Demographic Transition Model
Large numbers of children
become a financial burden
rather than an asset.
Population momentum will
cause a period of high growth
because it takes at least one
generation for people to adjust
to reduced infant mortality.
Total fertility rates are high.
More time is spent pursuing
education and availability of
birth control allows people to
have smaller families.
Total fertility rates decrease
due to increased education
opportunities for women.
Country- US
Growth rate begins to decline
Growth rate is low
Growth rate is low or zero
Post Industrial
High levels of affluence and
economic development. High
numbers of elderly people may
create a tax burden.
Life expectancy is short and
infant mortality rates are high.
Family planning is limited even
with improved medical care.
Replacement level fertility rates
approach 2.
Country- Italy
Growth rate is zero or negative
Growth rate is very high
Country- Congo
To compensate for high
Phase I infant mortality, the
population experiences high
birth rates.
The population grows very
Phase 2 slowly or remains at a stable
growth rate because of high
death rates and high birth
rates.
Population grows rapidly
Phase 3 because birth rates are high
and death rates drop due to
improved medical care,
sanitation and food
production.
Population growth begins to
Phase 4 slow as birth rates decline
and death rates remain low.
Pre-Industrial Low birth rates and low
death rates cancel each other
out.
Transitional Life expectancy is high.
Industrial Population numbers decline
as birth rates fall below death
rates.
Often a subsistence economy Country- Lesotho
where child labor is valued CBR= 25/ CDR= 23
and increased family size is
an economic advantage.