Date / Week No.

Feb 13-17, 2023

Topic Artificial Intelligence – The Basics
Activity Statement Read the book AI Basics by Tamer Omer. Focus only on Chapter 1. Below is the URL of the
book
➢ https://fliphtml5.com/duymv/sqbf/basic
Write an essay that details your learnings and inferences in Chapter 1 – AI Foundations of the
book AI Basics by Tamer Omer. Identify the different era, concept, etc of AI. Include in your
essay things that are unclear to you in the chapter.
Student’s Name Arabella D. Magallanes
Section ARC212
Submission Due Date 20th Feb 2023
Submission Time 5:00 PM

RUBRIC FOR SELF REFLECTION PAPER / ESSAY

Outcome: Have a good understanding of AI from the perspective of non-IT students. Use only the required reading..
➢ Student will write reflection paper / essay, which is logically organized, have a clear sense of purpose and demonstrate a command of the
practices of effective writing.

BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT EXEMPLARY

CRITERIA SCORE
1 2 3 4
No attempt has Some part of the essay Most part of the essay is Entire essay is related to
been made to is related to the related to the assigned the assigned topic and
Focus on relate the essay to assigned topic, but a topic. The essay wanders allows the reader to
Assigned the assigned topic. reader does not learn off at one point, but the understand much more
Topic much about the topic. reader can still learn about the topic.
something about the
topic.
Little or no Does not go deeply into Relates learning with Shows great depth of
explanation or the reflection of research and project, knowledge and learning,
Reflection of
reflection on learning, personal and general reveals feelings and
Personal
learning, no or few generalizations and reflections included, uses thoughts, abstract ideas
Learning
details to support limited insight, uses concrete languages. reflected through use of
reflection. some detail. specific details.
Many grammatical A few grammatical Almost no grammatical No grammatical spelling or
Mechanics spelling or spelling or punctuation spelling or punctuation punctuation errors.
punctuation errors. errors. errors.
Ideas seem to be The essay is a little hard The essay is pretty well The essay is very well
randomly to follow. Paragraphs organized. One idea may organized. One idea or
Organization arranged. No effort are unclear. The seem out of place. Clear scene follows another in a
at paragraph transitions are transitions are used. logical sequence with clear
organization. sometimes not clear. transitions.
Incomplete and/or The conclusion does The conclusion restates The conclusion is engaging
Conclusion unfocused. not adequately restate the learning. and restates personal
the learning. learning.
Other comments / Observations:
TOTAL SCORE

RATING(%) = (Total Score / 20) x 100

 REFLECTION PAPER- AI BASICS BY TAMER OMER

The book AI Basics by Tamer Omer. It focuses on an overview of Al's rich history, dating back to the 1950s. Alan

Turing, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, and Geoffrey Hinton were among the excellent scholars and computer scientists I

studied about. There will also be treatment of essential concepts such as the Turing Test, which determines if a computer has

attained real Al.

Artificial intelligence is a science and technology that draws on fields such as computer science, biology, psychology,

linguistics, mathematics, and engineering. The development of computer functions associated with human intelligence, such

as thinking, learning, and problem solving, is a key focus of AI.

For this reflection paper, I will focus more on Alan Turing’s era on Artificial Intelligence. As Alan Turing turned his

focus to artificial intelligence, there was arguably no one better prepared for the task. His work 'Computing Machines and

Intelligence' (1950) is still widely cited in the subject. Turing died young, and most of his work was either classified or otherwise

inaccessible for a long period. Thus it's not unexpected that there are still vital lessons to be learned from him, including the

philosophical underpinnings of AI.

Turing's thinking on this problem was far ahead of everyone else's, thanks in part to the fact that he uncovered the

fundamental idea of contemporary computing equipment - stored-program design - as early as 1936. (a full 12 years before

the first modern computer was actually engineered). Turing had just finished his first degree in mathematics at King's College,

Cambridge, when he published 'On Computable Numbers' (1936), one of the most significant mathematical works in history,

in which he developed an abstract digital computing system, known today as a universal Turing machine.

During WWII, Turing learned about developments in high-speed electronic switching (through vacuum tubes) and

saw the creation of the first fully functional electronic digital computer, Colossus, which was utilized by British cryptanalysts

beginning in early 1944. Colossus, on the other hand, did not have its fundamental programming stored inside and was far

from becoming a universal - or, in current terminology, 'general-purpose' - computer. Rather, in order to accomplish any of a

limited set of activities, the system had to be manually programmed using numerous connectors and switches.
 He also said a line that is stuck in my mind ‘If a machine can think, it might think more intelligently than we do’ Turing

was well aware of the cultural, political, and scientific significance of such a topic. In one radio program, for example, 'Can

Digital Computers Think? ', he concludes by asking:

If a machine can think, it may think more intelligently than humans, in which case, where should we be? Even if we

could keep the robots submissive, for example, by shutting off the electricity at appropriate times, we should be deeply

humiliated as a species. ... This new hazard, if it appears at all, is remote but not astronomically remote, and it is clearly

something that can cause us concern. Finally, he emphasizes the significance of the topic for the study of human cognition:

The entire thinking process remains a mystery to us, but I believe that attempting to build a thinking machine would

tremendously aid us in understanding how we think.

Now, we can clearly state that he was correct; the endeavor to create a thinking machine has undoubtedly aided us

in this regard. Furthermore, he correctly prophesied in his 1950 article that 'by the end of the century, the usage of words and

popular informed opinion would have changed so much that one will be able to talk about machines thinking without expecting

to be refuted'. Of course, he did not imply that the problem of minds and computers would be addressed. In reality, the situation

has become worse. Continuing breakthroughs in affective computing and biotechnology will lead more people to assume that

computers can not only think, but also feel, and may be entitled to certain legal rights, among other things. Some, though,

such as Roger Penrose, may properly reject that computers can even compute.