 Some Basic Formulas :

 ( a ± b ) =a ± 2 ab+ b
2 2 2

 ( a ) −( b ) =( a+b ) ( a−b )
2 2

 ( x +a ) ( x+ b )=x +( a+ b ) x + a+b 2

 ( a ± b ) ( c ± d ) =a ( c ± d ) ± b ( c ± d )
 ( x ± y ) ( a+b+ c )=x ( a+b+ c ) ± y ( a+ b+c )
 ( a+ b+c ) =a + b +c + 2 ab+2 bc+ 2ca
2 2 2 2

 ( a ± b ) =a ±b ± 3 ab ( a ± b )
3 3 3

 ¿
 ( a ) + ( b ) + ( c ) −3 abc=( a+ b+c ) ( a2 +b 2+ c 2−ab−bc−ca )
3 3 3

 Powers:
 a . a =a m n m+n

 ( a m ) =amn
n

m
a

m−n
=a
an
 a . b =( ab )
m m m

 a =1 0

 Logarithms:
 log a =0 1

 log a =log a + log a

mn m n

m
 log a =log a −log a
n m n

 log a =nlog a mn m

 e =e
a
a .logx log x

 Logarithm change of base formula:-

log bm
 log a =
m

log ba

 Polynomial:
  Polynomials of degrees 1, 2 & 3 are linear , quadratic & cubic
polynomials respectively.
 Number of zeros/roots in linear , quadratic & cubic polynomials are 1 , 2
& 3 respectively.
 discriminant( D )=b2−4 ac
 For real , equal & rational roots ----------- D=0
 For real , unequal & rational roots –------ D>0(Distinct root)
 For unreal , unequal & irrational roots – D<0
 Quadratic polynomial: ( a x 2 +bx +c=0 )
o Let α ∧β are the two zeros/roots
−b
 α +β=
a
c
 α × β=
a
o By completing square method “x” be the zeros/roots
−b ± √ b2−4 ac
 x=
2a
 Cubic polynomials: ( a x +b x + cx +d=0 )3 2

o Let α , β∧γ are the zeros/roots

−b
 α + β+ γ =
a
c
 αβ + βγ +γα=
a
−d
 αβγ= a
 Arithmetic Progression: First term------------------>a

 an¿ a+ ( n−1 ) d Common difference--->d

n
 sn¿ 2 [ 2 a+( n−1 ) d ] nth term--------------------->an

n Last term------------------->l
 sn¿ 2 [ a+l ] Sum of nth term---------->sn
 an¿sn −¿ s (n-1)
Geometric Progression: First term------------------>a

 tn¿ a × r ( n−1)
Common ratio----------->r
( 1−r ) n

 sn ¿ a 1−r , r <1 nth term--------------------->tn

Sum of nth term---------->sn
( n
)
 s n ¿ a rr−1
−1
, r >1

 Mensuration:
b a
 Cuboid:
 T.S.A¿ 2(lb +bh+hl ) h a
  L.S.A¿ 2 h(l+b)
l a
 Volume¿ l× b ×h
 Cube: r
 T.S.A¿ 6 × a ²
 L.S.A¿ 4 ×a ² h h l
 Volume¿ a ³ r
 Cylinder:
 T.S.A¿ 2 πr ( r +h)  Basic requirements:
 C.S.A¿ 2 πrh  Perimeter of cuboid¿ 2(l+b)
 Perimeter of cube¿ 4 a
 Volume¿ π r h 2
 Circumstances of cylinder/cone¿ 2 πr
 Cone:  Base area of cuboid¿ l× b
 Base area of cube¿ a ²
 T.S.A¿ πr (r +l)  Base area of cylinder/hemisphere/cone¿ πr ²
Length of spiral¿ πr
 C.S.A¿ πrl 
1
 Volume¿ 3 π r h
2

 Slant height( l )=√ h +r 2 2

r2
 Frustum:
 T.S.A¿ πl ( r 1+r 2) + π (r 1+ r 2)
2 2

l
 C.S.A¿ πl (r +r ) 1 2 h
1
 Volume¿ 3 πh ( r +r +r r )
2 2
1 2 1 2
r
 Slant height( l )=√ h +( r −r ) 2 2
1 2 1
 Sphere:
 S.A¿ 4 π r 2

4
 Volume¿ 3 π r
3

 Hemisphere:
 T.S.A¿ 3 π r 2
 C.S.A¿ 2 π r 2
2 3
 Volume¿ 3 π r
h
 Volume of Frustum of a cuboidal/triangular pyramid ¿ 3 ( a+ A + √ a+ A )
 Geometry:
 Straight line:
 Distance between two points P( x 1 , y 1 , z 1 )& Q( x 2 , y 2 , z2 )
 √ 2 2
d= ( x 2−x 1 ) + ( y 2− y1 ) + ( z 2−z 1 )
2

 Point P(x , y , z) divided the line joining two point

Q( x 1 , y 1 , z 1 )& R( x 2 , y 2 , z2 )in the ratio of m:n.

m+n(
m x2 +n x 1 my2 +n y 1 m z 2+ n z 1
 Internally ( x , y , z )= ,
m+n
,
m+ n )
(
m x2 −n x1 my 2 −n y 1 m z2 −n z1
 Externally ( x , y , z )= m−n ,
m−n
,
m−n )
 (
x + x y + y z +z
Mid point of a line ( x , y , z )= 1 2 2 , 1 2 2 , 1 2 2 )
y 2− y 1
 Slope, m= x 2−x 1 =tanθ
 Slope of two parallel lines are same , m1=m2
 Product of slope of two perpendicular lines is -1, m1 × m2=−1
 Different forms of equation of line Ax + By + C = 0
−A C
 Slope form B
y=
x− ∨ y=mx+c
B
x y x y
+ =1∨ + =1
 Intercept form −C −C a b
A B
A B −C
 Normal form cosθ = cosθ = p ∨x cosθ+ y sinθ = p


m 2−m1
Angle between two lines ¿ 1+ m m
1 2
| |
 Perpendicular distance Between a point( x 1 , y 1 ) and line Ax+ By+ c=0
| A x 1 +B y 1 +C|
d=
√ A 2+ B 2
 Distance between two parallel lines y=mx+c 1∧ y =mx+c 2
|c1 −c 2|
d=
√ 1+m2
For general form Ax+ By+C 1=0∧ Ax+ By+C 2=0

|C1 −C2|
d=
√ A2 +B2

 Triangles:
 If two triangles having same shape are called similar triangles.
 If two triangles having same shape and equal size are called
congruent triangles.
 For similar triangles:
 o
If the corresponding angles of two triangles are same.(AAA)
o
If two corresponding angles of two triangles are same(AA)
o
If the corresponding sides of two triangles are equal.(SSS)
o
If two corresponding sides and one angle of two triangles
are equal.(SAS)
 Pythagoras theorem: The sum of square of perpendicular and
base is equal to the square of hypotenuse of the triangle. P²+B²=H²
 Heron’s formula: Area of a triangle ¿ √ s ( s−a )( s−b ) ( s−c )
a+ b+c
a,b,c are sides of triangles,“s” is the half of perimeter s=
2
1
 Area of triangle ¿ 2 ( base × height )
 Triangle having Vertices ( x , y ) , ( x , y )∧( x , y )
1 1 2 2 3 3

1
Area¿ 2 ( x ( y − y ) + x ( y − y ) + x ( y − y ) )
1 2 3 2 3 1 3 1 2

 Triangle having Vertices( x , y , z ) , ( x , y , z )∧ ( x , y

1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 , z3 )

Coordinates of centroid ¿ ( x + x3 + x , y + y3 + y , z + z3 + z )
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

 Circles:

Major Tangent
Major
Sector
Segment
Diameter

Minor
Minor Sector Cord
Segment
Arc

θ 2
 Area of Sector with angle θ= 360 × π r
θ
 Length of sector with angle θ= 360 ×2 π r
 Area of the segment = area of the sector – area of the triangle
 Radius “r” of a circle having centroid ( h , k ) ∧¿Point( x , y )
r =√ ( x−h ) + ( y−k )
2 2

 Inverse trigonometry:

 ( 1x )=cose c ( x )
sin −1 −1

−1
sin ( x ) +co s ( x )=
π
2
−1

cos ( )=sec ( x )
−1 1 −1 −1 −1 π
 x  ta n ( x ) +co t ( x ) =
2
−1 −1 π
 se c ( x ) + cosec ( x )=
2
 ta n−1 ()
1
x
=cot−1 ( x )

 −1 −1
sin (−x )=−si n ( x )
 cose c−1 (−x ) =−cose c−1 ( x )
 ta n−1 (−x ) =−tan−1 ( x )
 co s−1 (−x )=π −co s−1 ( x )
 se c−1 (−x )=π−se c −1 ( x )

Functions Domain Range

 t ay=sin
−1
n−1 ( x ) +tax n−1 ( y )=ta n−1 ( 1−xy
x+ y
) [ −1 ,1 ]
[ −π π
,
2 2 ]

−1 −1 n−1 ( y )=ta n−1
( x )−ta
ta ny=cos x ( 1+x−xyy ) [−1 ,1] [0 , π ]

−1 −1 2 x
 2 ta n (x )=ta n
R−(−1, 1 )
[ ]
−1
y=cosec x 1− x2 −π π
, −0
2 2
R−(−1, 1 )
{}
−1
y=sec x
[ 0 , π ]− π
2
R
( −π2 , π2 )
−1
y=tan x

y=cot x
−1
R (0 , π)

 −1 −1
co t (−x )=π−co t ( x )