SOFTWARE MANUAL

BIMOTION 4-stroke
Copyright © 2000 Billy Alvarsson. Ver 1.1.
All rights reserved. The computer program is protected by
Copyright laws and must not be copied except as a safety
copy for the owner’s use.
This manual does not explain all theory behind the calculations that is made. It is
assumed that the user knows the fundamentals about four stroke engines.
Licensed user will always get new versions send automatically by e-mail for free.
Latest updated manual can be downloaded from
http://www.knuten.liu.se/~bilal270/index.html
Questions or bug reports are sent to: bilal270@student.liu.se

Table of Contents page

1. INTRODUCTION 2
1.1 Valve lift
1.2 Valve velocity
1.3 Valve acceleration
1.4 Valve time-area

2. GENERAL 3

3. LOADING AND SAVING FILES 3

3.1 Load a user file
3.2 Save a user file

4. ALTER AND DISPLAY DATA 4

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1. Introduction
The 4 stroke program computes valve lift, valve velocity, valve acceleration and valve
time-area, for a given engine specification. It also shows how these quantities vary
when relevant engine dimensions are changed or when the engine speed is changed.
The data required by the computer is: bore, stroke, intake and exhaust valve diameter,
number of valves per cylinder, valve seat angle, valve timing, valve lift at 10-degrec
intervals and engine speed range.
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1.1 Valve lift

A conventional valve lift diagram is displaced showing the phasing of the cams and the
overlap period. The effect of changing the phasing can be seen instantly.
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1.2 Valve velocity

The peak velocity can be compared to the stock engine and to state of the art,
competition engines.
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1.3 Valve acceleration

When the acceleration reaches a positive maximum, the contact stress between the cam
and follower (and between the valve and valve lifter) will be greatest. This figure
should be compared to previous figures to see how the stress will increase due to the
change in acceleration. The actual stress will be F + m⋅a/A, where F is the spring force
at that particular lift, m is the mass of the moving parts (half mass of the spring is
regarded as moving), a is the acceleration and A is the contact area. So, an increase in
'a' can be countered by a reduction in m, or F, or an increase in A.

When the acceleration is negative, the cam is dropping away from the follower and
valve motion is controlled by the spring. The required spring force to avoid valve float
is k⋅x, where
k⋅x > m⋅a
where
k = spring rate [m]
x = valve lift [m]
m = mass of moving parts [kg]
a = valve acceleration at lift x [m/s2]

Note: m will be the weight divided by the gravitational constant, 9.81 m/s2, of the
valve, collets, collar, and half of the spring(s). If a rocker arm is used then the moment
of inertia should also be added or, to simplify things, it can be approximated to a bar to
be on the safe side which will give a greater value of inertia..
The moment of inertia of an uniform bar is I = m⋅L2/12 + m⋅r2.
m = rocker arm mass [kg]
L = total length [m]
r = distance rocker arm center of gravity – pivot axle. [m]
R = distance valve, rocker arm contact point – pivot axle. [m]
The force acting on the spring due to the inertia is FI = I⋅a/R2 [N]. Add this force to the
previous.

2
If the spring force k⋅x is less than m⋅a then the valve will lose contact with the cam at
that point. If k⋅x is significantly greater than m⋅a, then the stress at the cam follower is
unnecessarily high.
The program displays valve velocity and acceleration against a given crank speed. The
result can also be varied by changing the valve lift data.
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1.4 Valve time-area

Time-area is the quantity given by integrating the valve lift, diameter and the time it is
open over each full cycle; it therefore represents the amount of air the port is able to
flow. The program assumes that gas flow will not increase once the valve has exceeded
a certain lift. If air flow tests, etc, indicate a particular value for this maximum effective
lift, then it may be used in the program; otherwise the program will default to a value of
0.27 ⋅ valve diameter.
The program displays time-area in units of s-mm2, and specific time-area, in units of s-
mm2/cm3 (i.e. time-area per cc of piston displacement) so that the figures may be
compared with engines of different sizes and so that the effect of changing the piston
displacement may be seen.
The time-area figures are displayed against a range of crank speeds; alternatively, the
figures can be displayed for a variety of valve diameters, at a constant crank speed.
The effect of a different cam profile can be seen quite clearly also in a diagram.
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2. General
To accept recommended or previous values just enter. (0 omitted if enter nothing)
If errors of any kind appears (usually due to file can’t be found) the program will return
to the menu with a simple error message *** Error, returns to menu ***
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3. Loading and saving files

The program does not understand lower case characters as input except from text
strings as paths and names.
The first dialogue:
Press L to load a <*.cam> file or enter
to continue with new specifications.
To load a user file press “L” otherwise enter.
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3.1 Load a user file:

Type file name without extension, or enter to alter path.
Path: Current
? _

If you wish to load a file from another folder than current then simply enter, else type
the file name without the <.cam> extension.
If you enter this syntax help will show up:
Syntax: <C:\...path\>
? _

Enter the entire path here according to the syntax above (without <>).
The load process above is repeated until the file name is entered.

3
The program remembers last loaded path used. IMPORTANT! This path must not
contain folders longer than 8 characters/folder!
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3.2 Save a user file:

Files will be saved as in example: Kawasaki GPZ1200 Original --> kawasako.*. The
first 7 letters are part of the name, the last one is T/O (Tuned/Original). Just enter (T)
or (O). Delete this T/O with (D).
If no option, first 8 letters will be part of the file name. File will be saved when the
choice is accepted with ‘enter’.

Accept present path <> or

Enter path to folder (if different from current)?
C:\TEMP\ Enter here gives:
Current name: TEST

Accept saving as <C:\TEMP\TEST.cyh>

or enter engine name, (Last file char is T/O),

or (P) to alter path
(T) to add 'Tuned'
(O) to add 'Original'
(D) to delete T/O info.? _
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4 Alter and display data

The menu :

Menu

Display Time-Area ................... (0)

Valve lift .................. (1)
Velocity .................... (2)
Acceleration ................. (3)
Alter Valve Data .................. (4)
Cam Data .................... (5)
Present dimensions .................. (6)
Restart ............................. (7)
SAVE ................................ (8)
LOAD ................................ (9)
QUIT ................................ (10)

Choice ?

If choice 0, Display Time-Area gives:

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 When valve lift reaches a certain value, the air flow no
longer increases. This usually occurs when the lift is
0.27* valve diameter, in this case

intake lift: 10.53 mm

exhaust lift: 8.1 mm

Present lift factor is: intake = .27

exhaust= .27

Enter to accept or A to alter this factor.? A

If A is entered :
Enter the max effective intake valve lift/dia. factor ?
exhaust valve lift/dia. factor ?

Which valve, I/E ?

If I is entered:

Vary time-area against

engine speed ........................ (0)

valve size .......................... (1)

? _
If 0 is entered :

Minimum speed, rpm ? 5000

Maximum speed, rpm ? 12000
Increment ? 1000

These values gives:

12-10-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Four Stroke Intake.

Crank Time-area Sp t-a

rev/min s-sq mm s-sq mm/cc
5000 4.66 15.6 x10^-3
6000 3.88 13 x10^-3
7000 3.33 11.1 x10^-3
8000 2.91 9.7 x10^-3
9000 2.59 8.6 x10^-3
10000 2.33 7.8 x10^-3
11000 2.12 7.1 x10^-3
12000 1.94 6.5 x10^-3
End of list.

5
Choice 1, Display Valve lift diagram can not be shown here.
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If menu choice 2, Display Velocity gives:

12-10-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Four Stroke
At 11000 rev/min, valve velocities are:

Crank Intake Exhaust

angle (m/s) (m/s)
0 0 0
10 6.3 7.3
20 7.7 7.3
30 8.2 8.3
40 6.9 5.6

210 -6.6 -10.4

220 -7.8 -4.3
230 -7.9 -7.6
240 -6.3 -6.6
250 -6.1 -5.9
260 -2.6 -4.3
270 -1 -2.2
280 -.7 -1.1
End of list.
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If menu choice 3, Display Acceleration gives:

12-10-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Four Stroke
At 11000 rev/min, the valve accelerations are:

Crank Intake Exhaust

angle (m/s^2) (m/s^2)

10 -41.4 -47.9
20 -50.5 -47.9
30 -54 -54.4
40 -45.7 -37
50 -42.7 -39.2

220 51.4 28.3

230 52.3 50.1
240 41.4 43.6
250 40.1 39.2
260 17.4 28.3
270 6.5 14.4
280 4.4 7.4
End of list.
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If choice 4, Valve Data is entered:
The values displayed is the present ones. They are accepted by simply enter.

No. of intake valves/cyl. 1 ?

No. of exhaust valves/cyl. 1

Intake valve dia. 39

Exhaust valve dia. 30

Enter 45 deg if not known.

Intake valve seat angle 45
Exhaust valve seat angle 45

If choice 5, Cam Data is entered :

Intake, Exhaust or both (I,E,B) ?
Enter I gives :
Adjust the valve clearance to their normal settings
and turn the engine until the intake valve is lifted 1.0 mm.
Measure the lift at 10 deg. intervals until the valve closes.

Enter the lift figures against the corresponding crank angle

or enter to accept previous value.
The input will stop when 99 is entered.

Crank angle BTDC for intake lifted 1.0 mm. 10 ? 10

Enter 10 gives:
Angle Lift Current
0 1
10 ? 1.95

Current value is accepted by enter.

The input procedure will stop when reaching 350 degrees or entering 99.
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5. Display Data
If menu choice 6, Present dimensions gives:

12-10-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Four Stroke

Bore, mm .................................. 76
Stroke, mm ................................ 66
Displacement, cc/cyl ...................... 299.4
No. of valves, intake ..................... 1
exhaust .................... 1
Valve dia., mm, intake .................... 39
exhaust ................... 30
Max valve lift, mm, intake ................ 10.6
exhaust ............... 10.4
Valve seat angle, deg, intake ............. 45
exhaust ............ 45
Valve lift/dia flow factor intake ......... .27
exhaust ........ .27
Crank ang. at 1.0 mm lift, intake BTDC ... 10
exhaust BBDC ... 60

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 12-10-2000 TEST
BIMOTION Four Stroke

Intake Exhaust
deg. lift deg. lift deg. lift deg. lift
------------------------- -------------------------
0 1 160 10 0 1 160 9.85
10 1.95 170 9.45 10 1.95 170 9.5
20 2.9 180 8.77 20 3.05 180 8.85
30 4.06 190 7.9 30 4.15 190 8.25
40 5.3 200 7.05 40 5.4 200 7.5
50 6.35 210 5.9 50 6.25 210 6.58
60 7.33 220 4.9 60 7.15 220 5
70 8.3 230 3.72 70 7.95 230 4.35
80 8.95 240 2.52 80 8.65 240 3.2
90 9.75 250 1.57 90 9.25 250 2.2
100 10.29 260 .65 100 9.7 260 1.3
110 10.5 270 .25 110 10.05 270 .65
120 10.6 280 .1 120 10.25 280 .32
130 10.6 130 10.4 290 .15
140 10.6 140 10.35
150 10.43 150 10.2

Choice 7, Restart simply starts from the beginning.

Choice 8, 9 SAVE, LOAD se above.

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