tc%f; ( 4 )

u&ifeDjynfodk@ yxr ESpfjcif;c&pf,mefomoemjyKjcif;

Sketches from the Karen Hill pmtkyfudk a&;om;ol omoemjyK Alonzo

Bunker, D. D azmfjycsuft& olonf yxrqkH; u&ifeDodk@
ESpfjcif;c&pf,mefomoemjyKcJhol jzpfonf? olxuf apmum u&ifeDodk@ vma&mufcJhaom
tjcm;omoemjyKrSm &efukef&dS u&ifrpf&SifrS Rev. Vinton jzpfonf? odk@aomf
omoemjyKjcif;udk rpwifao;ay? olESifhol.ZeD;wdk@rSm 1866 ckESpfwGif taemufu&ifeDodk@
pwifa&muf&dScJhonf? c&D;=urf;udk ESifcJh+yD;aemuf au;vsm;odk@ a&muf&dScJh&m
t}uD;tuJjzpfol apmzsmcGD;wDrS {nhf0wfjyKcJhonf? apmzsmcDG;wDrSm ol.jynfolrsm;twGuf
ausmif;aqmufvkyfa&; ESifhomoemjyKjcif; vkyfief;twGuf txl;tm;oefchJonf?
omoemjyK befumESifhtzGJ@onf wygwfr#aexdkif+yD; qkawmif;0wfjyKjcif;ESifh
usrf;oDcsif;rsm;oif=um;oDqdkr_rsm; jyKvkyf ay;+yD; apmzsmcDG;wDrS ol@tm; ajymcJh&mwGif
usaemfzcif[m omoemjyKwOD; vmcJh +yD;aemuf 'Dvdkenf;vrf;awG@eJ usifh}uHaexdkifvdkwJh
qENjyif;jycJholjzpfw,f? usaemfom;orD;awGtwGuf 'gawGvdktyfaea=umif;ajymcJhonf?
tqdkygc&D;pOfrS ighzm;qdkol vli,fwOD;u awmifilodk@ vdkufyg+yD;
omoemausmif;wufa&mufum u&ifeDodk@ jyefvnfomoemvkyfief;udk aqmif&GufcJhonf?
olESifhtwl u&ifomoemjyKq&m patm (S'Aw) qdkol twlwuG omoemjyef@yGm;a&;
vkyfief; vkyfcJhonf? ighzm;rSm yxrqkH;aom u&ifeDomoemjyKwOD;jzpfvmonf?
befumonf Dr Vinton ESifhtwl 1868 wGif twlwuG u&ifeDodk@ jyefvm+yD; survey
jyKvkyf&eftwGuf tpDtpOfpum vdGKifaumfrpf&Sifxlaxmif&ef }udK;pm;cJhonf? 1871 ckESpf/
'DZifbmv 21 &ufae@wGif au;vsm;odk@ wzef 'kwd,t}udrfjyefa&mufvmum atbDpD
pwifoif=um;ay;jcif;/ "rRoDcsif;rsm; oif=um;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfay;cJhonf? apmzsmcDG;wDrS
jzpfEdkifacs&dSrnhf q&mrsm; pDpOfay;&efESifh ausmif;rsm;aqmufvkyfay;&ef awmif;qdkcJhonf?
tjyefwGif awmifilodk@ vli,frsm; ydkrdkrsm;jym; pGmvdkufyg@yD; pmoifr_jyKvkyf&ef
jyifqif=uonf? odk@aomf tchsKdrSm ouf}uD;vltdkrsm;ESifh awG;ac:,lqr_uGJjym;r_tay:
tjiif;yGm;cJh =uonfudk awG@&onf? rjyefcifwGif apmzsmcDG;wDrS ‚if; tm; "Do not
forget my people. They are very ignorant and superstitious.
Come again, and bring us the white book" [krSmvdkufonf[k qdkonf?
xdkc&D;+yD;aemufydkif; awmifilomoem jyKausmif;odk@ vli,frsm; ESpfOD;p okH;OD;pcGJum
oGm;a&mufynmoif,lcJh=uonf? wwd,t}udrf au;vsm;odk@ vmaomc&D;pOfwGif Rev
Dr Rose and McCall wdk@ &efukefrS vdkufygvmcJh=uonf? TwacgufwGif
apmzsmcDG;wDrSm aoqkH;cJh+yDjzpf+yD; om;awmf apmzsmcDG;aqmfrS qufcHum ‚if;wdk@tm;
ol.crnf;awmfuJhodk@yif {nhf0wfjyKcJhonf? au;vsm;ESifh rdkif 30 cef@a0;aom a'gqD;tDwGif
omoemjyKvkyfief;udk wdk;chsJcJh&mwGif wwwfwtm; pdwftm;xufoefpGm yg0ifulnD
vkyfaqmifcJholrSm wl&D jzpfonf? (wl&DrSm *dkbDwl&D. zcifjzpfonf)? 1900 ckESpf/ Zefe0g&Dv
17 &ufwGif ompnfrSwqifh vdGKifaumfodk@ a&muf&dSum vdGKifaumfrpf&Sifay:aygufa&;udk
vkH;yrf;cJhonf? a'gqD;tDwGifyif rpf&Siftajcpdkufum vkyfief;udk azmfaqmifonf?
xdktcsdefu &Srf;e,fpyf&dS t*Fvdyft&m&dSrSm vdGKifaumftm; e,fpyfapmihfpcef;ozG,f
tajccstkyfcsKyfcJh+yD; omoemjyKvkyfief; ratmifjrifatmif a'ocHrsm;ESifh
&efwdkufay;jcif;ESifh v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk uef@owfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfchJonf? odk@aomf
omoemjyKtzGJ@onf Armjynfudk tkyfcsKyfaom t*Fvdyfbk&ifcHrS omoemjyKvkyfief;udk
a'owdkif;wGif vkyfaqmifcGifhjyKxm;onf? xdkt&m&dStm; wm;jrpfydwfyifr_ rjyKvkyf&ef
Armjynf&dS bk&ifcHrS n$ef=um;cJhonfhwdkif v#d@0SufpGm uef@owfr_rsm; vkyfaqmifcJhao;onf?
vdGKifaumfrpf&Siftjyif ,m'dk/ pEdkuf-yka'gif/ b&JhvlrsKd;rsm;=um;wGifvnf; vkyfaqmifcJh&mwGif
&HykHaiGrsm;vdktyfvmojzifh tqdkyg&HykHaiG &&dSa&;twGuf a'gufwm±_d@_ rS &efukefwGif
tvsLcHum ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;tm; yHhydk;&ef pDpOf&onf? TomoemjyKrsm;.
rSwfwrf;rsm;wGif u&ifeDvlrsKd;wdk@. vlaer_b0tajctaeudk azmfjy&mwGif
wxyfwnf;jzpfykHrsm; &dScJhonf? Oyrm- u &ifeDvlrsKd;wdk@tm; savage people,
barbarous people, wild tribes from sin-cursed land pojzifh
trsKd;rsKd;okH;E_H;xm;=uonfudkawG@&+yD; wlnDaom olwdk@. rSwfcsufwckrSm
u&ifeDvlrsKd;wdk@rSm rnfr#yif ±kwf&if;±kdif;pdkif; olrsm;jzpfvihfupm; cspfcifjyKiSmolrsm;tjzpf
wifpm;cJh=uonf? u&ifeDjynfodk@ yxrqkH;tjzpf c&D;pwifcJholESihf
u&ifeDta=umif;pwifa&;om;cJholDr Richardson rS Todk@rSwfcsufjyKcJhonf
"…rude, they were very friendly". McMahon uvnf; "…no more
civilized then the most barbarous tribes of Africa." [k The
Karens on the Golden Chersonese pmtkyfwGif a&;om;ygon?f Dr
Mason rSm 1859 ckESpfup+yD; u&ifeDodk@ a&muf&dScJhum yxrOD;qkH;omoemjyKoljzpf+yD;
q&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;rsm;aqmufvkyfay;cJholjzpfonf[k qdkonf? (odk@aomf
tchsKd,lq=uonfrSm Bunker befumrSm yxrqkH; omoemjyKoljzpf+yD; ol. trnfudk
tpGJjyKI u&ifeDwdk@u ESpfjcif;c&pf,meftm; bsm;csm (edfhvdfg) [k pwifac:a0:
vm[ef&dS onf[k ajymprSwf&dSygonf)?

u&ifeDjynfodk@ uufovpfomoemjyK pwifa&muf&dSvmjcif;

1868 ckESpfwGif awmifilodk@=uGa&mufvmonhf yD;artoif;rS bkef;awmf}uD; 4-yg;teuf

bkef;awmf}u;D Fr. Rocco Tornotore onf u&ifeDjynfodk@ OD;pGma&muf&dSvmaom
bkef;awmf }uD;jzpfonf? bkef;awmf}uD;onf vdyfodkodk@ oGm;a&mufausmif;xdkif+yD;aemuf
1872 ckESpfwGif omoemtwGuf vrf;pudk&SmazG&ef &nfpl;+yD;
vdyfodkrS,m'dkod@UwufoGm;um ,m'dkrSwqifh u&ifeDjynftwGif;&dS [dk,m/ rdkqdk/ a'ga&mcl/
abmvcJ/ apmvkH/ a[mfcrf;ponfh aus;&Gmrsm;odk@=uGa&mufcJhygonf? xdkpOftcgu
w&GmESifhw&Gm vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;cufcJjcif;/ a&muf&mae&mwGif tdyf puf&efcufcJjcif;/
tpm;taomufcufcJjcif;rsm;pGm &dScJhonf? wcgwGif bkef;awmf}uD; onf rdkqdk odk@
=uGa&mufcJh&m &Gmol}uD;u bkef;awmf}uD;tm; tdrfay:wGif rtdyfapbJ 0uf+cHay:wGif
tdyfapcJhonf? xdkYtjyif bkef;awmf}uD;onf rdkqdkrSwqifh abmvcJ/ apmvkHodk@
=uGa&mufcJh&mwGif apmzsmapmvazmfrS bkef;awmf}uD;tm; t*Fvdyfol v#dK[k xifrSwfum
zrf;qD;xm;cJhonf? xdkodk@ zrf;qD;xm;onfudk twlygoGm;aom "rRq&mu
,m'dkbkef;awmf}uD;xH ta=umif;=um;cJhojzifh vdyfodkbkef;awmf}uD;xH
qufvufta=umif;=um;cJh&m vdyfodkbkef;awmf}uD;u apmuJom±kt d m; tultnD
awmif;cJhonf? apmuJom±kdrS =u,fzdk;}uD;apmzsmxH ta=umif;=um;cJh&m =u,fzdk;}uD;
apmzsm axmufcHcsufjzifh jyefvnfvGwfajrmufcJhonf? xdkr#ru bkef;awmf}uD;onf rdkqdkrS
a'ga&mclodk@ =uGa&mufrnfhvrf;wGif vlqdk;wpku bkef;awmf}uD;udk vkyf}uH&ef
apmihfaecJh=uonf? bkef;awmf}uD;rSm vrf;rSm;+yD; a'ga&mclodk@ tjcm;vrf;a=umif;jzifh
a&muf&dSoGm;cJhaoma=umihf vlqdk;&efrS vGwfajrmufcJhonf?
bkef;awmf}u;D Fr. Rocco Tornatore onf bkef;awmf}uD;b0jzifh
awmifwef;a'owGif 18 ESpfwdkif wm0efxrf;aqmif&if; 1980 ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv 8
&ufae@wGif awmifilomoem *kd%f;tkyfq&mawmf}uD; Vicariate Apostolic .
oduQmawmfudk rEWav;wGif &efukef*dk%f;csKyf q&mawmf}u;D Bp. Paul Ambrose
Bigandet vufawmfrS cH,l&&dSonf? q&mawmfonf bkef; awmf}uD;b0wGif
u&ifeDjynf&dS [dk,m/ rdkqdk/ a'ga&mcl/ abmvcJ/ apmvkHwdk@tjyif &Srf;jynfawmifydkif;
vdk'd,mcl/ z,fckH/ 0Sg&Dcl/ uzk/ cDG;wvkwf tp&dSaom aus;&Gmrsm;odk@ 18 ESpfumvtwGif;
r=umc% vSnhfvnfum {0Ha*vdw&m;awmf a[m=um;jcif;/ aq;a=umjcif;/
r*Fvmay;jcif;rsm;udk aqmif&GufcJhonf? u&ifeDjynf wGif; omoemxGef;um;a&;twGuf
}udK;yrf;cJhonhf bkef;awmf}uD;rsm;teuf bkef;awmf}uD; Fr. E. Sagrada
wyg;tygt0ifjzpfonf? bkef;awmf}uD;onf 1884 ckESpfwGif awmifilodk@ a&muf&dSvm+yD;
t*Fvdyfpmudk oif,lcJh+yD; vdyfodkodk@ =uGa&mufausmif;xdkifcJhonf? vdyfodkrSwqifh
xD;omapmwdkufe,fudkjzwfum u&ifeD jynftwGif;&dS auaumESifh[dk,mwdkufe,ftwGif;
aus;&Gmrsm;odk@ vSnhfvnf&if; xl;acsmif;txda&mufcJhonf?
vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;cufcJr_a=umihf w&GmESifhw&Gm ul;vl;qufqHjcif;rsm; r&dScJh=uay?
bkef;awmf}uD;rS w&GmESifhw&Gm oihfjrwfap&ef =um;rSaqmif&Gufay;cJh+yD; &Gmvl}uD;rsm;udk
tjrifus,fvmap&ef vdyfodk/ awmifilodk@ ac:aqmifjyocJhonf? 1899 ckESpfta&mufwGif
aus;&Gmol§om;rsm; odjrifoabm aygufvm=u+yD; tjcm;a'orsm;odk@
oGm;a&mufvdkaomqENrsm; ay:vmonf? bkef;awmf}uD; Fr. Sagradaonf
awmifay:a'owGif 25 ESpfr# tr_awmfxrf;&if; Fr. Rocco Tornatore
ysHvGefawmfrlojzifh 1909 ckESpfwGif q&mawmf}uD; oduQmudk awmifilwGif &efukef*dk%f;csKyf
q&mawmf}uD; Bp. Cardot vufawmfrS cH,l&&dSonf?

u&ifeDjynfodk@ uufovpfbkef;awmf}uD;rsm; =u
=ua&muf
Ga&mufausmif;xdkifjcif;

u&ifeDjynfodk@ yD;aromoemawmfrS omoemjyKrsm; =uGa&mufoDwif;okH;cJhonhf ESpf 100

jynfh *sLbvDyGJawmfudk 1996 ck/ {+yDv 23 &ufae@wGif z±lqdkòrd@e,f/ qdkvsm;ul;wGif
pnfum;odkuf +rdKufpGm usif;ycJhonf? yD;aromoemjyKtoif;rS 1868 ckESpftwGif;
awmifilwGif A[dkjyKv#uf u&ifjynfajrmufydkif;/ u&ifeDjyn/f
&Srf;jynfta&S@ydkif;ESifhawmifydkif;odk@ omoemjyKcJhaomfvnf; 1890 cktxd rnfonhf &GmrS
twnfwus ausmif;xdkifaexdkifjcif; r&dScJhay? 1892 ckwGif yD;aromo emtoif;rS
bkef;awmf}uD;wyg;jzpfaom Fr. Antonio Guzzuloni onf awmifilodk@a&muf&dSvm+yD;
xdkrSwqifh u&ifeDjynf/ z±kqdkòrd@e,f/ qdkvsm;ul;odk@ 1893 ck/ rwfv 15 &ufae@wGif
=uGa&mufum oDwif;pwifokH;cJhonf? xdkae@&uftm; u&ifeDjynfwGif
uufovpfomoemawmf pwifonhfae@tjzpf owfrSwfonf? qdkvsm;ul;onf xdktcsdefu
tdrfajc (100) ausmf&dSum vlOD;a&rsm;aom &Gmjzpf+yD; a&/ ajr=oZmaumif;onhf
ae&mjzpfojzifh bkef;awmf}uD; &Gmol}uD; vl&,fxH aexdkif&ef cGifhawmif;cJhonf? &Gmol}uD;rSm
t&yfaxmifaxmif/ rkwfqdwfarG; rJeuf xlxyfonhf bkef;awmf}uD;udk=unhfum
a=umuf&GH@aoma=umihf aexdkifcGifhjyKoihfroihf armif;xkum &Gmom;rsm;udk
pka0;wdkifyifcJhonf? pum;raygufjyefojzifh twlvdkufyg vmonhf a*bm;vlrsKd;tDzJrS
bmomjyefay;cJhonf? bkef;awmf}uD;tm; vufcHrnfqdkygu uav;rsm;twGuf ynma&;/
&yf&Gmusef;rma&;ESifh vlr_a&; wdk;wufvmrnhftjyif Armpum;/ t*Fvdyfpum;rsm;yg
wwfajrmufvmrnfjzpf a=umif; tDzJrS &Sif;jycJhonf? xdkaemuf bkef;awmf}uD;udk
aexdkifcGifhjyKcJhonfh yxrqkH;ae &mjzpfcJhonf? bkef;awmf}uD;rS uav;rsm;udk rkef@/
o=um;vkH;rsm;jzifh acsmharmh+yD; a*bm;pmudk oifay;cJhonf? &yf&GmwGif;jzpfyGm;aom
r_cif;rsm;udk 0ifa&mufem;axmifavh&dS+yD; ajz&Sif;ay;onf? jypf'%faiGrsm; ay;aqmif&ygu
bkef;awmf}uD;rS pdkufay;avh&dSonf? pdkufay;aom jypf'%fctjzpf ydEéJyif/ 0g;&kH/
ajruGufrsm;udk ay;=u&onf? &Gmol§om;tchsKdudk aq;a=umjcif;ay;cJhonf?
bkef;awmf}uD;onf qdkvsm;ul;wGif 1893 rS 1900 ckESpftxd 7-ESpfwdkifoD wif;okH;cJhonf?
q&mawmf E. Sagrada onf auaumESifh [dk,m wdkufe,fwGif
omoemjyKcJhonhfwdkif twnfwus oDwif;okH;cJhjcif;r&dSbJ e,fajrtajctaeESifh
a'ocHvlrsKd;wdk@. "avh,Ofaus;r_ wdk@udk avhvmcJhonfrSm 1893 ckESpftxdjzpf onf? Fr
Villa onf 1870-1880 ckESpft=um; a'ga&mclodk@ t}udrf}udrf a&muf cJhonf?
vdk'DtmclwGif ar#mfrSef;oavmuf vkyfief;wdk;wufr_ r&&dSojzifh u,ef;vlrsKd; rsm; aexdkif&m
a'ga&mclodk@ OD;vSnhfcJhonf? a&muf&dSpwGif rkwfqdwfarG;&Snf EdkifiHjcm;om;udk &Gmom;rsm;u
bDvl;[kxifum a=umuf&GH@=uonf? vufcH{nhf0wf jyKjcif; rjyK&J=ubJ vlraeaom
&Gmab;tdrfwvkH;wGif wnf;cdktem;,lcJhonf? twlygvmaom "rRq&m rS bkef;awmf}uD;rSm
bk&m;ocif. vljzpfa=umif;/ aexdkif cGifhjyKygu &Gmom;rsm; todynmwdk;yGm; vmatmif
oif=um;ay;rnfjzpfa=umif; &Sif;jycJhaomfvnf; rnfolr#emcHjcif; r&dScJhay? 'kwd,
t}udrftjzpf 1878 ckESpfwGif Fr Villa onf armifyavh&GmrS "rRq&m 2-OD;jzifh
a'ga&mclodk@ xyfrHa&muf &dSvmonf? bkef;awmf}uD;tm; tdrfay:wGif {nhfcHxm;aomfvnf;
rkwfqdwf&Snf/ zdeyf &SnfpD;xm;aom bkef;awmf}uD;tm; vlpifppfr[kwf[kqdk+yD;
tem;ruyf0Hh=uay? bkef;awmf}uD;rS zl;y&dkplaetdrfwGif wnf;cdk+yD; tpm/ a&rsm;udk
vuf[efjy awmif;pm; jcif;jyKcJh&m &Gmom;rsm;rSm bDvl;r[kwfbJ vlpifppfjzpfa=umif;
oabmaygufvm =u+yD; tem;uyfvm=uonf? Fr Villa onf 1899 ck/ 'DZifbmv 4
&ufae@wGif ysHvGefawmfrlonf?
1907 ckESpfwGif bkef;awmf}u;D Fr. Paolo Manna onf a'ga&mclrSwqifh
vdGKifaumfodk@ =uGa&mufvmonf? xdktcdsefu vdGKifaumfrSm uEWm&0wD. òrd@awmf
rjzpfao;bJ òrd@awmfrSm apmvkHjzpfum apmzsmcGefeefrS tkyfpdk;v#uf&dSonf? 1851 ckwGif
armifyavh&Gmodk@ bkef;awmf }uD; Fr. Casere Rubesti =uGa&mufoDwif;okH;cJhonf?
bkef;awmf}uD;onf udkqdkvdkacsmif;jzwful; &mwGif a&epfuG,fvGefcJhojzifh bkef;awmf}uD; Fr.
Maria Gustavo rS qufvufausmif;xdkifcJhonf? tqdkyg bkef;awmf}uD;
usef;rma&;raumif;ojzifh bkef;awmf}u;D Fr. P. Manna =uGa&mufoDwif;okH;cJhonf?
1916 ckwGif rdkqdkodk@ bkef;awmf}u;D Fr. Bosano a&muf&dSoDwif;okH; cJhonf?
bkef;awmf}uD; rvm a&mufrD tDzJqdkolrS uufovpfomoemw&m;awmfudk a[majymoGef
oifcJhonf [k qdkonf? xdkumvrwdkifrD q&mawmf}u;D Bp. Rocco Tornatore onf
bkef;awmf }uD;b0wGif rdkqdkudk =uGa&mufvnfygwfcJh&m &Gmol}uD;u bkef;awmf}uD; tm;
zrf;qD;um 0uf+cHxJ avSmifxm;cJhonf? auaumwGif q&mawmf}uD; E. Sagrada
+yD;aemuf Fr. Pacti rS 1903 ckwGif ausmif;xdkifonf? 1923 ckwGif Fr. Bossi ESifh
Fr. Mora wdk@vSnhfvnf+yD; {0Ha*vd a[m=um;cJhonf? qdkvsm;ul;odk Fr. Antonio
Cazzulni rS 1893 ckESpfwGif oDwif;okH;onf? [dk,modk Fr. Pacati Cristorero rS
1903 ckwGif4if;/ a'ga&mclodk Fr. B. Peano rS 1906 ckwGif4if;/ rdkqdkodk Fr. Bossi
Rineldo rS 1916 ckwGif4if;/ vdGKifaumfodk Fr. B Peano rS 1933 ckwGif4if;/
auaumodk Fr. Santino Bianchini rS 1934 ckwGif4if;/ armfcsD;odk Fr. Peano rS
1935 ckwGif4if;/ a'gvapmodk Fr. Paul Sedi rS 1947 ckwGif4if;/ &Sm;awmodk Fr.
Vergera Mario rS 1947 ckwGif4if;/ z&lqdkodk Fr. L. Calbusera rS 1950 ckwGif4if;
=uGa&muf oDwif;okH;cJhonf?