticizes the bio-theft of the west
for the sake of licenses from the poor nations. In this manner, she
shows that colonization doesn't involve the past; it is still particularly
alive. As per her, modern agriculture has not delivered more
nourishment; it has wrecked the different wellsprings of nourishment.
In this way, she gave a neo-colonial measurement to Eco criticism.

In Kiran Desai’s 'The Inheritance of Loss', the writer shows how

Kanchenjunga pays for the severity of human hostility. Eco criticism
here gets a political measurement in the novel when an un-evaluated
misfortune happened because of Nepali insurrection making a great
deal of harm human life, creatures and the tranquil magnificence of
nature.

Eco criticism ensures environmental equity, where human being and

natural world works together. Eco criticism decentres humankind's
significance to each protest of condition. It considers earth as a social
circle and as a single ecosphere.
One of the most prominent writers of Indian English writer, Raja Rao
depicts the South Indian villages and environment in his works, which is
a best example for the correlation between man and nature. The novel
of him "Kanthapura" firms the importance of rivers and mountains in
human life. R.K Narayan of thhe same decade has made a town named,
Malgudy, which came as a character in most of his works. More clearly,
he made the landscape as a character.
 Summing up, the literature plays a pivotal role in expressing the
awareness about the importance of ecosystem in earth to the people.
Man's life and nature is so interlinked and it is impossible for man to
live without nature. Therefore they have no choice other than
accepting its boundaries and adversities.