Pasadena, California

Pasadena, California
Pasadena (/ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/ PAS-ə-DEE-nə) is a

city in Los Angeles County, California,
United States, 11 miles (18 km) northeast
of downtown Los Angeles. It is the most
populous city and the primary cultural
center of the San Gabriel Valley.[19] Old
Pasadena is the city's original commercial
district.
Pasadena, California
City
City of Pasadena
Clockwise: Pasadena City Hall; The Langham

Huntington; California Institute of Technology;
U.S. Court of Appeals; Pasadena Convention
Center
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): City of Roses, Crown City,[1]
Rose Town
Location in Los Angeles County and the

State of California
Pasadena
Location within
the Los Angeles
Metropolitan
Area
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area
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Coordinates: 34°09′22″N 118°7′55″W (http
s://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pag
ename=Pasadena,_California&params=34_0
9_22_N_118_7_55_W_region:US-CA_type:city
(139,000))
Country United States

State California
County Los Angeles
Incorporated June 19, 1886[2]
Named for Tongva name of the
area: "Pasakeg-na"[3]
Government
• Type City
council/manager
• Mayor Victor Gordo[4]
• City Council Tyron Hampton[5]
Felicia Williams[6]
Justin Jones[7]
Gene Masuda[8]
Jessica Rivas[9]
Steve Madison[10]
Jason Lyon[11]
• City Manager Miguel Márquez[12]
Area[13]
• Total 23.11 sq mi
(59.84 km2)
• Land 22.96 sq mi
(59.47 km2)
• Water 0.14 sq mi
(0.37 km2) 0.68%
Elevation[14] 863 ft (263 m)
Population (2020)[15]
• Total 138,699
• Rank 9th in Los Angeles
County
44th in California
192nd in the U. S.
• Density 6,141.5/sq mi
(2,371.24/km2)
Demonym Pasadenan
Time zone UTC−8 (Pacific)
• Summer (DST) UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes[16] 91101–91110,
91114–91118,
91121, 91123–
91126, 91129,
91182, 91184,
91185, 91188,
91189, 91199
Area code 626
FIPS code 06-56000 (https://da
ta.census.gov/cedsc
i/profile?g=1600000
US0656000)
GNIS feature IDs 1664804 (https://edi
ts.nationalmap.gov/
apps/gaz-domestic/
public/summary/16
64804) , 2411379 (h
ttps://edits.national
map.gov/apps/gaz-d
omestic/public/sum
mary/2411379)
Flower Rose[17]
Website www
.cityofpasadena.net
(http://www.cityofpa
sadena.net)
Its population was 138,699 at the 2020

census,[15] making it the 44th largest city
in California[15] and the ninth-largest city in
Los Angeles County. Pasadena was
incorporated on June 19, 1886, becoming
one of the first cities to be incorporated in
what is now Los Angeles County, following
the city of Los Angeles (April 4, 1850).[20]
Pasadena is known for hosting the annual
Rose Bowl football game and Tournament
of Roses Parade. It is also home to many
scientific, educational, and cultural
institutions, including Caltech, Pasadena
City College, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J.
Tyson School of Medicine, Fuller
Theological Seminary, Parsons
Corporation, ArtCenter College of Design,
the Pasadena Playhouse, the Ambassador
Auditorium, the Norton Simon Museum,
and the USC Pacific Asia Museum.
History
Indigenous history
The original inhabitants of Pasadena (from

the Tongva language name "Pasakeg-
na")[3] and surrounding areas were
members of the Native American
Hahamog-na tribe, a branch of the Tongva
Nation. They spoke the Tongva language
(part of the Uto-Aztecan languages group).
Native Americans had lived in the Los
Angeles Basin for thousands of years.[21]
Tongva dwellings lined the Arroyo Seco in
present day Pasadena and south to where
it joins the Los Angeles River and along
other natural waterways in the city.
The native people lived in thatched, dome-

shape lodges and lived on a diet of acorn
meal, seeds and herbs, venison, and other
small animals as well as trading for ocean
fish with the coastal Tongva. They made
cooking vessels from steatite soapstone
from Catalina Island. The oldest
transportation route still in existence in
Pasadena is the old Tongva foot trail, also
known as the Gabrielino Trail, that follows
the west side of the Rose Bowl and the
Arroyo Seco past the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory into the San Gabriel Mountains.
The trail has been in continuous use for
thousands of years. An arm of the trail is
also still in use in what is now known as
the Salvia Canyon.
Spanish era
The Spanish first colonized the Los

Angeles Basin in the 1770s as part of the
Viceroyalty of New Spain, building the San
Gabriel Mission and renaming the local
Tongva people "Gabrielino Indians", after
the name of the mission. Today, several
bands of Tongva people live in the Los
Angeles area.[22]
Mexican era
Manuel Garfias, the last

Californio owner of Rancho
San Pascual, which covered
modern-day Pasadena, South
Pasadena, San Marino,
Altadena, and San Pasqual.
In 1821, Mexico became independent of

Spain and California came under control of
the Mexican government. In 1833, the
mission lands were secularized and most
of the lands in California were granted to
private Mexican citizens in the form of
ranchos. Present-day Pasadena was
divided between Rancho San Rafael (lands
west of the Arroyo Seco extending to
present-day Burbank in the northwest to
Glassell Park in the southwest), Rancho
del Rincon de San Pascual,[21] (present-day
central Pasadena, Altadena, and South
Pasadena), and Rancho Santa Anita
(present-day east Pasadena, Arcadia, and
Monrovia).[23] Rancho del Rincon de San
Pascual was so named because it was
deeded on Easter Sunday to Eulalia Perez
de Guillén Mariné of Mission San Gabriel
Arcángel.
Post-Conquest era
Prior to the American conquest of

California in 1848, the last of the Mexican
owners of Rancho del Rincon de San
Pascual was Manuel Garfias[21] who
retained title to the property after
statehood in 1850. Garfias sold sections
of the property to the first Anglo settlers to
come into the area: Dr. Benjamin Eaton,
the father of Fred Eaton; and Dr. S. Griffin.
Much of the property was purchased by
Benjamin Wilson, who established his
Lake Vineyard property in the vicinity.
Wilson, known as Don Benito to the local
Indians,[21] also owned the Rancho Jurupa
(Riverside, California) and was mayor of
Los Angeles. He was the grandfather of
WWII General George S. Patton, Jr. and the
namesake of Mount Wilson.
View of Pasadena c. 1898
In 1873, Wilson was visited by Dr. Daniel

M. Berry of Indiana who was looking for a
place in the country that could offer a mild
climate for his patients, most of whom
suffered from respiratory ailments. Berry
was an asthmatic and claimed that he had
his best three night's sleep at Rancho San
Pascual.[24] To keep the find a secret, Berry
code-named the area "Muscat" after the
grape that Wilson grew. To raise funds to
bring the company of people to San
Pascual, Berry formed the Southern
California Orange and Citrus Growers
Association and sold stock in it.[25] The
newcomers were able to purchase a large
portion of the property along the Arroyo
Seco and on January 31, 1874, they
incorporated the Indiana Colony. As a
gesture of good will, Wilson added 2,000
acres (8 km2) of then-useless highland
property, part of which would become
Altadena. Colonel Jabez Banbury opened
the first school on South Orange Grove
Avenue. Banbury had twin daughters,
named Jennie and Jessie. The two
became the first students to attend
Pasadena's first school on Orange
Grove.[26]
At the time, the Indiana Colony was a

narrow strip of land between the Arroyo
Seco and Fair Oaks Avenue. On the other
side of the street was Wilson's Lake
Vineyard development.[27] After more than
a decade of parallel development on both
sides, the two settlements merged into the
City of Pasadena.[27]
Resort town
The former Hotel Green in 1900.
The popularity of the region drew people

from across the country, and Pasadena
eventually became a stop on the Atchison,
Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, which led to
an explosion in growth. From the real
estate boom of the 1880s until the Great
Depression, as great tourist hotels were
developed in the city, Pasadena became a
winter resort for wealthy Easterners,
spurring the development of new
neighborhoods and business districts, and
increased road and transit connections
with Los Angeles, culminating with the
opening of the Arroyo Seco Parkway,
California's first freeway. By 1940,[28]
Pasadena had become the eighth-largest
city in California and was widely
considered a twin city to Los Angeles.
Downtown Pasadena, c. 1910
The first of the great hotels to be

established in Pasadena was the Raymond
(1886) atop Bacon Hill, renamed Raymond
Hill after construction. Pasadena was
served by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa
Fe Railway at the Santa Fe Depot in
downtown when the Second District was
opened in 1887.[29] The original Mansard
Victorian 200-room facility burned down
on Easter morning of 1895, was rebuilt in
1903, and razed during the Great
Depression to make way for residential
development. The Maryland Hotel existed
from the early 1900s and was demolished
in 1934. The world-famous Mount Lowe
Railway and associated mountain hotels
shut down four years later due to fire
damage. Three hotel structures have
survived, the Green Hotel (a co-op since
1926), the Vista Del Arroyo (now used as a
Federal courthouse), and a residential
tower of the Maryland at 80 North Euclid
Avenue (a co-op since 1953).[30]
The American Craftsman era in art and

design is well represented in Pasadena.
The architectural firm Greene and Greene
developed the style; many of its
residences still stand. Two examples of
their Ultimate bungalow are the
masterpiece Gamble House, of which
public tours are available, and the Robert
R. Blacker House, both designated
California Historical Landmarks and
enrolled on the U.S. National Register of
Historic Places.
Contemporary
The California Institute of Technology

in 1925.
The Second World War proved to be a

boon to Pasadena as Southern California
became a major staging area for the
Pacific War.[31] High tech manufacturing
and scientific companies made the city
their home, a trend which continued in the
decades following the war, notably with
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Tetra
Tech and Ameron International.
In the 1950s, Pasadena saw a steady

influx of people from the Southern United
States, especially African-Americans from
Texas and Louisiana. Pasadena also
began hosting a large immigrant
community, particularly from China, Japan,
Philippines, Mexico, Guatemala, El
Salvador, Italy, Armenia, and India.
The American Academy of Dramatic Arts,

founded in 1884 in New York, opened its
Pasadena campus in 1974. However, in
2001 the conservatory moved from
Pasadena to Hollywood. Training actors
for the stage in a two year program, the
conservatory was the first school in the
United States to offer professional
education in the field of acting. Point
Loma Nazarene University was located in
Pasadena for many years before
relocating to San Diego County, and
retained the names Pasadena University
and Pasadena College.
Downtown Pasadena in 1945
In 1969, the Pasadena Unified School

District was desegregated, though the
issue would continue to be fought in court
for a decade. A year later, the 210 Freeway
was built along a newly chosen route. The
freeway's construction was controversial,
as it caused the demolition of over a
thousand homes, many historic, and many
claimed that the route was designed to cut
off the city's less wealthy neighborhoods.
Downtown Pasadena became dangerous

in some parts and deserted in others, and
incidences of murder and arson
skyrocketed. Old Pasadena faced
destruction as plans for new high-rise
developments were drawn up, though they
were mostly stopped by increasingly active
preservation advocates. Pasadena
suffered demographically as many
residents decamped for the nearby
suburbs or the Inland Empire, causing an
overall decrease in population. Despite
these setbacks, many local artists and
hipsters moved in to take advantage of
low property values. Their legacy can be
seen today in the Doo Dah Parade which
began in 1976.
In 2014, several arrests were made

involving an embezzlement scheme which
stole money from the UUP. The amount is
estimated to be $6.4 million.[32][33]
Geography
Hahamongna Watershed Park
The greater Pasadena area is bounded by

the Raymond Fault line, the San Rafael
Hills, and the San Gabriel Mountains. The
Arroyo Seco, a major geographic feature
and home of the Rose Bowl, flows from
headwaters in Pasadena's towering
Angeles National Forest greenbelt in the
San Gabriel Mountains.[19] According to
the United States Census Bureau, the city
has a total area of 23.1 square miles
(60 km2), over 99% of it land; 0.68% is
water.[34]
Climate
Pasadena
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N
89 91 90
84 83
76 78 7
73
68 69

62 63 62
58 56
51 54
48 50
46 46

4.5
5.2 3
1.1
0.5
0.2
0.1 0
0.2
0.8 1.
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

█ Precipitation totals in inches
Metric conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N
32 33 32
29 28
23 24 26 24
20 21

17 17 17
14 13
11 12
9 10
8 8

114
132
76
28
13
5.1
2.5 0
5.1
20
28
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

█ Precipitation totals in mm
Pasadena has a Mediterranean climate

(Köppen Csa), with typically hotter
summers and slightly cooler winters than
nearby coastal areas. Its location relative
to the San Gabriel mountains allows the
orographic lift to add several more inches
of rainfall per year than nearby areas.
During the first few months of the year,
Pasadena experiences cool to warm highs,
typically in the upper 60s (16–18 °C) to
lower 70s (21–24 °C). Colder days are
usually accompanied by heavier rain. By
April, temperatures warm further, and rain
tapers off significantly.
By May and June, rain is typically sparse,

but the infamous marine layer becomes
more persistent. Locals have dubbed June
"June Gloom" as it is the cloudiest month
despite being the 3rd driest month. By
July, the marine layer subsides as inland
areas cool due to an increased monsoon
flow. Heatwaves from July through
October can be oppressive and lengthy. In
addition, it rarely rains during the summer
and fall months, and only does when the
remnants of hurricanes and tropical
storms pass by. In fact, some days in both
July and August have never recorded
rainfall.[35] It is not impossible to go 6
months without measurable precipitation.
The average highest temperature recorded

each year is around 106 °F (41 °C). The
hottest heatwaves of the year usually
occur in mid to late September. By late
October, temperatures drop off. By
November, Pacific storms return to
Pasadena, bringing increasingly heavy rain
and cooler weather. Along with them,
however, are the Santa Ana winds. The
Santa Ana winds can produce heat, high
winds, power outages, tree damage and an
increased wildfire threat whenever they
strike. By December, lows typically drop
into the 40s (4–9 °C) with the occasional
reading in the 30s (−1–4 °C). Highs remain
around 68 °F (20 °C) with heatwaves
pushing temperatures into the mid-80s
(28–31 °C). A high temperature of at least
85 °F (29 °C) has been recorded on all 365
days of the year, with temperatures over
100 °F (38 °C) possible April through early
November.
Climate data for Pasadena, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Record high 93 92 98 105 104 113 113 109 115 108 101 93
°F (°C) (34) (33) (37) (41) (40) (45) (45) (43) (46) (42) (38) (34)
Mean
81.7 83.4 86.9 92.6 92.8 96.1 99.3 101.6 103.4 98.3 89.6 80.1
maximum °F
(27.6) (28.6) (30.5) (33.7) (33.8) (35.6) (37.4) (38.7) (39.7) (36.8) (32.0) (26.7
(°C)
Average 68.1 69.3 72.6 76.2 78.3 83.7 89.1 91.3 89.9 83.0 74.7 67.2
high °F (°C) (20.1) (20.7) (22.6) (24.6) (25.7) (28.7) (31.7) (32.9) (32.2) (28.3) (23.7) (19.6
Daily mean 56.8 57.7 60.5 63.4 66.1 70.7 75.6 77.2 75.8 69.7 62.1 56.0
°F (°C) (13.8) (14.3) (15.8) (17.4) (18.9) (21.5) (24.2) (25.1) (24.3) (20.9) (16.7) (13.3
Average low 45.5 46.1 48.4 50.6 53.9 57.8 62.0 63.2 61.6 56.3 49.6 44.7
°F (°C) (7.5) (7.8) (9.1) (10.3) (12.2) (14.3) (16.7) (17.3) (16.4) (13.5) (9.8) (7.1)
Mean
38.3 39.2 40.6 43.6 49.2 53.0 57.2 58.6 55.5 50.2 42.8 37.8
minimum °F
(3.5) (4.0) (4.8) (6.4) (9.6) (11.7) (14.0) (14.8) (13.1) (10.1) (6.0) (3.2)
(°C)
Record low 21 26 29 31 32 41 45 43 41 36 26 25
°F (°C) (−6) (−3) (−2) (−1) (0) (5) (7) (6) (5) (2) (−3) (−4)
Average
4.51 5.16 3.03 1.11 0.48 0.21 0.06 0.03 0.22 0.84 1.10 3.33
precipitation
(115) (131) (77) (28) (12) (5.3) (1.5) (0.76) (5.6) (21) (28) (85)
inches (mm)
Average
precipitation
7.1 7.9 6.2 3.4 2.8 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.8 2.6 3.2 6.1
days
(≥ 0.01 in)
Source 1: NOAA[36]
Source 2: National Weather Service[37]
Pasadena averages 20.08 inches
(510.0 mm) of rain a year, about 6 inches
(150 mm) more than nearby Los Angeles
due to the orographic effect created by the
San Gabriel Mountains. The wettest "rain
year" was from July 1940 to June 1941
with 46.32 inches (1,176.5 mm) and the
driest from July 1960 to June 1961 with
7.18 inches (182.4 mm). Wet years are
commonly associated with El Niño warm
surface water in the eastern Pacific and
dry years with La Niña cold water
conditions. The most rainfall in one month
was 19.70 inches (500.4 mm) in February
1980. The most rainfall in 24 hours was
7.70 inches (195.6 mm) on March 2, 1938.
La Loma Bridge, built in 1914, spans
the Arroyo Seco
Situated at the base of the San Gabriel

Mountains, snow is known to fall
occasionally in Pasadena. The heaviest
snowfall in Pasadena history occurred on
January 11, 1949; 8 inches (20.3 cm) fell
at Pasadena's city hall and more than 14
inches (35.6 cm) fell in the foothills above
the city.[38] The most recent snowfall in
Pasadena was 1 inch (2.5 cm) on February
21, 2019.
On November 30 and December 1, 2011,
Pasadena, along with surrounding
communities, was struck by a major
windstorm caused by Santa Ana winds.[39]
The city suffered heavy damage with trees
toppled, buildings damaged and even the
roof of a gas station torn off.
The official NOAA weather station for the

city is located just north-west of the
townhall on the other side of Garfield
Avenue.
Demographics
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1880 391 —
1890 4,882 1,148.6%
1900 9,117 86.7%
1910 30,291 232.2%
1920 45,354 49.7%
1930 76,086 67.8%
1940 81,864 7.6%
1950 104,577 27.7%
1960 116,407 11.3%
1970 112,951 −3.0%
1980 118,072 4.5%
1990 131,591 11.4%
2000 133,936 1.8%
2010 137,122 2.4%
2020 138,699 1.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[40]
Demographic
2020[41] 2010[42] 1990[41] 19
profile
White 48.4% 55.8% 57.3% 79
Non-Hispanic
34.6% 38.8% 46.6% 70
white
Black or
African 8.3% 10.6% 19.0% 16
American
Hispanic or
Latino (of any 34.9% 33.7% 27.3% 10
race)
Asian 18.1% 14.3% 8.1% 2.

2010
The 2010 United States Census[44]

reported that Pasadena had a population
of 137,122. The population density was
5,928.8 inhabitants per square mile
(2,289.1/km2). The racial makeup of
Pasadena was 76,550 (55.8%) White,
14,650 (10.7%) African American, down
from 19.0% in 1990, 827 (0.6%) Native
American, 19,595 (14.3%) Asian, 134
(0.1%) Pacific Islander, 18,675 (13.6%)
from other races, and 6,691 (4.9%) from
two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of
any race numbered 46,174 persons
(33.7%). Non-Hispanic whites were 38.8%
of the population,[42] down from 70.4% in
1970.[41]
The Census reported that 133,629 people

(97.5% of the population) lived in
households, 2,472 (1.8%) lived in non-
institutionalized group quarters, and 1,021
(0.7%) were institutionalized.
St. Andrew's Church, part of

the Roman Catholic
Archdiocese of Los Angeles
There were 55,270 households, out of

which 14,459 (26.2%) had children under
the age of 18 living in them, 22,285
(40.3%) were married couples living
together, 6,131 (11.1%) had a female
householder with no husband present,
2,460 (4.5%) had a male householder with
no wife present. There were 3,016 (5.5%)
unmarried partnerships. 18,838
households (34.1%) were made up of
individuals, and 5,748 (10.4%) had
someone living alone who was 65 years of
age or older. The average household size
was 2.42. There were 30,876 families
(55.9% of all households); the average
family size was 3.18.
The age distribution of the population was
as follows: 26,507 people (19.3%) were
under the age of 18, 12,609 people (9.2%)
aged 18 to 24, 45,371 people (33.1%) aged
25 to 44, 34,073 people (24.8%) aged 45 to
64, and 18,562 people (13.5%) who were
65 years of age or older. The median age
was 37.2 years. For every 100 females,
there were 95.1 males. For every 100
females age 18 and over, there were 93.5
males.
There were 59,551 housing units at an

average density of 2,574.8 per square mile
(994.1/km2), of which 24,863 (45.0%) were
owner-occupied, and 30,407 (55.0%) were
occupied by renters. The homeowner
vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy
rate was 6.6%. 64,306 people (46.9% of
the population) lived in owner-occupied
housing units and 69,323 people (50.6%)
lived in rental housing units.
According to the 2010 United States

Census, Pasadena had a median
household income of $69,302, with 13.2%
of the population living below the federal
poverty line.[45]
During 2015–2019, Pasadena had a

median household income of $83,068,
with 14.5% of the population living below
the federal poverty line. For people ages
25 and over, 88.3% had a high school
degree or higher while 52.3% had a
Bachelor's degree or higher.[46]
Economy
Shops in Old Pasadena
Old Town Pasadena spans 21 blocks

downtown. It boasts shops and a wide
variety of restaurants, nightclubs, outdoor
cafés, pubs, and comedy clubs. "One
Colorado" features renovated historic
architecture that attracted the new retail
stores and restaurants. This development
filled vacant buildings and was the
impetus of the revitalization of Old Town
on Colorado Boulevard.[47]
Paseo Colorado is an open-air mall that

covers three city blocks, anchored on the
west end by upscale grocery store
Gelson's (recently closed), on the east end
by Macy's (also closed) and Arclight
Cinemas centers the middle portion of the
mall. Another shopping district is located
in the South Lake Avenue neighborhood.
On Lake Avenue, a Macy's department
store and furniture gallery is in a registered
California historical landmark. The building
was originally designed and built as the
fourth Bullock's department store in the
mid-1950s (the last freestanding store
they constructed).[48]
The Rose Bowl Flea Market is a large swap

meet that involves thousands of dealers
and tens of thousands of visitors in and
around the grounds of the Rose Bowl. The
merchandise on display ranges from old
world antiques to California pottery to
vintage clothing. The flea market has been
held every second Sunday of the month
since 1967.[49]
Top employers
According to the City's 2018

Comprehensive Annual Financial
Report,[50] the top employers in the city
are:
# Employer # of employees
1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 6,197
2 California Institute of Technology 3,900
3 Huntington Memorial Hospital 3,737
4 Kaiser Permanente 3,152
5 Pasadena City College 2,619
6 Pasadena Unified School District 2,420
7 City of Pasadena 2,139
8 Bank of America 1,410
9 Art Center College of Design 1,177
10 Hathaway-Sycamores 673
11 Western Asset 573
12 The Langham Huntington Hotel 541
13 Parsons 504
14 AT&T 491
15 Rusnak Pasadena 355

16 Pacific Clinics Administration 254
17 Avon Products 78
Other companies based in Pasadena

include Avery Dennison, Cogent Systems,
Idealab, Inter-Con Security, Goldstar
Events, Jacobs Engineering Group, Green
Dot Corporation, Tetra Tech, Wesco
Financial, OpenX, Stark Spirits Distillery
and Wetzel's Pretzels. The Los Angeles-
area office of China Eastern Airlines is
located in Pasadena.[51]
Arts and culture
Tournament of Roses Parade
Theme float "2010: A Cut Above the

Rest" rolling down Colorado
Boulevard during the parade
Pasadena is home to the Tournament of

Roses Parade, held each year on January 1
(or on January 2, if the 1st falls on a
Sunday). The first parade was held in 1890
and was originally sponsored by the Valley
Hunt Club, a Pasadena social club. The
motivation for having the parade was, as
member Professor Charles F. Holder said,
"In New York, people are buried in snow.
Here our flowers are blooming and our
oranges are about to bear. Let's hold a
festival to tell the world about our
paradise."[52]
By 1895, the festivities had outgrown the

Valley Hunt Club, and the Tournament of
Roses Association was formed to take
charge of the parade. The Rose Parade, as
it is familiarly known, traditionally features
elaborate floats, bands and equestrian
units. According to the organizers, "Every
inch of every float must be covered with
flowers, or other natural materials, such as
leaves, seeds, or bark. On average a float
requires about 100,000 flowers and
greenery. Volunteer workers swarm over
the floats in the days after Christmas, their
hands and clothes covered with glue and
petals."[53] The most perishable flowers are
placed in small vials of water, which are
placed onto the float individually. Over the
almost 3 hours of the parade, floats, and
participants travel over five miles (8 km)[53]
and pass by over one million viewers who
traditionally camp out over New Year's Eve
to have the best view along the parade
route.[54]
The Rose Parade is satirized by the

popular Doo Dah Parade, an annual event
that originated in Old Pasadena in 1978,
and soon gained national notoriety.[55]
Reader's Digest named the Doo Dah
Parade "America's Best Parade", and was a
recent feature in 50 Places You Must Visit
Before You Die!.[55] It was formerly held
around Thanksgiving, a month before the
Rose Parade,[56] but the parade is now held
in January. In 2011, after 33 years in
Pasadena, the parade moved to East
Pasadena for the first time.[54] It features
unusual and absurd entrants such as the
BBQ & Hibachi Marching Grill Team, the
Men of Leisure, and the Bastard Sons of
Lee Marvin.[55] Proceeds from the parade's
pancake breakfast, T-shirts, and after-party
are donated to charity.[55][57]
Rose Bowl Game
The Rose Bowl, a National Historic

Landmark, is host of the first and most
famous college football postseason bowl
game, the Tournament of Roses Rose
Bowl Game, every New Year's Day. In 1895,
the Tournament of Roses Association was
formed to take charge of the parade. In
1902, the association declared that a
football game would be added to the day's
events. This was the first post-season
college football game to be played on New
Year's Day and is known as, "The
Grandaddy of Them All"; many other
football stadiums followed suit. After two
decades, the game outgrew its original
facility, and a new stadium was
constructed in the Arroyo Seco area. The
new stadium hosted its first New Year's
Day football game in 1923. It was soon
christened "The Rose Bowl", as was the
game itself.[52]
Performing arts
Pasadena Playhouse
The legendary Pasadena Playhouse, the

State Theater of California, is a member
supported theater company that
celebrated their centennial season in
2018. The theater puts on five shows a
year. In 1937, the Pasadena Playhouse
established a record as the only theatre in
the United States to have staged the entire
Shakespearean canon.[58] Today, the
Playhouse is known for their innovative
productions.
The Pasadena Symphony, founded in

1928, offers several concerts a year at the
Ambassador Auditorium and the
Pasadena Pops plays at the Los Angeles
County Arboretum and Botanic Garden.
The Civic Center also holds a few traveling
Broadway shows each year.
Boston Court Performing Arts Center,

opened in 2003, is near Lake and
Colorado. Its resident theatre company,
the award-winning The Theatre @ Boston
Court, presents four productions a year.[59]
Music at the Court presents numerous
music concerts each year, ranging from
classical to jazz. The Friends of the Levitt
organization presents a free summer
concert series in Memorial Park, with the
2008 summer season marking its sixth
year.
Pasadena Conservatory of Music
Beckman Auditorium and other venues on

the Caltech campus present a wide range
of performing arts, lectures, films, classes
and entertainment events, primarily during
the academic year.[60]
For more than ten years, twice annually
Pasadena's cultural institutions have
opened their doors for free during ArtNight
Pasadena,[61] offering the public a rich
sampling of quality art, artifacts and music
within the city. This has evolved into the
yearly PasadenART Weekend,[62] a three-
day citywide event which, as of 2007,
encompasses ArtNight, ArtWalk,
ArtHeritage, ArtMarket, and
ArtPerformance, a vibrant outdoor music
event showcasing emerging and nationally
recognized talent. Free concerts take
place on multiple stages throughout Old
Pasadena.[63]
Ambassador Auditorium
Ambassador Auditorium was built under

the guidance of Herbert W. Armstrong as
both a facility to be used by the Worldwide
Church of God for religious services and
as a concert hall for public performances
celebrating the performing arts. In 2007,
the native Pasadena band Ozma reunited
and produced the album Pasadena in
tribute to the city. The album photos and
artwork were shot at the Colorado Street
Bridge.[64]
The 1960s song "The Little Old Lady from

Pasadena" parodies a popular Southern
California image of Pasadena as home to
a large population of aged eccentrics. In
the song, Jan and Dean sing of an elderly
lady who drives a powerful "Super Stock
Dodge" muscle car and is "the terror of
Colorado Boulevard." The Dead Kennedys
paid a tribute to this archetypal song in the
track "Buzzbomb From Pasadena" in the
album Give Me Convenience or Give Me
Death. Pasadena was also the location of
the 2012 film Project X.
Visual arts
A number of artists of national repute,

such as Guy Rose, Alson S. Clark, Marion
Wachtel and Ernest A. Batchelder, of the
Arts and Crafts Movement, made
Pasadena their home in the early twentieth
century. The formation of the California Art
Club, Stickney Memorial Art School (later
known as Pasadena Arts Institute) and the
Pasadena Society of Artists heralded the
city's emergence as a regional center for
the visual arts.
Museums and galleries
Pasadena Museum of History

Pasadena is home to a number of art
museums and public galleries, including
the Norton Simon Museum. The museum's
collections include European paintings,
sculpture, and tapestry; sculpture from
Southern Asia; and an extensive sculpture
garden. The museum also has the
contemporary art collection of its
predecessor, the Pasadena Museum of
Art, which focused on modern and
contemporary art before being taken over
by Simon in the early 1970s.[65]
Preserving and sharing the rich history and

culture of Pasadena and its adjacent
communities is the Pasadena Museum of
History. Located on a campus of 2 acres
(8,100 m2), it has gardens, a history center,
the Finnish Folk Art Museum, the Curtin
House, and the Fenyes Mansion, a 1906
Beaux Arts-style architectural residence
and a Pasadena Cultural Heritage
Landmark.[66]
The Pacific Asia Museum, with a garden

courtyard in its center, features art from
the many countries and cultures of Asia.
The nearby Pasadena Museum of
California Art (recently closed) hosts
changing exhibitions of work by historical
and contemporary California artists.[67]
The Armory Center for the Arts has an
extensive exhibition program as well as
serving as a center for art education for all
ages.[68] Art Center College of Design
offers exhibitions at its Williamson Gallery,
as well as frequent displays of student
work.[69] Pasadena City College has an art
gallery that shows work of professionals
as part of their annual artist-in-residence
program, as well as exhibiting work by
students and faculty.[70]
The Huntington Library and Botanical

Gardens, with painting and sculpture
galleries, is adjacent to Pasadena in the
city of San Marino.[71] The innovative
Kidspace Children's Museum is located in
Brookside Park.[72]
Literature
Red Hen Press, one of the largest

independent literary publishers on the US
west coast, is located in Pasadena. The
press publishes over twenty titles of
poetry, fiction, and nonfiction each year as
well as a biannual literary magazine called
The Los Angeles Review.
In 2002 David Ebershoff published the

novel Pasadena. The novel won praise for
its accurate recreation of Pasadena before
World War II.[73]
Bungalow Heaven
Bungalow Heaven is a neighborhood of

800 small Craftsman homes built from
1900 to 1930. Many of these homes are
still occupied. Much of the area became a
landmark district in 1989,[74] and annual
historic home tours have been conducted
since that designation.[75][76] Bungalow
Heaven's borders are Washington
Boulevard to the north, Orange Grove
Boulevard to the south, Mentor Avenue to
the west, and Chester Avenue to the
east.[77] The neighborhood is usually
extended to Lake Avenue to the west and
Hill Avenue to the east.[74][78] Famed
architects Greene and Greene built several
of their Japanese-inspired bungalows in
Pasadena, including the Gamble House;
the style of the homes in Bungalow
Heaven show the effects of their success.
Orange Grove Boulevard
Tournament House
The Norton Simon Museum is at the
intersection of Orange Grove and Colorado
Boulevards. This corner is the official start
of the Rose Parade route and the museum
can be quite clearly seen every year during
the parade television broadcast.
Orange Grove Boulevard is one of several

exclusive residential districts in Pasadena,
and has been a home for the rich and
famous since the early 20th century.
Because of the number of landmark
mansions, the street earned the name
Millionaire's Row, an appropriate sobriquet
considering that the estates that once
lined this spacious boulevard and the
surrounding neighborhood read like a
Who's Who of American consumer
products.
Historical estates
The maker of Wrigley's chewing gum,

William Wrigley Jr.'s, substantial home was
offered to the city of Pasadena after Mrs.
Wrigley's death in 1958, under the
condition that their home would be the
Rose Parade's permanent headquarters.[79]
The stately Tournament House stands
today, and serves as the headquarters for
the Tournament of Roses Parade.[80]
Adolphus Busch, co-founder of Anheuser-
Busch, brewer of Budweiser beer,
established the first of a series of Busch
Gardens in Pasadena. When Busch died at
his Pasadena estate, his wife generously
offered the property to the City of
Pasadena, an offer the city inexplicably
refused. Henry Markham, who lived
adjacent to Busch, was the 18th Governor
of the state of California (1891–1895) and
wrote Pasadena: Its Early Years.[81] The
home of David Gamble, son of consumer
product maker James Gamble of Procter &
Gamble, is located on the north end of
Orange Grove Boulevard.
The Gamble House, an American
Craftsman masterpiece, was built in
1908,[82] by architects Charles and Henry
Greene, as an exemplification of their
ultimate bungalow. It is open to the public
as both an architectural conservancy and
museum.[83]
The Gamble House, an American

Craftsman Masterpiece[84][85][86]
The Gamble House is a California

Historical Landmark and a National
Historic Landmark on the National
Register of Historic Places. In 1966, it was
deeded to the city of Pasadena in a mutual
agreement with the University of Southern
California School of Architecture. Every
year, two fifth-year USC architecture
students live in the house full-time. The
students change yearly.[87]
The home of Anna Bissell McCay, daughter

of carpet sweeper magnate Melville
Bissell, is a four-story Victorian home, on
the border of South Pasadena. Today the
Bissell House is a bed and breakfast.[88]
Thaddeus S. C. Lowe's home of 24,000
square feet (2,200 m2) was on South
Orange Grove. The house included a sixth
story solarium which he converted into an
observatory. Lowe was also a generous
patron of the astronomical sciences. He
started a water-gas company, founded the
Citizens Bank of Los Angeles, built
numerous ice plants, and purchased a
Pasadena opera house. He also
established the Mount Lowe Railway in the
mountains above Pasadena and eventually
lost his fortune.[89] The brilliant, but
troubled, rocket scientist John Whiteside
Parsons sometimes shared his residence
with other noteworthy people, including L.
Ron Hubbard, the founder of Scientology.
Parsons died in an explosion while testing
a new rocket fuel in his Pasadena home
laboratory, in 1952.[90]
Sports
Main entrance to the Rose Bowl

Stadium
Centennial Place YMCA
Rose Bowl Stadium
In addition to the annual New Year's Day

Rose Bowl game and a College Football
Playoff semi-final game every three years,
the stadium is the home field for the UCLA
Bruins football team and has hosted five
Super Bowls and many BCS National
Championship games. Important soccer
games include the 1984 Summer
Olympics,[91] the final game of the 1994
FIFA World Cup,[92] and the final game of
the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup.
The Rose Bowl stadium was the home

ground for the Los Angeles Galaxy of
Major League Soccer from the team's
inception in 1996 until in 2003, it moved
into the soccer-specific Home Depot
Center (now Dignity Health Sports Park) in
Carson, California. The venue additionally
hosted the 1998 MLS Cup.[93] Many
concerts and other events have been held
in the stadium, such as Beyonce and Jay
Z's "On the Run Tour" on August 2, 2014.
Aquatic center
The Rose Bowl Aquatics Center sits next

to the Rose Bowl Stadium. The pool
hosted the final practices of the 2000 US
Olympic swimming and diving team. In
2008, the facility held the U.S. National
Diving Championships.[94]
Tennis center
The Rose Bowl Tennis Center, operated by

the city of Pasadena, is located due south
of the Rose Bowl Stadium.[95]
Professional futsal
The city of Pasadena is also home to a

professional futsal team, the Pasadena
Purple Cows, as seen in futsal in the
United States. The Cows were an
expansion side in season 3 of the TSC
Futsal League before making it to the
championship game against the Jersey
Hooligans in season 4, losing 4-3.
Assistant captain, Chris Dailey, was named
MVP of season 4 after a 10 goal season.
Government
Pasadena City Hall
The city charter specifies a city

council/manager form of government. In
addition to city manager, the city council
appoints the city attorney and prosecutor,
and the city clerk. The city manager
oversees 13 departments including Water
and Power and Human Services. The city
has municipal operating companies
including the Rose Bowl Operating
Company and the Pasadena Community
Access Corporation.[4] The city is one of
three city members of the Burbank-
Glendale-Pasadena Airport Authority,
which is a joint powers agency that owns
Hollywood Burbank Airport.[96]
According to the city's most recent

Comprehensive Annual Financial Report of
2009, the city's various funds had $583.0
million in revenues, $518.1 million in
expenditures, $954,199,439 in net assets,
$732.3 million in total liabilities, and
$118,261,490 in cash and
investments.[97][98]
The city operates its own public health
department and alongside Berkeley, Long
Beach, and Vernon, are the only cities in
California doing so.[99] In 2016, the
Pasadena Public Health Department
received accreditation by the national
Public Health Accreditation Board
(PHAB).[100] The city is primarily served by
Huntington Hospital, located adjacent to
the downtown area. The eastern half of the
city was formerly served by St. Luke
Medical Center until its closure in
2002.[101] The Los Angeles County
Department of Health Services operates
the Monrovia Health Center in Monrovia,
serving portions of Pasadena.[102]
Pasadena Police Department
The Pasadena Police Department serves

most of the city of Pasadena.
Unincorporated portions of the city are
part of Los Angeles County and are served
by the Los Angeles County Sheriff's
Department (LASD) and the Altadena
Station in Altadena serves nearby portions
of Pasadena.[103]
The Pasadena Fire Department moved into

its first formal and permanent station in
1889. Before that they had been housed in
a ramshackle structure and summoned by
the church bell. There were 24 firemen for
two shifts.[104] As of 2016, the Pasadena
Fire Department is an ISO Class 1
department, consisting of 181 full-time
employees (161 shift personnel, 20
administrative personnel) and eight
modern fire stations that serve an area in a
radius of 60 miles (97 km).[105][106]
The Department is dispatched by the

Verdugo Fire Communications Center and
is one of the three agencies that oversees
its operations.[107]
Federal and state representation
Pasadena Central Library
In the United States Senate, Pasadena is

represented by California's senators
Dianne Feinstein, and Alex Padilla.
In the United States House of

Representatives, Pasadena is split
between California's 28th congressional
district, represented by Democrat Judy
Chu, and California's 30th congressional
district, represented by Democrat Adam
Schiff.[108]
In the state legislature, Pasadena is in the

25th Senate District, represented by
Democrat Anthony Portantino, and in the
41st Assembly District, represented by
Democrat Chris Holden.[108]
In the 2016 presidential election, 73% of

Pasadena voters voted for Hillary Clinton,
and 19% voted for Donald Trump.[109]
Water and Power Department
Water and Light Fountain at the

historic Glenarm Power Plant.
Designed by Harold H. Lewis in 1938.
Pasadena Water and Power Department

(PWP) provides services to an area 60 km2
(23 sq mi) and includes areas outside of
the city proper including unincorporated
areas of southern Altadena, East
Pasadena, Chapman Woods, and East San
Gabriel. PWP has operated the Glenarm
Power Plant for over 110 years.
Pasadena created the Pasadena Municipal
Light and Power Department in 1906.
Expanding continued and more generating
capacity was expanded and the city then
offered power to commercial customers in
1908, and bought out Southern California
Edison's Pasadena operations in 1920.[110]
In 1911, the city began condemnation
actions against a number of small, local
water companies. In 1912, the Water
Department was created; in 1913, it began
actual operations. The city continued to
acquire small, local water companies for
several decades afterwards, usually en
toto, such as the Pasadena Lake Vineyard
and Land Company, and sometimes in
part, such as Las Flores Water Company's
southern portions and San Gabriel Valley
Water Company's operations in the
southern reaches of Pasadena. In 1967,
the Water Department and the Light and
Power department were consolidated into
the "Pasadena Water and Power
Department" (or PWP).[110]
It operates a number of wells, has a

spreading ground for the capture of
surface water from the Arroyo Seco, and
purchases surface water from MWDSC. A
number of wells on the west side of the
service area had become contaminated
with volatile organic chemicals and
perchlorate and had to be shut down
several years. A treatment plant was built
to remove these chemicals which began
operation in July 2011.
Education
California Institute of Technology,

considered to be one of the world's
most prestigious universities.
The California Institute of Technology

(Caltech) is in the southern-central area of
Pasadena. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory
(managed for NASA by Caltech) is also in
Pasadena.[111] As of 2022, Caltech's 46
Nobel Laureates have brought 47 Nobel
Prizes home to Pasadena.[112] In 2005,
Caltech dedicated an on-campus weather
station honoring the late Nobel laureate
geneticist and meteorologist Ed Lewis.
The Ed Lewis Memorial Weather Station
generates weather information for KNBC
and thousands of other Web sites on
school campuses in Pasadena and all over
the nation.[113]
Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson

School of Medicine matriculated its first
class in 2020, and waived tuition and fees
for its first 5 classes.[114] The school is
highly competitive. For the 2021
admissions cycle, Kaiser Permanente's
medical school had the lowest acceptance
rate among all American medical
schools.[115]
Fuller Theological Seminary is one of the

largest multidenominational seminaries in
the world.[116]
EF Academy of Pasadena
The Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary

Arts (formerly known as the California
School of Culinary Arts) is located at East
Green Street and South Madison Avenue.
The school offers the Le Cordon Bleu
accreditation and has two campuses in
Pasadena.
Pacific Oaks College is located next to

Pasadena's National Historic Landmark,
the Gamble House. Providence Christian
College is located on the north side of
Pasadena.
Art Center College of Design has two

campuses in Pasadena—a Hillside
Campus in the San Rafael Hills
overlooking the Rose Bowl and South
Campus at the southern edge of town. Art
Center offers several visual and applied art
programs.[117]
Pasadena City College
Los Angeles Music Academy College of

Music, founded in 1996, is a contemporary
music school whose staff are active in the
film, television and recording industries.
The school is located between Colorado
and California Boulevards on South Fair
Oaks Boulevard.
Pasadena City College is a community

college founded in 1924 and located on
Colorado Boulevard, slightly northeast of
Caltech. Until about 1970, the Rose Parade
Queen's court was exclusively selected
from its students.[118]
The Pasadena Unified School District

encompasses 76 square miles (200 km2)
and includes Pasadena, Altadena and
Sierra Madre. There are 17 K-5 elementary
schools, one K-8 school, five middle
schools, two 6-12 (secondary) schools,
and two high schools.[119] There are also a
number of private and parochial schools in
the city.
Fuller Theological Seminary
Private elementary schools located in

Pasadena include Judson International
School, Walden, Mayfield Junior School,
Chandler School, Polytechnic School,
Westridge School, St. Andrew's Catholic
Church, St. Phillip the Apostle School, and
Sequoyah School. Private high schools
include Mayfield Senior School, Judson
International School, Polytechnic
School,The Waverly School,Westridge
School, La Salle High School, and
Maranatha High School.
University of the People, the world's first
tuition-free online university which awards
accredited degrees, is located on Lake
Avenue.[120]
Pasadena had a public library before it

was incorporated as a city. The Pasadena
Central Library was designed by architect
Myron Hunt and dedicated in 1927.[121]
The library has an area of 110,000 square
feet (10,000 m2) and was recently
renovated without damaging any of its
historic integrity.[121] Movies like Matilda,
Legally Blonde and Red Dragon utilized the
Pasadena Central Library for both its
architecture and interior while filming.[122]
The library is also listed on the National
Register of Historic Places.[121]
Media
Pasadena Civic Auditorium, longtime

venue of the Emmy Awards.
Civic Auditorium venue
The Civic Auditorium is on Green Street. It

was designed to be the south cornerstone
of Pasadena's Civic Plaza. Every year, the
popular television competition, American
Idol films their "Hollywood Week" show
there.[123] It was also the venue for the
Miss Teen USA 2007 pageant. The main
auditorium is large enough to have been
home to the annual Emmy Awards
ceremony for 20 years, from 1977 to 1997.
It is also used for high school graduation
ceremonies.
Television
Pasadena is the setting of many TV shows

including Family (1976 TV series), Brothers
& Sisters,[124] Shrinking (an Apple TV+
series), Disney Channel's Dog with a Blog
and The Big Bang Theory.[125]
Pasadena Community Access Corporation
oversees four television channels: The
Arroyo Channel (Channel 32), KPAS
(Channel 3), KLRN (Channel 95) and PCC
TV (Channel 96). Local television news for
Pasadena is produced through this station
by the independently operated Crown City
News.
ABC's TV show Splash was filmed at the

Rose Bowl Aquatics Center.[126]
Radio
Pasadena has been home to a number of

notable radio stations. In 1967 radio
iconoclasts Tom and Raechel Donahue
took over an aging studio in the basement
of the Pasadena Presbyterian Church and
introduced Los Angeles to FM freeform
radio. Broadcasting under the KPPC-FM
call sign at 106.7 FM it quickly became the
voice of the counterculture and provided
the soundtrack to LA's hippie era.[127] Early
on-air personalities included Michael
McKean, David Lander, Harry Shearer, and
Dr. Demento. The staff was fired en masse
in 1971 and the station lost its distinctive
personality.[128] KPPC later became KROQ-
FM, which is owned by Entercom.
Today the primary radio station in
Pasadena goes by the call sign KPCC
located at 89.3 FM. Broadcasting from the
Mohn Broadcast Center on South
Raymond Avenue (and no longer on the
Pasadena City College campus), this
public radio station carries many shows
from National Public Radio but maintains
an independent streak, committing a large
chunk of air time to presenting local and
state news. Accordingly, the station has
received numerous awards for journalistic
excellence and continues to be an
important part of the city's heritage.[129]
WilsonBlock100 Radio (http://www.spreak
er.com/user/wilsonblock100radio)
conducts audio interviews with local
artists and covers events related to the
local music scene. Their name derives
from Wilson Ave. in Pasadena's Bungalow
Heaven neighborhood district.
Newspapers and magazines
Pasadena's largest newspaper is the

Pasadena Star-News, first published in
1884. The daily newspaper also publishes
the Rose Magazine.[130] The Pasadena
Journal a community weekly featuring the
Black voices of the San Gabriel Valley
since 1989. The Pasadena Now is a
community news website covering stories
in the community since 2004. The
Pasadena Weekly, an alternative weekly,
has been published since 1984. Pasadena
Magazine is a magazine published by
MMG Publishing with offices located on
South Marengo Avenue. It started
publication in 2008. Pasadena Outlook
covers news from non-profit organizations,
social event and K-12 private school
coverage since 2007. Colorado Boulevard
.net is a grassroots community news
website that covers news from the
Pasadena and Alhambra areas since its
launching in 2013. Two weekly
newspapers that were folded include
Pasadena Sun, published by Times
Community News in 2013 and Pasadena
Register, published by Freedom
Communications in 2014.
Transportation
Public transit
A Line Memorial Park Station
Pasadena is served by the Los Angeles

Metro A Line light rail, which originates at
the Downtown Long Beach station in Long
Beach and APU/Citrus College station in
Azusa. Opening in 2003 as the Gold
Line,[131] there are currently six A Line
stations in Pasadena: Fillmore, Del Mar,
and Memorial Park stations in Old
Pasadena, Lake station in Downtown, Allen
and Sierra Madre Villa stations.
Construction began in June 2010 to
extend the Gold Line east through several
additional foothill communities of the San
Gabriel Valley, including Arcadia, Monrovia,
Duarte, Irwindale, and Azusa. It began
revenue service on March 5, 2016.[132]
Pasadena is also served by various bus

services. Pasadena Transit exclusively
serves the city while Los Angeles
metropolitan area bus services Foothill
Transit, LADOT, Metro Local, & Metro
Express also serve Pasadena.[133]
Trains
Santa Fe Depot c. 1900
Pasadena was served by the Los Angeles

and San Gabriel Valley Railroad, which in
1906 became the Atchison, Topeka and
Santa Fe Railway, at a Santa Fe Depot in
downtown when the Second District was
opened in 1887.[29] In 1925, the historical
and traditionally styled station in
Pasadena was opened.[29] Originally, the
Second District was an invaluable line; it
served manufacturing and agricultural
businesses throughout the entire San
Gabriel Valley. But longer trains had great
difficulty climbing the precipitous 2.2%
grade at Arroyo Seco, between Pasadena
and Los Angeles, requiring the costly
addition of extra locomotives. The still-
used Third District opened in 1888, just a
year after the Second District, and rapidly
took over most of the longer freight
trains.[29]
The Second District and the Pasadena

Depot became well known; up to 26
passenger trains went through Pasadena
every day. To avoid the media in Los
Angeles, many celebrities chose to use
Pasadena as their main train station,
bringing it an association with old
Hollywood.[29][134]
Amtrak took over passenger rail

operations in 1971, serving Pasadena with
trains such as the Southwest Chief, Las
Vegas Limited, and Desert Wind. On
January 15, 1994, the final Southwest Chief
train arrived in Pasadena.[134] ATSF sold
the line between Los Angeles and San
Bernardino via Pasadena (known as the
"second division") following the 1994
Northridge earthquake which damaged a
bridge in Arcadia used by the line.[135]
(Now the Southwest Chief operates over
the transcon via Fullerton.) The LACMTA A
Line uses the right-of-way after rebuilding
the route to accommodate light rail in
2003. The old depot is still visible at the
Del Mar station, though it has since been
converted into a restaurant. Electrified
Light Rail was the preferred alternative to
Metrolink or similar style rail service due to
the city of Pasadena voting against any
further diesel locomotives traversing
through the city.[136] The construction of
the Gold Line also allowed the closure of
the former railroad crossing along
Colorado Boulevard which meant that
motorists and the Rose Parade would no
longer be hindered by trains.
Airports
Hollywood Burbank Airport in nearby

Burbank serves as the regional airport for
Pasadena. The airport is owned and
operated by the Burbank-Glendale-
Pasadena Airport Authority. The airport is
under the control of the governments of
the three cities named. Most destinations
from Hollywood Burbank Airport are within
the United States, so Los Angeles
International Airport and Ontario
International Airport are the major airports
that provide domestic and international
commercial service. Other nearby airports
with commercial service include Long
Beach Airport and John Wayne Airport.
Freeways and highways
Four freeways run through Pasadena, and

Pasadena is a control city for all of them.
The most important is the Foothill Freeway
(I-210) which enters the northwestern
portion of the city from La Cañada
Flintridge. The Foothill Freeway initially
runs due south, passing the Rose Bowl
before its junction with the Ventura
Freeway. At this interchange, the Foothill
Freeway shifts its alignment and direction,
becoming an east-west freeway, exiting
the city on its eastern boundary before
entering Arcadia. The Foothill Freeway
connects Pasadena with San Fernando
(westbound) and San Bernardino
(eastbound).
Foothill Freeway (I-210) as seen from

the Metro L Line Sierra Madre Villa
Station
The Ventura Freeway (SR 134) starts at

the junction of the Foothill Freeway (I-210)
at the edge of downtown Pasadena and
travels westward. This freeway is the main
connector to the Hollywood Burbank
Airport and the San Fernando Valley.
A spur of the controversial Long Beach

Freeway (SR 710 in Pasadena) is also
located in Pasadena. The Long Beach
Freeway was intended to connect Long
Beach to Pasadena but a gap, known as
the South Pasadena Gap, between
Alhambra and Pasadena has not been
completed due to legal battles primarily
involving the city of South Pasadena. The
spur starts at the junction of the Ventura
Freeway and Foothill Freeway and travels
south along the eastern edge of Old
Pasadena with two exits for Colorado
Boulevard and Del Mar Boulevard before
ending at an at-grade intersection with
California Boulevard. Efforts to complete
the Long Beach Freeway were met with
strong opposition, including the possibility
of using advanced tunneling technologies
to overcome objections.[137] The gap will
no longer be constructed, with the $780
million earmarked for constructing the gap
now allocated towards local infrastructure
improvements.[138] Pasadena is currently
exploring options on the future of the
spur.[139]
Colorado Street Bridge seen from the
Arroyo Seco below
The Arroyo Seco Parkway (SR 110), also

known as the Pasadena Freeway, was the
first freeway in California, connecting Los
Angeles with Pasadena alongside the
Arroyo Seco and is the primary access to
Downtown Los Angeles. The freeway
enters the southern part of the city from
South Pasadena. Only one exit is actually
inside city limits, the southbound exit
connecting to State Street with access to
Fair Oaks Avenue. At Glenarm Street, the
freeway ends and the four-lane Arroyo
Parkway continues northward to Old
Pasadena.
Three state highways enter the city of

Pasadena. Arroyo Parkway (SR 110),
maintained by the city of Pasadena, runs
from the termination of the Pasadena
Freeway at Glenarm Street to Colorado
Boulevard in Old Town Pasadena. While
Arroyo Parkway continues north two more
blocks, SR 110 ends at Holly Street.
Rosemead Boulevard (formerly SR 19) is a

state highway in unincorporated Pasadena
from Huntington Drive to Foothill
Boulevard.
An obscure portion of the Angeles Crest
Highway (SR 2) in the San Gabriel
Mountains cuts through Pasadena near
the Angeles Crest Ranger Station. This 2-
mile (3.2 km) stretch of highway in the
Angeles National Forest is north of La
Cañada Flintridge and west of Mount
Wilson and is approximately 3,000 feet
(910 m) in elevation.
Historic U.S. Route 66 ran through

Pasadena until it was decommissioned in
1964. The historic highway entered
Pasadena from the east on Colorado
Boulevard and then jogged south on
Arroyo Parkway before becoming part of
the Pasadena Freeway (SR 110).
The intersection of Fair Oaks Avenue and

Colorado Boulevard in Old Pasadena is the
zero-zero, east-west, north-south postal
division of Pasadena.
Notable people
See List of people from Pasadena,
California
Wildlife
Pasadena has a large, non-indigenous
population of naturalized parrots.
According to the "Parrot Project of Los
Angeles",[140] the parrots are of at least six
species.[141][142][143] Some residents have
come to enjoy the birds as part of the
city's unique culture,[144][145] while others
consider them to be loud pests. There are
many theories explaining how the parrots
came to inhabit Pasadena.[146] A widely
accepted story is that they were part of the
stock that were set free for their survival
from the large pet emporium at Simpson's
Garden Town on East Colorado Boulevard,
which burned down in 1959.[142][147]
Sister cities
Pasadena has six sister cities as noted by
Sister Cities International (SCI):[148]
Ludwigshafen, Rhineland-Palatinate,
Germany (1948) pre-dates Sister Cities
International which was formed in 1956
Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan (1957)
Järvenpää, Finland (1983)
Vanadzor, Armenia (1991)
Xicheng District, Beijing, China (1999)
Dakar-Plateau, Senegal (2019)
The following are Friendship Cities:

Kasukabe, Japan (1993) and Paju,
Gyeonggi, South Korea (2009)
Photo gallery
Courtyard of Pasadena City Hall

People of Pasadena celebrating the opening
of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley
Railroad with a parade on September 30,
1886, on Colorado Street
Colorado Boulevard in 1890, then named
Colorado Street. Looking east to Marengo
Avenue. Horse-drawn wagons displaying
America flags, maybe a July 4 parade.
1890 Horse-drawn streetcar on Colorado
Street and Oakland in Pasadena
1913 view looking north at the Colorado

Street Bridge under construction and the
Scoville Bridge behind.
1914 Colorado Street Bridge just completed,
and the Scoville Bridge, that a flood washed
away later.
Pasadena City College

Rose Bowl
Throop Hall at Caltech 1912

Raymond Hotel 1901-1934.
California Cycleway and Hotel Green 1904

1894 Los Angeles & Pasadena Railway
Company parlor car. The parlor car was
designed exclusively for scenic excursions to
Pasadena and Altadena and the Balloon
Route.
1908 Raymond and Fair Oaks Pasadena,
with the Street Car Rail on both streets, with
Pasadena National Bank building.
Pasadena Schools float in 1922 Rose Bowl

Parade
Pasadena High School
Caltech entrance at 1200 E California Blvd.
On the left is East Norman Bridge Laboratory
of Physics and on the right is the Alfred
Sloan Laboratory of Mathematics and
Physics.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory entrance
Pasadena Playhouse
Pasadena Civic Auditorium
Sierra Madre Boulevard in Lamanda Park,

Pasadena and San Gabriel Mountains in
eastern Pasadena
Norton Simon Museum
Rose Parade float with white coat volunteer

USS Pasadena (SSN-752), Los Angeles-class
submarine
USS Pasadena (CL-65), Cleveland-class light

cruiser
See also
Greater
Los
Angeles
portal
Largest cities in Southern California

List of cities and towns in California
National Register of Historic Places
listings in Pasadena, California
USS Pasadena, 3 ships
Explanatory notes
A The number of people counted
statistically in demographics will
sometimes exceed 100% because some
Hispanics and Latinos identify as both
White and Hispanic.[149] See Race and
ethnicity in the United States Census.
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Further reading
Winter, Robert (2009). "Pasadena,
1900–1910: The Birth of Its Culture".
Southern California Quarterly. 91 (3):
295–318. doi:10.2307/41172481 (http
s://doi.org/10.2307%2F41172481) .
JSTOR 41172481 (https://www.jstor.or
g/stable/41172481) .
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related
to Pasadena, California.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for
Pasadena.
Official website (https://www.cityofpasa
dena.net/)
"Early Views of Pasadena" (http://watera
ndpower.org/museum/Early_Views_of_
Pasadena.html)
Pasadena Museum of History (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20081220162700/h
ttp://www.pasadenahistory.org/index.ht
ml)
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Pasadena,_California&oldid=1164727369"
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Pasadena (/ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/ PAS-ə-DEE-nə) is a

Clockwise: Pasadena City Hall; The Langham

Location in Los Angeles County and the

Country United States

Its population was 138,699 at the 2020

The original inhabitants of Pasadena (from

The native people lived in thatched, dome-

The Spanish first colonized the Los

Manuel Garfias, the last

In 1821, Mexico became independent of

Prior to the American conquest of

View of Pasadena c. 1898

In 1873, Wilson was visited by Dr. Daniel

At the time, the Indiana Colony was a

The former Hotel Green in 1900.

The popularity of the region drew people

Downtown Pasadena, c. 1910

The first of the great hotels to be

The American Craftsman era in art and

The California Institute of Technology

The Second World War proved to be a

In the 1950s, Pasadena saw a steady

The American Academy of Dramatic Arts,

Downtown Pasadena in 1945

In 1969, the Pasadena Unified School

Downtown Pasadena became dangerous

In 2014, several arrests were made

Hahamongna Watershed Park

The greater Pasadena area is bounded by

Climate chart (explanation)

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Pasadena has a Mediterranean climate

By May and June, rain is typically sparse,

The average highest temperature recorded

Climate data for Pasadena, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present

Situated at the base of the San Gabriel

The official NOAA weather station for the

White 48.4% 55.8% 57.3% 79

Asian 18.1% 14.3% 8.1% 2.

The 2010 United States Census[44]

The Census reported that 133,629 people

St. Andrew's Church, part of

There were 55,270 households, out of

There were 59,551 housing units at an

According to the 2010 United States

During 2015–2019, Pasadena had a

Shops in Old Pasadena

Old Town Pasadena spans 21 blocks

Paseo Colorado is an open-air mall that

The Rose Bowl Flea Market is a large swap

According to the City's 2018

1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 6,197

2 California Institute of Technology 3,900

3 Huntington Memorial Hospital 3,737

4 Kaiser Permanente 3,152

5 Pasadena City College 2,619

6 Pasadena Unified School District 2,420

7 City of Pasadena 2,139

8 Bank of America 1,410

9 Art Center College of Design 1,177

11 Western Asset 573