Yoruba Intermediate Course - Texts

YORUBA
Intermediate Texts
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YORUBA: INTERMEDIATE TEXTS
PREFACE
The recorded texts which this volume accompanies are intended for use
after an introductory Yoruba textbook and be fore or along with such a course as
Wolffs Second-Year Yorubo. Emphasis is on developing vocabulary andfluencyo
The content of the texts was chosen with special regard to the needs of Peace
Corps Volunteers, but it should also be of interest to other students of Yorubao
The book was produced during the summer of 1966, when Mro McClure was
an intern linguist on the staff of the Foreign Service Ins tituteo Director of the
project was Earl Wo Stevick, who suggested the format and served as occasional
consultanto Irma C Ponce and Betty Painter typed and assembled the camera
copy" Recordings were made in the FSI studios under the direction of Gary Alley"
Karen Courtenay of U"CLAo provided special assistance;n readying three of the
texts for publicationo
Most of the cost of this project was underwritten by the Peace Corpso
~R£Ji
]ames Ro Frith, Dean
School of Language Studies
Foreign Service Institute
Department of State

Introduction
This course is based on a series of brief monologs, recorded

impromptu by John o. Oyewale, a western-educated native speaker of
Yoruba from the QY9 area. It is intended for students who have
already had an introduction to the language. The central part of
the course is the recordings 7 these printed materials are meant
to be used in supplementary and auxiliary function.
The distinctive characteristic of this series of monologs is

the degree to which they overlap one another. Overlapping is of
two kinds. First, there are several monologs on each general
topic. Second, each monolog (with one exception) is presented
two or three times, with minor variations in each version. Thus,
recurrence of grammar and vocabulary is built into the materials
without destroying their spontaneity and authenticity.
The topics themselves were chosen for their relevance to the

interests of a person -- especially a Peace Corps Volunteer --
who expects to use Yoruba in Nigeria. The information given is
intended to be factual. Some topics involve comparison of former
times with the present. For others (notably 11, 12, 14, 17, 19 -
26, 29 - 30, 32 - 33) the speaker was asked to talk within the
framework of traditional times and customs. In general, the
material is slanted for those who are working in less westernized
settings.
Each tape recorded mono log is followed by questions relating

to it. In the book, each version of each monolog is presented in
a number of different ways.
On the fourth tape (32 - Supplement) ,there are two kinds of

supplementary materials which are not represented in the textbook.
The first consists of two conversations. The second consists of
additional monologs.
The spelling and orthography used are for the most part
standard Yoruba writing. The object pronoun and possessive modi-
fier pronoun for third person plural are written nWQn here.
Students accustomed to a phonemic orthography should note that
third person singular object pronouns are indicated in writing by
placing a -over the vowel of the verb. The system for marking
tones uses five symbols:
for high or predictaBle rising glide after low
for low or predictable falling glide after high
for low-rising glide
ii

for high-falling glide.

/
for mid in words spelled with a - , such as s~ 'do it.'
Elsewhere, mid tone is unmarked.
This system, while not always phonetically accurate, is con-

sidered adequate for an intermediate level student. Certain words
are not marked for tone. There are:
dad~ = daadaa arun = -"" .....

oorun
\ v- A"'"
papa = paapaa rna = maa
nal~ = baal~
bale = baale
Placing both ~ and a single tone mark ove~ a vowel symbolizes

a two-mora vowel with level pitch, such as in Awe [aawe). A
knowledge of subject tone rise, juncture between noun and posses-
sive pronoun, and juncture between noun and consonant-initial noun
is assumed on the part of the student.
Suggestions to the student for using the materials without a tutor.
1. Listen to a version of one monolog several times

before looking at it in the textbook. Find out what
you can already comprehend.
2. Study the written materials as necessary to learn the

vocabulary and sentence structures used.
3. Listen until you can easily comprehend everything

you hear.
4. Using the pause or stop mechanism on your tape

recorder, mimic each sentence or phrase-group
until smooth, accurate production is easy.
5. Again using the pause or stop control, let the

recorder dictate the text to you as you transcribe
it.
6. Read aloud the two copies of the speech with words

blanked out, filling in the blanks orally as you
read.
iii

7. Mark tones on the copy you wrote as a dictation

exercise, stopping the recorder as necessary. Check
your marking with the marks in the book. Remember
that repeating before marking is usually very helpful.
8. Answer the questions on the tape, using the stop or

pause mechanism.
9. Answer any remaining questions in the book.
Suggestions for using the materials with a tutor.
You should first carry out the steps listed above. Then:
1. The tutor may ask additional questions.
2. Ask questions of the tutor, without use of the

written copy, immediately following the tutor's
reading or reciting of the speech.
3. Complete statements begun by the tutor.
4. Give an English equivalent for any statement given

by the tutor. After all versions of a speech have
been studied, the tutor should vary the statements
from those in the book. (The degree of change
should be limited only by your own ability.)
5. Give a brief, somewhat formal speech to the instruc-

tor. When possible, this should be recorded and the
tutor should help you evaluate it. Request him
to comment not only on grammar and pronunciation,
but upon total communication effectiveness.
Experimental f€atures of this book.
The substance of this book is simply a series of brief, over-

lapping texts, presented on the tape and in four printed versions
each in the book. These oral texts should give the student ample
material for developing comprehension skills within the limits of
style and vocabulary inherent in the monologs.
Further, the two different kinds of blank filling (marking

tones and supplying the omitted words or phrases) should be an
effective substitute for sheer memorization for many students.
This is the second experimental feature of the text.
iv

Finally, the mechanical process of producing the required

four copies of the Yoruba is in itself an experiment. From one
corrected typed page, four copies of the Yoruba (and one each of
the English and the questions) were made, using the Xerox 914
Copier. Words were first crossed out by Mr. Oyewale, then covered
by a typist using gummed correction labels on which hyphens had
been typed. The English and the questions were copied in order to
try to achieve a more uniform appearance in the final photographic
reproduction of the book. Thus, a considerable amount of typing,
proof reading and correction was avoided.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS
JOHN O. OYEWALE was born at Awe, a town near Oyo, and spent
his early childhood in Lagos, where his parents were working. At
the age of six he returned to Awe, where he received his elementary
education. He then went to Tede, near Shaki, to take up an ap-
pointment as a probationary teacher for three years. After
resigning this post, he attended the Baptist Teachers Training
College at Iwo, where he spent five years. He was sent to teach
in a Baptist school at Ihiagwa in OWerri Province (Eastern Region)
where he stayed for two years. He was later transferred to teach
at Ilaro, near Abeokuta, remaining there for four years. During
his last six years before coming to the United States, he was in
Ibadan, first as a school teacher and then as headmaster.
In 1960, Mr. Oyewale came to the United States to major in

English. He holds the Bachelor's degree from Virginia Union Uni-
versity, and the M. A. from Howard University.
H. DAVID McCLURE has an M. A. in Linguistics from Michigan

State University, where as a graduate student he was responsible
for conducting a course in Yoruba. He is presently on the faculty
of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pref ace i
Introduction ii
About the Authors vi
Page
Lagos - Text 1 1
Text 2 4
Text 3 6
Ibadan - Text 1 8
'rext 2 10
IfE:; - Text 1 13
Text 2 15
Text 3 17
9Y9 - Text 1 19
Text 2 22
Ogbom9shQ - Text 1 26
Text 2 29
Text 3 . 32
,-
AWff - Text 1 35
Text 2 38
Text 3 . 41
Travel from AW~ to Ibadan - Text 1 . 44
Text 2 ••••.•••.•••......••••• 46
Travel from Lagos to Ibadan by Train - Text 1 48
Text 2 51
Travel from Lagos to Ibadan by Road - Text 1 54
Text 2 57
The Hoe - Text 1 60
Text 2 63
Mortar and Pestle - Text 1 66
Text 2 69
The Cutlass - Text 1. 72
Text 2 75
Text 3 78
vii

Page
Garden - Text 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. . . . . . . . . ... 81

Text 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... 84
Rainy Seascn - Text 1 · . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Text 2 · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. ... 90
·.....
Text 3 . 93
Dry Season - Text 1 . . . . . . . . . . 96
Text 2 . . . . . . . . 99
Buying Food in 9Y i - Text 1 1 · .. .. . 102
Text 2 · . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 105
Food Preferences - Text 1 · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Text 2 · . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . 110
Text 3 · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Traditional Yoruba Meals - Text 1 ........................ 115
Text 2 . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .... 119
Having Company - Text 1 ... .. ... . . . .. . ... . ... . 122
Text 2 . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .... . .... . . . . . .. ..... 125
Menus and Mealtime - Supplementary Text . 128
S tr anger in Town - Text 1 . 132
Text 2 ·. . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . ..... 135
Text 3 ............................... 138
Women's Work at Horne - Text 1 · . . . . . . . . . .. . 141
Text 2 · . 144
Text 3 · . 147
Women's Work Outside the Home - Text 1 150
Text 2 154
Text 3 157
Men's Work at Home - Text 1 · . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ... . . . . . . . ... 160
Text 2 · .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 163
Text 3 · . 1666
Children's Work - Text 1 .. . 169
Text 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . 172
Some Modern Occupations - Text 1 . . . . . . . . 175
Text 2 . . . 178
viii

Page
Building Rapport - Text 1 · . 182
Text 2 · . 185
Text 3 · . 188
Yoruba Greetings - Text 1 · . 191
Text 2 · . 194
Text 3 · . 197
More About Yoruba Greetings - Text 1 · . . . . . . . . . .. . . 200
Text 2 · . . . .. . . . .. . . 203
Text 3 · . 206
Modern Greeting Customs - Text 1 · . 209
Text 2 · . 212
Being Tactful - Text 1 · . 215
Text 2 · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . . . . . 218
Text 3 · . 221
Instructions to a Child - Text 1 · . 224
Text 2 · . 227
Text 3 · . 230
Community Development - Text 1 · . 233
Text 2 · . 235
Text 3 · . 237
Poultry Raising - Text 1 · . 240
Text 2 · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .... .. . 243
Text 3 · ... . . . . .. . 246
Recommended Peace Corps Projects - Text 1 ................. 249
Text 2 252
ix

LAGOS-TEXT 1
Eko Je, olu 11u fun Na1J1r1a. Lagos lS the cap1tal C1ty of
N1ger1a.
Okun at'9sa wa l~ba Eko, ~ugb~n The ocean and the lagoon are
okun tOb1 JU ~sa 19. near Lagos, but the ocean
1S larger than the lagoon.
Awqn en1a P9 pup~ l'Eko. There are very many people 1n

• Lagos •
Eko ko J1nna pUP9 srAb~okuta. Lagos lS not very far from

Abeokuta.
Awon
•
en1a t'o wa l ' Eko J~ on1~owo • The people who are 1n Lagos are
traders.
. .
lae" agbe ko Sl tobe l'Eko. Farm1ng 18 almost nonex1stent
1n Lagos.
Awqn ara Eko f~ran fSJ1. The people of Lagos enJoy an

easy I1fe (h1gh I1v1ng,
pleasure) •

, , ,, / ,I / ,
Awon en1a t'o wa 1 'Eko" JEt
, / / ,I" / / '" I I' "- /
Eko Je, olu 11u fun Na1J1r1a. • on1~owo."
, "- ,
.. .
/ / 1 A /
.
, ",,"" / V ' / , / V
Okun at'9sa wa l~ba Eko, ~ugb~n rse agbe ko S1 tobe l'Eko.
"okun tob1 JU
/ '- "
~sa 19.
, ,
"
Awqn
/ V "
ara Eko feran faJ1.
/ /
"
Aw~n
",,"
en1a P9 PUP~
I''' /
l'Eko •
V
•
•
\ /, "" /, r/'/
Eko ko J1nna pUP9 s'Ab~okutae
Eko __ olu 11u • --- Je, -- fun Na 1J1r1a.
__________ wa
Okun at'9sa - .. -- ---,
okun _ ____ tOb1 JU -._- - ....
Aw~n en1a •
---- ----P9 PUP~ l'Eko.
___ ko J1nna pUP9 s' •

Eko -- ----- ---- s 'Abeokuta
• •
Aw~n en1a -- on1~owo. _______ ~t'o wa l'Eko JE( e
IqE( agb~ -- -- - ... --- 1 'Eko.

_______ ko S1 tob~ l' •
Awqn ara ---- .. fa JJ.. -- Eko f~ran •

1. Kinni elu i1u fun Naijiria?
2. Aw?n emi nla meji we ni e wa I~ba Eke?
3. Ewo ni 0 tobi ju ninu w?n?
4. .
Nje enia die, ni e ngbe Eke?
5. Ilu wo ni ke jinna PUp? si Eke?
6. Iru i~~ wo ni ?P?l?P? awpn ti e wa ni Eko n~e?
7. Bawo ni ise agbe

• f
tiRe
1 T
ri ni Eko?
8. lru igbe aiye wo ni aw?n ara Eke f~ran?

LAGOS-TEXT 2
Eko Je olu 1lu run NS1J1r1a • Lagos 1S the cap1tal c1ty of

• N1ger1a.
Okun at'~sa wa l~ba Eko, ~ugb9n The ocean and lagoon are near
Lagos, but the ocean 1S a
okun J1nna d1~ s'Eko JU 9 sa 19. l1ttle farther from Lagos
than the lagoon.
Odo okun kun run 1Y9. The ocean 15 full of salt.
Odo 9sa ko n'1Y9 pupq. The lagoon does not have a lot
of salt.
Ab~okuta ko J1nna pUP9 s'Eko. Abeokuta 18 not very far from

Lagos.
Ibadan J1nna d1~ s'Eko. Ibadan 1S a I1ttle d1stance from

Lagos.
Ilaro sunm9 Abyokuta JU'badan 1q_ 11aro 18 closer to Abeokuta than

Ibadan.
,
Odo 9 sa"- ko n'i19 pupq.
" ,
.,
.
~
....
pUP9" s 'Eko.
..... ...... ...... I... ' I .;'
"
Abeokuta kO J1nna
#
Okun at'~sa wa lyba Eko, ~ugb9n

" "......" #'" ",.."
okun J1nna d1 y s'Eko JU 9 sa 19-
.... ~ ...
., v
"
Ibadan "
J1nna d1e s'Eko.
•
, " ~ ,/ "-
ado okun kun run 119- , , , ,, , ....
~ ..... .....
"
Ilaro sunmo Abeokuta Ju'badan lq.
• •
4
Eko J~ run Na1J1r1a. olu 11u •
__________ wa
____ J1nna
l~ba
d1~ S'
Eko, ~ugb9n
_
Okun at'osa
okun
. -- ---- Eko , ------
s'Eko JU 9sa 19-
____ kun run 119. Odo okun
Odo 9sa ko • ko n'1Y9 puPq.
_------- __ J1nna pUP9 s'Eko. Abeokuta

•
ko s,
•
Ibadan d1~ s' • - J1nna s'Eko •
..
sunmo Abeokuta -------- • Ilaro
----- -------- JU'badan lq •
1. Kinni Eko je, fun Naijiria?
2. Ninu qsa ati okun ewo ni 0 sunm~ Eko ju?
3. Kinni odo okun kun fun?
4. Bawo ni "Ibadan ti~e jinna si Eko si?
5. Ninu Abeokuta ati Ibadan, ewo ni 0 sunmo Eko?

• .
6. I1u wo ni 0 sunmo, Abeokuta ju Ibadan 10?
•
•

LAGOS-TEXT 3
Eko J~ olu 11u run 11u Na1J1r1a. Lagos 1S the cap1tal C1ty of
N1ger1a.
Odo 9 sa at'okun wa l~ba Eko, ~ugb9n The lagoon and ocean are near
Lagos, but the ocean 1S
okun tob1 PUp~ J'9sa 1~. b1gger than the lagoon.
The ocean conta1ns salt.
The lagoon does not conta1n

as much salt as the ocean.
Abr0kuta ko J~nna s'Eko. Abeokuta 1S not far from Lagos.
Ibadan J1nna s'Eko JU Abpokuta lq. Ibadan 1S farther from Lagos

than Abeokuta.
Ilaro wa lar1n Abeokuta at'Eko • Ila~o 1S between Abeokuta and

• Lagos.
... '" ~~ , v
'. " "", ~ Ibadan J1nna s 'Eko JU Ab~okUta lq.
"" v ,
Odo 9sa at'okun wa l~ba Eko, ,ugb9n

okun tob1 P~P~ J'9 sa 19.
'''''' "/,,
Ilaro wa lar1n Abeokuta at'Eko •
.... , •
"
Odo okun
/
n1'" 1yq nlllu.
" '. , ....

" / J
"
Oss ~o n1 1yq to odo okun.
•
6

_____ olu 11u fun 11u • Eko Jy Na1J1r1a.
Odo 9sa at'okun Eko, ,ugbQn --- wa l~ba Eko,

okun J'Qsa l~e ____ tob1 pup~ __e
• Odo nl. nl.nUe
9sa __ __ l.yq __ odo okun. ko nl. to e
Abeokuta _____ e ________ ko stEko.

Jl.nna
•
Ibadan s'Eko JU _ _ J1nna Abrokuta lq •
•
______________ e
_____ wa Abeokuta
, at'Eko. Ilaro wa rar1n
1. Eko je
, -- fun Naijiria.
2. Nibo ni odo okun ati psa wa?
3. ,
Ninu odo okun ati osa, ewo ni 0 kere ju?
4. Iyot po ninu ju 10.
.
. - _ .
5. .
Bi ibuso lati Eko si Abeokuta ba je ogota,
, ibuso, lati Eko si..
Ibadan yio le si ni tabi yio din si ogota?
, .
6. Bawo ni I1aro ti,e wa 8i Abeokuta
t
ati Eko?

IBADAR'-TEX'! 1
Ibadan Je olu 11u tun 1J9 ba 1v9 Ibadan 1S the cap1tal C1ty ot
the government of the Western
orun Na1J1r1a. Prov1nces of N1ger1a.
0Jo a rna r? pUPq n'Ibadan. It usually ra1ns a lot 1n Ibadan.
L'aS1ko ~run n'Ibadan, orun a In the dry season 1n Ibadan, the

sun sh1nes a lot.
rna mu pUPq.
Ibadan Jy 11u t'o tob1 JU gbogbo Ibadan 1S the c1t'1 Wh1Ch 1S

b1gger than all other c1t1es
11u yoku 19 n1 Ba1JLr1a. 1n N1ger1a.
Ibadan n1 ohun t1 0 P9 JU Eko 1~ Ibadan has more ot handcratts

than Lagos.
n1nu 1~T qW9.
Ibadan tobl. pupo JU awon 1.1u

YOku 10 •
. . . Ibadan 18 very b1g, [and]
surpasses the other c1t1es.
•
;~"
Jy" " " tto tob1 JU gbogbo
',,, I ;, j "
...
Ibadan J~ olu 11u tun 1J9ba 1w9 Ibadan 11u
- " Na1J1r1a.
orun " " ,,' ... " 'oJ...
11u yom 19 n1 Ba1JLr1a.
,; ... , " ,"
" ,
,
..... ... / , ..........
....
.... ..... .... , ,
....
OJo a rna r? pupq n'Ibadan. Ibadan n1 ohun t1'" 0 P9 JU Eko 10
"
". •
nl.nu 1~T qW9.
~ ... " "" ,.... -" \.
L'as1ko ~run n'Ibadan, orun a

ma mu -
'" puPq.
...
" "
Ibadan
... "-
"
tob1
,
"
pUP9" JU aw~n ilu
YOku 10 •
•
8

Ibadan Je olu 11u 1W9 __ olu 1.1U 1J9 ba _

•
orun Na1J1rl.a. Na1J1r1a.
___ a rna ro n'Ibadan. OJo a n'Ibadan •

•
L'aS1ko -
n'Ibadan, orun a L'aS1ko ~run ,
puPq· ma mu •
Ibadan Jy --_ JU gbogbo 11u t'o tob1 JU _

11u yoku 19 n1 Na1J1rl.a. 10 n1 Na1J1r1a •
•
Ibadan n1 ohun t1 0 P9 JU __ Ibadan n1 __ _ __ JU Eko 1~

n1nu --- --_. n1nu 1se ..
tOb1 pUP9 JU ___ Ibadan ---- JU aw~n 11u
10.
I yoku 10. I
1. Da'ruk? olu ilu fun ij9ba iw? orun Naijiria.
2. Bawo ni 0)'0 se
•
nroI 8i ni Ibadan?
3. Se
I
apejuwe oju 9j9 ni aeiko ~run ni Ibadan.
4. Fi titobi Ibadan we awon ilu 'yoku ni Naijiria.

•
5. Kinni Ibadan ni ti 0 po ju ti Eko 19?
•

lBADAN-TEXT 2
Ibadan Jr olu 1Iu fun 1J9ba 1w9 Ibadan 1S the cap1tal c1ty of
orun Nal.Jl.r1a. the government of the Western
Prov1nces of N1ger1a.
Ibadan n1 0 tOb1 JU n1nu gbogbo It 15 Ibadan wh1ch 1S b1ggest

1Iu t1 0 wa n1 Na1J1r1a. of all the c1t1es Wh1Ch are
1n N1ger1a.
9Ja p~ pUP9 n'Ibadan. The markets ot Ibadan are very

plent1ful.
Ibadan ko J1nna pUP9 S1 ~agamu. Ibadan 1S not very far trom

Sagamu.
Ibadan ko tun J1nna S1 9Y~ at1 Ibadan 18 also not far from
Abeokuta • Oyo and Abeokuta.
•
9Ja t'o wa n'Ibadan P9 puPq JU The markets wh1ch are 1n Ibadan
t'1lu yoku 10. are very numerous, more than
t those of all the other c1t1es.
Ibadan Jy 1lu t'o n1 on1~owo puPq. Ibadan 1S a C1ty wh1ch has many
traders.
Awon
•
ara Ibadan Je, ologbon.
• 1 ,
The people ot Ibadan are W1se
(smart) •
10

ib~d~n Ji ol~ ilu tUn ~J9ba 1w9 Ib;d~n ko tUn Jinna 81 9Y~ atJ.
_.... ....", "' ...
orun Nal.Jl.rl.a. Abeokuta.
•
9J8 t'~ wa n,ib~dan P~ puPq JU
Ibadan nl. 0 tab1 JU ninu gbogbo
" ,
11u tl./ /0 wa.... n1
/ '" I':.J.."
Na1J1r1a •
t'11u yokU I?
.., ~ "
Ibad~n ko Jinna pUP9 81 ~agamu.
Ibadan J¥ --- --- tun 1J9ba 1w9 ------ J? olu 11u tun ___
orun Nal.JJ.r1a. -
o run Nal.JJ.r1a.
tob1 JU n1nu gbogbo

------ -- 0 Ibadan nJ. 0 __ n1nu gbogbo
________ n1 NaJ.J1r1a. t1 0 wa nJ. Na1J1r1a.
___ P~ pUP9 n' - 9Ja n'Ibadan.
------ ko Jl.nna PUP9 81 • Ibadan 81 Sagamu.

•
Jl.nna 81 9Yrr atl. Ibadan ko tun J1nna 81 _

Abeokuta •
•
9J8 t'o wa n'Ibadan JU
PCl pUPq JU
t'11u YOlm 10. t t'11u yoku 1<;>.
Ibadan n1 on1~owo puPq. Ibadan J~ 11u t'o n1 _ •
Awon ara Ibadan Je •

11
• •

1. Bawo ni Ibadan ti~e j~ fun ij?ba iwp orun Naijiria?
2. Ilu wo ni 0 tobi ju ni Naijiria?
3. .
Da'ruko nkan kan ti po pupo ni Ibadan.
"
0
4. Da'rukq ilu m~ta ti ko jinna si Ibadan.
5. ~e apejuwe aW9n ara Ibadan.
6. . . .
Iru awon osise wo 1'0 po ni Ibadan?
"
12

lFE - TEXT 1
•
Ile-If~ J~
11u t'o ~e patak1 PUP9 Ife 1S a C1ty of great 1mportance
fun awon Yoruba. to the Yoruba people.
•
Itan so, w1pe Yoruba bere lat1 Trad1t10n says the Yorubas
• • or1g1nated from Ife.
lIe-Ire.
•
Oduduwa l'en1 t1 0 se Yoruba s11e. Oduduwa 1S the person from whom

• • • •
the Yorubas have descended.
If~ J~ 1lu t'o tob1. Ife 18 a large C1ty.
•Opolopo
• • •
ere 1'0 wa n1 Ile-Ife.
• There are many p1ctoral
carv1ngs 1n Ire.
Opa Oranyan Je ohun tfo se patak1 Oranyan's staff 1S an 1mportant

• • • •
n1 Ile-Ife • th1ng J.n Ife.
•
Oduduwa t'o ~~ Yoruba s11~

en1a t1 0 se patak1 •
J' Oduduwa from whom the Yorubas
descended 1S an 1mportant
• person.
'" ' / ' "'"

Ile-If~ J~ 11u t'o ~e
" .... ,
patak1 PUP9 / ....... "', ", .... '" / '\
•Opolopo
• • •
ere 1'0 wa n1 Ile-Ife.
•
rUn awon
•
YorUba •
It~n so, wipe Yoruba bere lat1 Op~ Or;ny~n J~ ohun tfo se pataki
• • • •
, " •'\
•
'"
lIe-Ire. '\ nJ. Ile-Ife.
• •
,,' "' ..... / .... Oduduwa t'o, ~y Yorub~ '" y" J~
......' s11
Oduduwa l'en1 ti 0 se Yoruba s1le.
/
• • • • en18 ti 0 se patak1.
•
13 Hosted for free on livelingua.com

IIe- Ir y JE( 1Iu t '0 -- ------ pUP9 lle-Iry JE( 1Iu t'o ~e patak1 pUP9
.
fun awon Yoruba. fun •
Itan 89 w1pe lat1 Yoruba bere lat1

lIe-Ire.
• •
• lIe-Ire •
•
1'~n1 t1 0 s11
r e Oduduwa l'en1
, t1 0 ..
se ------ -----
If~ JE( 1Iu t'o e _____ 11u two tob1.
1'0 wa n1 Ile-Ife.
, . .
Opolopo
, , I '0 wa n1 - •
__________ J~ ohun t'o ~e patak1 ppa Oranyan Je __ _ 1
n1 lIe-Ire.
•• •
• n1 Ile-Ife •
•
Oduduwa t'o ~~ J~
Oduduwa t'o ~E( Yoruba s11 y J~
en1a t1 0 se patak1.
• ------ .
1. lru ilu wo ni lle-lfet je fun awon Yoruba?
.
' •
2. Kinni itan so, nipa isedale

, awon
, Yoruba? .
3. Tani 0 ,.
se awon Yoruba sile?
,
4. lfeI kere ni tabi 0 tobi?
5. Da'ruk9 aW9n nkan ti 0 P? ni lle-If~.
6. Kinni 0 ~e pataki ti a Ie ri ni Ile-If~~
14

IrE, - TEXT 2
lr~ Jy 1lu t'o fe patak1 pUP9 n1nu Ire 1S a C1ty of great 1mportance
1tan Yoruba. 1n Yoruba trad1tl.on.
Oduduwa n1 ~n1 t'o se

• •
awan
T
Yoruba Oduduwa 1S the person from whom
.
s11e • the Yorubas have descended.
ppa 9ranyan J¥ ohun t1 0 ~e patak1 The staff of Oranyan 1S an

lat1 r1 n1 lIe-Ire • 1mportant thl.ng to see 1n lie.
•
. . ..
On1 n1 oruko, oba lIe-Ire 'Je. On1 1S the tl.tular name of the
ruler of Ife.
Awon . ,
, ara lIe-lie k1 saba kola. The people of Ire usually do
not have fac1al mark1ngs.
lr~ J~ 1lu t1 0 lok1k1 pupp n1nu Ire 15 a c1ty of great fame l.n
aw~n Na 1Jl.rl.a. all N1ger1a.
., .
Awon ara lIe-Ire Je on1se, o.wo. , The people or Ife are craftsmen.
Ir~ J~ ~lu t'o ,e patak1 pUP9 n1nu

itsn Yoruba.
Oduduwa n1 ~nl. t'~ f~ aW9n Yoruba . . ...,

Awon ara Ile-Ife ki saba kola.
,
/" "
sfle •
•
Cpa Oranyan Je ohun ti 6 se patak1

• • • •
lat1 r~ ni Il~-Ife •
•
.' .
Awon ara lIe-Ire J~ onise o,w6.
, ,
--- -- 1Iu t'o ~e patak1 pUP9 n1nu If~ Jy 1Iu t'o ~e -- PUP9 n1nu
1tan ------. Yoruba.
Oduduwa n1 e.n1 t'o se n1 ~n1 t'o __ aW9n Yoruba

••
s11e.
, s11e.
•
Opa Oranyan Je ohun t1 0 .

••
---- -- n1
•
Ile-Ife. . --- ---- Jy ohun t1
---- __ n1 lIe-Ire.
•
0 ~e patak1
On1 n1 lle-Ife 'Je.

• • • ___ n1 orukp ~ba --- --- 'JY.
---- --- lIe-Ire• ki saba kola.

• Aw~n ara Ile-If~ ki •
___ __ t1 0 lok1k1 PUP? n1nu Ire Je 11u t1 0 n1nu

awon Na1J1r1a. • •
• awon Na1J1r1a •
•
Awon ara on1~~ qwq. Awon ara Ile-If -
r J~
1. Da'ruko, ilu ti 0 .
se pataki ninu itan Yoruba.
2. Tani Oduduwa je?

,
3. Nibo ni 9pa Oranyan wa?
•
4. Kinni oruko oye oba Ile-If~?
5.
• •
Nje awon ara lle-lfe a rna saba kola?
• • •
- ..."
•
6. lse wo ni awon ara lle-lfe, n~e?
I I
•
16

IFlJ - TEXT .3
Ir~ J~
11u t1 0 ,e patak1 PUp? n1nu Ife 1S a c1ty of great 1mportance
awon 1tan Yoruba • 1n the trad1t10ns of the Yorubas.
•
Oduduwa n1 ~n1 t1 1tan 89 wipe 0 ,~ Oduduwa 1S the person from whom,
Yoruba 511e. accord1ng to trad1t10n, the
• Yorubas have descended •
ppa 9ranyan J~ ohun t1 0 ~e patak1 The staff of Oranyan 15 an

lat1 r1 n1 lIe-Ire. 1mportant th1ng to see 1n Ife.
e
-
O
•
n1 n1 oruko• nba
i
lIe-Ire• 'Je.
• On1 1S the t1tular name of the
ruler of Ife.
tfI'IV
Awon ara lIe-Ire k1 saba kola. The people of Ire usually do not
• • • have fac1al mark1ngs.
Awon ara lIe-Ire kun tun 1se o,wo.

• • •• • The people of Ire are fond of
craft work.
lIe-Ire Je 1Iu t1 0 dara. Ire 1S a n1ce C1ty.

• •
/'1
If~ J¥ 1Iu t1 0 ,e patak1 PUp? n1nu
" ",. •
II '" /, II
-On1 nJ. oruko, oba
I'
•
/
•
,.
lIe-Ire"
•
'Je.
•
awon 1tan
\.
Yoruba
•
, " kl." saba kola. /~
" I"~ /I'/
/
Awen ara lIe-Ire "
Oduduwa n1 ~n1 t1 1tan s9 w1pe 0 ,~ • • •
, /' /
Yoruba 511e •
•
' I 'Oranyan
/" / ohun t1,. 0/ ,e patak1
'"
,
. / '\
AweD ara lIe-Ire• kun fun 1se, qwq. . / /
.
Opa
/' /
lat1 r1 n1 lIe-Ire.
,
/
J~
/ ,
/ \ /\ / // /
lIe-Ire Je 1Iu t1 0 dara.
• •
17
YORUBA: INTERMEDIATE TEX'I'S
--- -- ---. t~ 0 ~e PUp? n1nu lfy Jy ~Iu t~ 0 ~e patak1 PUp? n1nu

awan ~tan Yoruba. ____ Yoruba •
•
Oduduwa n1 ~n1 t1 ---- -- -___ 0 ,~ ------- -- ~n1 t1 ~tan s9 W1pe 0 ~~

Yoruba s1Ie.
• ------ ---- .
--- ------- ohun t1
J~ 0 __ _ _ Opa Je ohun t1 0 se patak1
• • •
Iat1 r1 n1 lIe-Ire.
t
---- -- n1 lIe-Ire. f
-
On1 n1 oruko
• • --- --- 'Je.
•
oba lIe-Ire 'Je.
• • •
-- .~ __ k1 saba kola.
~
Awon ara lIe-Ire k1 •
• • •
Aw?n kun fun ___ • Awon ara lIe-Ire

• •
lIe-Ire Je 11u t1 • lIe-Ire Je dara.

• • • •
1. Ife je ilu ninu awon itan Yoruba.

• • •
2. ni eniti itan so wipe
I
•
0 se awon Yoruba aile.
•• f .
3. Tani 9ni je?
•
4. je ohun ti
I
0 se pataki lati ri ni lle-lfe.
• •
5. Iru ilu wo ni lle-lfe je?
•
•
6. Kinni awon ara Ile-lfe kI saba se?
• t •
18

OYO - TEXT 1
I •
. Yoruba.
.
Oyo je, ilu ti 0
.
se pataki ni ile . Oyo is an important town in
Yoruba land.
Awon ilu ti 0 wa yika Oyo ni Awe, The towns that surround Oyo are
• I • ,
Awe, Akinmorin, Fiditi and
.
Akinmorin, Fiditi ati Shaki. Shaki •
Awon onise owo po pupo ni 9Yo. There are many traders in Oyo.
t " ' " , .,
~ango ni oba
, ti 0 ~e pataki ni Shango was an important king
in Dyo.
Py?·
lIe kan ti a npe ni Atiba je ile A building that we call 'Atiba'

I
is a building which is very
ti 0 tobi pUP9 nibe.
I big there.
Igba gbigb~ ati aworan P? PUP9 Carving of calabashes and drawings

are very numerous (common) in
ni 9yq. Oyo.
Ak~san ni oja ti 0 tobi pupo larin Akesan is the market which is

• • very big in Oyo.
pyo.
• •
Awon ara Oyo feran lati ma 10 The people of Oyo love to go to

• • I • •
the farm, and they like to
s'oko, nw?n si f~ran lati rna dance in the market when it
.
jo ni oja nigbat'o ba di ojo...
ale. I
. becomes evening.
910 je ilu ti ko jinna pupo si Oyo is a town which is not very

" I I
far from Ibadan.
Ibadan.
19

Oyo
, , je,
....
Yoruba.
ilu t! ;, se
I'
' patakl n! ile . , , ...
< ... ,
n1 9yq.
/' ' ...... / ",
Igba gbigb~ ati aworan P? pUP9
, ,;,;'/, 1/, / ,1../

Awon ilu ti 0 wa yika Oyo n1 AW" Ak~san ni ~ja ti
" " , .I
6 t6bi pup~ larin
'" ,..
,,,,~, , ... , , " /
Akinmorin,
, Fiditi ati Shaki. ... "
9Yo.
t I
" "" , ... ,

Awc;>n oni;;7 ~'? p? pup~ ni 9Y9.
/ ' ....
AW9n ara 9Y9 frran lati rna 19
,/ " /' '" -
s'oko, nw~n s! f,ran lat~ rna
....
~ango
" ni oba ti
'" ;'
0 ~e
.........
pataki ni
/
jo nl oj~ nlgbat'o d1 oj~ ba
I • ,
... I'
P¥9· ale. I
I"'" ," '1/ ' / ... , , , , .... /,,,

,
lIe kan ti a npe ni Atiba
I , / '-
J~ 1 e 9Y9 j~ ilu ti ko jinna puP9 8i
ti/ "0 tobi
/ "
pUP9 "' ...
nib~. Ibadan.
Oyo
, je ilu ti..
-----_.
0
.
se p'ataki __ ___ I
ni 9yq.
ati aworan PC;> PUP9
Awon ilu ti . 0 __ - ni Awe,

, ni oja ti. 0 pupo larin
Akinm~rin, Fiditi ati Shaki. ~
9Yo.
t I
Awon
, p? pup~ ni 9Y9. Awon ara Oyo feran lati rna 10
I '" 4
s' , nw?n si f~ran lati rna

ni oba
, ti 0 ni _______ nigbat' 0 ba di ~j~
pyo.
4 •
ale.I
lIe kan ti a npe __ _ _ je ile 9Y9 j~

ilu ti ko 8i
•
ti 0 tobi pUP9 nib~. Ibadan.
20

ti 0 se p'ataki ni ile Igba gbig~ ati ------ P9 PUP9

• •
Yoruba. ni Oyo.
• •
Awon
•
i1u ti 0 wa yika QYo
I •
ni __-. Ak¥san ni ti 0 _ __ ~ 1irin
_________., Fiditi ati Shaki.
9Yo.
• •
Awon onise 0'110 ____ ni 9Y9. AW9n ara 9Y9 ----- ---- -- __
• ••• • I
s' , nw~n si f~ran 1ati rna

~ango ni _ __ pataki ni jo ni 9ja nigbat'o ba di pj~
P¥? ale.
I
___ __- ti a npe ni Atiba j~ ___ __ ilu ti ko jinna puP9 8i

ti 0 pupaT ·nibe.
• ------ .
1. Nibo ni ilu Oyo, wa? .

2. .
Awon ilu wo ni o. yi Oyo
, , ka?
3. Awon
T
onise
, ,
wo ni 0 po" pupo ni 9Yo,?
4. Da'ruko• okan
,
ninu awon
I .
oba ti 0 se
•
pataki ni Oyo.
• •
5. Iru ile wo ni Atiba j~?
6. Aworan ati kinni 0 P9 PUp? ni Py??

7. qja wo ni 0 tobi pup~ larin 9Y??
8. na'ruko nkan meji ti awon ara Oyo feran lati ma s.e.
• ••• •
-
9. Nje Oyo jinna pupo si Ibadan?
• I , •
21

,
OYO .
- TEXT 2
Oyo je ilu ti 0 se pataki pupo

• , I • •
Oyo is a town which is very
l important in western Nigeria.
ni igboro iwo, orun Naijiria.
AW9n ara 9y? f~ran lati rna gbT The people of Oyo love to carve
igba ati ise o.na. calabashes and [they like the]
I I act of embroidery.
2
Afin ni ile ti 0 tobi pUP9 ni The palace is a very big
Oyo. building in oyo.
I I
Atiba tun j~ ile kan ti 0 ~e Atiba is also a very important

pataki ni igboro 9Y9. building in oyo.
Qja ti aW9n enia f~ran lati rna The market where the people like
na ni 9Y9 ni a npe ni Ak~san.
to trade in Oro is what we
call 'Akesan.
9ango ni 9ba ti 0 j~ eni ti 0 se 3 Shango was a king that founded

I , • Oye (new oye).
Oyo
t I
do.
l/ni igboro iWQ orun Naijiria/ means 'in all of

western Nigeria. '
2/ ilu/ was corrected to /ile/.
3 It should be either /,~ ••• sil~/ or /t, ••• do/,

but not /,~ ••• do/ as it is.
22
Ni agbegbe Oyo awon agbe po pupo. . . , . . . . I

In the vicinity of Oyo farmers
are very numerous.
Iseyin, Shaki, Awe ni awon ilu ti

I I • •
Iseyin, Shaki and Awe are the
towns that surround Oyo.
nwon yi Oyo ka.
. I'
AW9n ara 9Y9 fTran lati rna jo ni The people of Oyo love to
dance in the evening.
owo ale.
" .
" , \ ' / ,/ / " " , I '\

"
,
?Y9 j~ ilu ti 0 ~e pataki pUP9 ~ango
/
ni 9ba t{ " j~" eni ti"
( ). b ~ , .,.. " ,,,. ( {'\ , 0
•
0 ~~
n1 19 oro 1WO orun Na1J1r1a •
• 9Y?" "
do.
,
AW9n ara QY? f~ran lati rna gb
. b/
19 " · 1se
a at1 . I ona.
I' t
,
/' / "" '" I"
T
f" \,
N1 agbegbe Oyo "
, awon
•
,
.
\, I
"agbe" po pupo
• • ...
•
\, ,I
.
\
'I) /...!/ /\ 'II

~ • ./ 1",/; "\"
Isey~n,
I I
Shaki, Awe ni awon ilu ti
• •
Afin ni 1le ti 0 tobi pUP9 ni I
" nwon yi' Oyo
\, " "
ka.
Oyo.I I
/
• ••
,,' Awon ara oy~ f~r~n l~ti ma j~ n{
,/ ; , /
j~
//
~e • •••
Atiba tun
patak1
'\
ni 19boro "" /,
ile kan ti
'9Yq.
"
0
'. ./
owo ale.
/
, /" '''\' I '\ ./

9ja ti aW9n en1a f~ran lati rna
na n1
/ (9Y9
" "n1. 'a npe
/' /";
n1 Ak~san.
23

Oyo je• ilu ti 0 se pataki pupa•

--- -- --- -- - -- ------ pUP9 •
ni
I
igooro -- • _
ni igboro iwo orun Nai)"iria
I •
____________ feran lati rna gbe

AW9n ara 9y? fyran lati rna gbe, , ,
--~- --- -~- ~-~. igba ati ise ona.
l' •
----ni ile ti 0 -- ni - ni ile ti 0 tobi pUP9 ni

Oyo.
I •
.. ........
----- ---j~ ile kan ti 0 se Atiba tun j~ -' ti 0 ~e

t
pataki ni 9yq. ______ ni igboro QY9.
--- ti awon enia feran

, . _ Oja ti awon enia ----- lati rna
I
na ni 919
•
•
-- ni 9Y9 ni a npe ni Akesan • .
----- -- ti 0 jy ~ni ti 0 ~~ 9an g o ni 9ba -------------_ 0 ~~
Oyo do. Oyo
I •
do.
I •
Ni agbegbe Oyo -___ _

.. po pupa
, ..' . Ni ----------- awon agbe po pupo. I " . . I
------, Shaki, ni awon ilu ti ______ , ------, --_ ni awon ilu ti

• •
nwon yi Oyo ka. nwon yi Oyo ka.
I •• • ••
Awon ara Oyo feran lati rna )"0 AW9n ara 9Y9 fTran ---- -- __ ni
• •••
....... _--" _ ... _e owo
't
ale• •
24

1. .. .-
Iru i1u wo ni Oyo je, ni igboro iwo orun Naijiria?
2.
. .
Lehin igba gbigbe, kinni awon ara Oyo tun feran 1ati rna se?
' " .
-.
3. Da'ruko• i1e rneji ti ° se
•
pataki ni Oyo.
• t
4. .
Nibo ni a npe ni Akesan ni Oyo?
, ,
5. Tani sango
, .
je?
6. Iru ise
, •
wo ni opo1opo
, , "
awon
I ,
enia nse ni agbegbe Oyo?
I •
7. Yato, si Shaki, da'rtiko, i1u rneji rniran ti ° yi .,

Oyo ka.
8. Kinni awon ara Oyo feran 1ati rna se ni owo ale?
• ." " I ,

OGBOMOSHO - TEXT 1
• •
.
Ogbomosho, je" okan ninu aW9n ilu Ogbomosho is one of the big
towns in western Nigeria.
ti 0 tobi ni iw? o~un Naijiria.
Awc;>n ilu ti 0 yi Ogbomc;>sh9 ka ni The towns which surround

Ogbomosho are Dyo, Ilorin
PYc;>, I19rin ati Ejigbo. and Ejigbo.
Ogbomosho to bi maili Ogbomosho is about twenty-

• •
.
metadinlogbon
" si 9Yo. ., seven miles from Dyo.
There are many missionaries

there.
Aw?n ti 0 wa nib~ ni ijq Those that are there belong

to the Baptist Mission.
Baptisi.
Nwon ko sosi ti 0 tobi, nwon si They built a big church, and

• • • • they have schools that are
ni ile'we ti 0 po pupa ni very numerous in Ogbomosho.
• •
Ogbomosho..
,
9ja ti 0 ~e pataki pUP9 nibe ni The market which is very
• important there is what
a npe ni Taki. we call 'Taki.'
Awc;>n ara Ogbom9sh~ j~ oni~owo, The inhabitants of Ogbomosho

are traders, and they usually
nwon a 8i rna 10 si idale. travel far from home ('usually
• • •
go to distant places').
26

YORUBA: INTERMEDIA'rE TEXTS
-' .-,,,,,, .... " ;' ", ~",. '" ,

,,"'"
Nw<;>n k<;> 5<;>5i ti 0 tobi, nW9n si
·
",,,
Ogbomosho Je okan n1nu aW9n ilu

~ , " ~ ~
-' -'. ..... ...,' .... ,... / I ...
nl ile'we tl 6 P? pUP9 n1
t1 0 tob1 n1 1W? orun Naijiria.
ogbomosho. ,.
9ja ti 0 ~e pataJti pUP9 nib~ ni
; .-: -:
a npe n1 Tak1.
..... ;'"" ,
Ogbomosho to bi maili
.• • '" . . .
'" ,<
metad1nlogbon
"
~"''-
8i 910.
.,
•
)0 -
;'
;";"
;'.....;'."
Aw?n ara Ogbom9 sh 9 J~ on1~OWO,
nwon a S1 rna 10 si ida1e.
•
~,'
•
, // '" ..... " .... "
Aw~n oni~~ 9l?rUn p~ PUp~ ni~.
, '" ~ ~ ,.,
AW9n ti 6 wa nib~ ni ijq
'" ...
Baptisi.
_________ __ ninu aW9n ilu Nw<;>n k<;> -- , nwon si

...,' •
ti 0 tobi ni iw? orun Naijiria. ni ile'we ti 0 po pupo ni
• •
AW9n ilu ti 0 yi Ogbom<;>sh9 ka ni

,
Ogbomosho. .
___ , " ati Ej igbo.
9ja ti 0 ~e pataki pUP9 nibe ni
•
Ogbomosho to bi
• •
.
metadinlogbon
" -- ---. Aw?n ara Ogbom9sh~ j~
nw~n a si ma 1<;> si •
,
AW9n p~ pup~ ni~.
27

. , I.
Ogbomosho je okan ninu aW9n ilu AW9n ti 0 wa nib~ ni _
ti 0 ---- ni _ ---- -------_.
AW9n ilu ti 0 __ __ ni Nwon ko• sosi ti 0 tobi, nwon 8i
• I •
~?, 119rin ati Ejigbo. ni ' __ ti 0 p? pUP9 ni

Ogbomosho.
• t
Ogbomosho to bi maili
• • pUP9 nibe ni
--. 9Yo.
• I
•
a npe ni Taki.
---_ j~ oni,owo,
nwon a 8i
•
rna 10 81 ida1e.
• •
1. Iru ilu wo ni Ogbomosho je ni iwo orun Naijiria?

• I· •
2. Awon ilu wo ni 0 yi Ogbomqsho ka?

I •
3. Bawo ni Ogbom9sho
•
ti jinna si Oyo
I I
to?
4. Aw?n ij9 (oji~7 91 ?run) wo 10 P9 ni ogbom?sh??
5. Kinni aW9n ij9 na k? si ogbomqsh??
6. pja wo ni 0 ~e pataki PUp? ni Ogbom~sh??
7. Iru ise wo ni opolopo awon ara Ogbomosho nse?

• • , • I I ' • I •
8. Nibo ni awon
T
ara Ogbomosho
• •
feran
•
lati ma 10?
I
28

OGBOM9SH9 - TEXT 2
Ninu awpn ilu ti 0 w~ ni iI, Among the towns that are in

Yoruba land, Ogbomosho is
Yoruba, Ogbom9sh9 j~ 9kan one of the big ones.
ninu aW9n eyi ti 0 tobi.
AW9n ara ogbom~shq f~ran lati The people of Ogbomosho like

to travel far from home and
\ ma 10 si idale ati lati ma to trade.
• •
~owo.
9ja ti 0 ~e pataki pupp niby The market which is very

important there is what
l' a npe ni Taki. we call 'Taki.'
Awo.n onise
" ..
., Baptisi
Olorun gegeb!
P? pUP9 nibEi!.
The missionaries such as the
Baptists are very numerous
there.
. .
Nwon ko sosi
, ati ile'we fun awon . They built churches and schools
for the (Ogbomosho) children.
Aw~n ara Ogbom9sh9 f~ran lati ma The Ogbomosho people love to

• *OJ
prepare turned yam flour
ro oka
I
amola
•
ati lat1 ma se and to cook bean soup.
obe gbegiri.
•• •
Awon ara Ogbomosho feran lse The people of Ogbomosho love
• • • I I •
Christianity, and they go
Olorun, nwon a si ma 10 si
, • I • to church all the time.
s9si nigba gbogbo.
AW9n ara ogbom9sh? tun f~ran The people of Ogbomosho love

to have facial marks,
lati ma kola,
•
julo ~u.
•
papa especially one called 'bamu.'
29

Nin~ aw?n 11u tl 0 w~ nl i1, Nw9n k9 s~i ~ti i1e'we fun aW9n
Yoruba, ogb6rn?>shf;> j~ 9kan <;>rnq.
ninu aW9n eyl t'i 6 tobi.
.
Awon ara ogbomosho , .
"... "
f~ran 1at1 rna
.. -
, . ~
ro oka amo1a ati 1at1 rna se

,. . •
• .............
obe" gbegiri.
~owo.
Awon ara, Ogbornosho
'''''
• fQran
''. '
1SQ
-
.
. , r
, IT
,
...... ~" ...
9Ja t1 0 ~e patak1 PUp? nibT
,~, ...... '" 010run,
, A' ( nwon ...
. ...
a si rna 10 si .
l' a
t;pe ni Taki. s9si n1gba qbogbo.
,,,,,, "
,
AW9n oni~~ 919run
... .. \ -: "'
"'" , ,
g~g,bi
~ , .....
Baptisi
...
, . '" ..... -_
Awon ara Ogbornosho tun feran
,
~
1ati rna kola, papa ju10 bamu.

• •
~,
P? pUP9 n1b~.
Ninu aw?n i1u __ _ __ __ i1~

Aw?n ara Ogborn9sh9 f~ran 1ati "ma
Yoruba, ogbom9sh<j> j~ 9kan ro ----- ati 1ati rna se
ninu aW9n eyi ti 0 tobi. --- -------.
AWCj>n ara ogbomoshq f~ran , Awon ara Ogbomosho ise
• f~ran
·
. , r
.
I I ,
__ ati 1ati rna 010run, nwon
, , a si rna 10 si
~owo.
9ja ti 0 ~e pataki PUp? nibT

l' a .• . ..'
Awon ara Ogbomosho tun feran
1ati rna ----J papa ju10 •
•
AW9n oni~~ 919run
P? pUP9 nib~.
Nw9n k9 ---- ati ------ fun aW9n

?rnq.
30

____ ti 0 w? ni i1~ ---- -- s9si ati i1e'we fun _

Yoruba, JOe okan
, I
ninu aW9n eyi ti 0 tobi.

___ f~ran 1ati rna -
_________ f~ran 1ati ro oka amo1a ati 1ati rna se
• •
rna 19 si ida1~ ati 1ati rna
~owo.
Awon ara Ogbornosho ----- ---
o • •
l' a npe ni Taki.

PUp? nib4f ______ , nwon a si rna 10 si
, . '
S9si nigba gbogbo.
.
Awon ara Ogbornosho -----.
p? pUP9 nib~.
gegeM
I t
Baptisi o
•
I
~- --
•
______ kola, papa jU10 bamu.

•
1. Ogbornosho je okan
, ninu awon i1u ti 0 ni Nigeria.
o , I
•
2. Pe1u
I . I
,
, kinni awon ara Ogbornosho tun feran
owo sise 1ati rna se?
I , .
3. Nibo ni a npe ni Taki?
4. Onj~ wo ni awon ara Ogbornosho feran 1ati rna toju?
5.
•
, ara ogbomosho
Awon
• • •
feran ise 010run,
, , nwon
, ..
•
a si rna 10 - .
6.
, I
•
, ara Ogbornosho
Iru i1a wo ni awon ' , •
feran 1ati rna ko? - .
bamu.
31

OGBOM9SH9 - TEXT 3
. . .. . awon i1u
Ogbomosho je okan ninu
ti 0 ~e pataki ni i1~ Yoruba.
. Ogbomosho is one of the towns
which is important in Yoruba
land.
Aw~n enia P9 pUP9 ni i1u yi. There are very many people in
this town.
AW9n ara i1u na feran lati ma The people of the town love to
• trade and they love to travel
!3 owo , nwc;>n si f~ran 1ati ma far from home.
10 si ida1e.
• •
9ja ti 0 ~e pataki PUp? nib, The market which is very

important there is what
l' a npe ni Taki. we call 'Taki.'
AW9n oni~~ 919run, papa jU19 The missionaries, especially

the Baptists, are very
Baptisi po pupo nibe. numerous there.
• • •
Nwon
"
ni sosi t' 0 tobi, nwon . They have big churches, and
. ...
si ni awon suku 10po10PQ.
,
they have very many pupils.
Aw~n ara Ogbom?sh9 f~ran 1ati The people of Ogbomosho love

to cook bean soup and turned
ma se obe gbegiri ati oka
• T. • yam flour.
amo1a•
•
9Y~, 119rin, Ejigbo ati aW9n i1u Oyo, I10rin, Ejigbo and such
...
hi' .
10 ni nwon yi Ogbomosho ka. ,
other towns are those that
surround Ogbomosho.
32

" " " ~ /.

ti 0 ~e patak1 n1 iI, Yoruba.
..
. .... awon'"!lu
ogborno.sh6. je okan ntnu
,.
. /
':-
/
.;.'
~ ~
Nwon ni SOS1 teo t6bi, nwon
S1 n1 ~w9n suku 19P919P9'
~,.,,:
/
,
"
Aw~n
'" ,.... " , , / "
"
enia P9 pUP9 ni ilu yi.
" . ,
/ ' 1ati
" " / feran
Awon ara/ Ogbornosho
rna se obe gbeglrl ati ok~
.. /
... , "
". .
amola•
•
. " ,/
Awon ara i1u na feran 1ati rna

•
/
--" ",,,
;;owo,
....
" " nW9n S1~ feran lati rna -- "-,/' ....
9Y9, 119rin, Ejigbo ati aW9n i1u
'/
10 si idale.
•
• /
• ...
b -C>
e 10 n1• nwon
,. "
yi "" '"
Ogbomosho ,
kat .,
'" til' ~ " ..... ' , / '" ",
9ja ti 0 ~e pataki PUp? nib~

... , , , , ,
l' a npe ni Taki.
, ,. / " _ v "
AW9n oni~~ Q19run, papa jU19
" ,/,~,
Baptisi P9 pUP9 n1b~.
Ogborn9sh9 jet okan ninu awon ilu'

•
ti 0 ~e pataki
• •
Nwon
,ni. sosi t' 0 tobi, nwon .
si ni awon
, ---- --------.
Aw?n ara OgbornC?sh9 _ '
Aw~n enia ----I ni i1u yi.
-- ob~
• T.
gbegiri ati oka
•
AW9n ara ilu na

.---_., nW9n si feran 1ati rna ---, -- ', ati aW9n i1u
10 si ida1e.
•
•
• ...
b -'e 10 n1• nwon yi Ogbomosho
, kat .
--- -_ ,_ __ PUp? nib~
l' a npe ni Taki.
AW9n oni~~ Q19run, _

_______ po pupa nibe.
• • •
33

Ogborn9sh9 j~ 9kan ---- ---- --- NW9n ni --- -- __., nw9n

ti 0 ~e pataki ni il~ Yoruba. si ni awc;>n suku 19Pc;>1 9P9'
ni ilu yi. Aw?n ara Ogborn?sh9 fTran lati

rna se ati _
_____ e
AW9n ara ilu na frran lati rna

~owo, nW9n si frran lati rna 9Y~, 119rin, Ejigbo --- ----
-- ni nwon
I
yi Ogbomosho
.. ,
ka.
9ja ti 0 ~e pataki PUp? nib~
l'a --- -- ----.
_ -v
---- ----- ------, papa ju19
Baptisi po pupa nibe.
• I •
1. Nibo ni Ogbornosho wa? I I
2. Bawo ni enia tise po ni Ogbornosho si?

" I I
3. Da'ruko nkan rneji ti awon ara Ogbornosho feran lati se.

I • , •
4. ni oja ti
,
0 se pataki pupa ni Ogbornosho.
, • I I
5. Obe
• •
wo ni awon
•
ara Ogbornosho
I I
feran
I
lati rna se?
,
6. Aw~n ilu ti 0 yi Ogbomqsh~ ka ni _ , _ , ati •
34

AWE• - TEXT 1
-
AW~ JfI' 1lu kekere lean l"ba Qyq. Awe 18 a small town near Oyo.
Awon ara Awe reran 1at1

• ••
ma 10 I
The people of Awe l1ke to go
stoko. to [the1r] farms.
..,
Opolopo aW9n ara Awe reran
, I , I I
1at1 ,
Many of the people of Awe l1ke
~ to engage 1n trad1ng [l..e.,
rna ~owo. reta1l merchand1s1ngJ.
Awon ara --'

I
Awe reran 1at1 rna gbe
I '
- The people of Awe l1ke to l1ve
1n the same house together
11e kanna. [B 8 faml.116s].
Awon
, ebl.
, a rna .
gbe po 10JU karma. Those fam1ll.es usually ll.ve
together at the same place.
"""
Gbogbo aW9n enl.a t'o wa nl. Aw? All the people of Awe exceed
20,000.
Ie nl. egbawa •
•
..... ~
AW9n ara AW~ r~ran lat1 ~ 19 The people of Awe l1ke to go

to market.
st9Ja.
...
Opolopo
, 11e penu 1'0 wa l'Awe. -. There are many pa~rooredl
houses In Awe.
lCorrugated 1ron sheets.
35

~,
AW~ J' 1.1u kekere
"', '"
an l,ba 91Ci.
'''' " ' "
AWCln E!b1 8 m8 gbe
""
P9, lo~ karma.
,
Awon ara' 'Awe
:''''''''
1at1 ma'" 10
• • teran
• •
s,oko.
"" ,~/ ... , , .

Opolopo aW9n ara Awe teran lst1 ~ ,,~/,".....,
• •- ' • "• • • Awon ara Awel feran lat1 rna In'1'
ma BOWO. • , , '
l
s'9Ja.
,
Awon '::""''''
~..
"
, , ara Awe teran lat1 rna gbe
- .. .
'\\ '\
Qpolopo
,
, "'" /
11e panu 1 '0 W8
.:-
1 'AvA. .
1.1e kanna.
-
AW~ J~ 1.1u kekere lean • .
, a ma gbe po ---- -----.
Awon ebl. .
s'oko.
.
feran 1a t1. ma 10,
Gbogbo awon enl.a I
Ie nl. egbawa •
I • I'
- teran
Opolopo awon ara Awe
T ••
Awon
•
-
ara Awel feran lat1 __ --
• '
s'--- .
.
~
Awon
, ara Awe ______________ 1'0 wa l'Avfl.
l.le kanna.
36

-
AW~ J~ ken Ifba Qyq. _______ a ma gbe po lolU
•
kannB.
•
s '__ - •
-
Awon ara Awe feran
•• Gbogbo awon en18 t'o __ -- ---
I
-- egbawa •
-'
-
Awe reran Is t1
• • Aw~n
•
ara "-Aw? __ lq
loa sowo.
I
s'9Ja.
Awon -"
..
, ara Awe fer an lat1 ma gbe
- .. .
Opolopo
, --- ---- 1'0 .. l'Awe. .
--- ----_.
1. Leba ilu wo ni Awe wa?

• •
2. .
Iru ise wo ni opolopo
• ...,
.
, ,. awon ara Awe, feran 1ati rna - •
..,.
~e?
3. Bawo ni awqn ara Awe Ele feran

, 1ati rna gbe?
•
4. , enia ti o wa ni Awe, ti po to?
Awon I
5. Iru i1e wo 10 po, 1 'Awe?

,
6. Bawo ni awqn ebi se ngbe ni Awe?
• I
....• .....
7. Da orukot ibi meji ti awon ara Awe, feran
, 1ati rna 10.
• •
37

IIttJ
AWl, - TEXT 2
-
AW~ J~ 1lu kekere ken 1~b8 9yq. Awe 18 a certa1n small town
near 0'10.
- feran lat1 rna 10I

Awon ara Awe' I
I
- The people of Awe l1ke to go
to [the1r] farms.
s'oko.
pp~l?p~
-
aW9n ara Aw? 1'0 tun Also, many of the people ot
reran lat1 rna 10I s'Eko. Awe l1ke to go to Lagos.
•
NW9n f~ran lat1 rna gbe p~ l'oJU They l1ke to l1ve together 1n
kanna. the same place.
The fam1l1e8 usually l1ve

together 1n the same house.
AW9n t1 0
-
ngbe AW7 1e n1 ~gbiw8. Those who l1ve at Awe exceed
20,000.
(L~h1n ne) aW9n ara AV, t?ran The people of Awe l1ke to
lat1 rna 19 s'1da1,. travel.
Is~ oko 1'0 P9Ju lir1n • .,n ar. Farm1ng 18 a very common
Awe. occupat1on aMong the
• people of Awe •
The people ot Awe are not

loarera.
38

... '" '" ,

Aw?n E( b1 a ma gbe 118 kanni P9 •
.... /..:/
.
/
Awo,n ara Awe, feran lat1 rna 10
...... / -.
s toko.
"
(L~hin n~) ~w9n ara Xw, t~r~n
Op~ lope aW9n ara 1w7 l' ~v tUn
, , , J ..., ./ lat1 rna 19 s'id81~.
feran
•
lat1 rna 10I s'Eko.
IB~ eke 1'0 P9JU lir1n aW9n ar~
Nwin f~r8n lat1
~
rna gbe p~ l'oJU -Awe• •
/
kanna.
-
AW~ kan l~ba 9yq.
Awe •
•
AW9n ara Awe, - ----- ---- rna - 10•
sroko. Awon ara Awe k1 ___•
• •
Opolopo aW9n ara Awe --- ---
, 1 , I
..., I
-
----- lat1 rna 10 s'Eko. •
NW9n f~ran -- ---I po 1 'oJu
•
kanna.
_______ a ma gbe 11e kenna po.

I
AW9n t1 0 ---- --- -- -- ~gb8W8.
(L~h1n ne) aW9n ara AWf t?ran

lat1 rna •
39

AW~ J7 11u kekere --- -___ 97Q' AW9n t1 0 -

ngbe Aw? Ie e
Awon ara Awe

I
- •
mi 10
•
(L~h1n ni) _
s'oko. lat1 ma 19 s'1dal,.
pp~19PP aW9n ara Aw? 1'0 tun - Is~ oko 1'0 aW9n ara
feran .__ __ . • Awe.
• ,
---- -- k1 1,e ~1 ••
-----.
Aw?n ~b1 a ma gbe e
1. Da'ruko ilu kekere kan ti 0 wa leba Oyo.

I I ••
2. Yato• si oko 1il0, , nibo ni opo10po

• , •
awon ara Awe• tun feran
I ' •
1ati
rna 10?
•
3. Ise wo 10 poju larin awon ara Awe?
, I • • •
,-
4. NjeI T
ole
.
ni awon
•
ara Awe?
I
5. Bi beko, kinni idi ti ko fi j~ be,?

• •
40

,.
AWlJ - TBXT 3
.J
AW~ J~ 11u kekere kan lr ba 919- Awe 1S a certa1n small town

near Oyo.
Awon t'o ngbe 1Iu Awe Ie n1 - Those who l1ve there exceed
~gbarun.1 • 10,000 •
•
~
.
,."
Awon ara Awe feran 1at1 rna The people of Awe l1ke to go
" to Cthe1rJ farms.
10
t
s'oko.
(L~h1n na) ~P?1?P9 aW9n ara Many of the people of Awe l1ke
to go to Lagos.
Awe feran la t1
• •
rna 10 ,s 'Eko.
•
I~~ ag~~ 1'0 PPJu lir1n awpn Farm1ng 18 a very common

ara Awe. . occupat10n among the
people at Awe •
~ -"-
Awon t'o ngbe Awe saba rna gbe Those who l1ve at Awe usually
• • I1ve 1n the same house
1le kanna po gegeb1 eb1_
• •• • together as a fam1ly.
AW9n ara Aw; k1 - 1~e 91¥, The people of Awe are not
loafers.
-..J
lIe panu 1'0 P~Ju I'AW?_ Pan-roofed houses are numerous
1n Awe,
lThe student should have not1oed that th1S f1gure 1S 10,000

less than that g1ven 1n the preced1ng two verS10ns. The
change was un1ntent1onal.
41

lse""agbe 1'0/ P9Ju

,," '"
1ar1n aw~n
" , ~',
ara Awe • .
"/ "",!' , /
Awon t'o ngbe 1Iu Awe Ie n1 "" ".!J, ,~ _ ,
• :->" I • Awon t'o ngbe Awe saba rna gbe
egbarun.
• '/ .¢"
l.le kanna :"""
p? grg~b1 "
~b1.
,.:, / ,,, -.I
·
Awon ara Awe reran lat1 rna
10 S ,oko.
.,
. " " kl.
Awon ara" Awe
,
- /
1~e
....
91 r·
•
,/ ..:, , ' ,
" "
lIe panu 1'0 P9Ju 1 'Awe. I
..,
AW r Jr --- ------ --- ---- ---. --- -- --- ------ kan 1 r ba 9Y~.
Awon t'o Ie n1
---- ~-- -1--
-
1Iu Awe· Ie nl.
egbarun. 1
• IY
egbarun.
• •
·
,.",
-.I
Awon ara Awe feran feran lat1. rna
., •
-----. 10e sroko.
(L~h1n na) PpplPP9 aW9n ara (L~h1n na) _

Awe stEko.
--- f~ran latl. rna 19 stEko •
•
---- lar1n awon lse agbe 1'0 pOJu _
ara -
• " ..... • r
Awe. Awe •
• •
Awon t'o ngbe Awe

,
#oJ
. _ ______________ saba rna gbe

--- - __ ~_ po gegeb1 eb1.
• •• • 11e kanna po gegebl.
,. eb1. . .
____ __- kl. 91,.
1~e
Awon ara Awe
• 1
-- --- --_.
lIe panu 1'0
~
•
42
1. je ilu kekere kan leba

II . - -.
2.
• •
-."
Da'ruko ibi rneji ti aW9n ara AW~ feran 1ati rna 10.
~
.
3. ni if~ ti 0 poju larin awon ara Awe.
• • •
4. -- -J ...,
Awon ti o ngbe AW~ saba rna gbe ile kanna po gegebi
• , kinni?
• .
-./
5. Iru ile wo ni o poju l'Aw~?
•
43

TRAVEL FROM AWEI TO lBADAN - TEXT 1
~n1k~n1 tl 0 ba f y lq Sl Ibadan Whoever mlght want to go to

la t1 AW y , Yl0 kpk<f gun m9to Ibadan from Awe w11I flrst
take a car from Awe to Oyo.
la tl AW7 de 9yq.
N1gbat'o ba de 9Y9, 0 Ie gun When he reaches Oyo. he can

moto e1ero tabl bOS1. take a lorry or bus.
• •
T'o ba gun bOS1, Y10 san nkan If he takes the bUS, he w1l1
•
b1 s11e meta abo. pay somethlng 11ke three
• • • sh1111ngs Slxpence.
T'o ba gun mpto elero, Yl0 san If he takes a lorry, he w111

nkan bl s11e meJl abo. pay someth1ng Ilke two
t •
sh1111ngs slxpence.
pp~1?P9 en1a fyran latl ma gun Many people llke to take the
b9 s1 , n1torlpe k1 lrun hagahaga. bus because 1t lS seldom
crowded.
-
Awe• Sl Ibadan to ma1l1 [From] Awe to Ibadan lS
thlrty-four m1les.
merlnle19gb9n.
/,/ I' I'" /

T'o ba gun mote elero, Yl0 san
/ / ' '" I" ~ \
nkan b1 811e meJ1 ab?
•
/ \ / -' /'1 I' \

N~gbat'o ba de 9Y9, 0 Ie gun
/\ -" \,., '"
moto elero tab1 bOS1.
• •
~ I / \,. \,., / /'""
/ / ~ \
T'o ba gun bOS1, Y10 san nkan
•
/
.
Awe 81 Ibadan to malll
/" / /
mer1nle19gb9n.
\,.
b1'" 811e
•
/" -'
meta
•
~'
abo.
t
44
~nl.kE(nl. -- 0 ba 5l. Ibadan ~nl.k~nl. tl. ---- f y lq 5l. Ibadan

--
____ Awy , Yl.O gun ---_ latl. Awe, koko --- moto
..
, • T •
- Awe, -- Dyo.
latl. AW~ de 9yq.
_____ t'o ba de 9Y9, - -- gun

Nl.gba--- ba -- 9Y9, 0 Ie
m9 to ----- ta bl. __-_.
m9to elero bosl. •
•
T '0 -- gun bosl. ,. san nkan

T'o ba
bl. -
b~5l.,Yl.O san nkan
meta abo.
sl.le meta I •
• •
T '0 ba --- mpto elero, --_ san

T'o -- gun motaI ----- , Yl.O san
nkan ~l.le meJl. •
---- bl. 5l.1e
• abo.
•
------- enl.a ----- la tl. rna _

PP9 1 ?P9 ---- fyran la tl. -- gun
b9 s l., -------- kl. l.fun • b9 S l., nl.torl.pe kl. ---- hagahaga.
.-
.- Awe Sl. Ibadan -- ma11l.
Awe• -- Ibadan to ma11l. I
merl.n • -----lelogbon. . .
1. .
Bawo ni a tise Ie de Oyo, lati Awe?
"'"
.
2. Nje a Ie gun basi ati rnqto elero Iati Oyo de Ibadan?
. '
'OJ
, .
3. Ti enia ba gun ~k9 elero tabi b9s~ elo ni yio san lati
~y? de Ibadan?
4. . . .. '
Nitori kinni opolopo enia fi feran lati rna gun bosi?
.
5. Bawo ni AweI ti,e jinna si Ibadan to?

-.
TRAVEL FROM AWE TO IBADAN - TEXT 2
En~ken~ t'o ba fe 10 lat~ Awe Whoever m~ght want to go from

I . . ,
Awe to Ibadan w~ll f~rst
s~ Ibadan, y~o koko gun moto take a car to get to Oyo.
• I T
de 9Y9.
N~gbat~ 0 ba de QY9 tan, 0 Ie gun When he reaches Oyo, he can

take a bus; ~f he wants,
b9s~J 0 S~ Ie g'oko ero. .. he can also take a lorry.
T'o ba gun bos~, y~o san s~le I~ he takes a bUS, he w~ll pay
• I
three sh~ll~ngs s~xpence,
m~ta ab?, ~ugb9n t'o ba but ~f he takes a lorry, he
.
sepe oko
" elero 1'0 gun ,
san Is~le meJ~ abo.
y~o w~ll pay two sh~ll~ngs
s~xpence.
AW~ S~ Ibadan to ibuso m~rin [From] Awe to Ibadan ~s

th~rt1-four m~les, but
lel~gb~n, ~ugb9n Awy s~ 9Y9 [~romJ Awe to Oyo ~s one
J~ ~bus9 kan at,abq. and a hal~ m~les.
,
En~ken~
I I
t'o ba fe 10 lat~ Awe,
1/
.. / - /' /' /' '" " /'
T'o ba gun b9s~, y~o san ~~le
" ...
/'
s~
/'
/'
... v/'/"
Ibadan, y~o koko gun mc;>to
" /' • I
/'
.
meta abo,
~,
, , , ... \ .
9ugbon t'o ba
/'
/'
\.
/'
de 9Y9. ?epe 9k? elero 1'0 gun, y~o

..., ... " ~ "
san Is~le rneJ~ abo. •
"" /' I/' /'\ /' /' /"
N~gbat~ 0 ba de QY9 tan, 0 Ie gun
" -
. . ero.
/,\ \ / \ \ '\ / /", \ /"" I \
b9s~J 0 s~ Ie g'oko Awe, Ibadan to ibuso mer
S~
•/ \l.n-I
1/ \. ,/_,
lel~gb~n, ~ugb9n Aw y s~ 9Y9
1"'" \~,
J~ ~bus9 kan at'abq_
46

.-
¥n~k~n~ t'o ba f y 19 lat~ Aw y En~kenl
,
t '0 - - -- -- _
-
S~ Ibadan, y~o koko --- ---- ------', Y10 koko
I I
gun moto
r
• I
de 9Y9.
N~gbat~ 0 ba de Qyq tan,- -- Nlgbatl 0 ba de Qyq tan, 0 Ie gun

----J 0 ..
Sl Ie groko ero. b9 s1 J ----- --- •
~-~ -- ---- --- ... _- --.. - T'o ba gun basl, •

Y10 san slle
I
________ , ~ugb9n t'o ba .

meta abo,
,
___________ .,
_
Y10
~epe 9k? elero 1'0 gun, Y10
san Is~le meJl abo. san slle
I
meJl abo.
,
,
----- merin- .
Awe Sl Ibadan to ibuso
lel~gb~n, ~ugb9n Awy Sl 9Y9 ------ __, ~ugb9n Awy Sl 9Y9
•
J~ 1bus9 kan at, ab 9·
J~
1. Kinni enikeni
"
ti 0 ba fe• 10• si Ibadan lati Awe yio koko Re?
• • , T
-
2. AW9n qkq wo ni 0 Ie gun ti 0 ba de 9YQ?
3. Ti 0 ba gun yio san {)i1e meta abo, sugbon

,
• .
ti o ba .
gun yio san sile mej i abo.
I •
4. Awe si ayo to ibusoI melo?

• • •
47

TRAVEL FROM LAGOS TO I BADAN BY TRAIN - TEXT 1
~1k~n1 t'o ba f~ lq lat1 Eko Whoever rnlght want to go from

Lagos to Ibadan can go by
, , oJu'r1n lq.
s'Ibadan Ie ba oko traln.
T'o ba f y gun qkq oJu'rln y1, If he wants to board the traln,

he wl11 go to Ido.
Y10 10 S1 Ido. I
Opolopo enla 1'0 feran latl rna Many people 11ke to go by traln. I
I I • I ,
gun oko oJu'rl.n.

• I
Nlpa eyl, aW9n 1bus9 dl~ dl~ nl. On the traln ('concern1.ng th1.s'),
we shall pass a few statl.ons
a 0 kan, k1 a to de Ibadan. before we reach Ibadan.
These are Agege, Ifo, and

OlokemeJl..
Owo tl enl.a nsan n1pa g1gun 9kq The fare wh1.ch people pay for
the tra1n 1.S not really very
oJu'rl.n ko flo be po pupo.• I • h1gh.
~P?l?P9 tl. nl9 nl.pa qkq oJu'r1n Many of those who go by tral.n
l1.ke to have a good t1rne
feran lat1 ma ~e raJl. nl.nu
I thereon.
48

... ,
Enlken~
, , t'o be fa lq latl Eko
s'lbadan le oke ba
, , oJu'rln lq.
, ~ ... ", ... ~ ~ ~" "
Owo tl enla nsan nlpa glgun ~kq
T'O ba
f~ gun qkq oJu'rln yi,
0Ju'rln ko" fl be~"
./ ....
po pupo,_ \
y1.0 10 sJ.
I
Ido. I •
Opolopo enis 1'0 feran latl rna Opolopo tl nlo nipa o.ko, oJu'rln
I I , , •
I , I
fer~n latl rna ~e f~Ji n~nu
I •
gun ?kc: 0 JU 'rln. ,

.
oke, yi.
Nipa eyi, aW9n lbusq di~ di~ nl
...
a 0 kan, kl a to de Ibadan.
Enlkenl t'O ba
I ,
latl Eko Enlkenl t'o ba fe lq latl Eko
I I •
s'Ibadan Ie ba 9k~ 0Ju'rln lq. s'Ibadan Ie ba --- lq.
T'o ba f~ oJu'rln yl, T'o ba f~ gun yl,

YlO 19 Sl • 1'10 10 Sl __ - .
•
___ - 1'0 feran latl rna Opolopo enlB 1'0 latl rna
..
I
• '."oko
• gun 1 •
Nlpa eYl, awon dle dle nl Nlpa eYl, aW9n --- nl

'I . ,
a 0 kan, kl a to de • a 0 kan, kl B to de Ibadan.
Awqn nl Agege, __ - atl • Awqn nl , If9 atl ---------.
_-- tl enla nsan nlpa glgun oko Owo tl enla nsan nlpa glgun
oJU'rln ko fl be, .
• I
_______ ko fl be po •
, .
Opolopo tl nl0 nlpa oko oJu'rln
I , , , • • •
nlnu feran la tl rna ~e .

I
nlnu
..
oko Yl.
49
<;>kq Yl.

1. Nibo ni enia ti Ie gun oko oju'rin ti nlo Iati Eko 8i Ibadan?

• • •
2. Nje awon enia feran lati
•••
rna
gun oko yi?
• •
Da'ruk? ibus9 m7ta ti a 0 kan ti a ba ngun ~k? oju'rin lati Eko
si Ibadan.
4. Bawo ni owo ti enia nsan fun gigun oko

• • yi ti PC? to?
...,
5. .. . .
Kinni opolopo awon ti ngun oko yi feran Iati rna se ninu re?
," " .
50

TRAVEL FROM LAGOS TO IBADAN BY TRAIN - TEXT 2
En~ken~
"
t'o ba fe 10
Ibadan Ie 10
.
n~pa
,
oko
lat~ Eko
0Ju'r~n.
s~ Whoever m~ght want to go from
Lagos to Ibadan can go by
• • I
tra~n.
T'o ba f~ gun qk9 y~, y~o gun n~ If he wants to board th~s

conveyance, he w~ll board
Ido.
~ t at Ido.
AW9n ~bus9 t'o kan ko to de Ibadan Stat~ons wh~ch ~t passes before

~t gets to Ibadan are Agege,
n~ Agege, Ifo, at~ OlokemeJ~.
Ifo and OlokemeJ~.
, . '..
Opolopo
,
n~pa oko
,
en~a feran
0Ju'r~n, n~tor~pe
lat~
.
ma 10 Many people l~ke to go by tra~n
because the fare ~sn't very
much.
.
owo re ko po pUPQ..
Oko
, . y~ l'aye n~nu. Th~s conveyance ~s
spac~ous. ('Th~s conveyance
qu~te
has room ~n ~t. ,)
, lOUSO, t'o s~ wa k~ 0 to
Awon There are many stat~ons before
~t reaches Ibadan. ('And
de Ibadan pot lopolopo.
,. I •
statlons wh~ch are, before
~t reaches Ibadan, are
numerous very. ,)
AW9n lJoko tl 0 wa nlb~ rqrun The seats whlch are there are
very comfortable.
l~pqlqpq.
51

" y1/ l'aye

/" n1nu.
'\~, \ \ / .,
En1ken1 t r 6 b~ fa 10 lat1 Ek6 81
Ibadan Ie 10 n1pa oko oJu t r1n.
Oko
I •
"/
• • •
/ / /
T'o ba f~ gun qk9 y1, Y10 gUn n1
\ / / " / "
AW9n 1bu89 t'o/ 81
"" , , wa
, k1/ 0 to/ /
\ /
Ido. del' I"b'adan
\. "
po
t
/, ,
10polopo.
•• I •
\ '" I" / / /"\

Awon 1buso t'o kan ko to de Ibadan
• ..c • "\ /" /"
n1 Agege, Iro at1 010kemeJ1. , ,/v //" /\ "
• AW9n 1Joko t1 0 wa n1b y rqrun
/ \. "
l\>pqlqpq.
'"
. ..
Opolopo
,
",," / \
en1a feran
" oJu'r1n,
I'
/
lat1
/
rnaL, 10
/ / .
,.
n1pa oko n1tor1pe
owo/ re .
" ko" po" pUPQ.
/"
.
En1ken1 _ - ba fe -- la t1 Eko --
"
Ibadan Ie -- nlpa oko •
. Oko -- 1 'aye ---_.
• •
• •
T'o -- f~ gun --- y1, Y10 n1 Awon ---__ t '0 81 ..- k1 0

•
Ido. de Ibadan -- lopolopo. • • I •
AW9n t '0 kan -- to -- Ibadan

n1 Agege, If? --- 010keme J 1.
AW9n ----- t1 0 -- n1beI rorun
,
, . ..
Opolopo
, ---- feran la t1 -- 10
n1pa --- oJu'r1n, n1tor1pe
.
re ko __ pUPQ •
•
52

------- t'o ba -- 10, ---- Eko S~ --- y~ - ---- n~nu.
Ibadan -- 10 oko 0Ju'r~n.

• • I
T '0 ba -- gun qk9 --, y~o gUn-- .

Awon ~buso,
__ Iba dan po
s~ wa -- 0 to
•
Ido. •
----lbuso t'o --- ko -- de Ibadan

I
-_ Agege, --- a tl 010keme J1.. ____ 1. J oko -- 0 wa ---- rqrun

l<?pqlC?P~.
, . .
Opolopo
,
____
enla
~kq
lat1. me 10
'r1.n, --------
0 JU
.
owo r~ __ pg •
1. Enikeni ti 0 ba £e
• I
, lati Eko si Ibadan Ie 10, nipa
10
2. Nibo ni Ido wa?
3. Agege, I£o, ati 010kemeji ni awon

•
ti o wa larin
ati
4. Idi wo ni awon "" 10 nipa oko

, , oju'rin?
, enia fi feran
, 1ati rna I
~
.,I. I , , yi?
Bawo ni aye tise po to ninu oko
,
6. Be , ijoko ti o wa ninu oko

, apejuwe awon • •
yi.
53

TRAVEL FROM LAGOS TO IBADAN BY ROAD - TEXT 1
Enlkenl t'o ba fe 10 lat'Eko Whoever wants to travel from

" , I Lagos to Ibadan by the ma1n
s'Ibadan, t'o 51 f y gba OJU road ('who also wants to take
t1t1 Ie gba 9na Ab¥okutaJ the ma1n road') may take
Abeokuta road 1f he l1kes, or
t'o ba f y , 0 51 Ie gba 9na he may go by Ikorodu road.
Ikorodu.
9na Ikorodu ya JU t'Abyokuta lq. Ikorodu road 15 shorter than

Abeokuta road.
o Ie gun bqS1J 0 51 Ie gun He can go by bus, and he can

also go by tax1 and by lorry.
taxl; 0 51 tun Ie gun 9k q
elero.
Enlken1 t'o ba gun tax1, Y10 Whoever travels by tax1 w1ll

, I 1 pay much money, more than
san'wo puPq JU ~n1 t'o gun g01ng by bus.
bOSl 10. I •
B9s1 rq n1 lqrun JU qkq ~l~ru It 1S more comfortable to go by

bus than to go by lorry, ('Bus
l~, n1tor1pe en1a k1 1PQ pUP9 18 comfortable, more than lorry')
n1b y , at1 pe 1Joko t1 0 r9run because the bus 1S seldom crowded,
and the seats there1n are
wa nlbe. #! comfortable.
1
On the tape, /ftn1 s 1 to gun •• ./ 1S heard.
The word /Sl/ should be om1 tted.

, "''''/ ,,'/ , ;' ./ ,

En1ken1 t'o ba Ie 10 lat'Eko ~n1k~n1 t'o ba gun tax1, Y10
, I
L , ,
,
~,~
I
5'Ibadan, t'o 51 f~ gba oJU

" ,~
san wo pupa "" JU en1 t'o/ gun
~", ' " Ab~okUtaJ
/'" t::: " 10.
b051 •
t1t1 Ie gba 9na I •
t'o, ba" f y " 51" Ie gba 9na

~, 0 " ....
... , , / C" ", """,
Ikorodu. BgS1 rq n1 lqrun JU qkq ~l~ru
1 ~, n1" or1pe t""" "" k1:-';'''''
en1a / "
1PQ puPq
"" , 'v /;' .......
n1b y, at1 pe 1Joko t1 0 rqrun
" ....
wa.... n1b~.
o
/
Ie" gun .0"
b~51;
,
51 Ie gun
0
..... "
'" ~
tax1; 51 tUn Ie gun 9kq
elero.
En1ken1 t'o ba fe 10 lat'Eko En1ken1 t'o ba fe 10 lat'Eko

' I , I
, . , I
5'Ibadan, t'o S1 f~ gba oJu 5'Ibadan, t'o 51 f~ gba oJU

t1t1 Ie gba 9na Ab~okutaJ t1t1 -- --- --- --------J
t'o ba f y, 0 51 _ _____ -_, 0 S1 Ie gba 9na
------- . Ikorodu.
____________ JU t'Ab~okuta 19' 9na Ikorodu ya JU --.
----J 51 Ie gun
0
0 Ie gun bqS1J -- ---
tax1; o S1 tun Ie gun 9kq ----; 0 81 tun Ie gun 9kq
elero. elero.
¥n1k~n1t'o ba gun tax1, Y10 ------- --- -- --- ----, 1 10

_______________ t'o gun san'wo pupo JU en1 t'o gun
• •
bOS1 10. bOS1 10.
I •
I •
BgS1 rq n1 lqrun _- _ BgS1 rq n1 lqrun JU qkq ~I~ru

l~, n1tor1pe en1a k1 1pq puPq
--, n1tor1pe en1a ki 1pq puPq
n1b y , at1 pe ---__
n1b y, at1 pe 1Joko t1 0 rqrun
wa n1b~.

1. Bawo ni a tise 1e 10 8i irin aJ'o 1ati Eko 8i Ibadan bi a ba

• •
£e koja 1arin Abeokuta tabi Ikorodu?
• • •
2. 9na wo ni 0 ya 1ati Eko 8i Ibadan, ti Ab~okuta ni tabi
ti Ikorodu?
3. .
Da'ruko nkan meta
, ti a 1e gun 1ati Eko si Ibadan.
4. Ewo ni owo r~ kere ju nib~?
5. Enikeni to ba gun
•
yio san owo puPq.
•
6. Iru ijoko wo ni o wa ninu bosi?
•
7. -•
Nitori kinni bosi £i roni lorun?
• •
56

TRAVEL FROM LAGOS TO lBADAN BY ROAD - TEXT 2
En1ken1 t1 0 ba fe 10 1at1 Eko

. , I • Whoever wants to travel from
51 Ibadan, t1 0 51. Jr pe OJU Lagos to Ibadan. 1f 1t
happens that 1t 15 the ma1n
t1t1 1'0 f r gba, 0 Ie 1q road he wants to take, he
1at1 Eko 10na Ikorodu. can go from Lagos by Ikorodu
• road •
o 51 Ie 19 51 Abyokuta. He can also go by Abeokuta.
~ugb9n 9na Ikorodu ya JU t1 But Ikorodu road 15 shorter

than Abeokuta [road].
Ab~okuta 19'
T1 0 ba f~, 0 Ie gun b9S1; 0 Ie If he llkes, he can go by bus;

gun tax1J 0 S1 Ie gun ?kq
he can a 150 take a tax1; he
can also take a lorry.
elero.
B?S1 r?run JU qkq elero 19, A bus 15 more comfortable than

tax1 51 r9run JU b9s1 l~, a lorry and a tax1 1S more
comfortable than a bus, but
~ugb9n owo tax1 P9JU' tax1 fare 1S the most costly •
...,
9P91~P9 en1a ngun b9s1, n1tor1pe Many people take the bus, because
1t has comfortable seats,
1Joko t1 0 r9run wa n1b y•
57

, "'" " "0 "

T1- ,°' ba
-'./././
En1ken1 t1 0 ba fe 10 lat1 Eko .....
f~, 0 Ie gun b?S1J Ie
, . / " " '- , / ' ....... / , ./
81 Ibadan, t1 0 51, J~ pe OJU gun taxi; 0 S1 Ie gun ?kq
, .....
t1t~ 1'0 f~ gba, 0 Ie 19 elero.
'" "/ / ~ " , " ,
lat1 Eko lona Ikorodu •
•
.
A ""
BOS1 rorun JU okq.... elero
,...... ......
tax1 81 r?run JU b9S1
"'''
~ " .
o 51"''' •
"AbeokUta.
Ie 10 81 '"
• ....., '" ;,,,,,,,,
~ugb9n owo tax1 P9JU.
, ........." '- ....., /
~ugb9n 9na Ikorodu ya JU t1 " ' . " '" , ~" ,. ,.
........ ,
"'\
9ppl?P9 en1a ngun b9S1, n1tor1pe
Abyo kU ta 19. '" V"
lJoko tl 0 rorun wa n1be. I
.......... "
..
En1ken1 t1 ° ba fe, 10 lat1 Eko
51 Ibadan,
. ..
En1ken1 t1
Ibadan,
Sl
ba fe, 10 latl Eko
0
t1 0 51, J~ pe OJU
.
-- ---,ole 19 t1t1 1'0 f~ gba, 0 Ie 19
lat1 Eko lona Ikorodu.
• ---- ------- .
o 51 Ie 19 51 • o 51 __ -- -- Abeokuta. I
~ugb9n 9na Ikorodu ya __ __ ~ugb9n ya JU t1

Ab<t 0ku ta 19.
T1 ° ba f~, 0 Ie gun b?51J 0 Ie T1 0 ba

0 Ie gun b?51J _
f~,
gun tax1; 0 51 Ie gun _ ___ ----J 0 81 Ie gun ?kq
----- . elero.
B?51 r?run JU I
B?81 r?run JU 9k q elero 19,
tax1 81 r?run JU b951 10, _____________ b951 10,
• •
~ugb9n owo taxl P9Ju. 8ugbon
. , .
pOJu.
9pp 1 9P9 en1a ngun b951, n1tor1pe

-.I _______ _ , nltor1pe
-____ _ wa n1b y• lJoko tl 0 rorun wa nlbe.
I •
58

1. Enikeni ti 0 ba fe ba oju titi 10 si Ibadan 1ati Eko Ie

• • •
gba ona tabi ona
• •
2. Sugbon ona ya ju ti ona 10.
• • • •
-•
1
3. Yato si bosi, kinni enia tun Ie gun 10, 5i Ibadan?

•
4. Nitori kinni 9Pc;>19PQ enia fi ngun b9 si ?
5. rorun ju b~si 10 sugbon,

• I
• • I
59

THE HOE - TEXT 1
..
, Je ohun elo t1 0 Mulo puPq
Oko A hoe 1S a tool wh1ch 18 very
:!'un awon
, aghe. . useful to the farmers.
La1s1 ~k9 agb~ ko Ie ~e 1~y ry W1thout the hoe, the farmer can
dada. not do h1s work effect1vely.
T1 a ba f y r~ ~k?, a 0 I~ s'?d~ When we want to make a hoe, we

awc;>n alagbydEf. w111 go to the blacksm1th.
Awon alagbede Y10 ro 1rLn Y1. The blacksm1th w1l1 forge the
• • • • 1ran blade.
~ .
Ir1n pelebe, n1 nwon nlo fun
• A flat, th1n p1ece of 1ron 1S
.•
oko • what they use for the hoe.
.
Leh1nna .
a 0 10 51 oko latl. ge Then we shall go to the bush
191 t1 0 1 r1 b1 kokqro
, fun . to cut a tree wh1ch 1S curved
for the haft.
eruko •
• •
N1gbat1 a ba se eY1 tan, qkCj> After we have f1n1shed th1s, a

de nun1. hoe 1S then produced. ('When
we f1n1sh th1s, a hoe arr1ves
1S that.')
Awc;>n agby fyran lat1 10 qk9 ma Parmers l1ke to use the hoe for
fun ebe k1k9, 1~U gb1ngb~ mak1ng heaps, plant1ng yams
and many other th1ngs.
at1 Or1'l.r1'1 nkan m1ran.
l/ t1 a 0 rl~ heard on the tape, 18 a 's11p ot the tongue.'
60

Ok~ .
, Je, ohun elo ti 6 wUi~ p~p~,
'......awon ....agbe.
fun ,
....
,
Ir1n
okb.
, ,
, , , n1 nwon nl0 tun
pelebe .
/;' ;'
"' ,
,-.,
La1s1 ~k9 agb~
..... " ......
ko Ie
'"
~e 1~~ r~
"-
. ...... ~
Leh1nna a 0 10 51 oko lat1 ge
/
. ~ "
dada. 191 ti 0 r1 bi k9kqrq fUn

..... ;',
erukt> •
, / / ,; , , I •
T1 a ba f~ rq ~k9' a 0 1~ 5'9d~
...... ;,"" , ~ ;' ';' / /
aW9n aIagb«(d~. N1gba~~ a ba ~e e71 tan, qk9
dE) nu n~.
AW9n agb~ f~ran lat1 ma 10 qkq

f~n ebe k1ky, 1~U gb1ngbin
...... '" v , v ..... ~
at1 or1~1r1~1 nkan m1ran.
fun
.
, Je, ohun elo t1
Oko
_ •
0 wulo pupo,
.
Leh1nna a 0 .
10
t1 0 r1 b1 k9kqrq tun
eruko •
I ,
---__ ___ agb~ ko Ie ~e 1~~ r~
dada.
-- --- ---, qk 9
de nu n1.
-- - -- -- -- ---, a 0 10
•
5 'odo
••
Awon
, - _
Awon
, alagbede .. 1r1n 71. fun ebe k1k9, 1~U gb1ngb1n
. , nkan m1ran.
at1 Or151r151
n1 nwon nlo __ -
•
---.
61

Oko Je ---- --- -- - ---- pUP9 L~hlnna a 0 l~ 51 aka lat1 ge

• fun
• •
awon
, agbe. . -----.
.
La1Sl. oko,
dada. N1gbatl a ba ~e eyl. tan, _
-------_.
AW9n agb~ f~ran lat1 ma 10 qkq
Awon V10 ro __a fun , ,
• fl.
at1 Or1~1r1~1 nkan m1ran.
n1 nwon nlo tun

•
oko.
• •
1.
" .
Kinni oko je?
2.
•
.
Idi wo ni oko
, fi wul0 pupo
. fun,
awon agbe? .
3. Nje• •enik~ni
r Ie da oko
, . ro
, fun ara re?
•
4. Bi idahun re• ba je•'~eko"

• I '
Iodo
...
tani a gbe Ie ro• oko?
, •
5. Kinni a Ie 10 lati fi se oko?

• ••
6. Iru igi wo ni a nl0 fun eruko?
• •
7. Da'ruk9 il0 meji ti aw?n agb~ nlo o~9 fun.
62

TIlE HOE - TEXT 2
Oko Je ohun elo t1

•• •
0 wulo pupa
I A hoe 1S a tool wh1ch 1S very
fun aW9n agb~. useful to the farmers.
T1 a ba fe ro oko, a 0 In s'qdq When we want to forge a hoe,

• '" T
aW9n alagb~d~. we w111 go to the b1acksm1.th.
AW9n alagb~d~ n1 Y10 r9 1r1n 1he blacksm1th w111 forge th1s

y1, 1r1n t1 0 ~e p~l~b~ n1 1ron, 1ron Wh1ch 15 flat and
th1n 1S what they use for a
nW9n nl0 fun ~kq. hoe.
Leh1n na-- a 0 10 S1 oko lat1 10 Then We w111 go to the bush to

• • •
cut a tree.
Ig1 t1 0 ~e kpk9rq l'a nlo fun A tree whl.ch 15 curved 1.B what
eruko. we use for mak1ng the hoe handle.
• •
de nu n1.
, ey1 tan, oka
N1gbat1 a ba se .. After we have f1n1shed th1s process,
a hoe 15 then produced.
Aw?n agb~ f~ran lat1 ma 10 qkql Farmers l1ke to use the hoe for
run ebe k1kq, 1~U gb1gb1n, makl.ng heaps, plant1ng yams,
and tor removl.ng weeds.
at1 ako rl.ro.
1/10 9 k 9/ is heard on the tape, probably because the contracted

f~rm of /10 9k9/ was the s~eaker's intention, but he suddnley
hesitated after uttering /19/.
63

,
Igl tl. 0 se . kp k9r q Ita "- ,;'
nl0 fUn
.
eruko. I
./ / -' ,;' / /' , " , ... ,

Tl a ba fe• ro• •oko, a 0 InT s'qd ol' Nlgbatl a ba se eYl tan,
, , • ~k~
"
aW9n "
alagb~dr· de nu nl.
Aw?n agb~ f~r~n t1 rna 10 ~kq la

fun ebe k1kq, 1~U gb1gbin,
... .".
a tl oka rlro.
/' ~ ~ /
Lehln na a 0 10 Sl oka latl 10
• • •
Oko Je ohun elo __

I. • Igl tl 0 ~e Ita nl0 fun
fun aW9n agb~.
-- - -- -- -- ----, Nlgbatl -- --- ---, oko

I •
de nu nl.
Aw?n alagb~d, nl Yl0 __ _ _ Aw?n agb~ f~ran lat1 rna 10 ~kq

--, lrln tl 0 ~e p~I~b~ nl fun ,, _ ,
nw?n nlo fun ~kqe atl _ ____ e
Lehln na a 0 10
• •
64

___ __ t1 0 wulo PUpO --- -- - .__ kpk9rq Ita nlo run

I
fun aW9n agb~. eruko.

• •
N1gbat1 a ba ~e ey1 tan, _

---- -------_. n1.
---- -------- n1 Y10 r9 1rln Awgn ---- ----- --,-- -- -- Clkq

Y1, ---- -- - -- ------ n1 fun ebe k1kq, l~U gblgb~J
nW9n nlo run ~kq. a tl. oka rl.ro.
Lehln
, na a
_____ e
- 0 .
10 51 oko latl. 10.
1. Ninu oni?owo ati agb T, tani qk9 wul0 fun g~g~bi ohun elo?
2. Lodo tani ao 10 bi a ba feI ro, oko?

I • • ••
3. ~e apejuwe ohun ti a fi n~e qk?
4. Kinni a n10 fun eruko?

, .
5. Nibo ni a ti nge ohun ti a n10 fun eruko?
• •
6. . feran lati rna 10 oko fun --,
Awon agbe. , .. ati
65

MORTAR AND PESTLE - TEXT 1
Odo at1 ~mq odo J~ ohun elo The mortar and the pestle are
t'o wul0, papa Julq tun tools wh1ch are useful,
espec1ally 1n the preparat10n
onJ~ t1tQJU. of tood.
Awon
•
gbenagbena
• t
1'0 ngbe• odo. It 1S the carvers who make the
mortar [and pestle, for the
two are subsumed under the
one name, v1z.odo).
N1gbat1 nw?n ba 19 ge 191 n~nu After they go cut a tree from

oko, nwon Y10 gbet n1nu. the bush, they w1l1 hollow
1t out 1ns1de.
Th1S 1S the mortar.
Orno odo gun JU 1ya odo 1q. The pestle 1S longer than the
I • mortar.
A nl0 odo lat1 gun 1yan. We use the mortar to pound

[peeled and b01led) yams.
A nl0 odo lat1 gun agunmu. We use the mortar to pound

agunmu (1.e. a powder added
to a dr1nk to form med1c1ne).
AW9n ob1nr1n 1'0 feran

• lat1 J1a - It 18 women who 11ke to use the
mortar most of all.
10 odo JU.
Odo J~ qkan n1nu ahun elo t1 The mortar 1S one of the tools
o wulo pupa n1 11e. wh1ch are very useful 1n the
• house •
66

" , ... .... .,

~
Odo~ atl. 9mq odo~ JEt ohun el0 A ill0 odo'" latl. gun l.yan.
, wu ~ 1'
, - ~
t'o 0, papa
,.., Julq tUn
~
;'
" "
onJ~ tl.t9Ju. , , ~ .,.
"
A nl0 odo latl. " "agunmu.
gun
.,.
"
AW9n
I' ...
.,
gbenagbena
...
, 1'0 t1gb~ odo.

" .
Awon "
ob~nr~n
"
10 odo JU.
/ "-
~
1'0 reran lat1 ma

•
-
N1gba tl. nw{>n ba l?..._ge 191 nlnu
oko, nwon y1.0 gbe ninu. "
Odo" JEt'" okan
"-
" " ohun elo
nl.nu
"-
"
t1
• , •
"" pupo ,." n1" 11e.
0 wulo
•
"" nl. 1ya
EyJ. .... " odo. ",
~, ...",
Orno odo gun JU J.ya odo lq.
I •
Odo atl. 9mq odo Jr ohun el0 A nlo odo latl. -----""---- •
t'o wulo, papa Julq ---
---- ------. A nl0 odo _ 1.
.
Awon -------
10 odo JU.
1'0 reran lat1 ma
• -
NJ.gbat1 nw?n ba I? ge _
___ , nwon Yl.O gbe n1DU. Odo JEt qkan nmu ohun elo t1
• 0 ---- ---- -- --- .
Eyl. nJ. ___ •
______ gun JU --- --- lq.
67

Odo at1 9mq odo J~ ---- --- ?mq odo 1ya odo lq.
--- ~---, papa
- * Ju19 tun
onJr t1tQJU.
A --- --- lat1 gun e
A --- --- lat1 gun e
oko, nwon _ --- ---_.

--- -- 1ya odo.
Odo J~ ---- ---- --- t1
a wulo pupa n1 11e •
•
1. Kinni odo ati orno odo je?

I I •
2. Awon tani 0 ngbe odo?

• •
3. .
Kinni nwon fi nse odo? .
4. Nibo ni nwon ti nri ohun ti nwon fi nse odo?
• ••
5. . . . . . ..
Ewo ni awon gbenagbena gbe inu re. orno odo ni tabi iya odo?
~
6. Ewo 10 gun ju ekeji 10, orno odo tabi iya odo?

• ••
7. Kinni a nl0 odo fun?
8. Ninu ~kunrin ati obinrin tani 0 f~ran lati rna 10 odo ju?
68

MORTAR ANt> PESTLE - TEXT 2
Odo J~ 9kan nlnu ohun elo t1 The mortar 18 one of the tools
WhlCh are very useful 1n the
o wulo PUp? fun 1t~JU onJq. preparat10n of food.
Orl~l meJl nl nw~n, ek1nn1, They are ot two klnds, f1rst

the mortar, and second the
lya odo; ekeJ1 J 9m~ odo. pestle.
pm~ odo t~rl' 0 81 gun JU 1ya The pestle lS thln and longer
than the mortar.
odo 10. I
Iya odo kuru. The mortar 1S short.
It 18 the carvers who carve the

mortar.
A n10 odo latl gun agunmu, We use the mortar (and the pestle)
for poundlng agunmu, yam flour
elubo at1 1yan. and bOlled yams •
•
AW9n oblnrln 1'0 n10 odo pup~ It lS women who use the mortar
most of the tlme.
JU.
Nlgbatl awon okunrln ba lo~

• • 7
When the men use the mortar,
they use lt for poundlng
nW9n nlo lat1 gun agunmu. agunmu (powder added toa
drlnk to form medlclne).
Odo J~ 9kan n1nu ohun ela t1 The mortar lS one of the most
useful utenslls for the
o wulo fun onJr t1t9Ju. preparatl0n of food.
( 'The mortar 1S one among
tools Wh1Ch are useful
for food preparat10n. f )
69

Odo J~ 9kan ninu ohun elo tl A nlo odo lat1 gun

/ "
/ "agunmu,
/'
" "' pupo

o wulo
/ , " fun
., .....""
.
,
ltOJU onJe.
, . e1ubo "'at1 1yan.
............ / ,
,
,.., I' " ...... -.1, ....... " / .......
Or1~1 meJ1 n1 nwqn, eklnnl, AW9n oblnr1n 1'6 n10 ado puPy
iya odo; ekeJ1, 9mq od6. "
JU.
pm?
,
.,odo t~r~,
' / /
0 81
......."'
gun JU lya
...... ,
, '-
,
N1gbat1 awon
',I""
,,' " okunr1n
, ...
ba 10,
nW9n nlo lat1 gun agunmU •
. " /""
odo 10.t
... / "", /
Iya odo kuru.
Od o' , 9. . k an n1nu
J~
. . , t"l
; " ohun e10
, ,/ ". , /tI'",
o wu10 fUn onJ r t1t9Ju.
Odo Jy 9kan n1nu ---- --- --

.
,
- ---- pupo fun 1tOJU onJe. . ---- ------- 1'0 nlo odo puPy
JU.
, eklnn1, N1gbat1 _
Or1~1
-- --,
1ya odo; ekeJ1, 9mq odo. nW9n nlo 1at1 gun agunmu.
--- --- t~rr' 0 81 1ya

odo 10. Odo Jy 9kan n1nu ohun elo t1
t o wulo fun _ •
Iya odo •
---------- 1'0 ngbe odo •

•
A nlo odo lat1 gun ------,

----- a t1 •
70

Odo Jy 9kan n1nu ohun e10 t1 A _-_ -__ ---_ --_ agunmu,
o wulo pupaI fun ----- ----I elubot atl lyan.
Or1~1. meJl. nl. nw~n, ., AW9n Obl.nr1n 1'0 _

__ a
---J ekeJ1, 9m~ odo,
Nl.gbat1 awon okunr1n ba 10,

pm)' odo __ --, 0 81 gun ' • •
nwon --- ---- --- ------1
10.
t
•
--- kuru.
Odo J~ 9kan -___ ---- ---
- fun onJ r t1t9Ju.
1. Odo je
,
okan
I
ninu ohun e10 ti 0 wu10 fun kinni?
2. Ori~i me10 ni odo?
3. Da oruko, nwon..
4. Ewo ni 0 tere ti 0 si gun ju ekeji 1o?
• • •
5. Kinni nkan meta
I
ti a n10 odo 1ati gun?
6. Kinni awon okunrin n10 odo fun?

• •
7. Iya odo _
71

THE CUTLASS - TEXT 1
. ,.
Ada Je ohun elo tun awon agbe. The cutlass 1S a tool for
farmers.
The length of 1t 1S two and

a half feet.
Ada k1 1~e ohun t'a nda ~e n1 The cutlass 1S not an 1tem

wh1ch we manufacture 1n
Na1J1r1a. N1ger1a.
They br1ng 1t from abroad.

( 'From abroad 1t-1S they
take 1t come. ,)
A nlo ada fun 19bo ~1~an, at1 We use the cutlass for clear1ng
of bush and for cutt1ng of
191 g1ge. wood.
N1gbat1 a ba f r 10 ada, a 0 When we want to use the cutlass

we shall f1rst take 1t to the
kp k 9 gbe 19 s'q d9 aW9n b1acksm1th to sharpen 1t for
alagbede lat1 bawa tun us. (' ••• to accompany us
• • repeat 1tS edge do. ,)
.
enu re, .see
N1gbat1 enu re ba fe1e dada, When the edge 1S very th1n, then
• • •• the cutlass 1S sharp.
n1gbana n1 ada Y1 to mu.
T1 0 ba nku, a 0 mu lq s'or1 When 1t gets dull, we shall take

-
okuta lat1 pone
,
1t to a stone 1n order to
sharpen 1t.
72

/' / ,
v / __
/,/
/
kpk9 gbe 1~ s'qd9 awpn
....
Nl.gbatl. a ba fe 10 ada, a 0
/- . 'I. "
/
/.... , / /
a1agbede 1atl. bawa tun
....• •
enu re see
t t •
"I , /
Ada k1 1~e ohun
/'" ,;' /
t'a·nda fe n1
, ..... /
Nl.gbatl. enu re ba fe1e dada,

... / ,,1' /- /-
" .... • ...• ..., ••

~ ~ / ,/
,'I.
Na1Jl.rl.a.
/ / ..
nl.gbana nl. ada yl. to rou.
T1 0 ba nkll, a
/-
0~ 1q s'or1
okU ta la t1 P9n •
-. / / ,/ / ...
A nlo ada rUn l.gbo ~l.~an, at1
"
l.gl. gl.ge. /
Ada J; ohun el0 fun • Nl.gbatl. a ba f~ 10 ada, a 0
kp k 9 1--- -- ----- ----

G1gun re to • latJ. bawa tun
t
enu
t
re• see
t
Ada kl. l.se ohun t'a . -- Nl.gbatl. enu

,
nl.gbana nl.
re ba fe1e
__
. . . --dada,
.
-------_.
mu. lq s' or 1
-
--- J 8 0
--------- nl. nW9n tl. nko va.
olmta la tl pone
t
A nlo ada fun , at1

____ e
73

-- ---- --- --- aW9n agb~. ------- - -- - , a 0
k9 k 9 gbe 19 s'qd9 awpn

alagbede lat1 bawa tun
I •
G1gun -- -- --- meJ1 ab9. enu re see

I • I
N1gbat1 ,
Ada -- --- ---- t'a nda ,e nl
Na1Jl.rl.a. n1gbana n1 ada "1 to mu.
T1 0 ba nku, _ _ __
----- lat1 pone t
A .
19bo 5l.San,
, at1
l.gl. gl.ge.
1. Awon tani ada wulo fun?

t
2. Bawo ni ada ti gun to?
3. Nje a nro ada ni Naijiria?

• •
4. Bi b~ko,
• I
nibo ni nwon
•
ti nko wa?
5. Kinni a nlo ada fun?
6. Awon
1
wo ni yio ba wa tun .
enu ada
'" ...,
,
se bi a ba feI 10? -
7. Nigbawo ni ada to mu dada?
8. Nibo ni a ti nP9n ada bi 0 ba ku 1~nu?
74

THE OUTLASS - TEXT 2
Ada JeI ohun elo t'o wulo fun The cutlass 1S a tool WhlCh
awon agbe. 18 useful to the farmers.
• •
.
Ada kl lse ohun tl a nee
11e lola •
, n1 The cutlass lS not a tool WhlCh
we make ln our country.
•
Latl ldal r nl nw?n t1 nko ada They [the Nlgerlans] brlng the
cutlass from forelgn lands.
wa.
Its length 1S two and a half

feet.
A nlo ada fUn 191 glge at1 We use the cutlass for cuttlng
wood and for clearlng bush.
..
19bo Slsan.
Nlgbatl a ba f~ P9n ada, a 0 When we want to sharpen a

cutlass, we w111 f1rst
k?k? gbe 19 s'qdq aW9n take lt to the blacksmlth
alagb~dT latl ba'n1 lu ~nu to help us beat lts edge,
re, kl 0 fele. so that 1t [may] be sharp.
t , ,
Leh1nna a 0 mu 10 81 or1 okuta Later on, we wl11 take 1t to

• • a stone to sharpen lt, lf
1atl pon, b1 0 ba ku lenu. 1t 18 dull.
• •
75

'-, ,/ "- /' / I'
Ada Je, ohun e10 t'o wl0 fun "-

A nlo ada rUn l.gl. g1ge at1
swon agbe. J.gbo S3-San •
• • I •
"- , II'
Ada ki l.se ohun ti a nse n1 Hl.gba ti a;_bS f~ P9n ada, a <>

• •
l.le wa. v,. ", ....
~ ""
• kpk? gbe 19 s'qdq aW9n
wa.
,.
/
'/'
.
, t1 nko ada
Latl. l.dale n1 nwon
/ //'- /
alagbede latl. ba'n1 lu e.nu
....
r~, kl. 0 f~lye
•
'"
I
I' "',,;
to me J l. ~b~.
L~h'i.nn'i'
,
-
a m;; . s 1. ori oku ta
<> 10
.
/-
GigUn reI ese ,; //,/ / ,,;
• , • , latl. pon,
, b1 ba lenu. 0 ku
Ada Je, ---- --- --- ---- tun Ada J r ohun elo t'o wul0 _
awon agbe. -----
• •
Ada kl. l.se ohun __ _ --- -- ____ tl. a nse n1
• •
~le wa •
•
Lat1
wa.
ada Lat~
-- .
.
1dale n1 nwon
, t1 _
----- -- to ese me JJ. abo.

, ... Gl.gun re to
I
e
A nlo ada fUn at1 A nlo ada fUn l.gl. gl.ge at1
~gbo S1san.
I •
Nl.gbat~ - , a 0 Nl.gbatl. a ba fp P9D ada, a 0

kpk? gbe 19 s'qdq aW9n koko
• •
gbe 10
T.
s'odq _
alagbyd~ lat1 ba'n1 lu enu ---- 1atl. ba'n1 lu yDU
• e
re, k1 0 .f'ele. r~,
• • •
Leh1nna a 0 DIU 10 S1 or1 okuta
• •
Lyhl.nna a 0 mu 19 __ _ _
1at1 pon, -- - -- -- ----e _______ , b1 0 ba ku lenu •
• •
76

1. ,
Kinni ada je?
2. Ada wu10 fun ati _ _0
3. .
Lodo .
, tani ao koko'mu . ,""
ada 10 nigbati a ba fe pon? .
4. . . .
Bawo ni a tise nfe, ki enu re ki 0 ri?
5. Nigbawo ni a nmu ada 10 s'ori okuta fun pipon?

• •
77

THE CUTLASS - TEXT 3
Ada Je, ohun elo t1 0 wulo fun The cutlass 1S a tool Wh1Ch
18 useful to the farmers.
awon agbe.
I I
Ada k1 1~e ohun t1 a n~e n1 A cutlass 1.5 not a th1ng whl.ch

we make 1n N1ger1a.
Na1J1r1.a.
A nra ada lat1. 1dale n1. [On the contrary,) We buy

I
cutlasses from abroad.
N1gbat1. a ba fe, 10 ada, a When we want to use a cutlass,

we w1lI f1rst take 1t to the
, , gbe 10, s'odo
o koko
I ' awon
. blacksm1th 1n order to sharpen
alagbede lat1 ba wa pon
I ,
the edge for us.
I
enu re.
I ,
Leh1.n
, .
n~ a 0 mU 10 S1 or1
okuta lat1 P9n, b1 0 ba
After that we w11l take 1t to
a rock to sharpen 1t 1f 1t
18 dull.
ku lE?nu.
N1gbat1. 0 ba mu dada, a nl0 tun When 1t 18 very sharp, we use

1t for cutt1ng wood and
191 g1ge at1 19bo S1san... clearl.ng bush.
Ada Jy ohun elo t1 aW9n agbef The cutlass 1S a tool wh1ch

the farmers l1ke very much.
f~ran PUp?
78

"
.... ,
Ada Je, ohun e10 t1 0 wu10 fun
"- ,,"-
awon agbe.
\" -' /''' " ",
Leh~n
,
"
okuta
....
~
"
, ~
na a 0 mu 10 s~ or1
1at~
"'-
-
"
P9n, b1" "0 ba
. /
I •
kU 1~nu.
Ad~ ki " ,," '"
,.
, ohun t1 a n~e n1
l.se
, , .... '" ,. , " ',:,:::; ..... ~ / ,/
Na]J~r~a. N1gbat1 0 ba mu dada, a n10 tun

./ ".... "'" ".
~g1 g1ge at1 19bo ~1~an.
" " Jy " ohun " '"

Ada
'"
e1a" "
t1 aW9n agb ......
r
N1gbat~
". \"
a ba fe, 10 a
"",
/-
ada, reran
I
pupa.
/'
•
, , gbe 10 stqd9 aw?n

(, koko .
"
alagbede "
1at1
I
ba wa pon
I ,
enu re.
I ,
Ada Jr ohun ela __ _ fun

awon agbe. I • ----- 1at1 P9n, b1 0 ba -
ku l~nu.
Ada -- t1. a n~e n1
Nal.J1.r1a. N1gbat 1. , a n1a~ tun
A 1dale n1.
l.gl. gl.ge at1 19bo S1san.
, .
I
t1 aW9n agbe
-- ---, a
•
o koko
I ,
gbe 10I stodo awan ,. I
alagbede lat1. ba wa pon

I I I
enu re.
I ,
79

t1 0 wulo fun L~h1n ni a 0 mu 19 51 _

----- ---- ---, b1 0 ba
ku l~nUe
Ada kl. l.se ohun

•
Nl.gbatl. 0 ba mu dada, a nlo run
--- ---- --- ---- -----.
A nra ada latl. --.
Ada ohun elo

J~
Nl.gbat1 a ba fa, 10 ada, a ----- pUP9·

o koko
• •
gbe 10 s'odo awon
I'"
alagbedeI
__ --
•
_____ e
1. Da'ruko ohun el0 kan ti o wul0 fun awon

f ,
, agbe.
2. , ara Naijiria ti nra ada?
Nibo ni awon
......,
3. Kinni ao koko, se si ada ki a to 10?
• f
4. Lehin
, igbawo ni a to nlo ada fun igi gige ati igbo ~i~an?
5. Iru ohun elo wo ni ada je?

•
80

GARDEN - TEXT 1
o j~ a~a larin aW9n Xoruba lati It is a custom among the Yoruba

people to have small gardens
rna ni agbala kekeke leba ile
I near their houses.
nwon .
•
Ki i~e pe gbogbo .ile il~ Yoruba It is not that all houses in

Yoruba land have gardens.
1'0 ni agbala.
~ugb9n aw?n ti nW9n ba ni il~ to, But those (people) who have
enough land usually have
nW9n ma ni agbala. gardens.
Ninu agbala nw?nyi, nW9n ngbin In these gardens they plant

things such as vegetables,
nkan g~g~bi ~f~,
9?an, agbado, oranges, corn, groundnuts
~pa ati nkan kekeke ti awon and other small things which
• people can sell in the market.
enia Ie ma ta l~ja.
l
Ti oko ba kun ninu agbala yi, When weeds fill this garden
the senior male of the hou~e
bale ile yio pe awon omo will call the children to
• ••
kekeke jo lati
•
roo hoe it.
Nigbati nw~n ba ro tan, 0 Ie When they finish weeding it he

may give them something if
fun nwon ni nkan b'o ba fee he wishes.
• •
l/Oko/ means 'grass' as well 'farm.'
81

;'/. ,/ "v /'

/ .... ,".... ... / / Ninu agbaia nW9ny1, nW9n
/'
ngbin
o j~ a~a larin aW9n xoruba 1ati
" / /, ... '" -......
/, .. ,/ / ... / /v / nkan g~g~b1 ~f~, 9~an, " "
agbado,
rna n~ agba1a kekeke 1 Tba i1e
.... " " . '" ,,;' /, ....
~pa at1 nkan kekeke t1 awpn
nwon •
• , ':'" ,
en1a Ie rna ta IOJa .
!t'V "
.
/.'
xi 'lEle ~ gbogbo i1~ i1~ Yorub~ / ;,,,,, "" , '" 'iI
1'0 nl agbala. Ti oko ba kun ninu agbala yi,

-=..: / ,," ..
bale ile yio pe ~~?n 9rn9
......
. ....
,Sugbon awo.n ti nW9n ba ni il~ to,
, -- n~
/, .ag
. . b'l/
" / /' /. ,,/
kekeke jo lati rOe I
nW9n rna a a.
" '/ / / /
Nigbati nW9n ba ro tan,
-
_/
",,,
0 le
fun nwon nl nkan b'eS ba fee
• •
o je.
rna ni
----- ---- Yoruba 1ati
agbala kekeke 1 Tba i1e rna ni
nwon.
I
Xi i,e pe _ L
Xi i~e pe gbogbo ile i1~ Yoruba
1'0 ni agbala. --- -- -----_ ..
Sugbon __ -- il~ to,
• •
pugbc;>n awc;>n ti nW9n __ -- --- --,
nwc;>n rna ni agbala. nW9n rna ni agbala.
Ninu agbala nW9nyi, Ninu agbala nW9nyi, nwc;>n ngbin

__________ ~f~, 9~an,
agbado, nkan g~g~bi ---, , ,
~pa ati tikan kekeke ti awon
• ___ ati nkan kekeke ti awon .
enia Ie rna ta loja. enia Ie rna ta loja .
• •
Ti oko ba kun ninu agbala yi, Ti oko ba kun ninu agbala yi,
bale ile yio pe __ -- --- yio pe aw?n 9rn9
______ __ 1ati rOt kekeke jo lati rOt
I
Nigbati ,ole Nigbati nW9n ba ro tan, 0 1e

fun nwon ni nkan b'o ba fee --- ---- -- ---- b'o ba fee
• • t
82

1. .
Da'ruko, okan ninu asa
" awon Yoruba.
2. Nj~ gbogbo ile ti 0 wa ni il~ Yoruba ro ni agbala?
3. Iru aW9n enia wo ni 0 nni agbala?
4. Kinni awon enia

•
rna gbin sinu agbala yi?
5. Ona wo ni nwon ngba lati toju agbala yi?

• • •
6. Kinni bale ile le ,e nigbati agbala yi bati ni it9ju tan?
8'3

GARDEN - TE~ 2
o j~ a9a larin aW9n Yoruba, papa It is a practice among the

Yoruba people to have gardens,
jul? lati ma ni Qgba nigbati especially when their house
ile nW<j>n ba tobi. is big.
Awon ti nwon ma se eleyi ni awon Those that usually do this are

I " •
the senior males of the house-
hale ile.
holds.
Nigbati nW9n b: f~ ~e ~gba, nW9n When they want to construct a

garden, they will fence it
yio ra igi yi ka tabi lati mo with sticks or build a wall
•
ogiri y1 ka. around it.
Aw?n 9m? kekeke ile ni yio ro oko The children at home will hoe
the garden when the garden is
nigbati oko ria ba kun. weedy (' full' ) .
Bale ile yio pe nwon yio si fun The senior male will call them
• and he will give them something.
nw<;>n ni nkan.
Nw9n rna gbin ~f9, agbado, 9san They usually plant vegetables,
corn, oranges and other things
, le ta
ati nkan miran ti nwon that they can sell in the
.
l'oja nibe. . market.
Awon
•
enia feran
t
lati rna ni ogba
•
People like to have small gardens
because it usually brings money
kekeke nitoripe i ma mu owo for them.
wole fun nwon.
• •
84

oj~.' a,-a "li'rin- aW<j>n YorUb~,

" --: ..... "
papa Bale ile yi..o pe nwon yio s i flin
..; •
JUI~ lati rna ni qgba n1gbati
/.." nwon nl. nkan.
•
. " ,,,,
1le nW9n ba tobi.
;' "'"
Nw9n rna gbin ~f9, agbado, 9san
"....
,
.... "" ..., ... v.. / / "
Ie
-
/ /
Awon ti nwon rna se eleyi ni awon ati nkan miran ti nwon ta
I
. ,
bale" l.le.
I . •
.
.....
/
l'oja nibe.
, ....
,
•
"",,, "'.......
Awon enia feran
I I
lati rna ni o.gba
/ .. / I "I" "," ,
kekeke nitoripe i rna rnu 0'110
wole, fun
"
nwon.
• •
" , ", ~
....",
Awon
• orno
I . kekeke ile ni yio ro oko
~ "
nigbati ~"
oko na ba kun.
o j~ a,a larin aW<j>n ¥oruba, papa Bale ile yio pe nwon yio si
•
.
julo lati rna ni qgba nigbati
_________ ----e
Nw9n rna
"" gbin , , _
ni awon ati ti nwon Ie ta
• •
.
I'oja nibe.
,
Nigbati nW9n b~ fff ~e '!gba, nwc;>n Awon

•
enia feran
I
yio ra ig1 yi ka tabi ---- -- kekeke nitoripe i rna rnu 0'110
wole fun nwon.

• •
Aw~n """ ro
c;>m? kekeke ile ni yio _
kun.

o j~ a~a larin awc;>n Yoruba, papa yio si fun

jul? __ __ _ nigbati nw?n ni nkan.
ile nW9n ba tobi.
Nw9n rna gbin ~f9, agbado, 9san
Awon
, ti nwon "" se
, rna , eleyi ni ati nkan rniran __ __ __
---- ---. .
l'oja nibe.
,
Nigbati nW9n ba
--- -- --- --
f~ ~e ~gba,
tabi lati rno

_ Awon enia feran lati rna ni ogba
"
kekeke nitoripe i rna rnu _
.
..-. •
ogiri yi ka.
Awon -__ ------ --- -- --- ro oko

I
nigbati oko na ba kun.
1. Ni igbawo ni aw?n Yoruba f~ran lati rna ni ?gba (agbala)

.
leba ile nwon'? .
2. Awon wo ni saba
,
rna se eleyi larin awon ebi?
I , •
3. .'
Ona meji wo ni nwon le gba se ogba'?
, ,
4. Awon
, tani yio ro oko nigbati agbala na ba kun'?
5. Kinni bale ile yio ~e fun awqn ti nW9n ro 9gba na'?
6. Da'ruko ohun ogbin ti
• I
0 wopo ninu o,gba.
' ,
7. Nitori kinni aW9n enia fi f~ran lati rna ni ~gba kekere l~ba
ile w<?n?
86

RAINY SEASON - TEXT 1
Asiko ojo ni ile, Yoruba bere

, , lati The rainy season in Yoruba
land begins from April
o~u k~rin qdun titi de o~u k~j9 [and goes] till August.
odun •
•
~ugbpn ni o~u keje 9dun, ojo a rna But in July it usually rains
heavily.
r9 puPq.
Ni asiko yi aw~n enia a rna j~ At this time, the people often

onjT ti 0 gbona, g~g~bi ~k9 - eat food which is hot, such
as eating of Indian corn meal
rnirnu tabi amola ti 0 gbona or yam flour turned with very
- "'"
dada.
• hot water.
L~hin na nW9n a tun rna 10 agborun Also they usually use an

umbrella to cover their
lati bo ori nwon. . heads •
,
--
Nwon tun feran lati ma wo aso ti
. I ••
They also like to wear thick
clothes and to wear caps
o nipon ati lati ma de fila ti that will cover their ears
•
yio bo eti nW9n l'asiko yi. at this time.
Ni igba ojo, il~ a ma Y9 19Pp19PQ1 During the rainy season, the

ground is always very slippery:
nitorina, eni ti yio ba rin ninu therefore, whoever walks in the
•
ojo yio mura k'o rna ~ubu. rain will be fully prepared so
as not to fall.
87

- ...........
.
".....
"
Asiko ojo ni ile Yoruba bere lati
/ ..... /
.
Lehin na nwon a tun rna 10 agborun
.• • •
....
.. lati bo ori nwqn •
~
osu k~rin odun titi de osu kejo

• • •
. " •
odun
, tun
Nwon
"
" /.......
feran lati rna wo aso /
., ti
-. /
~ugb?n ni o~u keje qd~n, ojo a rna

....... ;'
o nipon ati lati rna de flla ti
/
t
, ""
." ~..,/
/
r<;> puPq. yio bo eti nwon l'asiko yi.

•
/ ....., J
" /......... "--"""
Ni asiko yi awon enia a rna je,
"" .;" ~ "
. ' "-
Ni igba ojo, il~ a rna Y9 19P919Pq:

"/"'" ./ / y' '/
oilje ti 0 gbona, g~g~bJ.. E;k9 nitorina, eni ti yio ba rin ninu
" • , . .... " , , , ,,, •
mirnu tabi amola ti 0 gbona ojo yio mUra k'o rna ~ubU •
_ -v •
dada.
Asiko oJoo ni ile Yoruba bere Asiko ojo ni ile Yoruba bere lati
• • • • • •
titi de o~u k~j9 o~u k~rin qdun _
.
odun •
~ugbpn
______ e
ni o~u keje qdun, ojo . .
Sugbon ni ---- ----, ojo a rna
r<;> puPq.
Ni asiko yi aw~n enia a rna j~

_____ , gegebi ekn - onje ti 0 gbona,
.
Ni asiko yi awon enia a rna JOe,
_
., • T
•
rnirnu tabi amola
, ti 0 gbona ---- tabi amola ti 0 gbona
_ -v _ -v •
dada. dada.
L~hin
oJ
na nw?n a tun rna 10 ------- .

Lehin na agborun
lati bo ori nwqn.
Nwon
. tun
, feran lati rna wo aso
., ti . Nw~n tun __ __ ti
o ati lati rna de fila ti o nipon ati lati rna de fila ti
____________ l'asiko yi. •
yio bo eti nwon l'asiko yi.
•
Ni igba ojo, -- --------: Ni igba ojo, il~ a rna Y9 19P919Pq:
nitorina, eni ti yio ba rin ninu nitorina, eni ti yio ba rin ninu
• •
ojo yio mura k'o rna ,ubu. ojo yio rnura •
88
1. Ni asiko wo ni ojo bere

I , • ni ile, Yoruba?
2. Ninu osu wo ni ojo rna ro pupo?
• • •
3. Da'ruko iru onje, ti awon enia £eran lati rna je ni igba ojo.
• ,
• I
4. Kinni awon
, enia £i nbo ori nwon , ni igba ojo?
5. .. • •
-
Iru aso wo ni awon enia £eran lati rna wo ni asiko ojo?
• •
6. Se
, apejuwe iru fila ti awon
, enia nde ni igba ojo.
7. Ni tor i kinni eniti
, yio ba rin ninu ojo yio fi rnura ki
o rna ba ~ubu?
89

Ninu asiko ojo ni ile iwo orun

....
. ~
-- During the rainy season in the
Western Provinces of Nigeria,
Naijiria, ojo a rna r9 19P?I~P9.
it often rains heavily.
Eyi bere lati

, I
o~u k~rinl odun •
This begins from April [and
. ..
titi de osu kejo. goes] till August.
Ninu osu keje odun ojo a rna ro

. , I
In July, rain usually falls very
heavily.
pupo gan nil
I
Awpn enia a ma 10 9mbur~la lati People often use an umbrella

to cover their heads.
bo ori nW9n.
Nwnn
T
-
a si ma je, onje
, ,
ti 0 gbona, They also eat hot foods, such as
hot Indian corn meal or yam
gegebi eko gbigbona tabi amnIa.
" ,. T flour turned with very hot water.
They also wear thick clothes.
Il~ a ma y? pUP9 ni asiko yi. The ground is always very

slippery at this time.
Ara a si tun rna san bakanna. There is also thunder.
Ni asiko ojo aW9n enia frran lati During the rainy season people
like to plant crops.
ma gbin nkan oko.
l/keje/ corrected to /k~rin/ by the speaker.
90
,. " / ,. ~' ~,
Ninu asiko ojo ni i1~ 1W? orun
Na!jiria, ojo a rna 19Pp1?P9. rq
Eyi b~r~
• •
1ati o~u
T.
Kerin "
odun
•
" " " ,
titi de osu kejo. . .. " ..... / ..... " ... "
11~ a rna Y? pUP9 ni asiko yi.
~'"
Ninu ".' ,
o~u keje 9dun oJo a rna r9
/
, "
PUp? gan nil ~, "I' , / "
Ara a si tun rna san bakanna.
.. ", "
Awpn enia a rna 10
" , " ,-
"9rnbur~1a 1ati ,. ... '''' , ... ;" ,/
/,
bo or1 nW9n. Ni ~siko ojo aW9n enia f?ran lati
rna gbin nkan oko.
Ninu asiko --- -- 11~ a rna y? __ ___

Naijiria, ojo a rna rnT lopolopo.
,. , •
___ 1ati of?u k~rin

rna san bakanna.
odun
•
titi de o~u k~jq.
Ni asiko ojo lati
rna gbin nkan oko.
Ninu o~u keje 9dun --- - -- --
____ gan nil
Awpn enia a rna 10 9rnbur~1a 1ati

--- ----..
Nw9n a si rna j~ Qnje ti 0 gbona,

gegebi tabi •
, ,
.
Nwon ntun ___ ti 0 nipon.
,
91

Ninu asiko ojo ni lIe iwo, orun . NW9n a si rna j~ ,

Naijiria, -_ lopolopo.
, , .. gegebi
,. eko
, . gbigbona tabi amnIa.
T
Eyi bere ke.rin Nw?n ntun nw~ ~

• •
~--- -- --- ---~.
...., --- - -- Y9 pUP9 ni asiko yi •

ojo a rna ro
•
pup~ gan ni.
Ara a si tun _- --- bakanna.
Awpn enia a -- -- -----___ Iati
bo ori nW9n .. Ni asiko ojo aW9n enia f?ran lati
-- ---- ---- --~o
1.
••
-
Bawo ni ojo ti nro to ni iwo orun Naijiria ni asiko ojo?
•
2. Ojo bere
, .
lati osu
, titi de osu
,
3.
4.
Bawo ni ojo tise
'rna. . .
ro 8i ninu osu keje odun?
Kinni awon enia ma 10 agborun fun ni igba ojo?
•
5. Da'ruko onje rneji ti awon enia rna saba je ni asiko ojo.
• • • I
6. Ni igba ojo, awon enia a rna wo aso ti

• • • I
0
7. --- a .
ma san ni asiko ojo.
8. Kinni awon . .
, agbe rna. se ni asiko ojo? .
92

Ojo b~reT ni nkan bi osu

•
kerin
,
Rain begins [to fall] about
April [and goes] till August.
odun
t
titi de osu
"
keJ·o.
,
-./
Sugbon ojo yi a rna ro lopolopo
, , • " , I
But this rain is usually very
heavy in July.
ninu osu
, keje odun.
,
Onj~ ti aW9n enia f~ran ni igbayi, The foods which people like qt
this season are hot Indian
ohun ni eko
, ,
gbigbona ati amnIa
T corn meal and yam flour turned
t i 0 gbona dadci'. with very hot water.
Awc;>n enia a rna 10 agborun lati bo People often use an umbrella

to cover their heads.
ori nwon. I
..
~
Ara a rna san lopolopo l'asiko yi. It often thunders a lot at this
, ' time.
Awo.n enia a si tun rna wo aso ti 0 • I •

People also usually wear thick
clothes and thick caps to
niP9n ati fila ti 0 nip9n lati cover their ears.
,
bo eti nwon.
Il~ "'"
a rna Y9 gan l'asiko ojo. The ground is always very
slippery during the rainy
period.
,
Awon enia si feran lati rna diramu And people like to be prepared
• so that they may not fall.
ki nwon k'o ma
•
,ubu. ba
---Araa tun ma san. It often thunders.
93

" , ..... I / ......

~
Ojo b~r~ ni nkan bi o~u krrin " ...." ""';JI "
Awon
•
enia a si tun rna wo• aso
,T
ti 0
od~n
,
tit! de osu
' I
kejo.
T ni P9 n ati fila ti 0 nlp9n l~ti
/
bo eti nwon •
•
~ugbpn ojo yi a rn~ ro 1~pp19P?
';'" ,
ninu osu
, keje odun.
,
Onj~ ti aW9n en!a f~ran ni igbayi,

ohun ni eko
, •
gbigbona ati amola
1" "" S1 ~ "'. rna diramu/
/'
Awon enia feran lat1
tf. <5 gbana dada. . , b-~
•/
ki nw?n k' 01" rna a b /'
u. ,U
" ... "" ... -', ,
Awc;>n enia a rna 10 agborun lati bo .- / I" /
, Ara a tun rna san.
ori nwon. ,
~"Ara'" a rna san

, "" ,
lopoloP9
, '
,'"
, l'asiko yi. . ~
Ojo b~r~ ni nkan bi o~u krrin Awon

•
enia a si tun rna wo• aso
,T
ti 0
,
odun -- --- niP9n --- lati
bo eti nwon •
•
ninu osu
, keje odun.
, gan l'asiko ojo.
Onj~ ti aW9n enia f~ran ni igbayi,

ohun ni . ati _
ti 0 gbona dada.
Awc;>n enia a rna _ -___ bo

___ a tun rna san.
ori nwon.
,
~
Ara a lopolopo l' •

, t , ,
94

ojo b~ry __ __ _ _
Awon
•
enia a si tun rna -- --- I
odun
•
titi de osu
' I
kejn.
• -- ati fila ti 0 nipon 1ati
•
bo eti nwon.
a
~
~ugb?n ojo yi a rna -- 1
ninu osu
, lIe, -- --- l'asiko ojo.
______ ---- ----- ni igbayi,

ohun ni eko
, , gbigbona ati amn1a
ti 0 gbona dad~.
. Awon
, enia si feran
, 1ati rna
_________ a rna 10 agborun .-

Ara a tun --a
Ara a rna
"tJ
l'asiko yi.
1.
• • .
Larin osu ker in odun 5 i osu wo ni ojo bere, ni Naijiria?
• .
2. Ojo a rna ro lopolopo ninu osu, qdun.
• • I , ,
3. ati ni onj7 ti awon enia feran ni asiko ojo.

• I
4. Da'ruko ona rneji ti awon enia fi npa ara nwon

• I .
, mo, lowe
• •
ojo.
~
5. Yato 5i ile, yiyo kinni tun rna sele nigbati ojo ba nro?
• ,
• I •
•
95

DRY SEASON - TEXT 1
Asiko erun
,
bere
• •
ni nkan bi osu
"T
The dry season begins about
kokanla odun titi de o~u keta November [and goes] till
' . T • March.
odun titun.
I
Ninu osu kejila odun ati osu During December and January,
• • • the sun often shines intensely.
kinni 9dun orun a ma mu
lopolopo.
• • • I
L'asiko yi aW9n enia a ma j~ onj~ At this time people usually

ti 0 tutu. eat foods which are cold.
Eruku a ma P9 pUP9~ nitorina It is always very dusty; hence,

diseases like smallpox are
aisan g~g~bi ~anP9na 0 wPP9 common among the people.
larin awon
I
enia.
Nw?n f~ran lati ma 10 agborun. They love to use umbrellas.
--'
AW9n agb~ a ma kore i~u, ~pa, Farmers usually harvest yams,
groundnuts, maize and other
agbado ati nkan oko miran. farm products.
Igbe, dide, o w9P9 ni asuo yi. Hunting is common at this time.
•
~
•
-
Ni asiko erun na ni awon enia ma During the dry season people
often perform marriage
, igbeyawo.
se
ceremonies.
96

" "erun
Asiko , bere" nl.-: nkan bi' "
o.u , " ~ ,
Nwon feran 1ati rna 10 agborun.
.....,.
kokanla
,
,
odun titun.
, • t ( , ,;
I
"
odun tl.ti de ofu k~ta . ....
I •
,,, -', "

I AW9n agb~ a rna kore i~u, ~pa,
-.J ...
agbado ati nkan oko rniran.
Ninu , keji1a
'''' osu ''- ,-"
9dun ati osu"
.,; " , •
kinni 9dun orun a rna mU ~
,
~,
"
Igbr
",
did~
/, /
0 W?P9 ni asiko yi.
,'" " v
10P910po.
I • I I
L'asiko """ a rna

, ", yl.~"aW9n enia
"
j~
,
onj,
se ~
""~"
Ni asiko erun
,
"
, 19beyawo.
,
na ni awon enia rna
t:::.,
.
............... ,
tl./ , ;0' tutu.
"""", / LA
Eruku a rna P9 pUP91 nitorina
':- , ;',7" ", /,
a1san g~g~bl. ~anP9na 0 wPP9
'"
larin
, ,
awon enl.a •
,,~
-'
Asiko erun bere ni rikan bi osu Awon agbe a rna kore , ,
, I I .,. • •
kokan1a odun titi de
,
---~ I
______ ati nkan oko rniran.
---- -----.
Igbe dide 0 ----- yi.
Ninu osu keji1a odun ati osu
, '
• • •
kinni 9dun --__ - __ __
Ni ----- ---- -- awon enia rna
10P910po. •
I • I I se igbeyawo.
•
L'asiko yi aW9n enia
ti 0 tutu.
- -_ ----1 nitorina
aisan g~g~bi ~anP9na 0 wPP9
larin awon enia. I
Nwon
I
rna 10 agborun.
97

Asiko erun ---- __I
------- ?dun titi de

--
o~u k~ta
Nwon .
, feran 1ati __ __
odun titun.
I
AW9n agb~ , ~pa,
agbado ati nkan oko rniran.

Ninu osu
, ------ ---- ati ---
orun a rna rnu
o wC;>P9 ni asiko yi.
lopo10po.
I • I I
L'asiko yi aw?n enia a rna j~

Ni asiko erun na ni awon .
-J
, enia rna
.-"
-- --------.
Eruku a rna p~ PUP9i nitorina
----- ------ ------- 0 w~P9
1arin awon
f
enia.
1. . -.
Ni igbawo ni asiko erun bere, ni Naijiria? .
2. Asiko erun yi a ti rna
I I
p~ to~
3. Ninu awon . ~
, osu wo ni orun rna rnu 10po10po?

4. Iru onje, wo ni awon enia rna je ni asiko erun?
I
- I
• t • •
.
..y
5. Iru aisan wo ni 0 wopo

, ni asiko erun? . .
6. Kinni awqn enia f~ran lati rna 10 ni asiko yi?
7. lru ise . ....
, wo ni awqn agbe rna se ni asiko erun?
8. Yat9 si igb~ did~ kinni ohun ay? ti aW9n enia tun f~ran
lati rna se ,
, ni asiko erun?
98

DRY SEASON - TEXT 2
Osu
.,
titun ni asiko
. .
"'"
...
kokanla odun ati eketa odun
~run W~p?
November and March are the usual
periods for the dry season.
.Sugbon
'
. .
orun a rna mu pupo .
ninu osu
kejila ati osu kinni odun titun.
,
But the heat of the sun is often
intense in December and January.
..
Awon enia feran lati rna je onje ., People like to eat cold foods,
.. .
tutu, gegebi eko, emu ati omi
tutu.
"
such as cold Indian corn meal,
palm wine and cold water.
Aisan ti 0 P9 l'asiko igbayi ni a A disease which is very common

at this time is what we call
npe ni ~anP9nna, nitoripe eruku smallpox, because there is
much dust.
P9'
Aw~n enia a m~ 10 agborun lati be People often use an umbrella to
cover their heads.
ori nwon.
,
...,
AW9n agbr , nW9n a rna kore nkan The farmers usually harvest
their crops, such as groundnuts,
oko nwon, gegebi epa, isu, yams and maize.
• ••• •
agbado.
Awon agbe tun feran lati rna 10 de The farmers also love to go
• ••
igbe, lati 1e ba
pa eran. .
• • hunting in order to kill
animals.
Igbeyawo ati ohun ayo 0 pq ni Marriage and other occasions

• • for merriment are common at
asiko yi. this time.
99

, kokan1a
..., odun , "at1. 'k t d~ , ...... ""'V -, ""
Osu
• f . ' " .~ " ~ .....
titun n1 aS1ko erun wOP9.
~ ~ a 9 un
, .... .
Awon enia a ma 10 agborun lati bo
/,
• •• or1 nwon.
,
•
... ~~,
Sugbon
..... " .
""",,,, 'i'
orun a ma mu pup? n nu ofu"
"V" , .
"
Awon
• • •
,.
" nkan
,... nwon a ma kore
agbe,
. " iau,
'" epa,
-
keji1a at1 o~u kinni ~dun t1tun.
.
oko nwon, gegebi
" ""
agbado.
I..",.
.
"
Awon """
enia feran
"- 1ati ma je• ortjeI
• •
t<itu, gegebi e":1\.·o , emu ati omi " "" ~, ,
tutu.
• • " · •
:-- '"
19be
"
~. ...
, lat1 Ie ba pa eran.
- .
Awon agbe tun feran 1ati ma 10 de
I •
" " ti' "0 P9 1'asiko

Aisan , , " "igbay1
" " ~ n1 a\ . ... " ati ohun ay?""0
ripe nl fiJanP9nna, ni torl~ eruku
"
Igbeyawo pq... ni~
" ... " yi.
asiko "
W·"
•
Osu _ _ Awc;>n enia a m~ 10 agborun

•
_____ ni asiko ~run W~P? --- ----.
• •
------ ati
"'" mu puP9.
Sugbon orun a ma
odun
___
titun.
Awon agbe, nwon a ma kore nkan
• •
oko nwon,
•
gegebi , ,
-
, I I.
Awon enia feran 1ati ma""" je onje

" • I
tutu, gegebi ---, - __ ati _ Awon agbe tun feran 1ati ma 10 de
• • •
igbe,
• •
----I
I •
----.
Aisan ti 0 P9 1'asiko igbayi ni a

-------- ati ohun ay~ 0 pq ni
npe --- , nitoripe eruku
w· I

YORlTBA: INTERMEDIATE TEXTS
Osu
•
kokanla
f
odun
•
ati eketa
•••
odun .---- ---- - -- -- ------- lati bo
titun _ ori nwon.
,
~ugb9n ---- - -- -- ---- ninu o,U AW9n agbe,

•
kejila ati osu kinni odun titun.
• •
--- ----"
agbado.
Awon enia feran
• •
tutu.
'.
---- , gegebi eko,
., emu ati omi . Awon agbe tun feran lati ma
• • •
---- lati Ie ba pa eran.
•
Aisan ni a Igbeyawo ati 0 pq ni
npe ni ~anP9nna, nitoripe eruku asiko yi.
P9.
1. Asiko erun bere ni Naijiria lati

--- titi de
-Orun a ma mu pUP9 ninu --- ati osu,
I I t
2. o~u
3.
4.
. ti awon.enia,feran 1ati ma je. ni asiko -erun.
na'ruko. nkan meta
Nitori kinni aisan s,anponna fi wopoI ni asiko yi?
.
I
Kinni awon agbe feran lati ma kore ninu oko won ni igba erun?
T •• "
6. Kinni awon agbe tun feran lati ma se ni asiko yi?

I • • •
7. .
Ohun ayo wo ni 0
.
wopo, ni asiko erun? .
101

BUYIlla I'OOD IX qYq - TEXT 1
T1 a ba f~ ra nkan onJy n1 If we want to buy grocer1es

1n Oyo, we shall go to
?y?, a 0 19 81 ~Ja Ak~8an. Akesan Inarket.
H~ 9Ja y1 a nta or1~1r1q1 nKan, At th1s market we sell d1fferent

gegeb1 ogede, agbon,elubo , 1'U. k1nds of th1ngs, 11ke bananas,
• I '" • T ' coconuts, yam flour, yams, corn
agbado a t1 aW9n nkan InJ.l'an. and many other th1ngs.
N1b1bay1, a Ie Y9'wO ohun t1 a Here, we can barga1n for whatever

fet rae we want to buy.
En1 t'o nta oJa Y10 fe k1 8 san The one who 1S sel11ng w111
•
owe pupo,
•
. ..
•
, Bugbon en1 t1 0 nra
pJa a f~ 1at1 san owo t'o kere.
want us to pay much money, but
the one who 1S buy1ng w111 want
to pay a small amount of money.
T1 ao ba f~ ra nkan n1 9Ja y1, It we do not want to buy someth1ng

1n th18 market, we can go to the
a Ie 1~ S1 9Ja &qbu InJ.l'sn. b1g shops.
B1b1bay1, nw~n t1 k9 1ye t1 8 Here, they have wr1tten the amount

o san s'ars 9J8 nwqn. wh1ch we w1lI pay on the1r
merchand1se.
102

/ , ,
Tl. , a ba fe" ra nkan onJ~ nl. Enl. t 10 nta ~Ja
./
.- • , , " , • ./
" Y10
f~ k1." s slin
Oyo,
• t
a 6
/
81 OJ8 1«
, . Akftsan. owo PUp?,
... ,
" sugbon enl. t'l. 0 nra
/'
• • I
,-
~Ja a f~ Is
tl. san ow6 t'c kere.
~ '~'" ,..."...,
Nl. ~Ja yl. a nta nkan, Orl.'1r1~1
/'/'/"",,, , ........... " , ;' ",
T1 ao ba f~ ra nkan n~ 9J8 y1,
.t"
g?g~bl. 9g~d~, agb9n,elub9, 1fU,
, /,,':>'..,..,
agbado atl. aW9n nkan miran. a Ie 19 51 ~Ja sqbu M1ran.
/", / ... / , .. "";' ,

NlblbaY1, 8 Ie Y9'wO ohun t1. a N1b1bay1, nwon t1. ko• 1 11v e t1 a
' , •
feI rae o san s'ara PJ8" nwqn.
", /' /'
Tl. a ba f~ ra nkan onJ~ n1 T1 a ba fa ra

•
Oyo,
• ,
a 0 InT -- --- ------.
Nl. ?Ja y1 a ,
N1 ~Ja
y1 a nta or1'1r1q1 nkan,
g?g~b1 -----, -----,---_-, 1fU, g?g~b1 ?g~d~, agb9n,e1ub9, 1fU,
agbado at1 aW9n nkan m1ran. agbado at1 aW9n nkan m1raD.
N1b1bay1, a Ie t1. a N1b1bay1, a Ie Y9'wo _

fe rat -- __ I
•
~1 tlo nta ~Ja Y10 f~ --- --- --- --- Y10 f~ k1 a slin
____ , 5ugbon en1 t1.
• • I
0 nrs owo PUp?, ~ugb?n _
~Ja a f~ 1at1 I
~Ja a f~ 1at1 san owo t'o kere.
Tl. ao ba f~ ra nkan n1 9J8 y1, T1 ao ba f~ ,

a Ie 10 -- --- ---__ • a Ie I? 51 ~Ja sqbu M1.ran.
•
N1b1bay1, _ N1b1bay1, nw~n t1. k9 1ye t1 a

o san _
- --- s'ara ~J8 nwqn. I.
103

YOR UBA : INTERMEDIATE TEXT S
1. Oja wo ni ao 10 ti a ba fe ra nkan onje ni Qyo?

• • • •• •
2. Da'ruko orisirisi nkan ti a nta ni oja na.
• • • •
-
3. Nje a 1e yo'wo nkan ni o.ja na?
• •
4. Bawo ni eniti nta oja yio ~e fe ki eniti nra oja san owo si?
• • •• •
5. Ti a ko ba fe ra nkan ni oja yi nibo ni a tun 1e 10?
• • •
6. Kinni iyato ti 0 wa 1arin oja yi ati ti akoko?
• • • •
104

BUnKO roOD IR 91"9 - TEXT 2
T1 a ba f? ra onJ~ n1 9Yq, 8 If we want to buy food 1n ayo,

o 10, S1 oJa
• AkA~8n.
T
we shall go to Akesan market.
N1 9Ja 1 1 or1~1r1~1 onJ~ n1 0 In th1s market there are d1fferent

wa n1b~J nwqn nta nkan b1 k1nds of foods; they sell th1ngS
l1ke corn, yams, bananas,
agbado, 1~U, ~g~d~, agbqn coconuts and many other types
at'or1~1r1~1 nkan m1ran. of th1ngs.
Awon
, t'o nta'Ja 110 t1 Ie nkan fhe sellers w111 have arranged,
nW9n11 s1l?J nW9n 0 81 8? 1n l1ttle heaps, the1r merchsn-
d1se, and w1ll have sa1d how
1ye t1 a 0 san tun nW9n. much we w1ll pay for them.
B1 a ko ba fe~ra kLnn1 y1 n1 If we do not want to buy th1s

•
9Ja kekeke, 8 0 l~ 81 sqbu product 1n the local market,
we shall go to b1g shops
t '0 tob1. ( 'supermarkets' ).
N1nu aw~n s9bu nW9ny1, nW9n t1 In these shops they have wr1tten
ko 11e owo t1 8 0 san sara how much we are to pay on each
• ot the art1cles •
oJa
I
kOkan.
•
AW9n 9Ja ti nwqn nta n1b? ko The goods wh1ch they sell there
f1 be. '
won pupa.
. are not very costly.
105

/ ,. / /
,. , , , .., ,
Tl. a ba feI ra onJft nl.
,. , , /
9Y'1, e B1 a ko" b~ fa ra kuml. 1'l. nl.
, " "
......
(, 10 51 C?Ja Akff~an. ' ... ~ • /
I 9Ja" kekeke,
,
8 0 10• 8l. sobu
,
t'o tabl..
,/ .... .,::;, ", "

Nl.nu aw~n 59bu nW9n1'1, nW9n t1
., "
. t1 8 0'" san sara
ko 1ye... cwo,.,.
OJ8 kOkan.
• •
... ;' , , , ...... ., ., ./
Awon t'o nta ' Ja "10 tl. Ie nkan " n1be" ko"
AW9n 9J8" tl. nwqn nta
• " , •
" " 5l.1eJ
nwc;>nyl. I
"-
nwon 0" 8l. so
• ~
. ., ."
flo be lIqn pupa.
~
• •
1ye t1'" a 0 san .f\m
" nwon.
•
T1 a ba fe ra --_, 8
T1 - -- -- -- ---- nl. 9"'1, 8
I
o I? 51 C?J8 Akff~an. o 10 51 OJ8 AkA~an.

I T •
Nl. 9Ja y1 Orl.~1r1~1 onJ~ n1 0 N1 __ __ _

wa n1b~J nwqn nts nkan bl.
______ , -----, _
.
-- n1be., nwon nta nkan bl. .
1~U,
agbado, 1~U, ~g~d~, agbqn
8t'or1~l.r1~1 nkan m1ran. at'Orl.~1r1~1 nkan ml.ran.
Awon t'o nta'Ja ,.l.0 -- Awon t'o nta'Ja 1'l.O tl. Ie nkan
• •
______ ----J nW9n 0 8l. S? nwc;>nyl. 51.1~J nW9n 0 81 S?
l.ye tl. a 0 san run nW9n. ---_.
Bl. a ko ba fe ra kuml. 1'l. -- ~ -- -- -- -- ----- -- nl.
•
------, a 0 1~ 81 sqbu 9Ja kekeke, 8 0 1~ 81 sqbu
t '0 tOb1. t '0 tab1.
N1nu aw~n , nW9n t1 N1nu aw~n S9bu nW9n1'1, _

ko 1ye OWO tl. 8 0 san sara -~ --- --- t1 8 0 san sara
• ;w ;w
oJa kokan. OJ8 kokan.
• • • •
AW9n 9J8 -- ---- --- ---- ko

-- -- --- ---_. fl. b~ wqn pupq.
106
1. Nibo ni qja Ak 7san wa?

2. Kinni awon ohun ti a Ie ri ra ni oja Akesan?
• I •
3. . . .,.,.
Bawo ni awon ti nta oja yio tise toju oja nwon sile fun tita?
4. Lehin oja kekeke nibo ni a tun gbe Ie ra nkan onje?

• • •
5. Kinni nwon
., . .
ko sara oja kokan ni ile itaja yi?
6. .. .
Bawo ni awon oja ti nwon nta nibe, se
, gbe owo lori ai?
107

FOOD PREFERENCES - TEXT 1
OnJ' tl aW9n Yoruba f~ran pupq The foods Wh1Ch the Yoruba
people 11ke very much come
wa latl ara l~U atl gbaguda. from yam and cassava.
Lara l~U a nnl elub9J lara From yam, we have yam flour;
from cassava, we have 'gar1'
gbaguda a nnl garl. (cassava meal).
Aw?n Yoruba f~ran latl rna J~ The Yoruba people 11ke to eat
pounded bOlled yam; Whlch 18
lyan, eYltl a n~e lara l~U. made from yams.
lyan atl qka am9la nl onJ~ tl Pounded bOlled yam and amola
(made from yam flour) were
9w9n Yoruba tl f~ran t~l~t~l~ once the staple foods of
rl; ~ugb9n nl 19bayl ~P91qp9 the Yoruba people; but
now many Yoruba people eat
aW9n Yoruba nl nJ~ ~ba t l a eba, WhlCh 1S made from
n~e lara gbaguda. cassava. (Prepared by pourlng
garl lnto b01llng water.)
Gbaguda J~ ohun tl 0 ~e patak1 Cassava 18 a very lmportant food

crop to the Yoruba people.
PUp? fun awqn Yoruba.
;,"" ,,,,, ~ ...

lyan atl qka am9la nl onJ~ tl
OnJ' "
ti aW9n Yoruba f~ran pupq
" .... ~ v , aW9n Yoruba tl f~ran t~l~t~l~
wa latl ara l~U atl gbaguda.
ri; ~ugb9n nl igbaY1 ~P91qp9
, " ...... ,-'- ;"
/ .... //" ... ~

aW9n Yoruba nl nJ~ ~ba t l 8
Lara l~U a nnl elub9J lara " '" " ,
n~e lara gbaguda •
/
.,. ",. ~ ...-'
gbaguda a nn1 garl.
... v;' / / , .........
"...... ... Gbaguda J~

ohun tl 0 ~e patak1
"
AW9n Yoruba f~ran latl rna J~
p~po fun 8wqn YorUb&.
1y;n, eY1ti a n~e lara l~U. •
108
-- ---- ------ ----- pupq

---- --- --- --- -------. wa latl ara l~U atl gbaguda.
Lara l~U a --- -----J lara Lara --- elub9J lara

gbaguda a • ....,
------- - --- garl.
AW9n Yoruba f~ran ---- -- Je, AW9n Yoruba f~ran latl -- --

lyan, _ - l~U.
____, eYltl a n~e lara •
---- atl --- ----- nl onJ~ tl Iyan atl qka am9la nl onJ~ tl
aW9n Yoruba tl fyran t~l~t~l~ aW9n Yoruba _
rl; ~ugb9n nl 19bayl ~P9l9P9 --J ~ugb9n nl 19bayl _
aW9n Yoruba nl nJ~ -- - ---------- -- --- ---- t1 8
___ lara • n~e lara gbaguda.
Gbaguda J~ ohun tl 0 ~e patak1 ------- J~ ohun t l 0 --

PUp? --- ------. fun 8wqn Yoruba.
1. Lara kinni onje ti awon Yoruba feran pupo ti wa?

I ' , I
2. Kinni a nni lati ara i~u?
3. Kinni a nni lati ara gbaguda?
4. Teletele ri, awon onje wo ni awon Yoruba feran lati

• • I I . , ' •
rna je?
,
5. Kinni onje• ti opolopo

• f
awon Yoruba nje, ni igbayi?
, . ,
109

FOOD PREFERENOES - TEXT 2
OnJ~ t'o ~e patak1 pUP9 run The most 1mportant foods for
awon Yoruba wa lara gbaguda the Yoruba people are der1ved
• from cassava and yam •
Lara gbaguda, a n~e gar1. From cassava, we make 'gar1'

(cassava meal).
Lara 1~U a nn1 1yan at1 9ka From yam, we have pounded b011ed
elubo. . yam and th1ck porr1dge made of
yam flour •
AW9n Yoruba 1yan pUP9

f~ran The Yoruba people l1ked pounded
b01led yam very much at one
t~l¥t~l~ r1; ~ugb9n n1 t1me; but now many of them
19bay1 ?P919P? Ito nJ~ ~ba. eat eba.
~ba J~ ohun t1 0 dara. Eba 18 good food.
AW9n Yoruba f~ran lat1 rna J~ The Yoruba people are fond of
1yan at1 oka elubo. pounded b01led yam and th1ck
• • porr1dge made of yam flour.
" '" ~e patak1-.......... " ..... ,,, / , "".,

OnJ~ tWo pUP9 run
/"
AW9n Yoruba f~ran 1yan pUP9
... ......, ~
awqn Yoruba wa lara gbaguda
/ ..., I
t~l~t~l~ rl; ~ugb9n ni
"'- " "
at1 1~U. 19bay1 .",
?P9l9P? 1'0 nJ~ ~ba.
,. ~.,
/
Lara gbaguda,
"'".
8 n~e
/
gar1. ~ba J~ ohun ti 6 dara.
AW9n Yoruba f~r~n 18 t1 mi J~

".
Lara 1~U
'// "
a nn1 1yan at1 9ka
/ ........
,/," ,elubO.
" .,
1yan at1 oka
.
I •
~lubo •
110
____ --- -- ---___ pUP9 run OnJ~ t'o ~e _

aW9n Yoruba wa lara gbaguda __________ wa lara gbaguda
a tl. l.~u. .
a tl lSU.
Lara gbaguda, a • Lara , 8 n~e gBr1.
a nnl 1yan at1 oka Lara l~U a nnl at1 _

•
elubo. . ----- .
AW9n ------ ----- lyan pUP9 AW9n Yoruba f~ran ---- _

t~l~t~l~ rl.; ~ugb9n n1 ________ --; ~ugb9n n1
19bayl opo1opo
, 1'0 ...---. 19bayl ?P919P? 1'0 nJ~ ~ba.
--- -- ----t tl 0 dare. Eba Je ohun

• • -- - ---_.
AW9n Yoruba f9ran 1at1 mi J~ AW9n Yoruba f9ran _
lyan --- -----e ____ a t1 oks elubo.
• •
1. , gari 1ati ara

, , yi: "A nee
Pari gbo1ohun oro - -. "
2. , a nni
"Lara isu ati -_. "
-
3. .
Nje eba je, onjeI ti 0 dara?
4. , Yoruba feran
"Awon , lati rna je
, ati "
5. Ninu oka elubo ati gari, onjeI wo ni Yoruba feran
, PUp? ju?
I
•
III

POOD PREP'ERENCES - TEXT .3
OnJ~ t'o ~e patakl llr1n aW9n Important foods among the Yoruba
Yoruba Ill. 1yan a t1 ft be • people are pounded bOlled yam
and eba.
A nn1 1yan lara 1SU •

•
Pounded bOlled yam 1S derlved
from yam. ('We have pounded
bOl1ed yam from yam. ,)
A 81 tun nn1 oka

•
sMola
•
lara A thlck porrldge 1S also derlved
lSU.
from yam. ('We also have B
• thlck porrldge from yam. ,)
From cassava, we have 'gar1,'

or farlna-l1ke cereal.
T~l~t~l~ rl 8wqn Yoruba r~r8n Orlg1nally the Yoruba people

preferred to eat pounded
lat1 mft J~ lyan atl 9 ka bOlled yam and thlck porr1dge'
amola,
•
~ugbon nlgba t
y.
T 1 opolopo
1. • , • made of yam flour\ but these
days many [peopleJ eat eba.
l'onJ~ ~ba.
Eba nwa lara gbaguda. Eba 18 derlved from cassava •

•
~ba J~ onJ~
tl 0 da~a, ,ugbqn Eba 18 a good food, but pounded
lyan atl yka am~la dara JU bOlled yam and the thlck
porr1dge made from yam flour
eba 10.
I •
are better than aba.
112

'" ", ................ .... ' " ' ' r1,...aW9n Yoruba ..."
onJ~ t'o ~e patak1 lir1n aW9n Tel~t~l~
/'
f~ran
YOrUba n1 1yan at1 ~b8. /
lat1 rna J~ 1yan""",
at1 9k8
, ......... ... / ... / .... '"
;' ....
amola, ~ugbon n1gbay1 opolopo
• • • • • •
...... ""
A nn1 1yan lara 1SU.
/ /
. 1'onJe. eba
. .
A s1 tUn nni oka smola lara ',/ / /,.,. ...... ;'
~ba J~ onJ~ t1 0 dare, ~ugbqn

t •
1SU.
• 1yan at1 9k8 8m~18 dart JU
eba
I
10.
•
OnJe• t'o se
•
patak1 lir1n ---- OnJe t'o se patak1 ----- ----
t •
_.___ a t1 • ------ n1 1yan at1 ~bI.
A nn1 1yan ___ • A nn1 ---- 1SU.

•
A S1 tun nn1 --- lara A S1 tun nn1 lara

1SU •
•
___________ a nn1 gar1. N1nu gbaguda ----I
T~l~t~l~ r1 aW9n Yoruba f~ran

lat1 rna J~ 1yan at1 9ka
am91a, ------ ------- ------- -----, ~ugbo.n n1gbaY1 opolopo
• • • •
l'onJe l'onJ~ ~ba.
•
______ lara gbaguda. Eba nwa lara -------

• .
Eba __ __ _ , ~ugbqn
~ba J~ onJ~ t1 0 dare, ,ugbqn
• ____ at1 dara JU
1yan at1 9ka amq18 dara JU
eba
I
10.
•
eba
t
10.
•
113

1. Da oruko onje, meta

, ti se pataki larin awon
0 , Yoruba.
I
•
2. Bi eba
, tise
, je si gbaguda be, g7g~ ni iyan je, si
I - -.
3. . .
Lara kinni oka amola ti nwa?
4. , meji wo ni o dara ju larin:

Onje , amola?
iyan, eba, ati oka
• ,
5. Nje, awon
, Yoruba feran
, eba
, teletele
, , , , ri?
114

TRADITIONAL YORUBA MEALS - TEXT 1
. , Yoruba
Igba meta ni awon rna The Yorubas eat three times
a day.
jeun
, lojurno.
,
L' aro
.nwon
, a rna rnu eko, gbigbona. In the mornings they usually
eat hot Indian corn meal
,
~lu akara. with a deep fat fried bean
cake called 'akara.'
. . I.
Ni osan nwon nje oka amola, , At noon they usually eat
turned yam flour, pounded
iyan tabi eba. , yam or eba (prepared by
pouring gari into boiling
water) .
Eyi ni nW9n nje, .

~lu
- obe ,
, , egusi, These they eat with melon soup,
okra soup and good fish.
ila ati eja ti 0 dara •
•
T'o ba di owo
" ale, nwon
, nje, . Towards evening they usually
eat cold Indian corn meal.
.
eko, tutu •
Baba ni yio k?k9 jT ti 7 , l~hin The father will first eat his
own, then the mother will
na iya yio jet eat .
•
o
o jot jet
,
.
Ie joko pelu awon orno ki nwon
'" . She can sit and eat together
with the children,_ that they
[may] eat together.
-J
Ori ~ni ni nW9n ti ma j~ onj~ They usually eat the food while
sitting on a mat.
nW9nyi.
115

Awon enia wa ki ilo agunje, tabi Our people do not use either
I
forks or spoons.
sibi.
I
Owo ni nwon fi njeun, sugbon They use their hands for eating,
, I " T ,
but they will see that their
nwon I
0 ri pe owo yi, , •
0 mo , hands are very clean ('that
daradara. this hand, it is very clean').
... ... / ,
....
, Yoruba ma
Igba meta ni awon
, , . ;'
~
/ , ",
Ori ~ni ni nW9n ti ma j~ onJ~
... /,
~ "'.
jeun
, lojumo.
, nW9nY1.
,v "
L' aro, nwon
, a rna mu eko
I ,
""",
gbigbona , , ........ ''''''~ ,"
Awon enia wa ki ilo agunje tabi
" ,
I ,
pelu t
akara. sibi.
I
/ "
Owo ni nwon fi njeun,
/ ..."
~ugb9n
" ,,'v,. " ""t , ,
nW9n 0 ri pe ?W? y1, 0 m9
, ;'
daradara.
" .,.~.",. ..... ", ,,"

Eyi ni nW9n nJ~ ~l~ 9b~ ~gusi,
;' , , , ~
, ti 0 dara.
ila ati eja
"t'
T'o ba di owo ale, nwon njeI
, / , ""
I' , ,
... '"
, , tutu.
eko
'" "'....,. ...., ......

Baba ni yio koko je ti~, lehin
:::::. ...." '" t I ,
na iya yio j~.
, ,
o le joke, pelu awon
'. .---,.
. ,orno ki nwon , .
o J? J7-
116

YORUBA~ INTERMEDIATE TEXTS
Igba __ _ _ '"
rna Igba meta ni awon Yoruba rna
------ .
t •
jeun
, lojumO.
,
pelu akara.
, , gbigbona
eko L' aro, nwon a __.
I
Ni osan nwon _ -- --- nje oka am01a,

• i --- -----J •• •
iyan tabi eba • iyan tabi eba.
• •
Eyi ni
ila ati eja ti 0
obe
, , eguai,
dara.
, Eyi ni nW9n nje, ~lu obe
___ ati ti 0 dara.
. ,. -----,
~
T'o __ -- --- --- , , nje,

nwon T'o ba di cwo ale, _
't •
.
eko, tutu.
,
-- ---, lehin' Baba ni yio koko je tie"
I I •
_
na iya yio je.
, --- --- --,
o le joko ~1u awon orno -- ---- o Ie ___ ki nwon

•
- -- --.
• f • f
o jot je.
,
Ori eni
•
onje, ni nW9n ti rna - j~
nwonyi.
• ------ .
Awon __ __ agunje tabi AW9n enia wa ki i10 tabi

• •
sibi.
I
OWo
, , ni nwon
, £i njeun, ------ . OWo ni nwon £i njeun, sugb9n
.
• • • t '
-- ---, 0 m9 .
nwon 0 ri pe owo
, yi, _
daradara .. --------.
117

1. AW9n Yoruba a saba rna j~un ni igba rnelo lojum9?

2. Ni igbawo ni nwon
t
rna mu eko
• ,
gbigbona pelu
,
akara?
3. Qka am91a tabi iyan j~ onj~ ti aW9n Yoruba f~ran ni
.
asiko wo lojo? .
4. na'ruko• obe
t
rneji ti
I
0 dara fun iyan ati oka arnola.
, •
5. Ni asiko
,
wo lojumot ni awon Yoruba feran lati rna je eko tutu?
I • , I I
6. Tani yio koko jeun ninu iya ati baba?

• I I
7. Nibo ni aw?n Yoruba ti njoko j~un?
8. .
Kinni awon baba nla ati iya nla wa fi njeun?
,
9.
118

TRADITIONAL YORUBA MEALS - TEXT 2
Emeta
, " ni awon Yoruba rna jeun
,
lojumo.
. The Yorubas usually eat three
times a day.
..
AJ _
Laro nwon a rna mu eko gbigbona In the mornings they usually

" eat hot Indian corn meal
~lu akara. with akara (deep fat fried
bean cake).
.
Ni osan, nwon Ie je oka amola,
,
iyan tabi eba.
,
" . At noon, they can eat turned
yam flour, pounded yam or
eba.
Eyi ni nw~n nj~ ~lu ?b r teo These they eat with palatable
,..
dara gegebi egusi,
ila tabi gbegiri •
-...J
iS,apa,
soups such as melon soup,
ishakpa soup (a common
pot-herb), okra soup or
• bean soup.
T'o'ba di owo ale,

, nwon ..
, yio J'e, Towards evening, they will eat
cold Indian corn meal.
, , tutu.
eko
Ti nwon ba fe je onje yi, iya If they are about to eat this

• " t
food, the mother will first
yio koko
, t
to,ju ti baba fun, of all serve the father,
lehin
,
na on ati awon
,
omo
t •
yio then she and the children
jo• joko lati jeI tiwo.n. will sit together to eat
their own food.
.
Ori eni ni nwon
, 0 ti je onje yi.
"
They will eat this food on a
mat.
Nwon ko ni 10 agunjy tabi Ejibi. They will not use forks or

• spoons.
OWo ni nwon fi nje. They will eat it with their

~
• • • hands.
119

"
, ", .' ni, ~won Yoruba
Emeta
10Jumo. I
rna .
jeun
T'o ba" di
,/
.....
eko
I ,
""
tutu"
~.
, nwon
" owo, ale,
••
'" yio
'" j~
T
,,,, . ... /' /

, ba
'" nwon
Ti
"" " . .., , ,
fe je onJe yi, iya
Lara f (
, , gbigbona
nwon a ma rnu eko ./' v , ~,/ ! •
yio koko to,ju ti baba fun,
,.
~lu akara& • ~• ,- " '

• ",'"
lehin na on ati aW9n orno yio
....
• v <""
{ ~
j9 joko lati jer tiw9n.
, '" , ,
Ori eni
•
ni nwon 0 ti je onje yi.
I t '
.,.. , , -,
OWo
t. •
ni nwon
•
fi nje.
•
Emeta n~ awon Yoruba __ _ _ Ti nwon ba fe• J'et onJ'e• y1 , - - -

, ' , ,
---- -- ---- ---,

lehin
•
na on ati awon
T
orno
, t
yio
, , gbigbona
eko j9 joko lati je tiw9n.
•
~lu akara •
•
Ori eni
, onje, yi.
-- ----) ---- -- oka amola,

• •
iyan tabi eba.
, Nwon
, ko ni 10 tabi ----I
Eyi ni nW9n nj7 ~lu ?by t'o ni nwon fi nje.

dara ..-v
g~g~bi , , • •
--- tabi •
TiC ba di 9w~ al~, _
120

----- -- awon
,
lojumo.
, Yoruba rna jeun . ---
,
eko .
tutu.
, nw?n yio j~
--.J
Laro, nwon a rna rnu --- Ti nw?n ba f T jr onjr yi, iya
_________ e yio k9kp t9ju ti baba fun,
l~hin na -- --- ---- --~ yio
j9 joko lati jT tiwqn.
. , Ie je,
Ni osan, nwon
____ tabi .
--- -----,
Ori eni
•
ni nwon
I
0 -- -- - -_.
Eyi ni nw?n nj~ ~lu

--v Nw?n - agunj~ tabi ~ibi.
gegebi
• I
egusi,
,
ila tabi gbegiri .

•
OWo ni
~ .
1.
2.
Igba
Akara ati kinni awnn Yoruba rna je l'aro?

.'
ni awon Yoruba rna jeun 10jumo.
.
T "
3. Kinni nkan meta

,ti.awon Yoruba 1e je ni osan? ..
4. Da'ruko obe merin ti awon Yoruba 1e 10 fun awon onje w9nyi.
• • I ' . ' •
5. Kinni awon
I Yoruba rna je
.ni
,cwo
. ale?
,
6. . , npin ara won

Ona wo ni nwon
•
si fun onje jije yi?
• •
7. Nibo ni nwon yio ti je onje na?
I • •
8. Kinni nwon n10 lati fi je onjeI na?
I I
121

HAVING COMPANY - TEXT 1
.
Ni ile Yoruba a ki nso fun enia
......
. ,
In Yoruba land, we don't
usually say to a person,
wipe 'Wa si'le mi wa jeun
, ale,
• 'Come to my house for
tabi 'Mo fe ri <;> 1qsan, wa j~un dinner' or 'I want to see
I
, you at noon, come and eat
9 san lodo
• •
mi.
lunch with me. '
Sugbon ti ore kan t'o ba 10

• • I • •
But if a friend goes to visit
his friend at home, whatever
ki ore re• n'ile, onje ti 0 ba
., I food he finds in the house
ba ni ile arakunrin y~n ohun of that man is what he will
na ni yio je l'osan tabi l'ale. eat, [be it] at noon or in
I I t
the evening.
B'o ba si jepe l'aro na 1'0 10,

• I •
And if he goes in the morning,
whatever he finds at their
nkan t'o ba ba lodo nwon ni
•• • house is what he will eat.
yio j~.
T'o ba di asiko odun

, gegebi .. At the time of any festival,
such as Christmas, the
keresimesi, awon Yoruba feran
• • Yoruba people love to kill
lati ma pa eran ati lati ma se animals and to cook foods
•
. ,'.
onje gegebi iresi tabi amola
tabi iyan.
. like rice, turned yam-flour
or pounded yam.
Ohun ti alejo yi abi aW9n t'o Whatever this guest or those

to whom he has come to visit
ba wa ki nwon ba ba nkan na
t get, that is what they will
ni nwon 0 je. eat.
• •
-
B"""
7 gan ni ni asiko igbe'yawo tabi It is equally true during the
omo siso l'oruko.
•• I • naming ceremony.
122

... '"
. ..
~
...... ........... '/./" ./ .///
.
"- ~
Ni ile} Yoruba a ki """ nso fun enia ./

T'o ba di asiko odun gegebi
'"
wipe
"
tabi /
twa si'l~ mi wa jeun ale '
..-;
'Mo fe rl. 0 lqsan,
'
'" ..., • wa jeun
/
/'
. ,
./
."..
.......
keresimesi, awon Yoruba feran
'" .
~
""
Iatl. rna pa Tran atl. 1atl. ma ~e
....
I
,/.
/
I
~
, , •
.., .
I I
" '"
lodo" mi.
"- /, / .....
/ / ........
osan ./
on)e. gegebi iresi tabi amola
• I
• " , /' ,/
tabi l.yan.
"
,
.....
Sugbon
..
/....
ti ore,
... "'/
/ '
kan teo ba 10
, .
/
. Ohun ti~"
a1ejo..."...../.....
yi abi aW9n teo /
.
/ / //'
ki ore re n'ile, onje ti 0 ba
" , , '< /' ~
b'a wa k l. nwon ba ba nkan na
~
ba ni ile arakunrin y~n ohun , / ,

•
~
na ni yio je l'osan tabi l'ale.
/' /v " ,,/ nl. nW9n 0 J~.
I' .
..c,.., , , ........... ,,/ ''''
, ,..., B~ gan ni ni asiko igbe'yawo tabi
~
B'a ba si "
,./
JTpe l'aro na 1'0 10, omo ~
91.S0 1 ,~'
oruko• •
• •
nkan teo ba ba lodo" nwon ni
• t ,
".
,/ • • •
yio j~.
""" ns? fun enia T'o ba di _

Ni i1~ Yoruba a ki
wipe twa si'le mi wa jeun ale,'
tabi' __ __ _ • __ _ t _
___ ---. , awon Yoruba feran
lati rna pa eran ati __ __
. .
•
• ---- --. ------ ----- tabi amo1a
I
tabi iyan.
, . I • •
Ohun ti alejo yi ___
--- -- -----, onje ti 0 ba
•
ba ni ile arakunrin yen ohun . -- ---- -- -- nkan na
ni nwon 0 J'e.
na ni yio je l'osan tabi l'ale. I •
I' .
"" ,..,
B~ gan ni tabi
B'o ba si j~pe 1'--- ,
nkan teo ba ba lodo nwon ni
•• •
omo siso l'oruko.
'" .
yio jet
•
123

Ni il~
"'-
Yoruba a ki nso fun enia. T'o ba di asiko odun gegebi . ..
wipe ----- -- -- keresimesi. awon Yoruba feran
• •
tabi 'Mo fe ri 9 1qsan. wa j~un -- -- ---- ati 1ati ma se
9 san lodo
• •
•
mi.
,
tabi iyan.
,..
onje. gegebi iresi tabi amo1a .
•• • • • Ohun ti a1ejo yi abi aW9n teo
ki ore
"
re n'ile. .
---- -- -
_________ --_ ohun ba wa ki nW9n ba ba __
na ni yio je l'osan tabi l'a1e.

I' ·
"" gan ni ni asiko
B'o ba si jepe l'aro na 1'0 10,
._______
Be ,.."
1' •
---- tabi
• • •
nkan t'o ba ba 10do nwon
_____ e
•• •
"Y
1. Da'rukp 9kan ninu aw~n ohun ti ki i saba ~e a~a aW9n Yoruba.
2. Iru onj~ wo ni a1ejo ti 0 ba 1? ki ~r~ r 7 yio j7 ni i1e

., re na?
ore .
3. Kinni awon
. Yoruba feran
, 1ati ma I
se ni.
asiko
, odun keresimesi?
4. Ni asiko meji wo ni awon Yoruba tun feran 1ati ma se inawo?

• I , •
124

HAVING COMPANY - TEX'r 2
Gegebi a~a Yoruba, a

e"
kI
so fun According to the Yoruba custom,
we do not usually say to a
enia pe, 'Me fe ri c n~ile mi
I , person, ~I want to see you in
lale yi lati wa jeun,\ tabi 'Wa
, II
my house this evening for
dinner' or 'Come to my house
si'le mi l'~san lati wa j~un.' at noon to eat . '
~ugb?n bi alejo ba 19 ki onile, But if a visitor goes to greet

a host, whatever he (the
ohun t'o ba ba lodo
T.
re, gan, visitor) sees at the hostes
ohun na leon na 0 f'enu pal place is what he will eat.
I
Kiba~epe l'aro, ni, t'o jepe

, ,.
eko Be it in the morning, which
-' is the time for eating hot
mimu ni) ohun ti on na 0 mu nUl Indian corn meal, that is
what he (the visitor) will
eat.
Iba?epe l'?san ni tabi l'al~, Be it at noon or in the

evening, whatever he sees
ohun t' 0 ba ba n' gbana gan at that time is what he
ni yio j~. will eat.
~ugb?n l'asiko 9dun tabi igba But during an annual festival

or marriage ceremony or
igbe'yawo tabi qm~ sis9 child naming ceremony,
l'orukp, ohunkohun ti aW9n whatever the hosts cook
is what the visitors will
onile ba se ohun na ni alejo eat.
yio jf(.
Nigbayi nW9n a ma pa ~ran, nwqn At this time, they usually

kill animals, and they
a si ma se onj~ 1?P?l9P Q fun usually cook a lot of food
aW9n alejo. for the guests.
125

.
Gegebi
,
"
- " , ' "a~a Yoruba, a ki
enlci pe, •Mo fe ri" 0 n'ile
...
,
. so, fun
mi .
-
v
",
.... ~
Iba~epe
, '" "'" ' ' ' ' , ...
l'osan ni tabi l'al~,
ohun t'o ba ba n'gban~ gan
....." '"
I
,
".
lale yi lati wa jeun,' tab!

I
•
'wa ni yio j~.
si'l~ mi l'~san lati w~ j~un.'
.. , /" ;' ... ./""
~ugb?n l'asiko 9dun tabi igba
... , " :- ,"
, ..... ,
Sugbon bi... alejo ba 10"ki " /
onile, ~gbe yawo tabi qm~ sis9
• • •
ohun teo ba ba 1~d9 re gan,
.... , -,..
ohun na l'on na 0 f'enu pa, I
. 1 ,'oruk9,
-'-,
'"
""
"
ohunkohun ti ,aW9n
onile ba se ohun na ni alejo
....
,.
yio j-r.
,~ , "'Z,
Kiba~epe l'aro, ni, t'o jepe eko, -
... ... ,_ A"
mimu ni, ohun ti on na 0 mu nu,
. .. ~
Grg~bi a~a Yoruba, - -- -- --- ~ugb?n l'asiko 9dun tabi igba

__ , 'Mo fe ri 0 n'ile mi igbe'yawo _
I •
lale yi lati wa jeun,' tabi 'Wa _______ , ohunkohun ti aW9n

• •
si'le mi l'~san lati wa j~un.' onil~ ba se ohun na ni alejo
yio j-r.
Sugbon bi alejo ba 10 ki onile,

• • • Nigbayi nW9n a ma pa ~ran,
ohun teo ba ba l~d~ r~ gan,
-- ---- -- - ----- --.
-------- ----- --" teo jepe eko

• ••
mimu ni, ---- -- -- -- - -- --,
126

------ --- , a k! s9 fun ------- 1' 1' ,

enia pe, 'Mo fe ri 0 n'i1e rni
I •
ohun t' 0 ba ba n' gbana gan
1a1e yi 1ati wa jeun,' tabi '-- ni yio j~.
• • ,
----- -- ------ ---- -- ----e
9ugbpn 1' _
Sugbon bi a1ejo ba 10 ki oni1e, --------- tabi qrn9 sis9

• • • l' oruk 9, ohunkohun ti aW9n
--- -- -- ---- -- ---, onile ba se ohun na ni a1ejo
ohun na l'on na 0 f'enu pa,
I
yio je.
•
Kiba~epe l'ar9 ni, _
______ , ohun ti on na 0 -'
rnu nUl Nigbayi ---- , nwqn
a si rna se onj, 1?P?19P Q fun
aW9n a1ejo.
1. Ki i~e a~a awon Yoruba 1ati S? fun enia pe kinni?

2. Kinni alejo ti 0 ba 19 ki onile yio j~?
3. Igba wo ni a ki ba enia ni a1ejo?

4. Asiko rn~ta wo ni awyn Yoruba rna pa E!ran ti nwqn si rna ~e
inawo l0P91opo?
• • • •
127

MENUS AND MEALTIME-SUPPLEMENTARY TEXT
Igba I meta
, ni awon
, Yoruba feran . The Yoruba people like to eat
three times.
lati rna jeun.
,
Onje ekinni l'anpe n1 onje aro, The first meal is what we call
• • • breakfast, and lunch is the
onje osan 1'0 si keji, lehin second, [and] after that
....., • I •
na, onje al~.

·
d l.nner. '
I
Ni aro awon Yoruba a ma mu ekn

I ,T
- •
In the morning the Yoruba people
usually eat hot Indian corn
gbigbona ~lu akara tlo gbadun. meal with a kind of deep fat
•
fried cake which is delicious.
T'o ba di osan, nwon

, Ie je. '
oka . In the afternoon they can eat
gbegiri.
.
amola Wlu obe egusi tabi obe . ... ., turned yam flour with melon
soup or bean soup.
I
Nwon
, Ie jet iyan ~lu . ..
obe i~apa. They can eat pounded yam with
ishakpa soup (a common pot-
herb) .
Lehin na nwon si tun Ie je eba Then they can also eat eba
(prepared by pouring gari
. ..'
• I • •
~lu obe egusi, eyi t'o dara into boiling water) with
~lu panla at'eran tlo niP9n. melon soup, which is good
• • • with stockfish and fleshy meat.
Tlo ba di igba miran, nW9n a rna At other times they always eat
things that are suitable to
je nkan ti 0 ba ara nwon mu. their needs.
, '
1/9na/ corrected to /igba/ by the speaker.
128

Nw?n a si tun ma j7 ~kq tutu They also usually eat cold

,
ni ale. Indian corn meal at night.
Awon baba ni yio koko joko jet

,
onje, tiwon:
,
Ie je tire.
, I
.
lehin na, iya
The father will first eat his
food: then the mother may
eat her own.
• •
Nw~n a si tun pin onj1 yi fun They then divide this food
awon omode. among the children.
, I I
"Igba.... ~ " ..... /' "" , .. .... ,

/
meta ni awon Yoruba feran T'o ba di igba miran, nwer n a rna
lati rna jeun.
, I •
, .,-
• je, nkan ti 0 ba ara nwon
I
mu.
'. .... -' / ..... / ' t: , • ~"

OnJ~ ekinni l'anpe n~ onJ~ ar9'
" ma jeI ekq
Nwon a si" tun "
tutu
/'
onj~ 9san 1'0 sl keji, l~hin •~ /'

•
~
na, ". ale.
onJe ~ ,
n~ ale.
-
I •
" , / v / ./ v
" ~
, ~ '''' " Awon baba ni yio koko joko je
Ni ar? awon Yoruba a rna mu ~k9 ,
onje, tiwon:
,
lehin
I
,., ... ",'
na, iya
gb1goona ~lu akara t' ~ gb'd~n.· ,
. ~•
t
• le" je t~r~
•
.... '" / /'. V ,
Nw~n
T'o ba di osan, nwon l'e je ok~ . a si tun pin onJ yi fun
1
. ..
I .,
" ,,,
amola ~lu obe" egusi
.
gbegiri .
..... ., '"
", .... .,
tabi "
obe ., awon omode.
, • I
, .... ,..
Lehin na nwon si tun Ie je eba
• I • •
~lu obe ~gusi,
•
eyI
t'o dara
pelu
• P'a~la at'eran teo nl p on.
• •
129

Igba meta ni awon Yoruba _ Igba __ _ _ feran

I •
•
lati ma jeun .
•
Onj~ ekinni l'anpe ni onje• ~o,

t
Onj~ ekinni l'anpe -- ---- ---,
----, lehin onje, osan 1'0 si keji, lehin
...., • I
. .
I
na, onje ale. na, ---,
Ni aro awon Yoruba a ma mu eko

gbigbona
• ,
t'o gbadun.
- f •
-. .
Ni aro awon Yoruba - -_. -- ---
--- pelu akara t'o gbadun.
•
T'o ba di osan, nwon le je. '

oka . . T'o ba di 9 san , __ __ 1
.
amola pelu
.--- _____ ~lu
•
gbegiri.
obe
,..
egusi tabi abe
T ,
Nwon __ __ _ ~lu obe i~apa. NW?n Ie j~ iyan

• • •• T
.
Lehin na nwon __
, __ __ _ __
. , si tun le je eba
Lehin na nwon , .
.
~lu obe
, . 'egusi, eyi t'o dara
________ , eyi tlo dara
pelu
, . t'o nipon.
panla at'eran . pelu panla at'eran t'o niP9n.
• • •
T'o _
----- ,nwon
I
a ma. T'o ba di igba miran,
je, nkan ti 0 ba ara nwon
, mu.
Nw~n a si --- -- -- ~k~ tutu Nwon a si tun ma je

• •
,
ni ale.
Awon
, _ Awon , , joko je,
, baba ni yio koko
---- -----i lehin na, iya onje tiwoni lehin na, _
t , • t
Ie je tir~ •
•
--- ---- -- fun Nwqn a si tun pin

, omode.
awon , , omode.
, ,
130

1.
. .
Igba rne10 ni awon Yoruba feran 1ati rna jeun lojumo?
"
2. Da' ruk 9 onje ti awon Yoruba rna je ni aro.
" "
3. Ni igbawo ni awqn Yoruba f~ran lati rna j7 iyan p~lu ~ka am?la?
4. Obe wo ni 0 dara fun iyan?
, I
5. .
Obe, rneji wo ni 0 dara fun 9ka amqla?
6. Kinni aW9n Yoruba f~ran lati rna j7 ni al~?
7. Tani yio koko jeun, iya ni tabi baba?

I, I
131

STRANGER IN TOWN - TEXT 1
,
'Alejo to ba f'oru wo'lu, An uninvited guest seldom
igida ni yio je.' meets a welcome. ('A
I stranger that enters a
town late in the night,
nothing it is he will eat.')
Oro alejo t'o ba 10 s'Awe ko. This is not true of any

• , " I
stranger that enters Awe.
Nigbati alejo ba de Awe loru, When any stranger reaches

• Awe late at night, the
ekinni ohun ti yio koko se
• • • first thing which he will
ni pe k'o 10 sodo bale, wipe do is to go to the chief,
• •• •
and say, 'I am a stranger
'Alejo ni mi 0, 9k9 mi si baj~ and my car has broken down
loju ona.' on the road.'
•
Inu bal~ yio dun PUp?, lati ri, The chief will be very glad
to see him and they (the
nW9n 0 si t9ju onj~ fun lai~e
household) will provide food
ani ani. for him, without doubt.
~ugbpn eyiti 0 ba j~pe onigbagbp But if he is a Christian, if

he wants, he can go to the
ni, b'o ba f T, 0 le l? si 9d9 pastor who lives in the
oniwasu teo wa ni ilu na~ town~ similarly, he will
bakanna, nwqn yio fe l'alejo entertain him well.
dada.
132

.... ,/" "' ','/

'Alejo to ba f'oru w? lu,
,/'
Inu" ,-""" yio

bal~
,-
" PUp?, lati ri,
" dun -
igid~ ni yio j~.' nW9n 6 si t9ju onj~ f~ l~i~e
" -: an1.
an1 " ~
"/' ,r ~ ,/ .... /
'" . tWo ba
..... ,/,/ ~/,/ ~ugb?n eyiti 0 ba j~pe onigbagbp
?r9 ale]o 's'Awe
10 ,. ko. , I' ". / I' " ....
ni, b 0 ba fe, •
0 le 10 si ndo
• T,
/. "'......
oniwasu tWo, wa" ni / " ,
ilu ,..
nat
/ .....,/
Nigbati alejo ba de Awe loru,

,/ ,/../ / ;'
bakann~, nwon yio s~ l'~lejd
, •
ekinni ohun ti yio koko, se
ni ~ k'o 10 s?de? bal~, wipe
,/
.
..;
.
,/ ,
dada.
• J
•
" " ni mi/ 0, 9k9... mi si' baj~
'Alejo .... '"
loju ona.'
•
,
'Alejo to ba f'oru wo'lu, ~ugb?n eyiti 0 ba j~pe _
----- -- --.
, __ , b'o ba f , - _
--- T
------- tWo wa ni ilu nat
bakanna, nW9n yio fe l'alejo
dada.
Oro
I ,
alejo t' 0 ba '.
Nigbati alejo ba de Awe loru,

•
ni pe _ , wipe
. .
'Alejo ni mi 0, 9k9 mi si baj~
loju ona.'
•
Inu bal~ yio dun pup?, lati ri, -

ani ani.
---- --- .
laise
133

----- -- -- ----- -----, --- ---- --- --- ----, ---- --,
igida ni yio j~.' nW9n 0 5i t9ju onj~ fun lai~e
ani ani.
Oro ko. ~ugbpn eyiti 0 ba j~pe onigbagbp

• ' I ni, b'o ba f T, 0 Ie l~ si 9d 9
------- --- -- -- --- --:
Nigbati , bakanna, nwon yio se l'alejo
. . dada. • J

ni pe k'o 10 sodo bale, wipe
, " '
'Alejo ni mi 0, 9k9 mi si baj~
loju pna.'
1. Kinni owe Yoruba s9 nipa alejo ti 0 ba fi oru wolu?

,
2. .
Nje alejo ti 0 ba 10
,
"'"'
si .Awe 10ru yio ni ito,ju?
3. Kinni ohun kinni ti 0 ye ki alejo se ti 0 ba de si Awe 10ru?
" ,
4. Bawo ni bale yio se gba a1ejo na?
, I
5. Lodo tani a1ejo ti 0 ba je onigbagbo Ie 10 bi 0 ba fe?

I • " "
134

Nigbati alejo ba wo Awe, papa julo When a stranger comes to Awe,

I t t
especially when his car
nigbati oko
, , re, ba_ baJ'et 10J'u nna
T breaks down along the road
ti 0 si jinna si AW~, ohun ti close to Awe, the first
thing for him to do is to
yio k?k9 ~e ni wipe, k'o lQ s'qd9 go to the pastor in the town.
oniwasu ilu na.
Tlo ba ti S9 fun wipe, bayi bayi If he tells him (the pastor)

his problems, this pastor
ni oro mi ri, awon oniwasu yi
t • • will provide food for him.
yio toju onje fun.
• •
bale, .
.
~ugbo.n bi b~kO., 0 Ie 10 s'odo
, yio tun so bakanna, idi
"
On the other hand, he can go
to the chief, and he will
narrate, in the same way,
ti on fi wa si ilu ni a~iko yi. the reason why he came to
the town at this time.
'" -v The chief will provide food

Bale yio t?ju onj~ fun ati ibiti
for him as well as a place
yio sun. where he will sleep.
Aw?n onj~ ti yio t9ju, nW9n 0 The foods that he will prepare-
AJ they will be foods that are
je onje ti 0 ba lara mu.
I • suitable for him.
135

'" \"
Nigbati alejo ba wo Awe, papa Julo,
\,/ -." "\,.-~
'" \ yio t?'ju
Bale
/'
onJ~
/ . /~
fun ati ibiti

/ ,'/ " \,
I'
/' ...... /'1 /' ........ " "'-
nigbati oko re ba baJe oJu qna
.' /
Yl.O sun.
,
" ',,' '/4' /'
t{ ci si jinna si AW(' ohun ti
/' ,,/' . ('" ,~ , 'd"
yio k?k9 S!e n~ Wl.pe, k 0 lQ s 9 9 .
.
\
t6j~, nW9n
/ /
~~,
onl.wasu l.lu na.
~ /-- Awon
je
onJ~
/
onJ~
.
t{ yio
ti
/
0
/ /~ ."
ba lara mu •
0
•
,/ / /..;;,;,/,/ v " ..;'
T'o ba ti s9 fun wipe, bayi bayi
• \" • /, \ /../, v'
nl. ~r9 ml. rl., aW9n oniwasu yi
.
yio tojti onje, fUh.
, ~ "
bi b~kb~ 0 l~
./
9u g b ?n • ,
10 s' odo
I A.'",:, /
, y~ tun /~
~ \
bale, so bakanna, idi
//," v'
ti oil fi w( si ilu ni asiko yi.
-."
Nigbati alejo ba W? AW7 , Nigbati ---J papa julo,

loju qna nigbati ?k9 rr ba_bajy loju qna
ti si jinna si -
0 Awe,
, ohun ti ti 0 si jinna si Awe,
, ohun ti
yio k?k9 S!e ni wipe, k'o lQ s'9d9
--
_______ ilu na.
yio
oniwasu ilu na.
, k'o lQ s'odo
..
T'o ba ti S9 fun wipe, bayi bayi Tlo ba ti S9 fun wipe,
ni oro
, mi ri, . -- --- -- --, aW9n oniwasu yi
yio toju onje fun. yio toju onje fun.
• • • •
.. 9ugbo.n bi b~kO.,
-.I
Sugbon bi beko, 0 _ Ie 10 s'odo
,. 0
I "
____ , yio tun so bakanna, idi bal~, , idi
•
ti on fi wa si ilu ni asiko yi. ti on fi wa si ilu ni asiko yi.
yio t?ju ati ibiti '"

Bal~ yio t?ju onj~ """ ati
fun _
yio sun. --- ---.
Awon onje ti yio toju, nwo,n 0 Aw~n onj~ ti yio t9ju, _

" , "-'
je onje ti 0 -- ---- - - . ti 0 ba lara mu.
• •
136
...,
1. Kinni okan ninu ohun ti o 1e mu ki a1ejo wo Awe, 10ru?
• I
2. Kinni o Yff fun a1ejo yi 1ati se bi o ba ti de i1u?

I
3. Odo tani a1ejo yi tun 1e 10?

• I I
4. Bawo ni awon enia nwonyi

• , yio tise
, gba a1ejo na?
5. lru onje wo ni nwc;»n yio toju fun alejo na?
• •
137

Awon
, agbalagba rna powe
. wipe, The elders usually give the
alejo t'o f'oru w~'lu, igida proverb, 'An uninvited
guest seldom meets a
ni yio jE(.
welcome.' ('A stranger who
late at night enters the
town, nothing it is he will
eat. )
-
Qr~ bi t'Aw~ k<;>.
This is not true of Awe.
Nigbati alejo ba de Awe ni

•
- When a stranger reaches Awe
oru, akoko k' 0 ko 10 si at night, first he should
•
• I I
..
odo oniwasu. go to the pastor •
Nigbati 0 ba s9 fun idi ti 0

When he tells him (the pastor)
fi p~ on k'on 0 to de'lu, the reason why he is so late
to reach the town, he will be
nwpn yio gba t9w9 t~s~. whole-heartedly received.
Bi beko, 0 Ie 10, si odo bale

, I " . On the other hand, he can go
k'o s9 bakanna. to the chief and say the
same thing.
B~l~ yio t?ju onj~ ati ile ati The chief will prepare food
ibusun dada fun. and a house and a good bed
for him.
Nigbati 0 ba se iwonyi tan, 0

I I
After he has done these things,
le pe ara r~ ni alejo ti he (the chief) can tell the
dada ~lU awon stranger to feel at home ('to
Yio si se
• • • do well with the members of
ara ile. the house').
138

"
Aw?n " rna
"agba1agba - ,powe
, wipe, //
, ",.", ,
a1ejo t'o f'oru w?'1u, igida
,.
ni yio je.
,
-" ,. ",'/,."
Bal~ yio t?ju o~J~ ati i1~ ati
....
ibusun dada fun.
;'
/ ", '" " , """ ;' /

",/" , .... v
Nigbati a1ejo ba de Awe ni ~e
I I
• ,. Nigbati 0 ba iwpnyi tan, 0
oru, ~oko
"
.
, k'o ko 10, si
..... "
. "
1e pe ara
...
r~
/...
ni a1ejo ti
.....
,
.
""'.......... '" "
.
/"
odo oniwasu. ,/
yio si se dada ~1u awon
• ,
. ,
/ ,,, ". /'- , ara 1.1e.
, ,- " - " -" , ....
fi P7 on k'on 0 to de'1u,
nwon
,
yio gb~ tow~
"
t~s~.
T,
Aw?n powe wipe, Bale ati i1e ati

a1ejo t'o f'oru w?'1u, igida ibusun dada fun.
ni yio je.
,
Nigbati 0 ba I
se ,
iwonyi tan , 0
1e pe ara r~ ni a1ejo ti
yio si se
I
Nigbati alejo ba _
.
---, akoko, k'o ko 10 si .,
..
odo oniwasu.

fi P7 on k'on 0 to de'lu,
nw?n yio gba •
s9 -------.
139

-
Aw?n agbalagba rna powe wipe, Bi beko, 0 Ie 10 - -
• • •
k'o s9 bakanna.
----- --- ----- -----, igida
ni yio je.
,
Qr9 bi t' _ ---- , --- .

.-
Nigbati alejo ba de AW~ ni Nigbati 0 ba ~e iwpnyi tan, _
oru, ak?k9 _-- -- -- si -_ __ __ __ ti
..
odo oniwasu.
.
yio si se dada ~lu
, awon .
ara ile.
Nigbati _ __ __ idi ti 0
fi . on k'on
~ 0 to de'lu,
nwpn yio gba t9w9 t~s~.
1. OWe wo ni aW9n agbalagba rna

saba pa nipa alejo ti 0 ba
fi oru wolu?
•
2. Nje owe yi ba a1ejo ti 0 ba losi Awe mu?
• • •
3. Kinni nkan ti 0 ye ki alejo ti 0 ba f'oru wo "'"
Awe ~e?
• • •
4. -..
Bawo ni aW9n ara Awe yio tise gba alejo ti irin ati oro
, enu ..
re ba dara?
•
5. Odo tani alejo yi Ie tun In?
I , ,.
6. Kinni awon
I
nkan ti nwon
. ,
yio toju fun alejo yi?
140

WOMEN'S WORK AT HOME - TEXT 1
Ni aiye ije10, awon obinrin ni In the past, women were

• the pillars in the home.
nw~n j~ opo ninu ile.
Nigbati ~k9 nwc;>n ba 1<;> si oko, When their husbands go to

the farm, they are to take
aw?n 0 t9ju i1e. care of the house.
Nwon yio gba1e. They will sweep the floor.

• •
Nw9n 0 fo aso. They will wash the clothes.

•• I
.
NWon fo awo tabi igba ti
•
0 They will wash dishes or the
calabashes with which they
nwon fi jeun.
t I
serve food.
'Ki oko nwon k'o to de, nwon Before their husband returns,
•• • • they will have prepared
o ti toju obe si1e fun.
• • I • soup for him.
Nigbat'o ba de, awon ni yio koko When he returns, they will

I • •
be the first to serve food
gbe onje siwaju rei , nwon 0 si before him, and they will
• •
b' omi tI. also serve him water.
.nwon wa ni imototo.
.
Lehinna, nwon 0 ri pe awon
. o.m
"o
Then they will see to it that
the children are in clean
• • condition.
Nwon 0 wo nwon 1aso. They will put clothes on them.

I • I ••
Nw9n 0 si gba il~ ati inu yara They will then sweep the floor
and inside their rooms.
nwon jade •
•
141

I' \... '\

Ni aiye 1je10, awon ob1nrin ni
\/... ,
." b'at I 0" b"
N1g '" awon n1. .Y10
a de, v"
( koko
/ ./, / (/• I
" 1'. I' " , / , " \
I • I
nw~n J~ opo n1nu i1e. 9 b e onJe s1waJu re, nwon 0 a1

~ "
b'omi tie
{ '\ ( I' I'
N1gbat1 9k9 nW9n ba 1e;> 8i oko,
" v • I / "A /" ,\
aW9n 0 t9Ju ile. L~hinna, nW9n 0 r1 pe awqn ?mq
/ \ r .. /11
nwon wa n1 1mototo.
v , • •
(
Nwon Y10 gba1e.
• I
/ , I /
Nwon 0 wo nwon laso.
/
I
• • • I
NW9n 0 fo aso.
I I •
/ \
Nwon 0 si gba il~ ati inu yara
/ ,/ , /
' / ,/ . b I • . I'de. •
NWon fo awo tab1 19 a tl.I nwon Ja
· /
•I
0
nwon fi jeun.
•
• •
/ / / I'
Xi 9kC? nW9n k I 0 to1" de, /nwon
_.
o/ tl., tOJu
/. / 0 b'e s11e
, fun.
-
• •• •
Ni aiye ije10, ni Nigbat 1 0 ba de, awcrn ni yio _

nw~n j~ --_ ninu i1e. --- onj~ siwaju rr' nwon 0 ai
I - •
b --- cit
Nigbati C?k9 nW9n ba le;> 8i ---,
awon 0 •
L~hinna, nW9n 0 ri pe awqn
• ____ wa ni ... __ •
Nwon yio •
•
Nwon 0 wo nwon
• • •
NW9n 0 fo
• --- •
N'W9n 0 si gba _-- ati inu yara
Nwon 0 fo --- tabi ----- ti nwon ----.
· •
nwon £i jeun.
•
• •
Ki 9kC? nW9n k'o to de, nw~n

o ti aile fun •
•
142

Ni ---- -----, awon obinrin ni Nigbat'o ba de, awon ni yio _

• I
nw~n j~ opo ninu • gbe onje ------ rei' nwon

• I
0 ai
b' omi tit
Nigbati --- nwon ba 10 ai oko, I I
aW9n 0 t9ju ile. Lehinna, nwon

I •
0 ri pe awon
•
- wa ni imototo •
•
Nwon
, yio -----.
NWon I
0 -- nwon laso.
. , I
Nw9n 0 •
Nwon 0 fo awo tabi ---- ti

Nwon
•
0
nwon jade.
ai
.
ile ati --- ----
• • •
nwon fi
•
Ki --- nwon k'o to de, nwon

• •
o ti obe fun.
• •
1. Ni igba lailai, nibo ni awon obinrin aaba rna wa nigbati

•
--
oko , ba 10, ai oko?
" nwon
2. Kinni iee awon obinrin ninu ile?
• I •
3. .
Kinni nwon yio toju aile fun oko nwon?
.• . ".
4. So awon ohun ti nwo,n yio se bi awon oka nwon bati ti aka de.
T I I . " I
5.
143

Laiye ijelo,l aW9n obinrin ni In the past, women were the

pillars of the horne.
opo ile.
Nigbati 9k9 ba 19 8i oko, awon When the husbands went to the

• farm, they would be the ones
ni yio rnu ile lawo. I • to hold the house ('to care
for the house').
Nwon 0 gbale jade~lehinna nwon They would sweep the floor

• • • • out, then they would put
o tun iyara nwon see in order their rooms.
• •
Igba, awo ati ohun elo ti 0 Calabashes, dishes and dirty

utensils - all these they
doti - gbogbo re ni nwon
• I ' will wash cleanly.
o fo tonitoni.
I
Lehinna, nwon 0 pe awnn ornn Then they would call their

I • T ."T
children in order to bathe
nw<;>n, nwon 0 we fun nwon. them.
• • •
Ki C?k,? k'o to ti oko de, nwon Before the husband arrived

• from the farm, they would
o ti toju onJ'e fun. have prepared food for him.
• •
Nwon 0 10 si odo lati pon'mi. They would go to the river to

• I , fetch water.
Nwon 0 si ri pe, ita tab! ekuJe They would also see that their
• • open space (house surroun-
nW9n, 0 m9 tonitoni. dings) or the backyards are
very clean.
l/ajelo/ should be /ijelo/.

144

/. 1nna, /,
/,/ " "
La1.ye
"I
opO ile. I
v
ijelo, .
~won oblnrin ni Leh
f
~
nwon
•
0 pe awnn omn
T • T
nwon, nwon 0"we

" fun" nwon.
• • • •
I ,,/ / ( "
N1gbati 9k9 ba 19 81 oko, aW9n
I v ,; I I Xi" oko
• • klo"to
" ti
0k0 d e,
I
nwon
ni Y10 mu ile lowo. ~
o" ti t9Ju onJ~
/. " I. •
I •
fun.
Nwon
I v, /
0 gbale jade 9 lehinna nwon
I' A
Nwon "
0 10 si" odo" lati
" ponlmi.
•
I' V \.
•
/
I •
f
• •
o tun iyara nwon
I
see
•
Nwon
/
'. ri pe,
, 0 81.
I' -
,;
\. \. I " \ /
ita tabi ekule
Igba,I ,
awo at1. 0 h un "
". " t1.I 0I
elo
,;
I / I I { •
nw?n, 0 mo ton1.ton •
\. I \. •
dot1 - gbogbo re ni nwon
• • •
oI fo ton1.ton1..
I
I ( " .(
Laiye ijelo, .
awon obinrin ni Xi oko klo to ti
• •
o ti t9ju _
--- --, nwon
I
Nigbati --- ba 19 8i oko, aW9n Nwon 0 10 si odo lati .;

ni yio mu --- lowo. • •
I •
-
Nw<;>n 0 ai ri pe, tabi _
.
Nwon 0 - - - - - jade 9 lehinna nwon
o tun ----- nwon I
see
•
I. nw?n, 0 mc;> _
Igba, ati ohun elo ti 0
---- - gbogbo r 7 ni nW9n

o fC? •
LThinna, nW9n 0 pe aW9n _

nwc;>n, nwc;>n 0 -- fun nwqn.
145

Laiye ije10, -~-- ------- ni Lehinna)

,
nwon
,
0 __ awnn
T
_
opO ile. nw<;>n, nwc;>n 0 __ fun nw~n.
Nigbati 9k9 ba 19 ai oko, aw~n

Xi --- k' 0 to ti oko -- , nwon
ni yio -- --- lowo. •
I I
o ti ---- onje fun. I
Nwon 0 gbale ,1ehinna nwon N"W9n 0 1<;> si --- 1ati •.

I • • •.
o nwon see
I I
N"Wc;>n 0 ai ri pe, ita _

----, awo ati ---- --- ti 0 nW9n, 0 tonitoni.
doti - gbogbo re ni nwon
I • •
o fo tonitoni.
I
1. , obinrin ni opo ile ni aiye ijelo?

Idi wo ni a £i so, wipe awon
2. So, awon . .
, ,
, ohun ti awon obinrin yio se ninu i1e nigbati oko
nwon ba 10, ai oko.
3. Kinni itoju won lori awon orno won?

•• •• • •
4. Asiko igba wo ni nwon yio toju.
, onje ti oko
, ' won
. yio je? . .
146

Awon
I
obinrin ni opo ile ni iI, The women are the pillars of
Yoruba. a home in Yoruba land.
Nigbati oko ba 10 si oko, ise

" I , ,
When the husband goes to the
tiw9n ni lati gba il~ ile farm, it is their duty to
sweep the floor of their
nW9n, ki 0 rn9 tonitoni. home so it may be very neat.
.. '.
Lehinna. nwon 0 toju awon °lmo, ,
nwon 0 we, fun nW9n.
. . Then they will take care of
their children. They will
bathe them.
Nwon
, 0 ko igba, awo ati afjq ati They will collect calabashes,
ohun elo ti nwon nlo - gbogboI
plates, and clothes and
their utensils - all of
re ni nwon 0 fOe
I I • them will they wash.
Ki oko k' 0 to t' oko de, nwon

• I I Before the husband returns
o ti toju onje sile. from the farm they will
I • I
prepare his food.
Nigbati 0 ba ai wc;>le, nwqn 0 When he enters, they will

gbe onje ka iwaju re. place the food before him.
I ,
T'o ba ti jeun tan, yio rna After he has eaten, he will

• f":" l '
m:L :Ln. be breathing leisurely
('he will take it easy').
lItumo Imi finl ati Igbaf~/ je bakanna.

• •
147

'"Awon ob1.nr \. / 1.'le/ n1.~ i1e'•

" in n1.' opo 1 / /
K1. 9kp k'o to t'oko de, nW9n
/
. .
I
I , I. / I, (1'
Yoruba. o t1. tOJu onJe a1 e.
,
1'1
Nl.gbat1. oko
/ ( I ,
, ba 10 81. oko t iae / / / /
· Nigbati o ba 81..... wole, / /
, nwon
• I
0
I
tiwc;>n ni lati gba il~ 1.'1/ e , /. / .• /
gbe onJ~ ka 1.waJu rea
I
~ / / / ( /
nW9n, kl. 0 mo ton1.ton1..
•( ,
I
/,,, / VI'\. T' ~ be: ti jeun t'n, ylO rna

~
Lehinna, nwon 0 toju awon 9rn~t I I
t /, m1. fin.
.
I / I ,
.
nwon 0 we, fun nwon.
.
Nwon 0I kov ,1.gba,
,,/
"" "
awo at1.
/ /,
a~9 "
ohun elo ti nwon n10 - gbogbo

.
atl.
re I
ni nwon 0 fOe
I •
,
·
I
Awon ni opo ile ni i1e Nigbati 0 ba ai wole, nwon 0

I • • I
Yoruba. ___ onje ka rea

I ,
Nigbati --- ba 10 8i oko, _ T'o ba ti jeun tan, yio rna

• I
tiw9n ni lati gba --- ---
nW9n, ki 0 m9 toni toni.
Lehinna,
t
nwon•
0 ---- awo,n ,
.
nwon 0 we, fun nW9n.
Nwon 0 ko ---- , awo ati --- ati

•
____ --- ti nwc;>n n10 - gbogbo
re ni nwon 0 fOe
I • I
Ki --- k'o to t'oko de, nW9n

o ti - aile.
I
148

Awon
, obinrin ni
Yoruba.
ni ile,
..
Xi oko k' 0 to ----- de, nwon
,
o ti toju sile.
• •
Nigbati
tiw9n
oko
" ba 10, -- ---a' ise
ni lati --- il~ _
.. Nigbati ° ba si ----, nwon
•
0
nW9n, ki 0 rn9 • gbe ka iwaju re.
,
Lrhinna, nW9n 0 ---- aW9n ~rn~J T'o ba ti. ---- ---, yio rna
nwc;>n 0 - - fun nW9n. roi fIn.
.
NWo.n 0 ko ----, --- ati aso, ati
ohun elo ti nw9n n10 - gbogbo
re ni nwon 0 __ •
• •
1. Xinni ipo awon

, obinrin ninu iIe?
2. Nigbati oko won ba 10 si oko, isp wo ni awon obinrin rna
"'. I' I
se ninu i1e?
•
3. Da'ruko die ninu awon ohun e10 ti a n10 ni i1e.
I' ,
4. . . I..
Xinni awon obinrin yio se lei oko won ki 0 to ti oko de?
149

WOMEN'S WORK OUTSIDE THE HOME - TEXT 1
Nile. Yor.uba, b'oko ti naise bena In Yoruba land, as the

'I ." t
l'aya nee. husband works so also

I does the wife.
Awon obinrin npon omi ta [Some] women draw water

[• n' gba miran ] •• 1 for sale.
. . .
Su9b 9 n opolopo
, , 1'0 nlo• si oko But many go to the farm to
fetch wood.
lati se, , igi.
- .
Elomi nlo, lati se, ewe.
•
others also go to fetch leaves
Awon
I
obinrin miran si wa t'o There are some women that
jepe akara ni nta. sell cake.
•
Imiran wa t'o jepe

I
adie ni. There are some that sell
chickens.
Aw?n teo nta adi~ - nW9n 0 ko Those that sell chickens

.
adie nwonyi
, sinu ago. will pack (keep) them
into a cage.
They will take it to the

market.
1
!fun nigba miran/, heard on tape, should be either /nigba miran/
or /fun igba miran/.
150

Nibiti nw~n ba gbe joko, aW9n Wherever they sit, those who
ti 0 ba fe ra yio wa lati want to buy will come to
• bargain on the price •
yowo re.
I ,
''Ng ko gba, ng 0 gba," eyi ni "1 don't agree," "I will

ohun t'o wopo
nta adi~.
, larin awon
, ti . agree" - these are common
expressions among those
who are selling fowls.
,,\. ,/ / /./~"
Nile, Yoruba, b'oko
., ti naise
"',
bena NJ.(b'J.tJ.! nwon ba. / ; ." v
gbe "
Joko, awon
/ / ,,' / v "
.
V , '
I'aya tl'se.
, tJ. 0 ba fe ra yio wa lati
/ \
Y?Wo r~.
, '\. / "-
Awon ob1.nrin npon omi ta ,
•, , '(, • \." ./"
[n'gba m1ran]. ''Ng ko gba, ng 0 gba," ~yi ni
" / \.
Sugb9n opolopo 1'0 nlo 81 oko
\. , "/ I
./
./
nta ad1.~.
./ \.
'.
/\ "
ohun t'o wopo larin awon t1
'\ ,
I
• • • • • •
lati ~~ igi.
,.,
/,-I ./ ./
Elomi nlo lati se ewe.
• I "
, \ v \ \. \ I
Awon
, ob1nrin miran S1 wa t'o
./1\" f'
J~pe akara ni nta.
, ,,' , /,. I '\

lmiran wa teo jepe
I
ad1e ni.
v
.
\. / I \ . /
Awon teo nta adie - nwon 0 ko
'\. "
"
1//"
ad1e nwonyi sinu ago.
• •
"v- , '\
Nw?n 0 gbe 19 s9ja.
151

Nil~ , b'oKO ti ----- bina

I , , .---- nW9nyi ainu. ago.----
Awon --- nta adie - 0 KO
l' aya --- •
AW9n ------- nP9n --- ta Nwon

r
0 _-- 10 I
[n'gba -----].
~ugb9n l' 0 nlC? -- oko ,

Nibiti ---- ba gbe ----, awon
-- - ba fe -- yio wa _
lati -- igi. •
¥'!W0 r~.
Elomi
•
- lati -- ewe.
''Ng ko ---, ng 0 ," eyi ni
Awon miran ai __ t' 0 - t I 0 wop<;> --- -- awon ti
, • I •
jepe -- ni nta. --- adi 7 •

,
, ---- ni.
Imiran -- t' 0 jepe
---- Yoruba t
l'aya nse.
ti nsise . .. .
Awon t'o --- adie - nwon ..
, adie nwonyi
• I
ago
•
---- obinrin ---- omi -- ---- 0 gbe -- s9ja.

[ ----- miran].
------ opolopo l' 0

• I I I
--- si _ ------ nwon
• ba --- J' oko t awon
,
lati se
" ---. ti 0 - - fe ra --- wa lati
•
---- ret
.
I
_____ nlo lati se

..... ., ---.
''Ng -- gba, -- - gba t" --- ni
----bbinrin -- ai wa _ ohun t'o larin awon
•
jepe akara ni • nta ----I
•
-- wa t'o adie
.
152

1. Iru ise wo ni awon obinrin rna ae ni ile Yoruba?

, I
I .
2. Nibo ni nwon
, ti rna ae igi?
••
3. Nibo ni awon ti o nta adie yio ko won ai?
• • •
4. Nibo ni nW9n yio gbe adie na 10 fun tita?
• •
5. Kinni awon idahun ti 0 wopo larin awon ti nta adie?
• • • • •
153

\·10MEN'S WOR..-::< OUTSIDE THE HO~ - TEXT 2
3i oko ~~ ~sise, bena l'aya nse As the husband works so also

• I " • •
ni ile, Yoruba. the wife does in Yoruba

land.
~igbati
si
.
a\-lOn obinrin ba fe bere
i7~ ~wqn, ori~iri~i
, "
si ni
When the women want to start
doing their work, they do
different types of work.
. . .
nwon :1se ise, na.
:miran wa ti a npe ni iya onigari, There are some that we call

iya alata, iya elelub9, iya farina seller, pepper
seller, yam-flour seller,
onikoko. and pot maker.
iipa pipe oruk9 nW9nyi, a npe By calling these names we

ise nwo.n mo nwon lara. are calling their trades
• , 'c in identifying them .
wqn ti 0 ba nta ata, nW9n yio Those that are selling pepper
gbe ata 10 soja, nwon yio Ie. will take it to the market,
t' I they will arrange it on a
sori ate;. tray.
won ti 0 nrno koko awon

, yio 10t Those who are making pots
• I
will go to the place where
s'ebu.
• pots are made .
ri~iri~i koko ni nwon si nS!e, Different types of pots are

I
kekere ni 0, nla ni o. made by them - small ones

and big ones.

I
B~ oko
. , .,
t~ ns~se,
"""
bena Itaya nse
~ , / / /
• I " • I
,
Awen t~ 0 ba
, ." "I v
n~ ~le Yoruba. gbe ata 10I
I
/ ( ,
sor~ at~.
''-I' ... \ . .
N~gbatl awo.n onlnr~n ba/fe
'"
bereI
• I
,
SlI l7~
. / ( "
nwqn, er~9~r~9~.'" )
s~
.
n~
Awon ti/ /
..
0 1runo koko
'"
awon I I
/
y~o 10
•
/ / • I 1:: s,ebu.
nwen nse ~se na.
• I • , •
, '" "- / " /, I" / /,
Irniran wa ti a npe ni iya onigari,
/
/'{ 'v" . / '\ /
Ori~~ri~~ koko n~ nW9n S~ n~e,
'.~ya/ a 1/ /' \
n"1'"
} / / /
ata, ~ya eleIub9, ~ya I' 1'.
kekere n~ 0, a n~ o.
I " ,
onlkoko.
I I / ,(', /
Nlpa p~pe oruk9 nW9ny~, a npe
. / / /
~~~ nW9n rop nwqn lara.
Bi ti , bena Itaya n?e Awon

.. ti 0 awon yio 10
I •
ni ile, Yoruba. s'ebu.
•
Nigbati awon obinrin -- -- ----

• Ori~iri~i koko ni nW9n si n~e,
.. .
si ise nwen, orisirisi si ni .. ______ ni 0, --- ni o.
Imiran wa ti a npe ni iya onigari,

iya al2.·ca, iya ----- __ , iya
Nipa ---- oruko, , a npe

nwon rno nwon lara.
• I f
AW9n ti 0 ba nta ata, nW9n yio

gbe ata 10 ) nwon yio Ie.
I I
_______ e

Bi oko
• I
ti nsise,
., •
bena nse
I AW9n ti 0 ba - __ ata, nW9n yio
ni --- Yoruba. --- --- , nwon yio
I
Ie.
sori at~.
Nigbati ---- ------- ba fe, bere"

si --- ----, ori 9 iri 9 i si ni Awon ti
•
0 nmo
I
awon yio 10,
nwon nse ise na.
• I • ,
slebu. t
Imiran wa ti a npe ni iya ,

--------- koko ni nW9n si n~e,
iya -----, iya elelub9, iya kekere ni 0, ni o.
onikoko.
Nipa pipe ----- 1w9nyi, a npe

mp nWCln lara.
1. .
Pari oro
, yi: "Bi ti nsise
I t ,
bena ni
""-
nse ni ile Yoruba.
, '
2. 5Q itumo, awon
,
oro
C
Yoruba nwo.nyi ni ede Oyinbo:
I
iya onigari,
iya alata, iya elelubQ, ati iya onikoko.
3. Nibo ni awon
. amo'koko
, gbe nee
t' ise
, won?
,
4. ,
Ona wo .
ni awon ti 0 nta ata ngba polowo oja
, won? .
156

WOMEN'S wore, OUTSIDE THE E01Jl'~ "- TEXT 3
Larin awqn obinrin Yoruba, Among the Yoruba women there

orisirisi ise ni 0 wa. are different trades.
l • , ,
Aw?n miran wa tWo j~pe 9ja ni There are some that go to

nw?n nl? lati ta a~q, elub~,
the market to sell cloth,
yarn flour, yarns, and
il?u, igba. calabashes.
Aw~n miran wa t'o j~pe oko ni Some there are that deal
ti nwon • . with farming.
Awon
, nwonyi,
. nwon
'I nlo 'lati se
.. These are going [to the farm]
igi tabi lati se ewe. to fetch wood or to fetch
l •
leaves.
Awon
, miran s i wa bakanna t' 0 There are also some others,
jepe
,inu
nwa.
.s~bu kekeke ni nwon . similarly, that stay in
small shops.
Nwon
,
nta aso
I'
tabi ipapanu bi They are selling cloth or
refreshments like biscuits
, oyinbo.
bisikiti ati oti
and European liquors.
Awon agbe (larin awon obinrin),

"
.
nwon nru igi wa si ile •
. The farmers (among the women)
do carry wood horne.
157

Larin "
" "awqn ob~nrin " /
Yoruba, ~-
Awon "'''
rnlran ""
si / ~ t 1 0/
wa bakanna
, v
or191r191
! V
~~~
.'
ni 0 wa.
/" ','/ / , ./ ~, ",,/ ,/
J7 pe lnu s9bu kekeke ni nwqn

"
nwa.
/
Nwon
/
nta aso
/
tabl 1papanu b1
"/\ / ,
I I'
' 'k"
b lSl 1 0'Y1n
1t1"at '1 0r t ( \. b'
o.
" ,,\. '- , ,/ ,

Aw~n rnlran wa tlo J~pe oko ni
" \" ~,,,aW9n 0 b
( 1ar1n ") ,
ti nw,?n.
AW9n agb r 1nr1n
,/
nwon /
nru "
19l wa,/ 81I 1'1"
e.
, \. ( / / / /
AW9n nW?nyl, nW9n n1? 1ati ~~
igi t'a:o{ l~ti s~
, , ew~.
Larin awqn ------- Yoruba, Nwon nta aso tabi ipapanu hi

, I'
, , ni 0 wa.
ise ---- ~ ati oti
, Oyinbo.
Awon
, miran w~ tlo j~pe ni
nw?n nl? 1ati ta a?q, _ Awon agbe (larin awon obinrin),
"
nwon nru wa 8i i1e.
.
i?u, igba.
Awon
, rniran wa tlo j~pe
____ e
Awon nwonyi, nwon n10 1ati ~~

"___ tabi 1ati " •
Awon
, rniran s i wa bakanna t 1 0
jepe inu ni nwqn
,
nwa.
158

Larin ---- ------- Yoruba, Awon

, miran si wa -- tlo
. ,
orisirisi ni 0 wa. jepe
, .
inu s~bu kekeke _
Awon . oja
, roiran wa tlo jepe ,
_______ 1ati ta ---, e1ubo,
, Nwon
, nta - __ tabi bi
___ , igba. bisikiti ati •
Awon
, roiran wa _ oko ni
,.
Awon agbe (larin awon
---
, obinrin),
igi wa si i1e.
Awon
, nwonyi,
, ---- 1ati se
, .
.
igi tabi 1ati se, ewe •
1. Dalruko, die ninu ohun ti awon obinrin rna saba ta ni oja.

• • I
2. Kinni ohun ti awon obinrin rniran

•
rna 10 8i oko lati se?
3. - .
Kinni awon obinrin rniran rna ta ninu sobu kekere?
•
~
• •
4. - -J
Awon wo ni o saba rna ru i9 i wa si ile?
•
159

MEN' S WORK AT HOMB - TEXT I
Larin awon
•
Yoruba, ise
• •
awon
T Among the Yorubas, it is the
okunrin ni Iati ma toju ile. duty of the men to take
• • care of the building.
Ti ile nW9n ba j~ ile koriko, If their dwelling is a

thatched house, they
nw?n 0 l? lati pa koriko yi. will go to cut this grass.
Ti nW9n ba ko tan, t'o ba di After they have built it,

• and later it wears out or
pe 0 gbo, tabi ojo nr9, ile rain falls and the house
si njo, ise nwon ni Iati tun leaks, it is their duty to
•• • repair it.
see
t
LEfhinna, nW9n yio tun 99ba !Ie Then [also] they will repair
the garden.
tabi agbala.
Agbala nW9nyi, nw?n yio mC? This garden will be the one
which they build a wall
ogiri yi kat around.
N'W9n le gbin nkan bi agbado J They can plant things like

corn or yams, or vegetables
tabi is.u, tabi efo sinu in this garden.
• •
ogba yi •
•
Orisirisi ise miran tun wa ti Different types of other jobs

• • •• there are which men do.
awon••
okunrin nAe.
"T
160

~, , / , /,
Larin awon Yoruba, 1se awon
• T f f
" , , I, - I , ' i1 /
okunr1n n1 1at1 rna tOJu e.
• •
" , I ' I (
l Agba1a nW9ny1., nwon Y1.0 rno
, I '1 ' k
T11 '11e/ nwon b a Je I
1 e or1(.k 0, I
, ~ I '
ogiri yi ka.
•
nwon fJ 10 l£ti pa kor{ko yl.

I •
I I I ~ / / I
Nw9n
/ \ "
Ie" gb1.n nkan b1.~ agbado,
T1 nW9n ba ko tan, t'o ba di
I I ,
pe 0 gbo, tab1 ~ I"~ / "
ojo nr9, i1e
I
,~,
tab1. 1.SU,
,
,
y
..
"t, 1//
tab1 efo S1.nu
" njo,
81 " ise
I'
I
nwon
. ni
I
1ati
l-
tun ogba
• Y1..
.
se.
. /l. ./ v,
(V
Or1.8iris ise
, miran tun wa ti
~" /
aw?n 9kunrin n~e.
Larin awon Yoruba, ise awnn

f T 1 f Nw9n Ie gbin nkan bi - ,
~kunrin ni 1ati __ i1e. tabi - -- J tabi efo sinu
• •
ogba yi •
•
Ti i1e nw~n ba j~ -- - ------ J
nwon
,
0 10 1ati pa
. • Orisirisi
• •
ise
• • miran tun wa ti
Ti nW9n ba k? tan, t'o ba di

pe °
gbo, ---- --- --~, i1e
si njo, ise nwon ni 1ati tun, • f
set
•
Lehinna,
•
nwon
•
yio tun oaba T~.
S8
tabi agba1a.
Agba1a nW9nyi, nW9n yio mC?

.,., ka.
_____ y1.
161

Larin awon
, Yoruba, iae, , ---- --~--- nW9nyi, nw?n yio rn9
------- ni 1ati rna toju
I
i1e. ogiri yT ka.
Ti i1e nw~n ba j~ i1e koriko, Nw9n 1e gbin nkan bi agbado,

nwon 0 10 yi. tabi tabi _
, , i~u,
ogba
, yi.
Ti nW9n ba -- tan, t'o ba di
pe 0 , tabi ojo ---J ile Orisirisi _ tun wa ti
•
5i njo, iae
, nwon .
, ni Iati tun awon
t.
•
okunrin nRe.
,.
see
•
Lehinna,
t
nwon
t
yio tun naba se
T;;I/,
tabi ------.
1. .
, , i1e ti awon okunrin
Kinni iee , rna .
se 1arin awon Yoruba?
•
2. Bi i1e won , yio gba ri
, ba je• ile koriko ,ona wo ni nwon
koriko na?
3. Ni igbawo ni nwon Ie tun i1e koriko E#e?

•
4. Bawo ni nwon , le tun agba1a (ogba)
, tise , won se?
• •
5. , le gbin ainu agbala.
Da' ruk 9 nkan ti nwon
162

¥J.EN'S WORK J...T H01'l'£ - TEXT 2
Larin okunrin
a
awon
•
Yoruba, ise
• , Among men in Yoruba land,
ti nW9n saba ma ~e ni ile ni the work they usually do
is to repair the house.
lati tU:1 ile ~e.
T'o ba ~epe ile koriko ni, nw~n If it is a thatched house

yio 10, si oko lati pa koriko they will go to the bush
to cut the grass.
yi.
Ti nW9n ba ti k~ p~, ti ojo si If they had built it a long

nro.) ti ile njo, ise nwon ni time ago and if it rains
a I ,
and the house leaks, their
lati tun set
I
duty is to repair it.
KW9n tun m~ ~e agbala tabi 9gba They make a walled garden or

yika ile nwon • fence around their houses.
•
Ninu ygba yi nW9n Ie gbin agbado, In this garden, they can

isu,
, tabi e£o... plant corn, yams or
vegetables.
Awon .
. ,okunrin feran lati rna ro Men like to farm around
their houses.
oko yika ile nwon.
,
163

~.,,,.
I!J.
Lar~n ?k-\unrln
....
awqn Yor~Da, ~~~
I' /
N\v9n tun
I "'V
rn~ ~e
\ ,
agbala
/ \
tab~
/
9gba
"
, ~Ie
. ,
I
t~
/..
,
nwo~
.
. /. /
'., )t
saDa rna se
~
__
. ~.'.
n~ ~le n~ y~ka
/.
nW9n.
lat:~ -cun ~.1.e ~e.
I' ,,\( /, \.,
N~nu ogba y~ nwon Ie gbin agbado,
/ I /. I I. . " .
• 'I , 1 •
T'o ba ~epe ~le kor~k 0 n~, nwon ~su, tab~ efo.
I I k I. I. · • • •
y~o 10
l
s~ 0 0 lat~ pa kor~k 0
v
y:...
!..,-
,
Awon .. ' , 1 \
okunr~n
. nwon.
oko y~ka" ~Ie /. /
.
feran lat~
I,
rna ro
I I I I /, \ \ ,
T~ mvon ba t:l k9 p~, ti ojo s~
/,
nr~, t~
I ~le
. ' nJo,
'.' ~77
. , nw?n ni
I, 1-
lat~ tun see
,
Larin -- , i~~
. .
La~in okunrin awon Yoruba, ise, .
ti nwon saba . rna ~e ni ile ni ti nw?n saba rna
lati - __
~e ni ile ni
lati tun ile ~e.
--,
Tlo ba -- __ Tlo ba ?epe ile koriko ni, nw?n
yio 10l si oko lati pa koriko yio 10 si __ _ _
l
yi. yi.
Ti nwon ba ti k9 p~, ti ojo si Ti nwon ba ti k9 p~, ti ojo si

•
nro., ti ile njo, ise nwon ni nrC?,• ,
•• • ise nwon ni
•• •
--- --. --- see
Iati tun ,
l~v9ntun rna se tabi _
• NW9n tun rna se agbala tabi ogba
• •
yika ile nW9n. yika ile nwon.
•
Ninu gbin agbado, Ninu ogba yi nwon ll~ gbin ,
.
isu, tabi efo.
, . •
___ , tabi .
•
Awon . .
feran lati rna ro
. ,okunrin feran lati rna ro
Awon .
--- yika ile nwon.
, nwon.
•
164

1. , , yi: "IS~ ti aW9n okunrin

Pari gbolohun oro , saba rna sle ni ile ni
2. Nibo ni nwon ti nri koriko fun ise ile won?
, , , I
3. Kinni ise
, " awon
, okunrin
, nigbati ile koriko won
, ba njo nitori ojo?
4. Nibo ni nW9n saba rna m9 agbala si?
5. Aw~n nkan wo ni nw~n f~ran lati rna gbin ainu 9gba ?
6. Kinni aW9n ~kunrin tun f~ran lati rna - ~e?
165

l'IiEN I S WORK p.T E01V'£ - TEXT 3
Larin awon
•
okunrin
a
Yoruba, ise I I
Among the Yoruba men, the
domestic work which they
ile ti nw?n f~ran lati ma ~e
love to do is to repair
ni lati rna tun ~e. the house.
Ti 0 ba ~epe ile koriko ni nwqn If it is a thatched house

ngbe, ti koriko yi si gbo, ise,
ti nw?n ni lati I? pa omiran.
. that they live in, and
the grass wears out, their
duty is to go a~d cut more
Nigba~i .
ile ba njo, ise, ti nwon
ni la'Ci fi koriko dr.
. When the house (roof) is
leaking, it is t~eir duty.
to mend it with grass.
Lehinna, nwon tun ni ogba (eyiti

• • I
Then theY also have a garden
(that which we call r~ack'
a npe ni agbala) yika ile nw~n.
yard ll ) around their house
They fence it with a wall.
Ninu agbala nW9nyi, nW9n ngbin In this garden, they plant
.
efo, isu tabi agbado sinu re.
.' ,
vegetables, yams or corn.
166

"
Larin . • "I
~won oku~rin Yoruba, l.se ,,\
L7h~nna,
~ " tun
nW9n , /
n~
\
9gba (" ~ ,
ey~ti
.~le/ t~{ nwon • &
, /, /"agbala
\. /) ,I /
I
/ ,\
,,-
/
, feran lati rna se
, . a npe n~' y~ka ile nwon.
•
ni lati rna tun ~e.
T{ °" ba" /.
~epe
."
~le kor~ko
I.
,"
ni nwon
"
ngbe,
ti nwon
, ni
I I /. V
t~ kor~ko y~
" .
lat~ 10 pa
si" gbo, ise,"
\. (
" , . II\. \. / ,t
N~nu agbala nW9ny~,
"/
nwqn ngbin
I
orn~ran.
'
e~o,
.'
... /
.
isu tab~
..... ( ... \.
agbado "'''
s~nu
.
'\
reo
I" I
N~gbat~ ile"ba
" njo,
" " .~seI ti nwon
:t.::' •
ni l~ti fi kor{ko die
Larin ~lon Yoruba, ise Larin awon okunrin Yoruba, ise

.
• & • • • & I I
ile ti nwon feran lati rna se --- ti nwon se

,. , ,
ni lati •
ni la~i rna ~un ~e.
Ti ba ~epe ------
0 ni nwqn Ti 0 ile koriko ni nwon
------- ,
ngbe, ti koriko yi si , ise
, . ----, ti koriko yi si gbo, ise, .
ti nwon ni lati
•
omiran .
.
ti nwon ni ------- pa omiran.
Nigbati - -- ba
ni lati fi koriko di.
.
ise, ti nwon
, Nigba~i
ni l~ti
ile ba njo, ise, ti nwon
fi .
. .
L7 hinna, nW9n tun ni ---- (eyiti Lehinna, nwon tun ni ogba (eyiti
• .. I
a npe ni agbala) yika ile nwon. a npe ni - ) yika --- nwon.

• •
""--
NW9n nfi m? NW9n nfi ogiri m?
""--
Ninu agbala nW9nyi, nW9n ngbin Ninu ------ nW9nyi, nW9n ngbin
___ , isu tabi sinu reo efo, tabi agbado sinu reo
• • I , ,
167

1. Awon . .
, wo ni i ma saba tun i1e se 1arin awon Yoruba? .
2. Ti i1e koriko ba gbo kinni iA~ T,. awon
• okunrin
, lati se
. nipa reV
•
3. Nitori kinni nw?n ,e nfi koriko di ile nW9n?
4. Kinni oruko, miran fun agbala?
5. Kinni nw~n Ie fi ,e agba1a yi?
-'
6. Da'rukC? aw~n nkan ti DW9n ma gbin si'nu agba1a.
168

CHILDREN'S WORK - TEXT 1
Ise ti 0 w9Po 1arin aW9n omo

, • , • I
The duty which is common
kekeke, papa julo ni i1e among the children,
• especially at their homes,
nwon ni 1ati ma jise.
• I ,
is to run errands.
Imiran nwa lati ma 10, si oko, Some are to go to the farm

lati ran obi re, lowo. in order to assist their
I I parents.
Imiran wa tWo jepe

I
odo ni yio Some often go to the river
saba 10, ati wipe lati ma 10 [to draw water] and to cut
I ,
wood from the farm.
ke igi loko.
Irniran a si wa tWo j~pe ymu There are others that help

nikan ni 'rna ba baba re, tabi their father or mother
carry palm wine.
iya re rUe t
Awon omoI kekeke feran

I ••
lati rna Children like to run errands.
jise. I •
Eyiti ko ba jise l'a npe ni ole. I • • •

The one that refuses to go
on an errand we often call
an indolent child.
Eyiti 0 ba nji~~ dada, aw~n obi He who runs errands well,

re a rna fun ni nkan. his parents usually give
• him things •
169

"
Awon
T
orno
••
,/
kekeke
/
•
"
/,,, feran /
1ati ma -
J1~7·
, " " ,
Eyiti ko ba jise 1'a npe ni ole.
/ / ,/, /,
, f , •
Irn{r~n ~w~ l~ti rna 10, si oko,

/ , ran o'b 1f re" lowo_
lat1 / /
, .' I
.
, I 1/ / / 1/ __ ....
'lrn1ran
I ' wa'\ Eyiti 0 ba nji~~ dada, awon ob1
t'o/Jepe
,// ' ni Y10
odo I .... / ~ / - /
,v , '1/ / "" re a rna fun ni nkan.
•
saba 10,
, ati wipe lati rna 10,
/ ., ,
ke 191 loko.
' I ' a S1~ wa t'o j7pe yrnu

lrn1ran I '\ / ""
n1 'k an n1. .. rna

- b"
a b'"
aba re,\ ta'b 1(
'\ / \ ,
1ya r~ rUe
.
lse
, ti 0 ·larin aW9n orno
kekeke, papa julo, ni _
.. Awon
, --- kekeke lati rna
.
jise •
••
____ ni 1ati rna jise.
,
lrniran nwa lati rna 10, si oko,

----_ ko ba l' a npe ni ole.
, .
lati ran obi re 1owo. . .,
Eyiti 0 ba , awon obi
lrniran wa t'o jepe --- ni yio •
f re a rna fun ni nkan.
saba 10, ati wipe lati rna 10 •
• •
ke igi ----a
lmiran a si wa t'o --------

nikan ni 'rna ba baba re tabi
•
.
iya re -- •
170

Ise ti 0 w<j>PO larin aW<j>n --- Awon omo feran lati rna
•______
• • jUl~ ni ile • •• •
,.papa ---_.
nW9n ni lati rna - --- •
Eyiti ko ba l'a npe ni •
Irniran nwa lati rna 10, ai --- J
lati ran re lowo.

I "
.., -."
Eyiti 0 ba nji~~ dada, aw~n _

Irniran wa t'o jepe odo ni yio
• __ a rna fun ni nkan •
____ 10, ati wipe lati rna 10
______ • loko. •
Irniran a si wa t'o jepe ---

nikan ni 'rna ba
.
re, tabi
___ re rUe
.
1. I~:Hr
• • .
wo ni o W?P? ti awon omode saba rna se
, ni iIe?
2. Kinni awon omode saba ma 10 lati fie ni oko?
• , , I
3. Iru iranlowo , • ti awon

, • wo ni omo •
obi re ba nta emu le se?
• • .
4. Iru orno wo ni a npe ni ol~?
• • • •
5. Ere kinni 0 wa fun omo
, ti 0 ba nj'ise dada?
• • •
171

CHILDREN'S WORK - TEXT 2
lse kekeke ti awon omo rna saba

t t t • ,
Small duties which children
usually do in the house
~e ni ile ohun ni lati ppn omi, are: to draw water, to
lati f~ a~q, lati ji~~ miran. wash clothes, and to run
other errands.
AW9n qmq ti ori nW9n ba ya, ti Children who are always in

good spirits, and do good
nse ise daradara a rna ri ebUn work usually receive gifts
•
,..
gba lodo awon obi nwon.
•
. from their parents.
Awon eyit'o jepe ole ni nwon, Those that are lazy do not
· i' ·
nwqn ko iri nkankan gba.
· usually receive anything.
. . .
Awon orno kekeke feran
, lati
jise n'tori ebun ti a 0 fun
rna Children like to go on
errands because of the
•• • gifts which we shall give
nwon • to them.
•
l,~ ti nw~n n,e ni lati gbal~ The duties which they often
do are to sweep the floor,
lati pon omi, lati fo aso, to fetch water, to wash
• • ••
.
lati toju omo
., kekeke miran
t'o tun kere ju awon na 10.
clothes, and to take care
of other small children
I • that are smaller than they
themselves are.
lltumq Iko iri/ ati ,/ki iri/ j~ bakanna.
172

/ / ... / (... .IX , .I,,, .I, , -

l~~ kekeke t1 aW9n 9m9 rna saba AW9n 9m9 kekeke f~ran lati ma
(.I /
t' / / ( "
~e n1 ile ohun ni lati P9n omi, J'1se n'tor1 ebun t1/ a 0, ,fun
"
•• •
.I
. ..
/ {" v ,
lati fo aso, lati j ,~ miran. nwon.
•
Aw~n
, /
qmq ti ori nW9n ba ya, ti
/ .1.1.1 lse . .I /
, ti nwon nee ni lati gbal~
/ .
.. / " / ,
lat1 P?n om i ,lat1

.I, f
9 a~q,
/
. .
,.1
nse 1se
,
/.1
daradara a ma r1/ "ebun . .I, "" "',,
lat1 toju omo kekeke m1ran y,
"
gba .I"
lodo
'"
awon ' I
ob1 nwon.
. / I
• ••
".I ,
teo tun kere ju awon
~
, na 10. .
, ,.I I .I /\ ,
Aw?n eyit'o jepe 9l~ ni nwqn,
/
nwon
... { / ,
, ko ri nkankan gba.
lse kekeke t1, awon omo ma""" saba"-

I • • • • I~~ kekeke ti aW9n 9m9 rna saba
se
•
ni ile ohun ni lati P9n omi, ~e ni ile ohun ni 1ati P9n omi,
lati f? a~q, lati ji,~ miran. lati f? a~q, 1ati ji,~ miran.
Aw~n qmq ti ori nwqn ba ya, ti Aw~n qmq ti ori nwqn ba ya, ti
, ise daradara a rna ri ebun
nse . , ise daradara a rna ri ebun
nse ,
gba lodo awon obi nwon.
••• • gba lodo awon obi nwon.
'" .
Aw?n eyit'o j~pe 9l~ ni nwqn, Aw?n eyit'o j~pe 9l~ ni nwqn,
, ko iri nkankan gba.
nwon , ko iri nkankan gba.
nwon
AW9n 9m9 kekeke f~ran lati ma

J'ise n'tori ebun ti a 0 fun
- Awon
•
omo
• I
kekeke feran
I
1ati ma
jise n'tori ebun ti a 0 fun
-
•• • •• •
nwon. nwon.
• •
lse .
, ti nwon nse ni lati gbal~..
lati pon omi, lati fo as,q,
lse ti nwon nse ni lati gbal~
, I • •
I •
lati pon omi, lati fo as,q,I •
lati toju omo kekeke miran lati toju omo kekeke miran
• •• t ••
t' 0 tun kere J'u awon na 10. I • t'o tun kere ju awon na 10. I t
173

1. Iru ise kekeke wo ni awon orno rna saba se ni iIe?

, , , •• I
2. Iru awon orno wo ni i rna ri ebun gba Iodo obi won?

, I I " I •
3.
· ·
Oruko wo ni a npe awon orno ti ko ba fe Iati se ise?
., '" ,
4. .,
"" jise?
Nitori kinni awon orno kekeke rniran fi feran lati rna
t • • •
5. Da'ruko aWOh ise ti awon ornode rna se ni ile.

I , , , , . • •
174

SOME MODERN OCCUPATIONS - TEXT 1
AW9n ti nW9n ka'we larin aW9n Those that are educated
o ya~p
.
,. , ti
Yoruba ni'sisiyi nse iRe
di 7 si aW9n baba nla
('read books') among the
Yorubas nowadays do jobs
which differ somewhat from
tabi iya nla nwqn. [those of] their grand-
fathers or grandmothers.
AW9n obinrin t'o ka'we n19 si Educated women are going to

ile'we lati ~e bl ti~a. school to work as teachers.
Aw~n ~lomiran wa t'o j7pe i~~ There are some that do

ak<;'We ni nw?n nf!e. clerical work.
AW9n ~lomiran wa t'o j~pe i~~ There are others whose work
ka rna fi nwo
T··. lu ero;
•• eyiti a is pressing [their] hand
on a machine; this which
npe ni "typist" ni •opolopo
t , • we call 'typist' is what
nse. many are doing.
t
Awqn nW9nyi, nwqn ngba awo These are receiving

ribiribi. considerable money.
Kosi 'yat9 larin owo ti 9kunrin There is no difference

ati obinrin ngba. between the money which
men and women are receiving.
175

~.
AW9n ti" / ka'we
nwon ' / -
A
,
larin awon ,AW9n , ""
~lom1ranwa" t ,'" / , , "
0 ]~pe 1~~
ka/ rna
""'" fi 9W~"lu"~r9; eY1t1
' ' ' 1 'a
, I '/ \ V I "',,
Yoruba ni'sis1yi nse i~~ ti
/ ," { ' / " " / / /
o yatp d1~ si aW9n baba nla r{pe' nl "typist" ni opolopo • I • •
,,(\ / /./ /
tab1 1ya nla nwqn. nse. I
, ,,/ ,,/ /
Awqn nwqny1, nwqn ngba owo
ribiribi.
\
Awon '/'"
elorn1ran wa tWoI j~pe
I' /
i,~ Kosi 'yat9 l~rin owo t{ 9Kunrin
• I
"
ati '"
ob1nrin /"
ngba.
ak~e ni nw?,n rt~e.
AW9n ti ka 'we aW9n

Awc;>n ti nwern ----- larin aW9n
Yoruba ni'sisiyi ------- ti ______ ni' sisiyi nfle i~~ ti
o di~ si aW9n baba nla
tabi iya nla nwqn.

o yato
tabi
,die
. si awon
nwqn.
._
AW9n ------_ tWo ka'we n19 si AW9n - - - - - - -. t I 0 ka' we -

ile'we lati se bI ----I
I ______ lat1, tJe b"'t1 t '1~a.
.
Awon elorniran
,
_____ ni nwon
wa tlo j~pe i~~
Awon
, -------- wa t'o j~pe i~~
, _____ ni nwon n~e.
•
AW9n wa t'o j~pe i~~
AW9n ~lorniran wa t'o j~pe i~~
ka rna fi lu I eyiti a ka rna
""'" fJ., ' t '1 a
~r9; eY1
npe ni "typist" ni _ npe ni " " ni opolopo
• I • •
--_. nse.
I
Awqn nwqnyi, nwqn ngba owo Awqn nwqnyi, nwqn - - - _ awo

________ e
-------_.
Kosi 'yat9 ----- owo ti 9Kunrin Kosi 'yat9 larin ti _
ati obinrin ngba. ati -----__ ngba.
176

1. . , baba n1a tabi iya n1a wa 10. si i1e'we?

Nje awon
2. Iru i~~ wo ni aw?n obinrin ti 0 ka'we n~e ni ode oni?
..
(eyiti a npe ni typist) ni nW9n n~e."
'.
Pari gbolohun oro yi: ft Awon e10miran wa to j~'pe
. , . ,ise
.
4. Iru awo wo ni awon . o~ise

,. nW9nyi ngba?
5. Kinni iyat9 ti 0 wa ninu owo ti 9kunrin ati obinrin ti 0
. .
ka'we ngba ti nwon ba nse iru ise, kanna? .
177

SOME MODERN OCCUPATIONS - TEXT 2
Awon obinrin tlo 10 si ile'we Women that attend school do

·
nlo ., .. •
se ise ti 0 dara. I jobs which are good.
Awpn yat~ si awqn baba nla They are different (econom-

ically) from their grand-
tabi iya nla nwqn tlo j~pe
oko ni nwon
,
"" nlo.
rna . mothers or their grand-
fathers who used to go to
the farm.
Ninu awon obinrin nwonyi, a ni Among these [educated] women

• • we have teachers.
.
A ni awon tlo jepe nwon nlo
-' , ,. We have those that go to work
in an office.
."
sise ni ofisi.
Iru ise .,.

, , ti nwo,n nse je akowe The type of work that they
are doing is clerical or
tabi typist. typist.
.
Awon nwonyi
, ngba owo ribiribi. These receive considerable
money.
Kosi iyato larin owo ti okunrin There is no difference in the

• • salaries which the men and
ati obinrin ngba. the women are receiving.
lOhun ti ~ gb9 yatq 8i ohun tWo ye k'o je.

~ gb9 /nlq 8i i~~ ti 0 daradara7; ·
Nje e .Ie. . ,.
so ohun t'o buru pelu oro yi?
178

. "
2
Awon obinrin ti nwon 10 si
i1e ' we nwonyi, nwon wu10
Women that attend these
schools are useful to
t t
their husbands.
fun oko, nwon
, • .
Awon obinrin tid 10 si i1e l we ,I. / ~ ./" ,I,,"

I , Iru ~~~ t~ nwqn n~e j~ ak9we
J • / l , "
n10. ,se ~se
t ,
t~ 0 dara. tab{ typist.
" '\" I' '1//

Awpn yat~ s~ aW9n baba n1a , "I ,/ ,/
\ (~/ 1/ 1/'/ /
AW9n nW9ny~ ngba owo ribiribi.
tab~ ~ya n1a nwqn t 0 J~pe
oko
.
n~
/
nwon rna n10.
/
• • "/'>"
Kos~ 1yato
".
~
, larin owo t~ okunrin
'). . I '
/ (
.
//\ \.. "I ~
at~ ob~nr~n ngba.
N~nu aW9n ob~nr~n nw?ny~, a n~
aW9n 01 Uk4ni •
~, / // ,I;'
.
Awon obf.nrin t{ nWbn 10 si
A V "I
ile'we nwonyi,
'I .I '
nwon wulo
A n~ awon tlo jepe nwon n10~ , t
, A' , /
. / I' --, fun oko nwon.
s~se n~ ofisi. " ,
, "
2 The singular pronoun /0/ is usually used in a relative

clause of this type. It is difficult to identify what
was actually spoken here.
179

.
Awon ------- t' 0 -_ si ile'we Awon
, nwonyi
, ngba ribiribi.
., ..
nl0 se ise ti 0 dara.
Awpn yat? si _ Kosi larin ti okunrin

•
ati obinrin ngba.
tabi ------- nW9n t' 0 j~pe
"'" nl0.
___ ni nwon rna
.
• I
Awon ------- ti nwon

'. 10 ai
ile'we , nW9n wul0
.
Ninu awon ------- nwonyi. a ni
.' fun oko
. , nwon. .
A ni aw~n t'o j~pe nw~n nlq
ni ofisi.
Iru ise
, , ti nwon
, nse
." je akowe
,
tabi •
Awon obinrin t' 0 10 si _ Awon

, nwonyi
, ngba owo - •
•
.,
nlo se ise
, ti . 0
•
----I
Awpn 8i aW9n -- _ Kosi iyato larin cwo ti--_---_

I
tabi -- nW9n t' 0 j~pe ati ngba.

oko ni nwon rna nlo.
• I
Awon obinrin'ti nwon 10 ai

I ,
.
Ninu awon obinrin nwonyi, a ni
• •
.
ile'we nwonyi, nwon
,
aw<\>n • --- oko
"
nwon.
,
A ni awon
,
t'o jepe
•
nwon
,
nlo'T
.
sise
,. ni ----_ •
Iru ise ti nwon nse je
, I , . , .
_
tabi typist.
180

1. Iru awon
, obinrin wo ni 0 10
, 1ati
7 Re ise
f, daradara?
2. Iyato wo 10 wa 1arin awon ti 0 ka'we ati awon baba n1a tabi
f • ,
iya nla nwon?

•
3. Da'ruko orisi ise meji ti awon ti
• • • , •
0 ka'we nse. f
4. Pari gbo1ohun yi: Awon

, ti 0 kawe ngba owo •
5.
., nwon
fun oko
.
Bawo ni awon obinrin ti
, 81?
0
.
10 8i i1e'we ti se
" je oluranlowo .
181

BUILDING RAPPORT - TEXT I
Ki omo Peace Corps ki 0 to Ie

I I • Before a PCV can be useful to
wulo fun aW9n ti 0 19 ba ni those he has gone to meet
in Nigeria, he must associate
Naijiria, 0 gb9dq fi ara rr himself with the people he
we awon enia teo 10 ba nibe. has gone to meet there.
• ••
Awon agbalagba a rna powe wipe

•
- The elders often give the
'Enikeni tWo ba mu obo,
• I I ,
yio proverb: 'Whoever will
catch a monkey will imitate
sebi obo.' a monkey. '
• ••
I
Toto 0 ?ebi owe o. Pardon me'lit resembles a
proverb.
Ekinni, n'gbati 0 ba de'b~, First, when he reaches there,

yio gbiyanju lati ~e bi he will try to do as the
people do.
awon
, papa ti nge.
.
Lehin na yio s9 fun nW9n, yio Then he will address them, he
will assemble them and say,
.
pe nW9n jo wipe 'Ohun ti a fe
, . 'What we want for your welfare
fun alafia nyin ni yi. are these ... '
.
o Ie pe awon agbe" jo k'o ba He can meet with the farmers
. ,.
nwon soro nipa oko nwo,n, to discuss their farming:
he can also meet with the
o si Ie pe aW9n oni~owo jq, traders to discuss their
k'o ba nW9n sqr9 nipa owo nwqn. trade.
lAmong the Yoruba people, one seldom quotes proverbs in the presence
of one's elders, and when one does, a standard apology is immediate
offered.
122

'" ./
Ki orno Peace Corps ki 0 to Ie
, ", ",
/" "", , ",
I I • L~hin na yio s9 fun nW9n, yio
wUl0 fun aW9n tf 0 19 ba ni pe nW9n j9 wipe 'Ohun ti a f~
" , ",
Naijiria, "''' fi ara rr"
0 gb9dq , ''''', / ... v
fun alafia nyin ni yi.'
"
we awon ,,-"./
enia t'o 10 ba, '" "
nibe.
I "
" '" " a rna powe wipe _... ",

o Ie pe , agbe" jo k'o b~
awon
A~lIon
•
agbalagba
•
'"
'Enikeni t'c ba rnu obo, yio
I
",...
I ,
/
, . '.
nwon sora nlpa oko nwon,
;- ........ <" ,
o S1. Ie pe aW9n on1.?cwo Jq,
I
sebl obo.'
• I I k'o ba nW9n sqr9 nlpa cwo nw~n.
" / ......
/ /
Toto 0 ?ebi owe o.
Ekinni, n'gbati 0 ba de'b~,

'.I" " "./ ' ""
yio gbiyanju lati ~e bi

, papa ti r;~e.
awon
Xi orno Peace Corps. ki 0 to Ie

I I L~hin na yio s9 fun nW9n, yio
wul0 fun aW9n ti 0 19 ba ni pe nW9n j9 wipe 'Ohun ti a f~
Naijiria, 0 gb9dq _ fun ni yi.'
, awon enia t'o 19 ba nib~.
I
Awon. a rna powe wipe - o Ie pe aw?n

nW9n S9r? nipa
jp k'o ba
~
,
. .
'Enikeni t'o ba rnu , yio
, o si Ie pe aW9n jq,
k'o ba nW9n sqr9 nipa •
Toto 0 ?ebi o.
Ekinni, n'gbati 0 ba de'b~,

yio gbiyanju lati ~e bi
183

Xi orno
I I
Peace Corps.ki 0 to Ie
____ ~ fun awc;>n ti 0 __
Ekinni, n'gbati 0 ba de'be ,
yio lati ~e bi
.
________ , 0 gb9dq fi ara rr aw?n papa ti n~e.
we aw?n enia t'o 19 ba nib~.
L~hin na yio __ _ , yio
....
Aw?n agbalagba a rna powe wipe
pe nW9n j9 wipe 'Ohun ti a f~
.,
'Enikeni __ - -- -- obo.' yio . fun alafia nyin ni yi. '
..
obo. '
o Ie pe awon agbe jo k'o ba
I "
Toto 0 owe o.
~--- ---- nipa oko nW9n,
.
o si Ie pe awon onisowo J'o ,
k'o ba nW9n sqr9 nipa
. .
nw~n.
1. So ohun ti 0 ye ki orno Peace Corps ki 0 se ti 0 ba fe

I ~. • "
wu10 fun aW9n ti 0 19 ba ni Naijiria.
2. .
OWe wo ni awon agbalagba rna- pa nipa .
eniti 0 ,
ba fe mu obo?
.,
3. Kinni a~a larin aW9n Yoruba nigbati ?rn9de ba pa owe nigbati 0

o ba wa 1arin awon
t
agba1agba?
4. Aw~n wo ni qm~ Peace Corps yio pe 1ati ba s9rq?
5. ,
Kinni yio ba won so? .
184

BUILDING RAPPORT - TEXT 2
'~nik~ni ti 0 ba mu Qbq yio 'Whoever catches a monkey

dabi <;>b<;>.' will imitate a monkey.
Toto 0 ~ebi owe o. Pardon me, it resembles a

proverb.
,nik~ni ninu awqn Peace Corps Any PCV who wants to be of

t'o ba f~ wulo pupq fun aW9n help to those he goes to
meet in Nigeria will
ti 0 19 ba ni Naijiria, yio associate himself with them.
l
da'ra r~ P9 mq nW9n.
Yio gbiyanju lati ba nwqn He will try to advise them.

da'm<;>nran.
Ko ni ~e yanga tabi k'o wa ninu He will not be pompous or ride

m9to t'o tobi ju, nigbati ~ about in a big car, when the
people over there go about
j~pe awqn enia r~ il~ ni nwqn on foot or ride bicycles.
nrin, k~k~ ni nwqn ngun kakiri.
Yio gbiyanju lati da'ra P9 mq He will try to associate himself

n·",,<;>n. with them.
L~hin na yio gba nW9n ni'yanju. Then he will give them advice.
AW9n agb~ - yio sQ fun nWQn bawo The farmers - he will tell them
lati Ie t9ju oko; aWQn how to take care of the farms;
the women - he will tell them
obinrin - yio sQ fun nwqn how to take care of the children.
bawo lati Ie t9ju qmq.
l/da'ra P9/ changed to fda'ra r~ pq./ The meanings elicited by the

two are substantially the same.
185
,/, , ,; 1/ , / ...
'Enikeni ti 0 '"
ba mu 9b9 yio Ko n~ ~e yanga tabi k 0 wa ninu
dabi <?b9. I m9to tlo tObi j~, nlgbati 0
j~pe awqn enia r~ il~ ni nW9n
Toto 0 ~ebi ~we o. nrin, k~]{~ ni nwqn 6g~n kikiri.
/ '" ~ ~ "
Yio gbiyanju lati da'ra P9 mq
., ; 1'./
Enikeni ninu awon Peace Corps
....
. nW9n.
tlo ba f~ wUl~ pupq fun aW9n
<II" / ~ "~,,, ...... "
ti 0 19 ba ni Naijiria, yio " A.., , , /"
L~hin na yio gba nWQn ni'yanju.
da'ra r~ P9 m~ nW9n.
/ I' AWQn agb~ - yio 5Q fun nWQn bawo

Yio gbiyanju lati ba nW9n , .... /' "
lati Ie t9ju oko: aWQn
d~'ro9nr~n. , ./ /
obinrin - yio sQ fun nwqn
bawo Iati Ie toju oroo.
I "
Yio gbiyanju lati __ mq

nW9n.
Toto 0 sebi
, ____ e
L~hin na yio ____ •
n~ I yanJu.
•
AWQn agb~ yio 5Q fun nWQn bawo

~nik~ni ninu awqn Peace Corps
tlo ba f~ _ lati Ie : aWQn
obinrin - yio sQ fun nwqn
-- - ni Naijiria, yio
baWD Iati Ie "
da'ra r~ P9 mq nW9n.
Yio gbiyanju lati ba nW9n
Ko ni ~e tabi k'o wa ninu

m9to tlo tobi ju, nigbati 0
j~pe awqn enia r~

nrin, ni nwqn ngun •
186

'~nik~ni ti 0 __ yio Ko ni ~e yanga tabi k'o wa

dabi <;>b9.' _________ , nigbati 0
j~pe awqn enia re, ile, ni nwon

,
____ 0 ~ebi owe o. nrin, k~k~ ni nwqn kakiri.
Yio gbiyanju Iati da'ra P9

~nik~ni ninu awqn Peace Corps
nW9n.
t' pupq fun aW9n
ti 0 19 ba ni Naijiria, yio L~hin na yio gba nW9n •
----- -- -_ mq nw~n.
AW9n ---_ - yio 5Q fun nWQn bawo

Yio Iati ba nwqn
Iati Ie t9ju oko: aWQn
da'm9 nran •
------- - yio SQ fun nwqn
bawo 1ati 1e t9ju qrnQ.
"~nik~ni
1. Pari owe yi: ti yio ba mu 9b9 _ "
2. Kinni idi na ti aW9n Yoruba fi ma wipe: ''Toto 0 sebi
, awe o"?
Iru ~m9 Peace Corps wo ni yio darap~ mp aw?n ~niti 0 I~

ba ni Naijiria?
4. .
Kinni omo, Peace Corps na yio gbiyanju Iati se?
,
5. Da'ruko\ nkan meji ti ko y~ ki 0 see
,
6. Imoran wo ni yio fun awon agbe ati awon obinrin?
• • • •
187

BUILDING RAPPORT - TEXT 3
Nigbati 9m? Peace Corps ti 0 ba If a PCV wants to be very

. .
fe wulo pupo fun awon t'o 10
ba ni Naijiria,
,
yio
. gbiyanju
useful to the people he
has gone to meet in
Nigeria, he will try to
lati da'ra P9 mo nwon. associate himself with
• • • them.
Aw?n agbalagba a ma s9 wipe The elders often give the

proverb, 'Whoever would
.
'Eni ti yio mu obo yio sebi
'" catch a monkey must pretend
·oboe. ' to be a monkey. '
Toto 0 sebi owe O. Pardon me, for it seems to be

•
a proverb.
Eyi ki i~e pe aW9n ara Naijiria This does not imply that the
obo ni nwon. Nigerians are monkeys.
• • •
~ugb?n ~nik~ni ti 0 ba f~l ba But whoever wants to work well

among them, he will associate
nW9n ?i~~ daradara yio da'ra himself with them.
p? m? nwqn.
Yio pe aw?n agb«r. He will call [a meeting of]

the farmers.
Yio gba nW9n ni'yanju g~g~bi He will advise them as friends

ore, bawo ni oko wa tise Ie [onJ how their farms can be
• • • good (productive).
dara.
Yio pe aW9n obinrin, yio ba nW9n He will call the women [and]
89 bawo l'a ~e Ie t9ju ~m9 tabi he will tell them how we
can take care of the children
ile. and the home.
Ion the tape there is an unintentional spoonerism with /ba f~./
1t8
"
Nigbati"'" 9m? Peace Corps ti" "0 ba ;'
Sugb6n enikeni tl 6 ba fe ba
• • •• •
fe ~lo pup~ fun awon t'o 10 " da'ra
nwon sise daradara yio
'"• ni "'-.. '" • ""
'" Naijiria, • ~ .. '"• • • I'
ba yio gb1yanju
/'
" m?
p? '" nwc;>n.
lati da'ra P9 mo nwon.
• • • "
Yio .
pe awon agbe.
,
. " " a ma~ 89 wipe
,Aw?n agbalagba '"
'Eni ti'" <'
Y10 muv,obo yio
" 8ebi" , ,,"'....";' "
Yio gba nW9n ni'yanju g~g~bi
;'
I • • •
?>b? ' "" , ....

9r~, bawo ni oko wa ti~e Ie
,.
dara.
Toto 6 sebi owe o •
•
~ ", .,
Yio pe aW9n obinrin, yio ba nW9n
.... "
Eyi ki.... "i~e pe"....aW9n ara" Na1J1r1a
.... -:-.-: '" s9 ,b~wo l'a ~e le
t?ju ~m9 tab!
ile.
abo ni nwan.
• • •
Nigbati 9m? Peace Corps ti 0 ba Yio pe awon

•
fe wulo pupo fun awon t'o 10
• •
ba ni Naijiria,
• •
_
---- ----- -- -- ----. Yio gba nW9n ni'yanju g~g~bi
___ , bawo ni __ Ie
4Y dara.
Aw?n agbalagba a rna 89 wipe
'--- -- --- -- --- --- ---- Yio pe aW9n , yio ba nW9n
s9 bawo 1'a ~e 1e --- tabi
ile.
Toto 0 sebi owe o •
•
Eyi ki i~e pe aW9n ara _
.,.. .
~ugbon enikeni ti 0 ba fe
nwC?n
" ba
yio da' ra
.
p? mC? nwc;>n.
159

Nigbati 9m? Peace Corps ti 0 ba ~ugbpn ti 0 ba f, ba

f
-
T ---- ---- --- ---- --- --
Naijiria, yio gbiyanju
. . .,
nwon sise daradara yio da'ra
--
nwon.
I
1ati da'ra P9• moI nwon.

•
.
Yio __ awon agbe.
,
Awon agbalagba a _
...
I
'Eni
, ti yio mu obo yio sebi
Yio gba nW9n g~g~bi
..
obo. '
9r~, bawo ni aka wa ti~e 1e
dara.
Toto 0 O.
Yio pe aW9n obinrin, yio ba nW9n

Eyi ki i~e pe Naijiria bawo 1'a fe 1e t?ju
_ _I tabi
obo
• I
ni nwon.
•
1. Nitori kinni 0 fi y~ fun qm9 Peace Corps lati da ara r~ P?

mo awon ti 0 10 ba ni Naijiria?
•• •
2. Gegebi owe awon agbalagba, kinni eniti yio mu obo yio Ae?
• ' . f ' , T
d ~
8. Idi wo ni aw~n Yoruba £i ma s9 wipe: Toto 0 sebi owe?
I
4. Kinni orno Peace Corps yio se gege bi ore fun awon

• • I
agbe?
I • •• ••
5. Kinni yio so, fun awon obinrin? ,
190

YORUBA GREETINGS - TEXT 1
Nigbati ~m9'~~ Peace Corps t'o When a PCV reaches Nigeria

and he wants to associate
ba de Naijiria, ti si fe
0
. .
•
da'ra po, mo awon ti 0 wa nibe
pa~ jU19 lati ma ki nWQn, 0
. himself with those ,that
are there, especially in
greeting them, he must
first of all know the method
gb9d~ k9k p m9 ?na wo l'a 0 gba of greeting people so that
they will be happy.
ki aW9n enia na, ti inu nwqn
yio fi dun.
T'o ba ri aW9n agb~, yio ki nW9n If he sees farmers, he will

greet them thus: 'You are
pe, ":J;: kU'fl~ o. ~e oko nl<;> working hard. ('Greetings
dada?" at work.') Is [the work
on] the farm going well?"
T'o ba ri aW9n oni~owo, yio sq 1£ he sees traders, he will

say to them: "Is your
fun nwqn pe, "~e 9ja nyin nta merchandise selling well?
dada? Aje yio wo'gba
, 0." Hope your business is pros-
pering!~ ('The goddess of
money will enter your
calabash.' )
T'o ba ri aW9n oni~~ 9w~, yio If he sees handicraftsmen
bi nwon ...
, pe, "Se ise nyin, se . he will say, "Does your
work bring in money?"
. .
o run' owo lowo dada?"
.
Inu awon nwonyi
, yio si dun. These (peo~le) will be very
happy. t'Their stomach
will be very sweet.')
T'o ba ri awon
, agbalagba, yio If he sees his elders-he will
greet them first.
koko ki nwon.
• • •
191

I
Nigbati
,,/ ,.I'
~rn9 .~Peace Corps t'o
/ , /
T 0
~~
ua
1" ~
r1. aW9n on1.~~ Qwq, y 0
/ / {
~ d~ Nalj(ri~, ti ~ s! f~
' / pe,
b 1. nwon
,
/
. ..
" Se. I ,1.8e/ ny1.n
(
, se/ .
da , ra po
'/
.'
.~/ \.
• ('
, rno awon t1. 0 wa n1.be,
papa' jU19 l'ti ma k{ nWQn, 6
/ /,/1//
.
o nm owo Iowa dada?" .
/, /-", / \. /' ,,/ 1'\
Inu aw<;>n nwpny1. Y1.0 81. dun.
\
gb~C? k9k p rnC? ?na wo l'a 0 gba
(" '-~, ~ I. /
k1. aWQn en1.a na, t1. 1.nu nwqn
/ f'1. d'
Y1.0 un •
" ( y
T'o.I ba/ r1./ 'awon
, agb~, Y1.0 k1. nWQn
ee
~ " "E k~' T • o. S~
dada?"
, oko nlo .
T II'
0 ba/ r1.( aw<t>n
'
on{,awo,
" (
Y1.0 sq
/ / /."- I
fun nwqn pe, "~e C?Ja ny1.n nta
.I"
dada? Aj~ yio wo'g~ , 0."
Nigbati ------ Peace Corps tlo T'o ba ri aW9n oni~~ Qwq, yio
ba de Naijiria, ti 0 si fe bi nw~n pe, "~e if!~ nyin, ,e
• o dada?"
- -, -
----- -- rno awon ti 0 wa nibe
' . ' ma ki nWQn, 0 '
papa Ju19 lat1.
..
gbodo ---- -- wo l'a 0 gba . .
awon nwonyi yio si dun.
ki aWQn enia na, ti inu nwqn
yio fi dun.
T'o -- awon
, agbalagba, yio
T'o ba ri
pe, 'l kU',~ o.
____ , yio ki nwQn
Se
, oko ---
koko
, .
ki nwon. .
----,"
T'o ba ri aw<t>n oni,awo, yio 8q

f un nwqn pe, II -- --- - _
dada? yio wo'gba 0."
•
192

Nigbati 9m9'~~ Peace Corps t'o T'o ba ri aW9n ----- - __ , yio

ba de Na~j~r~a, _ bi nwon pe, "Se ise nyin, se
.
, f " f
----- -- mo awon ti 0 wa nibe

--"
-." . • •"
," • o nm'owo lowo dada?" .
papa ]u19 lat~ ma -- ---- I 0
gb9d~ k9k? m9 ?na wo l'a 0 gba Inu yio 8i dun.
ki aW9n enia na, ti - - _ nwqn
yio fi •
T'o ba ri awon
, agbalagba, yio
T'o ba ri awon , yio ki nwo.n
, agbe,
pe, "
dada?"
-. Se oko nlo, . ---- ki nW9n.
T'o ba ri aW9n , yio sq

fun nwon
, pe, "Se
, nyin
____? Aje yio wo'gba 0."
•
1. Kinni 0 y~ ki 9mQ"~ Peace Corps ki 0 kQK9 mq bi 0 ba

f~ dara pq m9 aW9n ti 0 wa ni Naijiria?
3. Kinni yio wi fun aW9n oni~owo bi 0 ba f~ ki w9n'
4. Kinni yio ~e nigbati 0 ba ri aW9n agbalagba?
193

Nigbati ?m9 Peace Corps ti 0 ba When a PCV goes to Nigeria,

19 si Naijiria, ti 0 si f~ and he wishes to associate
himself with the people
da'ra P9 m9 aw~n ti 0 wa nib~ that are there, especially
papa ju19 lati ki nW9n, tWo to greet them - when he
visits farmers he will say,
ba de ?d9 awqn a9b~, yio s~ 'Well done since morning!
. ..
wipe, "E ku 'se 0 ,.e ku at'aro.
, Is your work progressing
well?"
~e'~~ nyin nl? dada?"
T'o ba de 9d9 aW9n oni~owo, When he reaches the traders,

bakanna yio s9pe, "Se likewise he will say,
, aje '~ope money enters your
nwo igba?" calabash."
•
Bayi, inu aw~n enia yio dun Thus, the people will be
wipe: "A! enia dada ni happy and say, '~his is a
very nice man or woman."
arakunrin tabi arabinrin yi."
T'o ba ri agbalagba, yio k9k9 When he sees his elders he

' .
ki nwon.'toripe
wa pe a gbodo
awon
, enia
will greet them first,
because our people say
., bowo
" fun agba. that we must pay respect
to our elders.
194

I .... I { / / I v , \. \.,' I ....

N1gbat1 ?rn9 Peace Corps t 0 ba Bay1. , inu awqn en1.a Y1.0 dun
I " . I 1\ /;' \ / 1/ 1\" '\'\ _ - •
19 S1 Na1J1r1a, t1 0 si f~ w1pe: "A! en1a dada n1
da'ra po rno awon t{ 0 wa nlb~ arak~nrin tab! arabinrin y't.."
• • • T
papa jU19 1~ti ki nw~n, t'6
ba/ de/ "pd9\.
awqn " "
agb~, Y10 s9
I 1/ ("
T' 0 ba r1 agba1agba, Y10 k9k9
" IV/
I
I
I 1/
/
~e'~~ ny1n n1? dada?

/
·
w1pe, "E ku 'se 0 ,.e ku at'aro.
,..,,,
/
..
\ /",,, \.
, k1I nwon,'tor1pe
I
•
I
,.\"
;"
•
'"
awon en1a
/"
wa pe a gbodo
., bowo " fun agba.
I / I" , I \. '\
T'o ba de odo awc;>n on1.flowo,
~ l>
•I• ,. ,,;, . /
bakanna Y1.0 sc;>pe, Se aJe
•
nwo igba?"
•
____________ , ti 0 si
..
Nigbati orno Peace Corps ti 0 ba
f~
Nigbati ?rn9 Peace Corps ti 0 ba
-- -- Naijiria, ti 0 si f~
da'ra po rno -- _ _ -- awqn ti 0 wa nib~
• •
papa jU19 1ati ki nw~n, t'o papa ju19 1ati -- nw~n, t'o
ba de pd9---- -----, yio s9 ba de pd9 awqn agb~, yio s9
wipe, "E ku 'se
, ·
0 '.e ku at'ira.
~e'~~ nyin n1? dada?"
,. wipe, ,~, ku 'se .
, 0 ,.e ku at'iro.
,
-- -- ---- --- ~---
?"
T'o ba de 9d9 awc;>n oniflowo,

bakanna yio sc;>pe, It __ - - -
..
T'o ba de odo ---- ----_ ..
bakanna yio sc;>pe, "Se aje
•
--- ---_?" nwo igba?"
•
Bayi, --- ---- ---- yio dun Bayi, inu awqn enia yio dun
wipe: "A! enia dada ni wipe: "A! enia dada ni
arakunrin tabi arabinrin yi." --------- tabi yi. "
T'o __ ri ---------, yio koko T'o ba ri agba1agba, yio

• •
ki nwon,'toripe awon enia - - nwon,' toripe awon enia
• • • •
wa pe a bowo fun agba.
• •
wa pe a gbodo , . fun agba.
195

1. Larin onifiJowo tabi agb~, tani ikini yi wa fun: "~e

aje, nw<;>gba
, o?"
2. Kinni aw~n enia yio s9 nipa ~niti 0 ba nki enia dada?
3. Ti ~9 Peace Corps bari agba1agba kinni y~ ki 0 kqk9 ~e?
4. Kinni 8W<?n enia gbagbq pe a gbqdC? ~e si aW9n agba1agba?
196

Enia kiki J'e ohun ti 0 se pataki Greeting is an important

• •
thing (custom) among
larin awon
, YorUba.
the Yoruba people.
Nigbati 9mq'~~ Peace Corps teo When a PCV goes to [live]

ba 10 si arin awqn Yoruba, ti among ('the midst of')
• the Yoruba people, and he
o si fe• •
ko bi a tise
•
ki enia, wants to learn how we greet
ohun ti 0 se pataki ni wipe t people, what is important
• is that he knows how he can
ki 0 mC? ~na ti 0 gba ki nwC?n greet them well.
dada.
Ti 0 ba de <;>dp aW9n agb~, yio When he comes upon farmers

s9 fun nwon pe, "~ ku at'arq, he will tell them, "Well
done since morning! You
e ku 'se o. Se nkan oko ndara?" have worked well! Hope
• • •
the crops are good~"
T'o ba de qdp awc;>n oni~owo, yio When he comes to traders he

so. pe, "Se .
, aje nwo' gba of?" will tell them,~ "Hope y;our
business is prospering! '
('Hope money is entering
your calabash.')
..
T'o ba de odo awon
, ti nta'ja, If he comes to sellers, in
bakanna ni yio ki nw~n. the same way he will greet
them.
Awon
, enia wa gbagbo" wipe, orno, Our people believe that the
kekere 1'0 ye k'o ko ki young ought to be the first
• • to greet their elders.
agbalagba.
197

\ "" /.,/ / / I , \.. \ / / /", ('-\ ('

Enia k1ki je ohun t1 0 ~e patak1 T'o ba de odo awon
, on1~owo, Y10
~
larin "
awon Yoruba. 8~
/ /
pe, "~e aje nwq gba o?
/ I' , / "
,I \.1 ,I , /
N1gbat1 9rnq ~~ Peace Corps t 0
I ,.::... \. 'I I
ba 10 81 arin awqn Yoruba, t1 / I /", r / .'
I T'o ba de odo awon t1 nta'Ja,
/
o S1 " I
f~ kp b(1 a/ .
t1~e
k{1 en1a,
'- '\-' I .(> O. I'V
(I ''- '\ • I I
bakanna ni Y10 k1 nw?n.
ohun t1 0 ~e patak1 n1 w1pe,
II "1/ \. ~
k1 0 m9 ?na t1 0 gba k1 nW9n , ,)., \ I I /
dada. Awon en1a wa gbagbO
~ , W1.pe, qm~
kekere 1'0 ye k 0 k~ ki
L / / , /
1 1 ,-" ...... • •
1
T1 0 ba de
/ '-"
~dp aW9n
"
agb~, Y10
/ agba1ag.oa.
/ / I"-~'
89 fun nwon pe, "~ ku at'arq,
~ k~ '~~ o. ~~ nkan oko rtdara?"
Enia kiki je -- - -- ------ T'o ba de qdp aW9n oni~owo, yio

• pe, ,
larin awon Yoruba.
s~
" ~"
Nigbati 9mq'~~ Peace Corps t'o

-- ---- ---- ---- Yoruba, ti T'o ba de odo awon
, ti- .. _
o si kp bi a ti~e ki enia, bakanna ni yio ki nw?n.
ohun ti 0 ~e ------ ni wipe,
ki 0 m9 ti 0 gba ki nW9n
Awr:rn enia wa ------ wipe,
dada.
kekere 1'0 ye• k'o kof ki
agba1agba.
-- --- nwon pe, " - -- ------,

~ ku '~e o. .
Be nkan oko ndara?"
198

Enia ---- je ohun ti 0 fle _ T'o ba de ado

. , awon
, ----- __ , yio
•
larin awon Yoruba. s? pe, "?e nW9'gba O?1f
Nigbati 9mG'~~ Peace Corps t'o

ba ] () si - .__ Yoruba, ti
I
T'o ba de ~d9 aW9n ti nta'ja,
o si f~ kp bi a ,
------- ni yio ki nw?n.
ohun ti 0 ~e pataki ni wipe,
ki 0 m9 ?na ti
dada.
0 gba ki nW9n
.
Awon enia wa gbagbo. wipe, omo
kekere 1'0 ye, k'o ko, ki
, .
Ti ba de odo
0
, , - , yio
s9 fun nwon pe, Iff.: ku at'arq,
~ ku '~e o. ~e nkan oko - 1"
1. Kinni enia kiki J'e larin awon Yoruba? . .

2. Kinni 0 ~e pataki fun 9m9'~e Peace Corps lati m9
nigbati 0 ba 10 si Naijiria?
•
3. Iru awon onise wo ni ikini yi wa fun:
I I I "Se nkan oko ndara?"
I
4. AW9n enia gbag'b<;>, wipe
199

MORE ABOUT YORUBA GREETINGS - TEXT 1
Nigbati omo kekere ba fe ki When d younger person wants

• • ko ni 89 W1pe
: 1 to greet an elderly person
agbalagba, he is not to use "iwo"
"iwC?," ~ugb<?n yio pe "~." ( ''you'' for ones equal',
but he will say "~" «('you"
respectfully) •
Nipa eleyi, yiotpe "E kabq. 0 ," In reference to this, he
.
HE kiro . 0."
will say "Welcome sir,"
[or] "Good morning sir."
~ugb9n tlo ba ~epe ~gb~ r~ ni, But if he is his contemporary

he can say "Good morning~"
o le pe ''Karo. ' " tabi ''Kahn
-y' " or ''welcome!''
.
Omokunrin
, yio dobale fun eni
tlo ba ju 1~, ~ugb?n obinrin
. The boy will prostrate for
whoever is older than he
is but a girl will kneel.
yio kunle.
"'" -'
Obinrin papa, t'o ba fe ki oko Even if a women wants to
I .,
salute her husband, she
r~, yio s~ pe, "~ kar9 o'9kq will say, '~ood morning,
mi , " tabi "E
'kabo
. 0,, .
oko mi. I. my husband" or "Welcome,
my husband."
Eyi je asa larin awon Yoruba. This is a custom among the

• • • Yoruba people.
1/ko ni 1q wi/ corrected to /ko ni sq wipe/.
200

' . t'
. t'o
'I. .... , ....
I
N1gbat~
\.
orno k e/k ere/ ba/ fe'" k ~f
I Orno k unr:ln
, '" "
y~o
"
dobale fun eni
' ,
" '" • ~ 'I i 11 ba ju l~, ~ugb?n oblnrin
agbalagba, ko n~ s? w~pe
I v ,
"!w9'" ~dgb4n y{o pe "~." Y:lO kunle.
Ob3..nr in papa, t' 6 bel" f~ ki oko

,," Ii' ~..,l .,
! / V ~ \ r~, Y:lO s~ pe, "E kar<;> o,?kq

N:lpa eleyi, yio pe "~ kabQ 0,"
.
"E karo
~ \
0."
mi ," t~bi "E, k:b~ 0, .
oko
, mi."
~'.
,).,{ /" ~, "
,/ 1/ / ~Y je asa larin awon Yoruba.
Sugbon t'o ba ~epe ~gb~ r~ n~, • • I
I • / 'v, ,/ ~,
<5 le' pe ''Karo., " tabi ''Kabo " ..
..
Nigbati orno ------ ba fe ki . Nigbati --- kekere ba fe ki .
agbalagba, ko ni so, wipe agbalagba, -- wipe
.
" ---, " sugbon yio pe " . -. " "iwo , " sugbon. .
, yio pe "~."
Nipa , yio "~ kabQ 0," Nipa eleyi, yio pe ,~ _ - ,"

.
"E k~ro . 0." .
"E k~ro . 0."
Sugbon t'o ba -- __ egbe ret ni, Sugbon
t '
t'o ba sepe
,
---- re• ni,
• • ' f
o le - - ''Kar9,'' tabi ''Kab<?'' ole pe ''Kar9,'' tabi "----."
_________ yio doba1e fun eni

Ornokunrin yio ------ fun eni
, ,
t'o ba ju 10,
yio
obinrin
. t' 0
yio kunle.
ba ju l~, !3ug1>?n _
.,
Obinrin ----, t'o ba fe ki oko
tt -
. "" -'
Obinrin papa,
__ , yio
t'o ba fe ki
s~ pe, "~ __ --
I
0 ,~kq
_
r~, --- -- --, ~ kar<;> o,~kq

mi , " tabi "E" kabo 0, 9k ~ m1.
... mi , " tabi "E
, kabo
, 0,'oko
, mi."
Eyi je asa ----- ---- Yoruba.

• •
Eyi je
•
larin awon ------
I
.
201

1. . .,
Awon wo ninu iwonyi ni omo, kekere yio 10 ti 0 ba fe ki
agba1agba (~, ~yin) tabi (0, iW9)?
.
2. ,. .
Kinni itumo "e kabo 0" ni ede oyinbo?
-
Ti a ba koko
'T f
ri enia ni aro• bawo ni ao tise
,
ki?
4. lru ipo wo ni awon omokunrin rna wa ni aiye ije10 bi nwon
• •• •
ba nki eniti
•
0 ju won 10?
• T
5. .
Kinni obinrin yio se bi 0 ba nki eniti
,
-
0 ju 10?
,
6. Bawo ni obinrin ti~e 1e ki 9k9 r~ ti 0 (~k?) ba ~~~~
ti ode de?
202

Nigbati 9rn? kekere ba f~ ki When a younger person wants

agbalagba, kibi'lfiJe ~kunrin, to greet an elderly person,
whether a man or a woman,
kibase obinrin, "e" ni yio wi. "~" (the respect form for
• •
"you") is what he will say.
Yl.· 0 S? p e
"E,karo"
. . tabi "E" kabo." He will sat "Good mornin~,
sir" or 'welcome, sir. '
. ...
T'o ba sepe oko re ni, 0 Ie pe If he were to be her husband,
, karo. 0' .oko
"E , mi." she (the wife) will say ,
"Good morning my husband."
•
-
Awon agbalagba ma s9 wipe The elderly persons say that
.
orno
, kekere ko 9b9do. yaju
si agbalagba.
the youths should not
insult the elders.
. ..
Nitorina, nwon ni owo lati Therefore they should give
~wo
~y , fun awon
• ti 0 ba ju respect to those who are
nwon .
, lOr
older than they are.
Okunrin, 0 ndobale, obinrin, A man prostrates, and a

• ••
o si nkunle lati ki eni tlo woman kneels to salute
• • whoever is older than
ba J'U nwon 10. they are.
• •
Byi j~ a~a ti 0 W9P? larin This is a practice common

Yoruba. among the Yoruba people.
203

" " / 9m? kekere

Nigbati /"'" ba f~ k1(
( I' ~
N1tor1na, nwpn n1 9w9 lati
/ ('I.' /
"agbalagba,
........... ')~ ........
k1ba~e ~kunr1n,
,,\,,, // /,
b9wq fun awpn ti 0 ba ju
, I\. I y
kibase, oblnrin, "e" , ni Y10 W1. " 10.
nwon t •
"
9kunrin, 0 nd9bale, ob1nrin,
/ / , / \ ).
/ /"......" / ",
yio so, pe, nEtkaro" tabi "E kabo." /'" "
..
/
.
'\ /'"
. . , o 8i nkunle lati ki eni t'o
/ .' /
ba JU nwon 10.,
/'/ / ...... /' /
T'o ba ,v·sepe
, oko
• • re, ni, 0 le pe '\ 1/" 1/" ~
''Et karo, 0' .oko mi." Eyi jT a,a t1 0 w9PP larin
, , I
YorUba.
"AW9n agbalagba ma sq W1pe
/
.................... /
I. / ...... / ..... /\
~mp kekere ko gb9d? yaju
1"""" ....
81 agbalagba.
Nigbati --- ---___ ba fe, ki Nitorina, nwpn ni 9w9 lati

---------, kiba~e ~kunrin, fun awpn ti 0 ba ju
kibase
, obinrin, "e"
, ni yio wi. -_.
_______ , ndobale, -------.
0
"
Yio so pe, "-
•
" tabi "E kabo."
• • o 6i nkunle lati ki eni
,
'
t'o .
ba ju nwon 10.
, .
T'o ba ~epe --- -- --,ole pe
Eyi je• --- ti 0 ---- larin
''E, karo, 0' .oko
, mi." Yoruba.
AW9n ma sq _
~mp ---___
ko 9b9d? yaju
8i agbalagba.
204

Nigbati 9m~ kekere __ __ ki Nitorina, DWpn ni 9W9 1ati

agbalagba, kiba,e 9kunrin, b<?wq fun awpn ti 0 ba --
kibase obinrin, "e" __
• • -- . ---- 10.t
Okunrin, 0 ndobale, obinrin,

Y!o s~ pe, "JP karc;>" tabi "- ----... t "
o 8i nkunle lati ki eni teo
• •
ba ju nwon 10.. .
T'o ba ~epe ~k~ r~ ni, 0 - _
.
''E karo
.0' --- -- •"
------- .
Awc;>n agbalagba ma SQ wipe
~mp kekere ko _
agbalagba.
1. Tani awon
•
omode
,t
Ie 10 "0" tabi "iwo"
,
fun?
2. Kinni itumo, "e .
. karo" ni ede oyinbo?
.
Kinni okan n!nu awon
agbalagba?
, ohun ti ko ye" ki omo, kekere 8e 8i .
4. , obinrin nkunle• fun ti qkunrin 8i
Iru enia wo ni awon
ndobale
, , fun?
5. Kinn! obinrin yio wi ti 0 ba fe k! oko
, re, ni aro?
•, . """-
205

Ona lati ki enia larin Yoruba The methods of greetings

• among the Yoruba people
pin si ori~i meji.
divide into two kinds.
Okunrin,
, 0 nd9bale,
, obinrint A man prostrates and a
o si nkunle. woman kneels.
,
Iba~e Qkunrin tabi obinrin, Whether men or women, when-

nigbakigba ti nwon, ba fe . ever they want to greet
their elders they will
ki enit'o
, ...
ju nwon 10, nwon
yio 10T pe, "E• karo• 0," tabi
~~y~ "Good mor~in~, sir"
~~ Welcome, S1r.
.
"E kabo 0.".
T'o ba ~epe ir~ nW9n ni, nwqn If he were to be their
yio s?pe, ''Kar9'' tabi ''Kab9'" contemporary, they will
say, "Good morning~" or
'Welcome:"
Awon .. .
, omo kekere ni koko, ki The youths greet the elders
first.
agbalagba.
AW9n agbalagba a si rna fi ola The elders usually give kind

• regards to the youths that
nwon
. '.
fun awon omo ti nwon ba nki
, daradara.
, greet them well.
Ikini, 0 jet ohun ti 0 wopo Greeting is a common thing

• • among the Yoruba people.
larin Yoruba.
206

,,/ /, ''- ~ " I

Ona 1ati ki enia 1arin Yoruba
I
I / / Y / ,)
p1n S1 or1~1 rneJ1.
, , 11'- 1\ ).
9kunr1n, 0 nd9ba1e, ob1nrin, " / / /1 (
/ \ I I \ • Aw~n ornq kekere ni k~k9 k~
o S1 nkun1e., agba1agba.
\{:;
Iba~e
"
9kunrin " ' ob1nrin,
tabi ...
AW9n "'\.
\
agba1agba\ \
a S1 "
rna fi ola
n{gb~{gb'a t{ nw6n b' f~ •
/ , I,' / ' •
k1/ ~n1t'0/ JU nwon 10, nwon,.",. . fun awon orno
"
nW9n daradara.
/
.
., t{ nwon ba niti .
yio 419 pe, liE.karo
,
0," tabi
.
"E ka~ 0." . '-/ / /
Ikini, 0 je ohun t1 0 w9pq
(/ /,
lirin YO;Uba.
Ona 1ati -- enia 1arin Yoruba

•
Awo,n ----- ni koko, ki .
pin si _____ ----I agba1agba.
9kunrin, 0 ------- , obinrin, AW9n agba1agba a si rna fi ola I
o si • fun awon --- nwon

, ba nki
•
nwon -------- .
•
Iba~e 9kunrin tabi obinrin,
____ ------ ti nwon ba fe, . Ikini, 0 je ohun ti 0 . _
k 1' en1t
" 0 _- ---- --, nwon larin Yoruba.
• •
yio 19 pe, liE, karo 0," tabi .
.
liE kabo" 0 "
T'o ba ~epe nwC?n ni, nwqn

yio sc;>pe, " n tabi" '"
207

--- lati ki enia Yoruba T'o ba ir9 nW9n -_, nwqn

___ si oriEli meji. ________ , ''Kar9'' tabi ''Kabc?'"
-------, 0 nd9ba1e, -------,

o -- nkunle.
,
t
..
---- omo kekere ni - ki
agbalagba.
,
----- 9 kun rin ---- obinrin ,
AW9n -__ a ai -- fi
nigbakigba ti nw~n -- f~
yio -- --, "E,

. . .
ki ------ ju nwon 10 nwon
'
0 , " tabi
fun awon omo ti nwon ba
nwc;»n daradara.
• • t ,
"E• ---- 0
•"
_____ , ---- ti
0 j~ 0 w9pq
_____ Yoruba.
1. orisi
, . .
ona me10 ni ati ki'ni larin awon Yoruba pin si?
2. qkunrin yio , obinrin yio si bi nwon
, ba fe, lati
ki eniti 0 ju nwon 10.
I'
3.
t
Tani a Ie 10 .
'~aro" , fun?
tabi ''kabo''
4. Kinni iki'ni je• larin awon
t
Yoruba?
5. Tumo ede oyinbo yi 8i Yorubar "Good morning sir," "Welcome~"
•
208

MODERN GREETING CUSTOMS - TEXT 1
Ni asiko yi, awqn t'o j~pe Nowadays, those that are

nw?n k9 ~k9, ikini nW9n, 0 educated - their forms of
greetings are somewhat
yatof si awon
•
baba nla wa. different from our grand-
fathers' .
Ti asiko aW9n baba nla wa, As in the time of our grand-

?kunrin yio dpbal r, fathers, men would pros-
trate, and women would
obinrin yio si kunl y • kneel.
pugbpn ni igbayi, nW9n nfi But nowadays, they put their

9wP s~hin ki aW9n ti 0 ju hands behind them in
greeting those that are
nwon 10 ni.
I •
older than they are.
Xi i~epe obinrin yio kunl~ ki 0 It is not that a woman has

to di.'gba t' a pe "Ah, eleyi rna to kneel before we can
say, "This person is one
.
je eniti
, 0 lobowo ..
, fun enia 0," that has respect for
people," or for a boy ~o
tabi omokunrin ~o dobale.
• f " prostrate.
lwonyen,
, . 0
..
ti koja 10 patapata. Those things (practices)
have gone completely.
Ni asiko yi ifowo sehin kini Now [at this time] placing

, c '
l' 0 wa. hands behind oneself is
the practice.
209

(" \' v' ,/ ., ~ ~ v"

N1 as~ko y~) awqn t 0 J~pe \
X1 i~epe
I' \
ob1nr1n Y10 kun1~ k1 0
0 ( (I'
/ /") (, / v ~
to di'gba t' a pe "All, e1eyi rna
I" ,/ I'V_
nW9n k9 ~k9, 1k~n1 nW9n, 0
" /' ,~//
Yato, 81 awon baba nla wa. . ..
JOe eniti 0 10bowo fun en1a 0 , '
, / "
I' I' / \ \
I'
I'
.....
.. .
""
/,
,
tabi ornokunrin ~o doba1e.

• • ••
I' .. , " " " ~ , I
Ti asiko awon baba n1a wa,
• ..... I' ,
oktinrin y{o dpba1~,
I
) I' .....
obinrin y{o 81 kun1~.
... , ... ~ \. / /' ,
, I 1\'Y 1'1' N1I as~ko yi ifowo sehin k1ni
pugbpn nW9n nfi
n~ ~gbaY1) • • •
, / '} (\ / I' ,\ l' 0I' wa.
"
9wP s~h1n k1 aW9n t1 0 JU

nW6n 10 ni.
• •
Ni ----- yi) awqn tlo j~pe Ni asiko yi, awqn t'o j~pe
.
nwon -- ---, ikini nW9n, 0 nW9n k9 ~k9, ----- nW9n, 0
yato, si awon baba nla wa. • ---- si awon baba nla wa. •
Ti asiko aW9n ---- --- wa, Ti ----- aW9n baba n1a wa,
_______ yio dpba1 ,
r okunrin yio --
•
,
_______ yio si kun1~. obinrin yio si ----_.
Sugbon ni igbayi, ---- pugbpn ni ------, nW9n nfi

• •
_____ --- ki aW9n ti 0 . --- ----- ki aW9n ti 0 ju
_____ - ni. nw?n 1? ni.
Xi i~epe
------- yio kun1~ ki 0 Ki isepe obinrin yio ki 0
to di'gba t I a pe "All, _____ rna to di'gba t I a pe "All, e1eyi rna
j~ ~niti 19bpw9 fun enia 0," 0 je eniti 0 - - - - - _ fun enia 0,"
• •
tabi _-------- ~o d9ba1 ,. tabi omokunrin
, . ~o •
______ -,0 ti k?ja 19 --------. lwonyen,

, . 0 ti --- patapata.
Ni -- ifowo sehin kini Ni asiko yi ----- kin!

• • •
1'0 wa. l' 0 wa.
210
1. Bawo ni awon
'I
okunrin se
t
nki enia ni aiye atijo?
,
2. .
Bi obinrin yio ba ki eniti 0
.
'" bawo ni yio tise?
jUlo ,
3. Bawo ni okunrin ati obinrin ti tiki enia ni igba yi?
•
4. Nj~ afa !kini ti aiye ode oni dara?
211

MODERN GREETING CUSTOMS - TEXT 2
Ni asiko yi, aW9n ti nW9n ni At this time, those that have

eko, ikini nwo.n 0 yatnT die education, their greeting
• • • is a bit different from
si ti awon baba nla wa. that of our grandfathers •
•
Awon baba nla wa nkunl~, nW9n Our grandparents kneel and

• they also prostrate when
si nd9bal~ nigbati nW9n ba
they want to greet people.
fe ki enia •
•
Sugbon ni igbayi, awon ti nwqn But nowadays those that are

• • • educated put their hands
K~kq, nwqn nfi 9W~ s~hin lati
behind themselves in order
kit ni ni. to greet.
""
Owo wa nibi eleyi na. Respect is also [shown] in
• • this too.
Xi ise pe 0 d'igbati obinrin ba It is not necessarily when
..
I
a woman kneels or a man
kunle tabi okunrin ba dobale
" prostrates that he or she
nikan 1'0 to ni owo ninu. has respect.
• •
Eleyi j~ ohun
l
ti 0 ti k9ja This is a thing (custom)
that has passed.
19 s~hin.
212

'- ( / I ,,' I t'-" ~

N1.I aS1.ko
\ " V
y1., awon, tl. nwon n1. .
OWo
, wa n1.bi eleyi na.
"
./
.
~ I . I
eko, 1.k1.n1. nwc;>n o yat9 di~
'-
S1./ t1.. "aW9n baba nla wa.
/ / /
,~ /"
"I b/
Ki 1.se pe/ 0 I \ "
d'1.gbat1./ '\ •
obl.nrl.n a
" won
A
""
baba nla wa nkunl~, nw<;>n
II 1/' /
"
k~nle
'- /
, tabl. okunrin
"
\'"
ba dobale
/,
,.
•
" ndooale
S1.
I I
.
'- I'
, n1.gbat1. nW9n ba
'- '."
( '- I I
\ / /
nl.kan 1'0 to nl. owo
I"
,
(I
nl.nu. .
f~ k1. en1.a.
(
• /
E1eyi j~ ohun
V / (
tl. 0
/
ti k9ja
/
/ '\
" I
Sugbon ni igbayi, aW9n t1. nwqn
I" I" ,/ / 19 s~h1.n.
• ,/\/ I /. / / \ /,
K~kq, nwqn nf1. ~~ s~hin lat1
k:L'ni ni.
Ni asiko yi, aW9n ti nW9n ni Ni asiko yi, aW9n ti nW9n ni

eko,
• • ----- 0 yat9 di~
si ti awon ---- --- wa.
. .
eko, ikini nwo.n 0 _
si ti awon baba n1a wa •
• •
Awon --- wa nkunl~, nw<;>n Awon baba n1a wa -----_, nw<;>n
•
.
si ndobale, nigbati nW9n ba •
si -- nigbati nW9n ba
fe -- ----
• . fe ki enia.
•
Sugbon
, .
ni igbayi, ---- -- ---- ~ugb?n ni igbayi, aW9n ti nwqn
- , nwqn nfi 9W~ s~hin lati K~kq, nwqn lati
ki' ni ni. ki' ni ni.
.....
.
owo
, wa nibi e1eyi na. --- wa nibi e1eyi na.
.....
Ki ise pe 0 d'igbati ------- ba

I Ki ise pe 0 d'igbati obinrin ba
kunle, tabi ba ~9ba1q •
----- tabi okunrin
, ba _
nikan 1'0 to ni owo
, , ninu. nikan 1'0 to ni owo
, , ninu.
E1eyi j~ ohun ti _ __ _ _
Eleyi je• ohun ti 0 ti
19 s~hin.
-- -----.
213

1. Pari gbo1ohun oro yi: .t Ikini aw~n ti o ka iwe si ti

• •
awon baba n1a wa • "
•
2. Bawo ni awon baba n1a ati iya n1a wa se nki enia?
• •
3. Bawo ni awon
, ti 0 k'Efko fie nki enia ni aiye ode oni?
•
4. ~a .
ikini wo ni ko wopo
, tobe
•
mo?
•
214

BEING TACTFUL - TEXT 1
Xi a t'o ni irePQ larin awon

, Before we have harmony among
• • the people with whom we are
enia ti a nba gbe, o ye, ki living, it is proper that we
a mo, asa nw?n • should understand their
• customs.
A~akinni ni arin Yoruba ni One custom among the Yorubas

is that when they give a
wipe, nigbati nw~n ba fun visitor l something, it is
alejo ni nkan, ko ye ki not proper for the visitor
• to reject it.
alejo k'o ko•
•
Nipa ~i~e bayi, nW9n ro wipe By [his] doing this, they think
that a visitor that refuses
alejo t'o ko nkan, 0 nse to accept something is being
• •
.
fari ni tabi ko feran awon.'
tabi 0 ro pe on ti ni to.
. ostentatious or that he does
not like them or that he
thinks that he has had enough
[of everything].
Nitorina, 0 y~ ki alejo k'o gba Therefore, it is proper that

--- a visitor accept whatever
ohun ti nwon ba fun. is given to him •
•
Ni ~na keji, alejo tabi onile In the second way, the visitor
or the host should not point
.,
ko gbod9 to'ka si eniti
, 0 his finger at whomever is
ba ju
Ip ti nwqn ba nS9r~ older than he when they are
saying that - ''You are the
wipe, "Iwq na ni roo nba wi". one I am talking to."
Xo gbodo .
, , se eleyi. He should not do this.
l/Alejo/ may mean 'visitor, foreigner, guest, alien,' or,

frequently heard in Nigeria, 'stranger.'
215

I' ~
X1 a t'o n~ 1repq lar1n awon
,,~, ... , / / "I'
,{
en1a ti a nba gbe, 0 ye, k
I '\
..
/ \ A). :i.
" """
Nitorina,
/
0 y~ k1 " " k'o" gba
(alejo
,,~
ohun t1 nwon
, ba fun.
, \
a mo asa nwon.
" f
I '" ., \. , '.I (/
N1 ~na ke]1, alejo tab1 on1le
'" / \. /, ( . I /
'"
A,a V ,I
k1nn1 n1(~. "".
ar1n Yoruba n1 ko gbOd9 to ka 81 ~n1t1 0
r " { " ( / "
w1pe, n1gbat1 nW9n ba fun" ba/' )u :
.~' Ip t1 nwqn
/
ba""" \.
n89r~
\. ,,
· n1~ nkan, ko ye ki \ ' .II' " ~ ,,// I
. W1pe, "Iwq na ni roo nba W1".

/
a 1 e)o
,ale)o.' / \'
k'o ko.
,
/
N1pa . / b"
~1~e
Y
ay1, "
nW9n ro" W1pe
1'''
~lej6 t'6 ko nkan, ~ ~se

At ( . "'I " / \ ~
far1 n1 tab1 ko f~ran aw~n,
'" ( " , ... ,- /"
tab1 0 ro pe on ti n1 to.
Xi a t'o ni _____ larin awon

, Nitorina, 0 --
ki ----- k' 0 gba
enia ti a nba gbe, o ye, ki , ba f~.
ohun ti nwon
a mo asa nw~n.
I
•
Ni ~na keji, alejo tabi onile
ko 9b?d9 __ _ -
Asa kinni ni arin Yoruba ni
•
wipe, nigbati nW9n ba fun -- -- nwqn ba n89r~
_____ ni nkan, __ -- -- wipe, "Iwq na ni roo nba wi".
,
----- k' 0 ko.
Xo gbodo
, , sle eleyi.
Nipa ~i~e bayi, nW9n ro wipe
alejo t'o kp nkan, 0 n,e
fari ni tabi ko f~ran aw~n,
tabi 0 ro pe -- -- -_.
216

..
Ki a t'o ni irepq larin awon
,
enia ti a nba gbe, 0 y~ __
Nitorina, 0 y~ ki alejo k'o gba
ohun ti nwon •
,
______ nw~n.
Ni 9na keji, alejo tabi onile

Asa
, kinni ni arin Yoruba ni ko gbod9
., to'ka si eniti 0 .
wipe, nigbati nW9n ba fun .
__ __ __ ti nwon ba nsoro
, .
alejo ni nkan, ko ye ki wipe, "Iwq na ni mo nba wi".
•
alejo •
Nipa ~i~e bayi, nW9n ro wipe

..
Ko gbodo se
, eleyi.
alejo t'o ko nkan, 0 nee

• •
ni tabi ----- aW9n,
tabi 0 ro pe on ti ni to.
1. Nitori kinni 0 fi ye ki a mo nipa asa awon eniti a nba gbe?

• • r"
2. S~ afa kan ti 0 m9 larin aW9n Yoruba.
3. Kinni aw~n Yoruba yio ro nipa eniti 0 ba k? lati gba ~bun
lowo
., won?.
4. .
Kinni asa awon
, Yoruba nipa itoka 8i enia? .
217

Ki a to Ie gbepo, dada, 0 ye, Before we can live together

well, it is proper that we
ki a mQ a~a aw~n ~niti a know the customs of those
nba gbe. we are living with.
Nigbati alejo ba 10 si ile When a foreigner goes to Yoruba

• • land, it is proper that he
Yoruba, 0 y~ k'o m9 wipe knows their customs; he has
asa nwon, on gbodo mo.
• • • I ,
to know it.
Ekinni, ti nw?n ba bun ni First, if they give him

nkan, 0 ye, k'o fi tayotayo
gba, ko y~ k' 0 k9'.
, . something, it is proper that
he receive it gladly; it is
not proper that he refuse it.
Ekeji, ti nw?n ba nS9r9, ko Secondly, if they are speaking

it is not proper that he
ye .
, k'o na ika seni tWo ba points his finger to his
ju 10 tab! k'o wo loju. elder or even looks
• straight at his face.
, .
Eketa, ti nwon ba fe, fun ni Thirdly, if they want to give
him something, it is proper
nkan, 0 y(} k'o gba taY9taY9. that he receive it gladly.
Ti ohun papa ba si f~ fun enia If he, himself, wants to give
"""
osi fun.
.
ni nkan, ko ye k' 0 fi owq
,
a person something, it is not
right to use the left hand
in giving it to him.
...
OWo otun 1'0 ye, k'o fi fun
enit'o fe' fun.
The right hand is the proper
one to use in giving (things)
, to whom he wants to give.
, , osi fun, nwon

T'o ba fi owo
yio k~ si al"ebu.
. If he gives him
with the left
(something)
hand, they
will count it as an insult
(a blemish in his character).
218

, /, ,' ........ ,/
, I / , / ~ (
Xi a to 1e gbep? dada, 0 y~ Eketa, tJ. nwon
, ' • ba fe ,> fun n1
k1/ a mQ 'a~a
" aw~n ~n1t1
,~,
a '"
nkan, 0 Y~ k 0 goa' taYQtaY9.
, ' ' ' ' " ,
/ / /
nba gbe.
( , I' ,'.I' I • "

/
T1 ohun papa ba si
-,., / " f~
/ /
fun enia
\ \.\
N1gbat1 a1e)0 ba 19 81 11~
, ,
'.I' /
,-
,.I"
Yoruba, 0 Yf( k 0 ~ W1pe
/, '...t
~/ n1t , nkan,
"osi fun.
/-
"""
" ye k I
ko . "',
0 £1. owq
,
.
..
asa nwon, on gbOdo mo.
'"
\ I I
Ek1nn1, t1 nW9n ba bun n1
/ / / tv ( . .
Owo,/ "
enit'o
/ / ,
fe' fun.
.
, 1 , 0' ye k ,/0 f1.' f'/
otun un
nkan, 0/ y, k ,.I'. " "
0 f1 tayotayo ,
\t" ,/ \.{, , •
gba, ko ye k' 0 ko.
• • / / '" ,," !=
T'o ba fi qwo osi fun, nwon
" .\ / ':Jb I':'~"'" ,
Eke)1, t1I nw~n
,/
ba/ nS9rq,
/ ,,' "
ko Y1.0 ka S1 a1ebu.
/ \ ,/ / ,/.
ye k'o na 1ka sen1 teo ba
~ 'I / ');,J '/, /
ju 10 tab1 k'o wo 10Ju•
•
Xi a to 1e gbepo,
ki a mQ a~a _
, 0 ye,
a .
Eketa,
'
ti nwon ba -- --- --
----, 0 Y~ k'o goa taYQtaY9.
nba gbe.
Nigbati a1ejo ba 10 si Ti ohun papa ba 8i --- --- enia

I
ni nkan, k' 0 fi f:!Wq
------, k'o m9 wipe
0 Yf( •
"""
osi fun.
,. mO.
--- ----, on gbodo ,
Ekinni, ti nwon Owo

• • otun --- -- k'o fi fun
, ba bun ni •
nkan, 0 k'o fi y, _ enit'o
~
f~ fun.
gba, ko ye
, k' 0 - _ •
T'o ba £1 --_ fun, nwon
Ekeji, ti nwon ba nsoro, -- ,
Y10 ka ,-
"'" 81 alebu. '
• • •
-- k'o na s~ni teo ba
ju 19 tabi k'o loju. wo
219

Ki a to 1e
ki a m9 ---
dada,
aw~n ~niti
0 y~
a
, .
Eketa, ti nwon ba fe fun ni
nkan, 0 y~ k'o --- -
. •
nba gbe.
Ti ohun papa ba si f~ fun enia

Nigbati ----- -- -- si i1e•
ni nkan, ko -- k' 0 fi _
Yoruba, 0 y~ k'o m9 wipe '"
"", --- fun.
mo.
--- ---_1'0 ye, k'o fi fun

Ekinni, ti nw?n ba --- --
---- ,0 .
ye k'o fi tayotayo
gba, ko -- k' 0 k9'.
,. enit'o
, fe' fun.
Ekeji, ti nwon Y10 ~

•
.. ,
T'o ba fi cwo osi flln, nwon
. ka -
, ba ----_, ko
.
ye k'o -- --- seni teo ba .
ju 10 tabi k'o -- ---- •
•
1. Kinni 0 ye ki alejo ki
, 0
.
mo nigbati 0 ba
" si ile Yoruba?
10
2. Bi nwon ba bun alejo ni nkan kinni

•
0 ye ki 0 se?
• I
3. Ti omode ati agbalagba ba nsoro kinni ko ye ki omode ki

, • • I I I,
0 se?
,
4. OWo wo ni awon Yoruba ro wipe

• , T
0 ye• lati fi fun enia ni nkan?
-v
Eniti 0 ba fi awo aito fun enia ni nkan kinni awon Yoruba ka ai?
f " I ,
220

Xi a to Ie gbe dada Iarin aW9n Before we can live well among

enia kan, 0 ye ka mo asa nwnn. a nation it is proper that
I T I ' we know their likes and
dislikes.
~nik~ni tWo ba l~ si il y Yoruba, Whoever goes to Yoruba land

o y~ k' 0 Ill<? wipe ti nwpn ba should know that if they
present him with something
bun on ni nkan, 0 Yff x'o gba. it is proper that he accept
it.
Ti 0 . "" aw~n yio

ba ,e a1a1gba, If he rejects it, they will
ro wipe 0 n,e fari si awon think that he is being
ostentatious before them
ni tabi 0 ro pe on ni to. or that he thinks that he
has enough of everything.
Ekeji, ti 0 ba nba nW9n s9r q, Secondly if he is talking to

ko ye k' 0 ma wo nwon loju them, it is not proper that
• • he should look straight at
korokoro tabi k'o na'wo, si their faces or that he point
nwon • his finger at them.
•
Asa .
, yi je nkan ti'6 dar~. This is a bad practice.
, .
Eketa,
nwon ni okano
..
k'o ma f'awo osi fun Thirdly, he should not use his
left hand to give out some-
• thing•
221

/ \ / - t=' I\. \.. \. .\ I / / / I " \

K{ a to Ie gbe dada larin aW9n EkeJ1, t1 0 ba Dba nw~n s~rq,
, l'a kan, 0/ ye ka/ mo asa
en " "- nwo.n. \ / __ , / II
ko ye k'o ma wo nwon loju
• •• '\ II, I 'I /' / /
korokoro tab1 k'o na'wo si
•
nwon•
/ / /
,nik,ni tWo ba I? si il~ Yoruba,
/, " •
o
/
y,/ \ ~/ ( /
k' 0 :m9 W1pe t1 nwpn ba
I
/ ,- I
bun on n1 nkan, 0
/ I
k'o gba.
~
Y,
I 1/ I ~, {
'\
Eketa,
, .k'o
(
/
rna f'owo osi fun
nwon n1 nkan.
I
.. I" /
T1 0 ba ,e alaigba, aw~n y 0 •
\ 1/ 1 / ~I 1'-
ro W1pe 0 nge far1 S1 awqn
'1... I I '\ / \.- { I
ni tab1 0 ~o pe on n to.
Xi a to Ie gbe ---- ----- aW9n Ekeji, ti 0 ba ,

enia kan, 0 ye ka mo - - - nwon. ko ye k' 0 ma wo nwon Ioju
• • • I •
korokoro tabi k' 0 na'wo, 8i

nwon •
Enikeni tWo ba 10 si , •
••
o y, •
k' 0 InC? wipe ti ~n ba ___ y1· J'e• nkan ti'~ dar~.
bun on ni rikan, 0 y, _-- •
.
Eketa,
, .k' 0 ma f'
nwon ni nkan.
--- fun
Ti ba ,e ala1gba, awon yio

0
~
. •
ro wipe 0 --- ... .... ... -- -- _---
ni tabi 0 ~o pe on ni to.
222

Ekeji, ti 0 ba nba nwon anro

.
• T, ,
enia xan, 0 ye __
• -- .... _- ~---
xo y~ k' 0 rna wo nwpn _
-------.-tabi k' 0 -- ai
nwon•
•
Enikeni
, .
teo ba 10• __ ileT Yoruba ,
o y~ x' 0 -- '~ipe
ti nwon
, ba Asa
• yi JO ~ Ok an to"
1. 0 ____ •
_______ _ -w-» 0 y~ k'o gba.
Eketa,
, , k'o rna f'owo
, • --- f un
nwon - - nkan.
Ti 0 ba ~e -------, aW9n yio •
ro wipe 0 n~e fari si awqn
ni tabi 0 ~o pe -- to.
1. Pari gbolohun yi: "K! a to Ie gbe dada larin awon enia xan
•
o Yf!! xi a m9 •"
2. .
So, okan ninu ohun ti o ye, xi enikeni ti
Yoruba mo.
,
• •
0 ba 10, ai il~
3. Iru enia wo ni awon Yoruba Ie so wipe o nse fari si aW9n

• • •
wipe on ni to?
4. Kinni asa awon Yoruba nipa wiwo enia loju?
• •
5. ABa kan ni wipe ki enia xi mase
, fi owo
, fun enia ni nkan.
•
0
• --
223

INSTRUCTIONS TO A CHILD - TEXT I
Iyanda Agbo, wa jT nS9 ?r9 Iyanda Agbo, come let me tell

you important words which
pataki fun 9 ti 0 mu q di will make you a wise person
.. .
ologbon enia laiye. in the world.
Nigbati 0 ba nl9 si arin awqn Whenever you go in the company

of people, do not insult
enia, ma ~e ri nw9n fin. them.
Ti nW9n ba bun 9 ni nkan, fi If they give you something,

accept it gladly.
tayotayo gba.
I •
. .
T'o ba gba, nwon yio ro pe If you do not accept it they
.
o nse fari si awon ni tabi
pe 0 ni to.
. will think that you are
,Showing off to them or that
you have everything.
Lehinna, ti awon agbalagba ba Then if the elders are speaking

• •
...
nba 0, soro, ma se wo oju nwnn
.,.
to you, do not look straight
at their faces.
korokoro.
Ma ~e na ika si nwqn, arifin Do not point your finger at

them: for that is an insult
l'a npe eleyi. ('insult is what we call
this' ).
Lehinna
, ti 0 ba tun fe
. fun,
nwon Then if you also want to give
them something (say - water),
ni nkan (pe omi ni), ma ,e fi do not use your left hand
.
owo, osi fun nwon. . to give it to them.
Ti 0 ba fi qwo osi fun nwon ni If you use your left hand to

• • give them this thing, that
kinni yi, arifin ni. is an insult.
224

,,'\ .I" '\ / / \ \ /') C- ~, '\

Iyanda Agbo t wa je nsc;> 9r <;> L~hl.nna, t1 awon agbalagba ba
( • , / .... "
\ t~'1. fun
pa
/
9 t1./ / 0 / rnu q di
/
nba
/
~
/ ./
8qr9, rna ~e WO oJu nwqn
" /
.. .
ologbon/ "en1.a
\"
laiye.
'\
korokoro. /
/, // // (~o"
Nigbati 0 ba n19 81. arl.n awqn Ma/ 1.Ok a "
na "
~e 81.~ nwqn, ,ar1of 1.n
I
,,\'\ (/ / ,'\
/ / V
enl.a t rna ,e r1 nwqn f1n. 1 a npe eley1..
I / / / ~
Tl. nwqn ba bue c;> n1 nkan t £i
"
tayotayo
'\
t
t
gba. - ,
/
Lehinna
<
'\. A /
ti o ba tun fe fun nwon
• •
n1. nkan (~ omi ni), rna/ se £i
/ / / /
/ '\. \. •
/' / \I
T'o ba gba, nwon Y10 ro pe
I\./
owo osi fun nwon •
o·
• • t
/ ~\ /\.,/ ,,/
nse fari si awon ni tabi / / .I" / /
,/. (.I •
pe 0 n1 to. Ti 0ba fi 9Wo osi fun nwon nl.
o ( y1.,
'( • f/ i
'o •
k 1.nn1. ar1. 1.n n •
Iyanda Agbo, wa j~ nsc;> Lehinna,

, ti awon --------- ba .
------ fun 9 ti 0 rnu q di nba ~ , rna ~e wo oju nwqn
~l?gb9n enia 1aiye. korokoro.
Nigbati 0 ba n10 si ---- ---- Ma ~e

na --- -- ----, arifin
•
----, ma ,e ri nwqn fin. lea npe e1eyi.
Ti nwqn ba bun 9 ni nkan t £i

--- gba. Lehinna
, ti 0 ba tun fe fun nwon
ni nkan (pe omi ni), rna fi
..
,e
______ fun nwon.
.
T'o ba gba, nwon yio ro pe . t
-. --- ---- si awon

•
ni tabi
pe 0 ni to. Ti 0 ba fi 9Wo osi fun nwon ni
• •
kinni yi J - - - - - - ni.
225

Iyanda Agbo, wa je nS9 oro

I , • L~hinna, ti awqn agba1agba ba
pataki fun 9 -- - -- nba p sq r 9, _
------- enia 1aiye. ________ e
Nigbati o ba nloI si arin awqn Ma ~e na ika si nwqn, _

enia, ma fiJe -- ---- ----. l' a npe e1eyi.
Ti nW9n ba £i
.
< ,
Lehinna ti 0 ba tun fe _ _
tayotayo gba.
• • ,
------- (pe omi ni), rna se fi
________ , nW9n yio ro pe
•
owo
• I
osi fun nwon.
•
o nse fari si awon ni tabi

• •
pe 0 ni to. Ti 0 ba fi 9Wo osi fun nwon ni
I •
_______ , arifin ni.
1. Iru ~rp wo ni nW9n1ati so fun Iyanda Agbo?

f~
•
2. Kinni ko ye ki Iyanda se nigbati o ba wa ni awujo?
• • •
3. Bawo ni 0 ti ye ki 0 gba ohun ti nwon ba bun?
• •
4. Kinni ero awon enia ti Iyanda ko ba gba ebun ti nwon fun? -
5.
•
Kinni ko ye ki o se
• I
•
ti agba1agba ba nba soro?
• ,
•
-
6. Nitori kinni ko ye, ki 0 £i fun enia ni nkan pe1u owo osi?
• • •
226

INSTRUCTIONS TO A CHILD - TEXT 2
Iyanda Agbo, ~m? mi, wa ki ns~ Iyanda Agoo, my son, come

.
fun 0 ni oro ogbon.
"'.
let me talk to you in words
of wisdom.
Ti ba 19 si arin awpn agbalagba,

0 If you go in the company of
the elders, if they are
ti nw~n ba nba q sqrC?, ma "e va talking to you, do not look
oju nwqn. them straight in the face.
Lehinna,
, ma se
, na ika 8i nwon. . Then do not point your finger
at them.
Arifin ni 'wonyi.
, These are insults.
Ti DW9n ba bun ~ ni nkan, £1 If they give you something

receive it gladly and then
tay~tay? gbi., k' 0 si du~ thank them.
lnwo
i""'. , nwon.
,
T'o ba ka, nwon yio ro pe 0

, I •
If you reject it, they will
think that you are osten-
n~e fari ni, ati wipe 0 ro tatious, and that you feel
pe 0 ni to. that you have enough.
Ti nw?n ba ni k'o lq ba w9n If they tell you to bring

water for them or that you
, ra
bu omi wa, tabi k' 0 10 go and buy something (for
nkan wa, teo ba de, 9W? them), when you come, give
?tun ni k' 0 fi fun nwqn, m. them (the thing) with your
..
right hand, do not use your
f! owo osi fun nwon.
, left hand to give it to
them.
227

"
Iyanda
,.
/"Agbo, omo mi, va/ k1( nso
~ " \.
.. . Ti nwon ba btin 0 n{ nkan, fi
~
/
fun 0 n1 oro ogcon.
. "',
\. " t
tay?tay? gba, k'o S1. dupe;!
/ ,.
t. nwon.
1owo ,
/_ • '" /
~
T~ 0 baI' 19 81I'~ \.
arin awpn " '\.
agba1agba, ~ / ~ / \. /
T'? ba k9, nW9n Y1.0 ro pe 0
t1./ nwpn /
ba/ /nba
1 " '"
f:! sqrC?, ma fie wo
. ,.
oJu nwqn.
I ~/ , //
n~e fari ni, ati wipe 0 ro
"
"" ,/,/
pe 0 ni to.
I'"
L~hinna, ma ~e na 1ka 8
/ \ { nw~n. r / ,/ ~ /- /
T1. nw?n ba n1 k'o 1q ba w9n
• / "{ 1-
bu om1. wa, tab1. k' 0 10 ra
\. ~ ,\/ / 1-./ / 'I'
Arif1n ni 'w?nyi. nkan wa, teo ba de, owo
, / /- /
,/"
9tun ni k'o fi fun nwqn, ma

..
./ , , ) . /
fi owo 081. fun nwon. ,
------ -:-- , omo

• •
mi, va ki n80• ---- --- -- --
fun 0 ni -----. nse fari ni, ati wipe 0 ro
• pe •
Ti ba 19 8i
0 awpn ----- .,
ti nwpn ba nba f:! sqrC?, ma fie vo Ti nwon
, ba ni
___ _ e
-- --- --, tabi k'o 10
, ra
nkan wa, teo ba de, _
Lehinna,
, ma se
, na 8i • ---- ni k' 0 fi fun nwqn, rna
fi --- --- fun nwon.
,
------ ni 'w?nyi.
Ti nwon
, ba --- 0, ni rikan, f1
________ ---J k'o 8i -- __
____ nwon.
,
228

Iyanda Agbo, -- , va 'ki nS9 T'? ba k9, nW9n yio ro pe 0

fun 0 ni oro ogbon.
• " I I n~e fari ni, ati wipe 0 ro
pe •
Ti 0 ba 10 si arin awon agba1agba,

I ,
---- -- --- - ----, ma .e wo Ti nwon ba ni k' 0 1q ba w9n

•
bu omi wa, tabi k'o 1? ra
oju nwqn.
nkan wa, t' 0 ba de, 9W?
.
Lehinna, ma se
, na --- 8i nwo,n.
____ __ __ _
fi owo osi fun nwon.
I •
, ma
Arifin ni 'wonyi.
,
Ti nwon ba bun ° ni nkan, fi

• •
tayotayo gba,
• •
'.
1owo nwon.
,
1.
.
Tumo Yoruba yi 8i ede Oyinbo: ''Ti 0 ba 10
agbalagba, ti nwon
"
si arin awon
. ba nba 0Isoro
. ,mase
. wo oju nwon".
,
2. Kinni asa awon Yoruba nipa ika nina 8i enia?
• •
3. Pari gbo10hun oro yi: 'I Ti nwon
• •
ba bun 0 ni nkan £i tayotayo
, I
gbaki 0 81 ..
3.
."
owo wo ni ° ye .
ki Iyanda £i fun awon agbalagba ni nkan?
229

INSTRUC'l'IONS TO A CHILD - TEXT 3
Iyanda Agbo. orno

, rni, wa ki
nfun 0 ni oro ologbon kane
. Iyanda Agbo, my son, come and
let me give you a word of
t • • • • • wisdom.
Ti 0 ba 10, sarin awon

, agbalagba, If you go in the company of
rna te'ti sile, k'o gbo, ohun ti the elders always pay
, attention to what they are
nwon nwi • saying.
•
Ma ~e ri nw~n fin. Do not insult them.
.
Ti nwon ba ni k'o 10 rnu nkan wa,
fi owo, 9 tun fun nwqn, ma se
. If they ask you to go and
bring something, give it
• • (the thing) to them with
fi owo
, , osi fun nwon.
, the right hand, do not give
it with the left hand.
, ba bun 0. ni nkan,
Ti nwon
lowo nwon, rna se ka.
du~ . If they give you something,
thank them, do not reject
••• •• it.
T'o ba ko kinni nwonyi, arifin

• I
If you reject this thing, it
is an insult.
ni.
Nwon yio ro pe 0 ni to ni. They will think that you have

enough of everything.
Lehinna,
, t'o ba njuwe fun nwqn Then, if you are giving them
a direction or you are
tabi 0 nba nwc;>n s9r9. rna "e talking to them, do not
wo oju nwon korokoro, rna si look straight at their
•
.
se na ika si nwon.
,
faces, do not point your
finger at them.
Ti 0 ba se iwonyi, arifin ni If you do these things, it

• • is an insult to them (at/in
lodo nwon. their place).
•• •
230

' \ ",AgbO,
Iyanda \ ?rn~ m1.,' ' 'wak '1.' /- /
T '-o ba ko k1.'nn1.' nW9ny1.,
, / ar1.
, 'f'
1.n
" 0 n1.( oro
nfun '- " o1ogbon/'
kan.
a • • , • ni.
,.. ! , " (/
T{ 0 b~ 10 sarin awon
\ '" "
'agbalagba, Nw9n Y1.0 ro pe 0 n1. to ni.
•
rna t~'ti sil~, k'o goo ohun ti"
"-'"
•
nwon nwi. ", ,,- /
• Lehinna,
,
/\.
" " fun nwon
t'5 ba njuwe
/
, /b" , , •
/ ( I t~! 0 n a nwon , s9 r 9, rna" E1e
Ma ~e r1. nw~n f1.n. , "
wo OJU , / \ " /
nw?n korokoro, rna 81.\
se na lka 9l. nwon.
,
/- ,
Ti .
/
nwon bci n1I k'o 1<;> mu" nkan wa,
/
•
/
fi owo " " fun nwqn, rna" se
<;>tun
• /, ,
fi owo
, , OS1
\ \ /
fun nwon • . / o b"
Tl a ~e \ " " arlo'fl
'1.wqny1, 10 ni
lo/do' nwon.
" .
T1.I nwon"
ba"bun
" (
0 n1. nkan,
//
du~
/ '" / '''\!. •
lowo nwon, rna se ko,.
". .
Iyanda ----, omo, mi, _

______ ni oro o10gbon kan.
. T'o ba
ni.
k~ kinni nW9nyi, _
a • • • •
Ti 0 ba 10 sarin awon.
, agbalagba,
Nwon --- ro __ 0 ni to ni.
-- -- -- -
nwon nwi.
\
k'o gbo ohun ti
.
• L~hinna, --- , njuwe fun nwqn
____ 0 nba nwon soro __
__ ri nwon , "
, fin. -- --- ---- korokoro, rna 8i
_____ ika 9i nwon.
t
Ti nwc;>n ba ni k'o 1<;> mu nkan wa,
fun nwqn, rna !Ie
--_ fun nwon • . Ti 0 ba
---- ----.
~e , arifin ni
Ti nwpn ba ... , dU~
lowo nwon, rna se __ •

". . 231

Iyanda Agbo, mi, wa ki

.
nfun 0 ni
.
ologbon
. .
. --.
.
--_ ba ko ----- nwonyi
. ' arifin
'1'i 0 ba 10 ----- awon -------__ , ---- yio -- pe 0 ni __ ni.

• •
ma t~'ti .il~ k'o g~ ohun ti
nwon nwi •
• t' 5 ba -____ fun nwon
-------, ,
nwon ---. tabi 0 nwc;>n ----, ma ~e
,
wo nw~n , rna si
~e na ika •
.
Ti nwon ni --- .
10 mu nkan -- ,
•
osi
.
fi owo, otun fun nwqn,
________ •
se
•
£i owo
, r Ti 0 -- -- iWC?nyi, ni
10do
. , nwon..
-- nwon ba bun 0 ni nkan,
r
lowo
, . •
J ma __ ka.
.
1. Pari gbolohun yi:

I(
..
Iyanda Agbo, omo mi, wa ki nfun 0, ni "
2. .,
Kinni 0 ye ki 0 se ti 0 ba 10 sarin awon agba1agba? , .
3. Tum? ede yi 8i oyinbo: "Ma,e ri nW9n fin'.
4. • , jise ti nwon
Bawo ni 0 ye ki 0 tise , ba ni ki 0 10, mu nkan wa?
,'
5. Lehin igbati enia ba gba ebun, kinni 0 yeI ki 0 ~e?
• •
6. Ni igbawo ni ko ye ki omode wo oju agba1agba korokoro?
• ••
7. Kinni awon
r agbalagba Ie kasi arifin 1ati odo
, , aW9n omode?
, ,
232

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT - TEXT 1
.
Nigbati orno, Peace Corps ti 0 ba When a PCV seeks the way to
improve a community, es-
fe wa ona lati tun agbegbe kan
• • pecially to dig a well,
se, papa julo lati gbe kanga, the first thing which he
• • •
ohun kinni ti yio koko se nipe, will do is to go to the
• I ,
chief or the pastor.
.
yio 10 sodo bale tabi oniwasu.
" .
AW9n nw?nyi ni yio k?K<;> ba s9rq, These (people) are those with
.
lati so wipe 'Ohun ti mo fe ni
yi fun idagba soke ilu nyin.'
. whom he will first discuss
the issue, to say that 'This
[the digging of a well] is
what I want for the improve-
ment of your town.'
Lehin na yio so awon alebu t'o

• • I Then he will point out the
,
wa ninu orni ti ko dara, awon disadvantages of [using]
bad water ('the defects
aisan ti omi nw?nyi ma fa, which are in water which
ati wipe opolopo 9mo kekere is not good'), the illnesses
• • , I •
which such water regularly
ati agbalagba ni nku l'f>j9 causes, and that many children
aipe, n'tori omi ti ko dara. and adults die untimely [deaths]
because of [using) bad water.
" .... .. ~ '" , , '- ~ ~ .

Lehin na Y10 so awon alebu tWo
,"'''
Nigbati 9mq Peace Corps ti 0 ba • • I
f~ wa ana lati tun agbegbe kan wa, n1nu

.-: ~ om1. t1 ;; k'0 dara,
/ "
,
awon
• •
","".' "
gbe, kanga,
"-
.
se, papa ]ulo lati
.
aisan ti omi nW9nyl ma fa,
~..; ( ,,',
ohun kinni ti Y10 koko se nipe,
/
yio 10• sodo
/ " - , ,.,' " .., ....
bale• tabi oniwasu.
" " wipe
ati
..
........"opolopo 9mo kekere
"
~ti agbalagba ni nku l'oj~
.
I.
•, •
,
'~"
a1pe, n" 'tori
, " omi ti / ko
, ,dara.
"
AW9n nw?nyi ""
ni yio " ba' s9rq,
k?k<;- " ..
.., / " " " "

.
lati so wipe 'Ohun tl mo fe ni
" ,
.
yi fun idagba soke ilu nyin.'
233

Nigbati orno , , Peace Corps ti 0 ba Nigbati orno , , Peace Corps ti 0 ba

fe wa ona 1ati tun agbegbe kan fe wa ona
• . . . . •,.., . 1 • ....... •,.., .
~e, papa )u 9 ---- --- -----, __ , papa )U19 lati gb~ kanga,
ohun kinni ti yio , ohun kinni ti yio koko, se
yio 10 ., nipe,•
, " .
yio 10 sodo bale tabi oniwasu.
•
AW9n nw?nyi ni yio k?k9 ba s?rq,

1ati s9 wipe ' __ --
AW9n nw?nyi ni yio koko
, .
---- ,
lati 89 wipe 'ahun ti mo f~ ni
__ fun idagba soke i1u nyin.' yi fun ilu nyin.'
Lrhin na yio s9 t'o Lehin na yio soIawon

• , alebu t'o
,
wa ninu orni ti ko dara, awon wa ---- --- -- -- ----, aW9n
--- ------ -- -- , aisan ti omi nW9nyi rna fa,
.. .
ati wipe opo10po
, 9rno. kekere ati wipe opolopo _
ati agba1agba ni nku l'ojo,
aipe, n'tori
.
•
ati
I • , •
ni nku 1'0)'0
aipe, n'tori omi ti ko dara.
.,
1. . . .. .
Bi omo'se Peace Corps ba fe, se eto lat1 gbe kanga si .
agbegbe kan kinni ohun kinni ti yio koko, se? . .
2. Kinni yio kO,KO, soT fun awon
•
ti 0 10
•
1ati ba soro?
• •
Kinni awon ohun ti yio so nipa alebu ti 0 wa ninu omi ti

• •
ko dara?
234

Nigbati omo'se
ba f 7
.
, " Peace. Corps t'o
gba im9ran pe bawo ni
When a PCV wants to offer a
suggestion on how the in-
habitants of a city can live
aw?n ara ilu kan ~e Ie gbe well, especially on how they
qaradara: papa julo, bawo ni can have good water, he will
• meet with the chief or the
nw?n ~e Ie ni omi ti 0 dara, pastor, and he will tell them
yio pe bale, tabi oniwasu J' 0 i . that many children die because
they do not have good water.
yio si s? fun nW9n wipe
~P9l?P? 9m9 ni
nku, nitoripe 0
nwon ko ni omi daradara •

•
L7hin n~ yio gba nwqn ni 'yanju Then he will advise them on how
bawo ni nw?n ~e Ie gb~ kanga, they can dig a well, how they
can use it, [and] how things
bawo ni nw?n ti~e Ie io, bawo which can promote good health
ni ori?iri~i nkan t'o j~pe yio among the inhabitants may be
brought to the city.
Ie mu alafia ba ilu yio de fun
ilu na.
Aw?n 9ba ati awqn ijoye, nwqn yio The king and his counsellors,
si gba imoran re tow9towo. they will take his advice
• • f f. wholeheartedly.
Nigb~ti omo'se .
, ..." .... Peace
,
Corps t'c Lehin n~ yio gba nwqn ni 'y~nj~
.
I
ba f~ gba im9ran bawo ni pe bawo ni nwo,n se Ie gbe kanga, .

bawo ni nw~n ti~e Ie 121, bawo
~ ", :' 01 ' /
aw?n ara ~lu kan ~e Ie gbe

, .., .;
daradara, papa jUlo, bawo ni ni orlsirisi nkan t' ~ jepe yio

I
" ~
•
~ ": "-
I
/ " ,.,
I
,,;
nwon se Ie ni omi ti 0 dara, Ie rou alaf~a ba ilu yio de fun
yi~ p~ bal~ oniw~su jqi
~
tabi ilu na.
(~"" -: /'
y~o s~ s? fun nW9n w~pe
opoloP9 omo ni 6 nku, nltorlpe , "'''' '" ,

Aw?n 9ba ati awqn ijoye, nwqn yio
"' . , '
• I I • • •
... ./ ,/
nwon ko nl omi daradara. s i gba imoran re tow9towo •
• • • f ,.
235

Nigbati omo'se Peace Corps t'o

. , I' .
Nigbati omo'se
, ., Peace Corps t'o
ba fe, gba imqran pe bawo ni ba fe, --- ------ pe bawo ni
, ara ilu kan ~e Ie gbe
awon aw?n ara ilu kan ~e __ _ __
daradara, papa jul?, _ _ , papa julo, bawo ni
_____________ ti 0 dara, •
nwc;>n~e Ie ni ,
yio pe ---~ tabi ---- j9: yio pe baIT tabi oniwasu j9:
yio si s9 fun nW9n wipe yio si s9 fun nW9n wipe
?P9l9P? 9m9 ni 0 nku, nitoripe _______________._, nitoripe
nwon ko ni omi daradara. nwon ko ni omi daradara.
• •
Lehin n~ yio L~hin n~ yio gba nwqn ni 'yanju

•
bawo ni nwc;>n ~eIe gb~ kanga, bawo ni nwc;>n ~e Ie --- -----,
________ , bawo bawo ni nwc;>n ti~e Ie 10, bawo
. .
ni orisirisi nkan t'o jepe yio . ni ori~iri~i nkan t'o j~pe yio
Ie mu alafia ba ilu yio de fun Ie mu ------ -- --- yio de fun
ilu na. ilu na.
Aw~n 9ba ati awqn ijoye, nwqn yio Aw~n ati awqn , nwqn yio
si gba_----- tow9
f
towo
,.
• si gba imoran
•
re• tow9towo.
f ,.
1. Kinni ohun ti omo'se Peace Corps yio koko ~e bi 0 ba fe

. ..
, , I I • • •
gba awon ara ilu kan ni imoran bi nwon tise

, Ie ni omi ti
o dara?
2. Iyanju wo ni yio gba awqn ara ilu na?
3. Kinni ohun ti 0 nsele

, . .
si awon enia ti ko ni omi ti 0 dara?
4. Bawo ni qba ati aW9n ijoye yio ti~e gba im9ran ti ~m~'~~
Peace Corps yi fun W9n?
236

Bi omo Peace Corps ti 0 ba fe wa

I , . , If a PCV wants to seek a way
ona lati mu alafia wa si ilu, to bring healthfulness to
• a town, especially to dig
papa' 'ju19 lati gb~ kanga, yio a well, he will first of all
koko 10 si odo bale tabi oniwasu. ~o to the chief or the pastor
" , ., I
{of the town).
Yio ba nW9n so nipa alebu tWo wa He will discuss with them the
• evils that are in drinking
nipa mimu omi ti ko dara, bi
bad water, how this brings
iwonyi se nmu iku ati orisirisi
I I
, I
death and various diseases.
arun wa.
L~hin "" yio s9 fun nW9n bawo ni

na Then he will tell them how
. , gbe, kanga yi, bawo
nwon 0 se they will dig this well,
ka ti awon
.
eranko
I.
ni nwon yio se mo odi y1 kanga
bi ewure, tabi
how they will build a fence
around it so that animals
like goats or sheep may not
, I
pass their dung near it.
agutan ko fi ni le rna ya'gbeI
s~ba reo
t
OP9lopo
, , ,. nwon
' - inu nwon yio dun
lati ri eleyi nitoripe nW9n f 1
. Many of them [the people] will
be very glad to see this,
because they like to live
lati gbe fun oP9lopo
, r , ,
odun.
, for many years.
237

Bi orno Peace Corps ti 0 ba fe wa ",

L~hin
~ '"
na yio s9 fun nW9n bawo ni
" ,/
, , .., "'" "',,

ana , se gbe, .kanga
.
" bawo
/
.
/.
lati mu alafia wa s~ ilu, nwon " yi, "
,
0
• _ -J
papa ju19 lati gb~ kanga, yio
" . . . . '
ni nwon yio , "
se mo odi y~" kanga
• • •
koko 10 s1 odo bate tabi oniw~s~.
,1' l' , ka, ti
""
"'......awon eranko bi
agu~an
~ .
""'~
, ,Ie
ko fi ni
,"
ewure tabi
" rna ya'gb
" / - ,
7
yio
"
ba . ~
, so n~pa alebu +-' 0 wa
nwon
~ " ,
.... v.... "
seba
-
,
"" re.
.
nipa mimu omi ti ko dara, bi
'" " ": '
iW9nyi ~e 6m~ y~o
{"t~'t 0P91opo
Inwon
' - inu nwon dun
.41".
~ku at~ or~s~r~s~
, , , ,
,...... /
lati rl eleyl nitoripe nw~n f~
arun wa.
lati gbe fun onOlopo
I,,;.-r , ,
odun.
,
Bi orno
, , Peace Corps ti . 0 ba
, fe wa Bi orno .
, , Peace Corps ti ,
0 ba fe wa
ona lati mu alafia wa si ilu, ?na lati mu ,
I_ -J _ -J
papa jU19 lati - , yio papa ju19 lati gb~ kanga, yio
koko 10 si odo _.:::.-__ tabi .•
,1' I' koko 10 si odo bale tabi oniwasu.
'" I I ,
Yio ba nW9n s9 nipa alebu t'o wa Yio ba nW9n s9 nipa t'o wa

nipa mimu orni ti ko dara, bi nipa ____ dara, bi
iwonyi
,
se
, nmu _-- ati
____ wa.
_
.
iwonyi se
, nmu iku ati orisirisi
, ,
arun wa.
Lehin
, na yio s9 fun nW9n bawo ni L~hin na yio s9 fun nW9n bawo aJ.
.
nwon 0 se
ni nW9n __ __
.
, gbe kanga yi, bawo
__ _ _
---- - -- , bawo
ti awon eranko
, ~
bi ewure, tabi ka ti awon
~
.
ni nwon yio se rno odi y1 kanga
'.
------ bi ewure, tabi
agutan ko fi ni Ie ma ya'gb7 ______ ko fi ni Ie ma ya'gbe
I
s~ba r~. s~ba re. I
OP9lopo
, , " ,
nwon - inu nwon
I
yio dun OP9lopo nwon inu nwon yio dun
, , , I I I
__ ----- nitoripe nw~n f £1

1 lati ri eleyi nitoripe nW9n
lati gbe fun oP910po
, , , odun. . , lati gbe fun •
238

1. . . . ., ..
Awon wo ni omo'se Peace Corps yio koko ba da imoran bi
ba nfe lati mu anfani wa si ilu kan?
. 0
•
2. Kinni ohun ti yio s9 fun w9n nipa mimu omi ti ko dara?
3. Kinni aW9n ohun ti yio ~q fun w~n nipa kanga gbigb~?
4. Nitori kinni inu won yio £i dun lati ni omi ti 0 dara?

•
239

POULTRY RAISING - TEXT 1
Ti a ba fe sin adie lati le rna If we want to raise poultry

• • to be able to get plenty
ri opolopo
• I ' ,
eyin nibe, a 0 of eggs from them, we shall
.
I ,
ko nwon sibi kanna.

.
toju awon adie t'o dara lati
'
select fine chickens and
keep them in a pen (' ... fine
• chickens, in order to gather
them to the same place').
Lehin na a 0 fun nwon ni onje Then we shall give them good

I I '
food.
t'o dara.
Opolopo awon enia wa ni nrna Many of our people quote the

I I • I •
proverb: 'He that eats a
powe wipe 'Oniranu a je'yin
, guinea-fowl egg is a prodigal
awo. ' person. '
Iturn9 eleyi ni wipe 7yin ki The meaning of this is that the

egg is not what a person should
ise nkan ti enia Ie rna ko je.
I • buy and eat.
Aw~n adi 7 - k'a kan rna sin adi~ That fowl may produce young
lati tun Ie bi omo
. , adie miran . ones seems to be the reason
why our people keep poultry.
.
ni awon enia ntoju adie, fun. .
. .'
Sugbon asise patapata ni eleyi.
, But this is a complete mistake.
Awon enia wa, 0 y~ ki nwon k'o It is proper that our people

I ,
know that eggs are very
rno
. ,eyin dara pu~ l'ara.
wipe . beneficial to the body.
240

./....
.
Ti a ba fe sin adie, ·Iati Ie rna
"./",...
it~rn9 eleyi ni wipe 7yin xi
nib~,
;II " .... , ...... ..., /
ri opOlopo
, I , ,
eyin
, ,
a 0 ise nkan ti enia Ie rna ko je.
I •
toju awon adie t'o dara Iati

~ • ,,,' .c , ... ,
xo nwon sibi kanna. ~,
• Aw~n adi~ - k'a xan rna sin ad~~

Iati tun Ie bi orno
;#
. , adie, rniran
" ..... ' " ' "
. ... " " ' " "

ni awon enia ntoju" adie
.... ., •
fun
Lehin
I
n~ a 6 t
fun nwon ,
ni onje • • t
""
t'c, dara.
'''' "
,
...
Sugbon .
/ ....
as.i~e
, ////
patapata ni eleyi.
,,""
Opolopo t t
awon•
enia wa ni nrna
............
.,,, "
~.......
..... ,,:, ...
powe w~pe 'Oniranu a je'yin ,
~
, x'o
, enia wa, 0 y~ xi nwon
Awon
awo. '
;'
rn~ wipe ~yin dara pup? I'ara.
ri
.
Ti a ba fe sin adie, Iati Ie rna
a 0 ni~,
.
Awon adie - k'a xan rna .
Iati tun Ie bi orno
. , adie, rniran
, .
toju awon
xo nwon sibi xanna •
Iati ni awon enia _
t
•
,
Sugbon . patapata ni eleyi.
"V
Lehin
t
na a 0 fun nwon
t
ni Awon
I
enia wa, 0 y~ ki nwon
,
x'o
t'o dara. rno wipe eyin -- __ l'ara.
• •
Opolopo
I Itt .
awon enia wa ni nrna
,
-
powe wipe ------- - ------
Iturn? eleyi ni wipe 7yin xi

ise
, nkan ti enia Ie rna -_.
241

Ti a ba fe sin adie ·lati Ie rna Iturno eleyi ni wipe

• •
ri opolopo
J
eyin nibe, a 0
I , , , ,
---- Ie rna ko jet
,
. .
toju awon adie teo dara Iati
_______________ e
'
Iati tun Ie __ ___

ni awon enia ntoju adie fun.
Lehin
, na a 0 • • •
t' 0 dara.
, .
Sugbon .
asi~e
Opolopo awon enia wa ni

t I " •
Aw?n enia wa, 0 y~ _
____ wipe 'Oniranu a je'yin I
awol ' wipe 7yin dara pup? l'ara.
1. Kinni ao ~e ti a ba f~ Iati sin adi~ ki a ba Ie ri

pP?lqp? ~yin?
2. Kinni owe ti awon Yoruba rna pa nipa enia ti
•
- 0 ba nra
. .
eyin je?
3. . , , . ro wipe adie, sinsin wa fun?

Kinni opolopo
4. Nje ero yi ba igbayi rnu?
5. Da'ruko ohun kan ti

•
0 ye ki awon Yoruba ki
••
0 rno nipa
•
eyin jije.
• •
242

Ti a ba fe toju awon adie, papa

I I I •
If we want to keep poultry,
julo lati Ie ri eyin lara nwon, especially in order to get
I I I
eggs from them, we shall
a 0 ko awon adie nwonyi sibi ti keep these chickens in a
• 'I
o dara, a 0 si fun nW9n l'onj~
good pen, and we shall give
them very good food.
t' 0 dara puPq.
Opolopo awon enia wa ni nwon ni

• I " , •
Many of our people have the
igbagb~ wipe oniranu enia ni belief that it is a prodigal
person who eats eggs.
njeI eyin
I
awo.
Sugbon
, I
asise
•
ni eleyi. I But this is a mistake.
AW9n enia wa nt?ju adi~ lati Ie Our people keep poultry simply
bi omo adie, miran ni. for the purpose of raising
I I
more chickens.
Sugbon
"
0 ye ki a ni eyin
I T
loWlop;> I I I ,
But it is proper that we should
ki a si ma je, nwon, nitoripe have many eggs, and eat them
, because eggs are something
eyin
, je, nkan ti 0 wulo lati tun which is useful to build up
ara wa !?e. our bodies.
PP9l?P9 9m<;> kekeke, 0 y~ ki nW9n Many children should eat eggs,

k'o ma je, eyin, 0 si ye
and it is also right that
, , ki the adults should eat eggs.
agbalagba na ma je eyin
, ~lu
, • .
243

Ti a ba feI toj~ awon adie, papa " '"

Awon enia wa ntoju adie lati le
;"'"", .. "
. I •
...... I '
J'ulo lati l~ ri eyin lara nwon, bi orno
I ' adle, rniran ni.
.,. sibi ti
I • •
'" " ...
a 0 ko awon adie
//
,nwonyi
.
6 dara, a 0 si fun nwqn l'onj~
t' 6 dara pupq.
...
. , .
,
./"
~
"'./
Sugbon 0 ye ki a ni ~yin
-""'. /
T
~
,,""
lOP9lonn
(/
ki a S1 rna Je nwon, n1tor1pe
I I r',
I I
'" " ' , ././ eyin je nkan ti

• I
6 wU16 l~ti t~n
9ppl?P? aW9n enia wa ni nW9n ni
ara wa ~e.
igbagb~ wipe oniran~ enla ni
njeI eyin awo. " "
I "-
?P9l?P9 orno " '" " 0 ye ki'" nwon
, , kekeke,
• , ,
k'o rna je ~¥in, '"0 si " ye ki
,
"... ...• "" .....
agbalagba na ,
rna jE; eyin ~lu. .
Ti a ba fe ---_ -I
, papa ~ugbpn 0 y~ ki a ni _ _
J'ulo lati le ri eyin lara nwon,
I I I ki a si rna je nwon, nitoripe , I
a 0 ko awon adie nwonyi sibi ti

• , I eyin je nkan ti 0 wulo lati tun
• I
_ ----J a 0 si fun nwqn 1' _ ~e.
t'o dara puPq.
..
Opolopo
" awon
, enia wa ni nwon ni
igbagb~ wipe -__ ni
. ?P91?P9 --- ---- __ , 0 y~ ki nwqn
k'o rna j7 ~yin, 0 si y~ ki
"" .....
,
--------- na rna je eyin ~lu • . .
nje eyin awo.
I I
, ,
Sugbon ni eleyi.
Awon enia wa ntoju adie lati le

. I '
___ _ ni. ~
244

Ti a ba £e toju awon adie, papa Awon enia wa lati Ie

juI9 Iati Ie ri
I I
,
• •
•
bi orno adie, rniran ni.
o dara, a 0 si
. .
a 0 ko awon adie,nwonyi sibi ti
_
"
Sugbon 0 ye ki a ni p-yin
. , . T, 10P910P9
t' 0 dara PUPq. ki a , nitoripe
I • ,
Opolopo
• • f •
_ wa ni nwon ni•
eyin
, .
je nkan ti 0 wul0 lati tun
ara wa ~e.
------- wipe oniranu enia ni
njeI eyin
,
awo.
Op<?lopo orno kekeke,
• I , I , ,
Sugbon asise ----, 0si y~ ki

, I ••
, .
na rna je eyin ~lu. .
1. 9na wo ni a Ie gba Iati ri yyin dada Iati ara aw~n adi

7 wa?
2.
3.
.
Kinni igbagbo ti opolopo awon Yoruba ni nipa
""
Ni asiko yi, kinni a Ie s9 nipa igbagbq yi?
. ~yin jije?
.
4. Nitori kinni awon enia wa fi ntoju adie?
I • •
5. Nitori kinni 0 £i y~ fun wa lati rna j~ ~yin?
6. Awon wo 10 ye ki 0 rna je eyin?

• f , ,
245

Owe ti 0 W?P? larin.aw9n enia A saying which is common among

our people is, 'He is a prod-
wa nipe 'Oniranu enia a
igal person that eats eggs.'
j' ~yin awo.'
Awon
•
ologbon
'I ,
enia ti ri pe The wise have discovered that
this saying is a mistake,
a~ige ni owe yi, nitoripe because the egg is something
~yin j~ nkan ti 0 dara pup? which is very good for the
body.
l'ara.
o ye ki awon enia wa k'o ni

I •
It is proper that our people
have chickens, and that by
adi~ ki nW9n k'o si sin keeping these chickens we
nwo.n lopoloP9,
I , II
nitoripe have eggs.
nipa sinsin adie nwonyi
• •
a nni awon eyin.
• I
Ninu eyin
,
jijeI idagba soke wa In eating eggs, there is
development for our body
fun eran ara wa. tissues .
•
Gbogbo ibi ara to jTpe 0 ti For all parts of the body

already worn out, eating
baje, €yin jije 0 ndi nwon.
, . I •
eggs fills them.
Sugbon ti a ko ba je eyin, But if we fail to eat eggs,

I
asise
,
I
.
gba l'eleyi.
• •
this is a real mistake.
246

" "/""
Owe ti 0 wopo
"
1arin • awon
, ...........
enia " , "", ......
, , T Ninu eyin jijeI idagba soke wa
. ; ' , On1ranu
wa n1pe -( "" "" a
en1a
C
fun eran
, ara wa.
j' yyin awo.'
, J~pe
."
,Awon
.
,~
"
, .......... "
010gbon
, enia ti r1 pe
.' 't
a~1,e n1 owe y1, n1tor1pe
':
~ ""
~"
Gbogbo ibi ara to
baj~, ,yin jij~ 0 ndl nW9n.
0 ti
, nkan ti' "0 dara

~yin j~ "" , "
puP9
1'ara.
.S~gbon
, .
,'.,
ti a k~ ~ j~ eyin,
~
aS1se gba 1'eleyi.
,,~'
o, -:..... '" ,,""

, ,
y~
.....
k1 aW9n en1a wa k' 0 ni
. /,
adi~ k1 nW9n k'o S1 S1n
~
nwon .,.. .
': . 1oW1ol>9, nl tori~
n1pa s1nsin adie nW6ny1
,
~ 6n1 awon eyin.
• •
OWe ti 0 aW9n enia

Ninu eyin jijeI idagba soke wa
wa nipe ' enia a C
fun •
j'yyin
Awpn ti ri pe Gbogbo ibi ara to j~pe 0 __
.
asise
, ni owe yi, nitoripe
~yin j~ nkan ti 0 dara puP9
____ , eyin jije 0 ndi nwon.
• • •
1'ara. Sugbon ti a ko ba j~ e,yin,

, t
________ 1'eleyi.
o y~ ki aW9n enia wa __
____ ki nW9n k'o si sin
nwon
,
10polo~,
,.. I
nitoripe
nipa sinsin adi~ nw~nyi
a nni •
247

--- ti 0 W?P? larin _ _ Ninu idagba soke wa

__ nipe 'Oniranu enia a fun eran ara wa •
•
,
j' eyin awo.'
.
Awon ologbon
. , , enia ti ri pe
a~ige ni , nitoripe
Gbogbo ibi ara to
baj~, ~yin jij~
j~pe 0 ti
a
____ __ ti 0 dara puP9

• Sugbon ti a __ __ __
l'ara. • • ----J
a~i~e gba l'eleyi.
o ye ki awon enia wa k'o ni
• •
adi~ ki nW9n k'o si _
____ . , nitoripe
nipa sinsin adi~ nw?nyi
a nni awon
•
eyin.
I
II
1. Pari owe yi: "Oniranu
2. Kinni ero awon

, o199bon
." nipa eyin
, jije?
,
3. Kinni 0 ye k1 awon enia wa se nipa adie sinsin?
. , • t
~
4. Kinni anfani ti 0 wa ninu eyin jije?

• •
5. Pari gbo1ohun yi I "~ugbon
, ti a ko ,
ba je, eyin •
248

RECOMMENDED PEACE CORPS PROJECTS - TEXT 1
Nigbati ?m? Peace Corps ba lq When a PCV goes to Nigeria,

si Naijiria, ohun ~inni ti the first thing which he
ought to do is to discuss
. . .
o ye k'o koko, se ni lati ba wi th the people how they
can best take care of their
awon
• enia soro,
, • bawo ni nwon
r crops.
.' se Ie toju nkan oko nwon ti

yio fi dara.
.
Ni 9na yi yio pe aW9n agbe jo, In this process, he will call
• • the farmers together [for
yio si ~e alaye bawo ni nw~n
a discussion], and he will
se Ie tun oko nW9n se, bawo explain how they can improve
• •
ni nwon .
, se Ie gbin ohun ogbin
tWo dara, bawo ni nwon se le
. their farms, how they can
plant good crops, how they
can harvest them.
I ,
kore re. I
Ti 0 ba ~e eyi tan, yio gba After he has done this ~ he

will advise them [onJ how
nw<?n ni'yanju bawo ni nW9n they will store them ('care
o ti~e t9ju nw~n. for them').
.
Lehin na 0 Ie pe awon
, obinrin
jOt lati ba nwon soro, ona wo
Then he can call the women
together to discuss with
T • them [on] how they can
.
t •
ni nwon Ie gba toju omo nwon. care for their children.

",'
249

~ ,,~ /
Nigbati ?m? Peace Corps ba Iq / 0;' ba'" ~e eyi

Ti '.I',. '" gba
tan, yio "
, , . ( ~, '. t" , , ,
~ ~
si NaiJ~r~a, ohun k~nn~ ~
. "
nwon ni'yanju bawo ni nwon
~
.
o ye, k'o kOko
, ,'"
' , se ni Iati ba
, . , . ,.
o t~~e t?Ju
/ . /
nw~n.
.
awon enia soro, , .
\
bawo n~ nws>n
/
" ",. ,
·
....
se Ie t9jU nkan oko nwon ti
.
....
Lehin na Ie pe awon
, obinrin
0
' fi
yio " dara.
• ".... .... ~
j9 Iati ba nwon soro, ona wo
,
t 'T
/. /
•
ni nwon I~ gba tOJu omo nwon.
&
Ni 9na yi yio pe aW9n agb~ j~, t " •
~ ~e alaye bawo n~ nw~n

y~o s~
.I( " " ' ' ' • '
se I~ tun oko nW9n se, bawo

· .
'"
, se Ie gbin ohun ~gbin
ni nw6n .
t'o dara, b~wo ni nwon
, se
, Ie
/, ,
kore re • .
Nigbati omo
t •
Peace Corps ba Iq Ti 0 ba ~e eyi tan, yio gba
si Naijiria, ohun kinni ti nW9n ni'yanju bawo ni nW9n
o Yr
k'o kpk 9 ~e ni Iati ba o ti~e
.
awon enia soro,
,
___
.
ti
_
Lehin na 0 Ie pe _ _
•
yio fi dara. j9 Iati ba nw?n s~r9, 9na wo
ni nwon Ie gba ---- --- nwon.
Ni 9na yi yio pe j~,
• •
yio si ~e alaye bawo ni nw~n
·
se Ie tun oko nW9n se, bawo
ni nwon
, se Ie .
---- -----
,
t'o dara, bawo ni nw?n ~e Ie
.
re •
250

Nigbati orno
• •
Peace Corps ba 10
T Ti 0 ba ~e eyi tan, yio gba
si Naijiria, ohun kinni ti nW9n -------- bawo ni nW9n
. .
o \ ye, k'o koko, se ni ,
____________ , bawo ni nwpn
_
o ti~e t9ju nW9n.
.'
yio £i dara.
.
se Ie toju nkan oko nwon ti
•
j9
""'"
Lehin na 0 , obinrin
Ie pe awon
---- ---- ona wo ,
•
ni nwon Ie gba toju
, orno nwon.
Ni 9na yi yio pe aW9n agb~ j9t
a
• I •
yio si ~e alaye bawo _
-- --- __ , bawo
n~ nwon se Ie gbin ohun ogbin
• • •
t'o dara, bawo ni _
1. Kinni ohun kinni ti

o ba 10 8i Naijiria?
0
. .,.
ye ki omo'se, Peace Corps ~e nigbati
•
2. ..
Kinni awon imoran ti omo'se
, , " Peace Corps Ie fun awon agbe? . .
3. Iru imoran wo ni
•
0 1e fun awon obinrin?
I
251

RECOMMENDED PEACE CORPS PROJECTS - TEXT 2
Orno Peace Corps, 0 Ie wulo pupo A PCV can be very useful to

• • • Nigeria by advising the
fun Naijiria nipa biba awon people (the Nigerians) .
•
enia soro. I •
Ekinni 0 Ie pe awon
, agbe,
, ki 0 First, he can meet with the
farmers and explain to them
la nwon loye bawo ni a ti~e
I f , how we can plant our crops
Ie gbin nkan oko wa ni asiko at the best time, how we
can improve the soil on our
ti yio fi dara, bawo ni a ti~e
farm, how we can harvest
Ie tun il~ oko wa ~e, bawo ni our crops.
a se
, Ie kore nkan oko wa.
LThin na 0 Ie pe aw?n obinrin j9, Then he can invite the women,

"'" ....... most especially those that
papa jul9 aWQn ti nW9n ti bim~,
have had babies, for advice
bawo ni a Ie toju
, omo wa ni ona .. . on how to take care of our
children in a clean way, the
ti 0 mo, iru aso wo ni 0 ye ki
• •• • type of dress which we ought
..
a wo fun nwon, lehin na bawo ni
a se Ie toju ile, ile wa ni 9na .
"
to put on them: then, how
we can take care of our house
in a way that will promote
t'o jepe yio mu alafia ba wa. ('bring') healthful living
I
[to us].
252

" , " , / "-

..
Orno Peace Corps, 0 Ie wuIo PUp?
, ..... "'" , '/;' .....
fun Naijiria nipa biba aw?n
/ /...
~'"
na 0
p~pa juI9 aW9n ti nW9n ti bim?,

...
Ie pe awon obinrin J'o •
....
I ,
.....
~n1.a
':-' '"
s9r9......
. ..
bawo ni a Ie toju omo wa nl ona
ti 6 m9,
/ 1.ru
,'" a~9 wo nl.,,,0 y; k-:1.
.
Ekinni 0 Ie pe awon
, agbe,
, ki 0 a wo, fun nwon, Iehin n~ bawo ni
..... '" '" #' ...... "" /"
.... , / / , ,
I •
Ia nwon Ioye bawo nl. a tl.~e

•
Ie gbin nkan oko wa ni asiko
•• ~ "'" ........... .
a se Ie toju ile ile wa ni 9na
.' , { .
"" .... .:::"", .,
t'c JTpe Yl.O mu alafia ba wa~
t1 ylo fi dara, b~wo ni a ti~e
Ie tun ile oko wa se, bawo ni
I •
a se
, Ie k6re nkan oko wa.
..
Orno Peace Corps, 0 Ie
,
fun Naijiria nipa biba aw~n
Orno Peace Corps, 0 Ie wuIo pupo
• •
fun Naijiria nipa _
•
enia soro. I •
Ekinni 0 Ie pe awon
, agbe,
, ki 0 Ekinni 0 Ie pe , ki 0
bawo ni a ti~e Ia nwon Ioye bawo ni a

I • I
ti~e
Ie gbin nkan oko wa ni asiko Ie --- wa ni asiko

_________ , bawo ni a ti~e
ti yio fi dara, bawo ni a ti~e
--- --- --- wa ~e, bawo ni Ie tun __ --, bawo ni
a se Ie kore nkan oko wa. a se
, Ie nkan oko wa.
•
Lehin na '" 0 Ie pe awon obinrin jo, Lehin na 0 Ie pe ---- ------- --,

•
..,..- • I
• ..,..-
papa juI9 aW9n ti nW9n ti bim?, papa juI9 aW9n ti nW9n ti ,
bawo ni a __ -- ni 9na bawo ni a Ie toju orno wa ni ona
t •• •
ti mo, iru aso wo ni 0 ye ki

0 __ , iru ni 0 ye ki
• ••
'
• •
_______ , Ieh l.n na
-...J
bawo ni a wo fun nwon, Iehin na bawo ni
• , "
a se Ie toju ile ile wa ni 9na a ~e Ie t9ju --- wa ni 9na
• • •
t'o jepe yio rnu alafia ba wa~ t' 0 jepe yio mu alafia ba wa~.
• •
253

1. Ona wo ni omo'se Peace Corps le gba wulo fun Naijiria?

• • • ••
2. Da'ruko. awon
T
imo.ran ti omo'se
• , "
Peace Corps le fun awon
agbe ni Naijiria .
•
3. .
Iru awon obinrin wo ni 0 tun 1e pe jo?
,
4. Imoran wo ni yio fun iru awon obinrin bayi?
• •
254
'I< U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 19670 - 252-217 (145)

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YORUBA

Hosted for free on livelingua.com

Hosted for free on livelingua.com

This course is based on a series of brief monologs, recorded

The distinctive characteristic of this series of monologs is

The topics themselves were chosen for their relevance to the

Each tape recorded mono log is followed by questions relating

On the fourth tape (32 - Supplement) ,there are two kinds of

for high or predictaBle rising glide after low

for low or predictable falling glide after high

for low-rising glide

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for high-falling glide.

This system, while not always phonetically accurate, is con-

dad~ = daadaa arun = -"" .....

Placing both ~ and a single tone mark ove~ a vowel symbolizes

Suggestions to the student for using the materials without a tutor.

1. Listen to a version of one monolog several times

2. Study the written materials as necessary to learn the

3. Listen until you can easily comprehend everything

4. Using the pause or stop mechanism on your tape

5. Again using the pause or stop control, let the

6. Read aloud the two copies of the speech with words

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7. Mark tones on the copy you wrote as a dictation

8. Answer the questions on the tape, using the stop or

9. Answer any remaining questions in the book.

Suggestions for using the materials with a tutor.

1. The tutor may ask additional questions.

2. Ask questions of the tutor, without use of the

3. Complete statements begun by the tutor.

4. Give an English equivalent for any statement given

5. Give a brief, somewhat formal speech to the instruc-

Experimental f€atures of this book.

The substance of this book is simply a series of brief, over-

Further, the two different kinds of blank filling (marking

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Finally, the mechanical process of producing the required

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ABOUT THE AUTHORS

In 1960, Mr. Oyewale came to the United States to major in

H. DAVID McCLURE has an M. A. in Linguistics from Michigan

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Garden - Text 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. . . . . . . . . ... 81

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Awqn en1a P9 pup~ l'Eko. There are very many people 1n

Eko ko J1nna pUP9 srAb~okuta. Lagos lS not very far from

Awqn ara Eko f~ran fSJ1. The people of Lagos enJoy an

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Eko __ olu 11u • --- Je, -- fun Na 1J1r1a.

___ ko J1nna pUP9 s' •

Aw~n en1a -- on1~owo. _______ ~t'o wa l'Eko JE( e

IqE( agb~ -- -- - ... --- 1 'Eko.

Awqn ara ---- .. fa JJ.. -- Eko f~ran •

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9sa l.yq __ odo okun. ko nl. to e

Abeokuta _ e ____ ko stEko.

Ibadan n1 ohun t1 0 P9 JU Ibadan n1 _ __ JU Eko 1~