Abu Dhabi Architectural

Façade Design Manual

Version 1.0 - 2022
 Mandate of the Department of
Municipalities and transport

The Department of Municipalities and Transport was established by Law No. 30 of 2019, and its main
priorities are to realize the vision of the leadership which draws on the vision of the UAE’s Founding
Father, the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan to embrace progress by placing great value on the
importance of pursuing development in line with both the needs of present and future generations and
the community in general.

The authority embodies the values of good governance, driven by the needs of the community it
serves and working with a passion to accomplish its aims. The Department focuses on finding the
most effective means of providing essential, modern, responsive and comprehensive municipal
services across three regional municipalities, and supports Abu Dhabi’s global position as a leader in
innovation-led urban planning and transportation, as part of the Abu Dhabi government’s commitment
to maintaining the highest standards to the benefit of all citizens and residents of the emirate.

The DMT is responsible for continually investing in the development of better infrastructure, facilities
and transportation sectors within the emirate, guiding, regulating and monitoring urban development
to enhance Abu Dhabi’s reputation as a world-class destination to live, work and visit.

The DMT also ensures the highest standards of safety, security, sustainability and technological
development of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi’s land, air and maritime transport networks, in accordance
with the highest international standards and the UAE’s legislation with the objective of being the
region’s connection to the world.

The Department’s aspirations are driven by the simple proposition of innovating and building
sustainable smart cities, fostering a capacity to change and adapt in order to maintain excellence in
services and sustaining prosperity for future generations, allowing the entire Abu Dhabi community to
reach their full potential.
For more information about DMT’s recent updates, follow us on:
Twitter @AbudhabiDMT

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Facebook facebook.com/@AbudhabiDMT
 Chairman Foreword

Throughout history, architecture has stood as a representation of society, reflecting the values,
successes, and rise of civilizations. From the monumental structures to the residences and buildings
that make up the fabric of a city, which will be our nation’s unspoken success story to the world and
future generations.

By studying the built environment of the past, combined with modern psychological and environmental
research, DMT and its affiliates are working together to understand the effects of architecture on people
in an entirely new way, and how architecture impacts society, allowing us to follow our leadership’s
vision towards the realisation of great projects that shape the magnificent skyline of Abu Dhabi

Today, we share with you the “Abu Dhabi Architectural façade Design Manual”, to be an integrated
reference for developers, private and government entities, as well as everyone in our emirates to
be part of our urban development, to help unify the efforts of all in designing the characteristics of
the emirate of Abu Dhabi, and to highlight the cultural details that reflect our heritage and vision for
the next fifty years, promoting Abu Dhabi's distinctive global position as the best place to live and
work, because architecture is more than just the built environment, it is also a part of our culture. It
represents the way we see ourselves and the world.

Falah Al Ahbabi
Chairman of the Department of Municipalities and Transport (DMT)
Table of
contents
1. User Guide 3
1.0 Introduction 6
1.1 Overarching Purpose 8
1.2 User Applicability 9
1.3 Geographical Jurisdiction 10
1.4 Technical Jurisdiction 12
1.5 Process 16

2. Design Principles and Guidelines 22

2.0 Introduction 23
2.1 Architectural Façade Design Principles 24
2.2 Lighting 64
2.3 Wayfinding Signage 68

Appendix a: Evaluation MatriCes 72

Introduction 73
Evaluation Matrix - Villas 74
Evaluation Matrix - Buildings 78
Evaluation Matrix - Towers 82

Appendix B: Glossary 86
1
user
guide
Introduction 1.0

Purpose 1.1

User Applicability 1.2

Geographical Jurisdiction 1.3

Technical Jurisdiction 1.4

Process 1.5
 PREPARING FOR THE
FUTURE – NEAR OR FAR –
STARTS TODAY,
NOT TOMORROW
The late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Founding Father of the UAE
1
Introduction

Façade composition for windows: Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi

With a clear vision, a coherent plan of action can
be taken.
Over the past few decades, Abu Dhabi Emirate has
witnessed a rapid pace of development transforming it
from a desert into its current global state.
Abu Dhabi is currently in a unique position to harness
its growth potential, an­
d continue building upon its
successes in making use of its progressive momentum
to ensure its city image matches its current global status.
This is a crucial time for Abu Dhabi to evaluate, identify,
and progress its unique city image.
The Abu Dhabi Architectural Façade Design Manual
(referred to as 'Manual') comes forward as a stepping
stone in the leadership's effort to help shape a city image
that our future generations would not only be proud of,
but would also feel a greater sense of belonging to. That
city image should stand out both at the regional and the
global scale.
The initial stages of this effort seeks to enhance the
architectural image of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi through
the introduction of this Manual, setting forth guiding
Architectural Façade Design Principles for the most
common building typologies within the Emirate - namely
Villas, Buildings and Towers.
 Vernacular façade treatment: Qasr-Al-Hosn, Abu Dhabi

VISION Statement
'Enhancing Abu Dhabi’s architectural image to become more distinctive and
attractive, while nurturing the community’s sense of architectural aesthetics.'

OVERARCHING Objectives
The following are the primary objectives of this Manual:

01
To enhance the architectural image of the
02
To nurture the community’s sensibility
most common building typologies within towards good design and architectural
the Emirate - namely the Villas, Buildings aesthetics.
and Towers.
1.1
OVERARCHING
purpose
One Predominant Material: Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi

The Department of Municipalities and Transport (DMT) has established this Manual with the purpose of
enhancing the architectural image for any new construction or renovation of most common building types
within the Emirate of Abu Dhabi - namely Villas, Buildings and Towers.

The purpose of this Manual is to:

• Outline specific Architectural Façade Design Principles, in addition to Lighting and Wayfinding Signage
guidelines to be implemented on building typologies mentioned above.

• Introduce the Architectural Review Committee (ARC), and the related review process.

• Introduce the relevant evaluation matrices.

acronyms

ARC: Architectural Review Committee

DMT: Department of Municipalities and Transport

NOC: No Objection Certificate

1.2
user
applicability

This Manual is intended for the following

user groups:

• Consultants (architects, engineers, and

other specialists)
• Developers
• Municipalities
• Clients / Owners
 AL DHAFRAH

The Abu Dhabi Architectural Façade Design

Manual is applicable throughout the three
regions of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.
1.3
Geographical
jurisdiction

al ain

abu dhabi
1.4 Residential Villa

Technical Jurisdiction
1.4.1 Plot Allocation

A building façade design review, based on

the principles and guidelines of this Manual, is
conducted for the following allocation types:
• Investment
• Commercial
• Any other allocation types added by DMT in
the future.

* This manual can be used as a guiding tool to design

buildings not included in the technical juristiction. Mixed Use Building
1.4.2 Building Typologies

Villas

• Single plots commonly enclosed by walls or

fences. 1-3

• Commercial Villas.
• Between one to three storeys in height.

Buildings
4 - 10
• Mixed use including, commercial, investment,
residential or office spaces.
• Between four to 10 storeys in height.

Towers

• Mixed use including, commercial, investment,

residential or office spaces.
• Between 11 to 25 storeys in height.
11 - 25

* Towers above 25 storeys are not included in this

manual. However, this manual can be used as a guideline
for their design.
1.4.3 Applicability

All design proposals for building typologies within the applicability of this Manual, whether they are new
buildings or for upgrading/refurbishing/renovating existing ones shall consider the principles in this chapter
and will be reviewed by the ARC during the permitting process.

An NOC from the ARC shall be obtained by the owner for the following project types:

• Newly designed Investment Villas, Buildings, and Towers.

• Additions or alterations to villas, buildings, or towers that impact exterior elevations or façade aesthetics.

• Any project executing a façade upgrade such as renovations, rehabilitations, or reconfigurations of the
exterior façade elevations, including:

• Renovation/rehabilitation of entire building façade.

• Construction or renovation within the interface, such as fences or perimeter walls.

1.4.4 Jurisdiction Limitations

Buildings within the following plot allocations are excluded from this Manual, however, the ARC still
reviews their façade designs and issues NOCs based on their respective manuals and regulations as per the
permitting process:

• Public buildings (including, cultural, religious, healthcare, governmental, and educational).

• Utility.

Buildings within the following plot allocations are excluded from this Manual, and DO NOT require an NOC
from the ARC during their permitting process:

• Residential.
• Recreational (i.e.: parks, playgrounds).
• Public Open Space.
• Industrial.
• Agricultural.
• In addition to buildings within developments that have guidelines which have been approved by the
Department of Municipalities and Transport.

Moreover, the following project types are excluded from this Manual, and DO NOT require an NOC from
the ARC during their permitting process:

• Changes to the interior of existing buildings.

• Routine repair or maintenance of the building’s exterior, including, like-kind, replacement of doors,
windows, fencing/walls, and roofs, with minimal changes to colors and materials (Amendment to the
building's façade are subject to review by the architectural engineer to assess whether or not the update
needs to go through the ARC).
• Landscaping.
1.5 3D Visualization of Residential Villa

Process
1.5.1 Architectural Review Committee

A. What is the Architectural Review Committee (ARC)?

ARC comprises of selected staff members overlooking
the regions of Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, and Al Dhafra, who
shall be responsible for the review process.

B. What is the purpose of ARC?

ARC has been established to provide an objective
evaluation process to assess proposed architecture
exterior façade for the most common building typologies
within the Emirate - namely Villas, Buildings and Towers
regarding:

• Compliance with the Abu Dhabi Architectural Façade 3D Visualization of Mixed Use Building
Design Manual.
• Ensuring aesthetic quality and coherence.
• Preventing the construction of poorly designed
buildings.
• Supporting innovative and high-quality designs.
• Enhancing the architectural image of Abu Dhabi, Al
Ain, and Al Dhafra.

C. When is the ARC No Objection Certificate (NOC)

required?
The ARC NOC is part of the Preliminary Planning and
Concept Approval Stage in the Municipality building
permits process.
Abu Dhabi Architectural façade design Manual | Department of Municipalities and Transport 15

1.5.1 Architectural Review Committee (cont.)

D. What are the required documents to obtain the ARC No Objection Certificate for villas, buildings and towers?

# Document Description

Project summary page describing the following:

• Design brief.
• Plot regulation requirements.
1 Project Summary
• Project scope.
• Architectural style, proposed materials descriptions and color palettes.
• Lighting design description and purpose, and an explanation on how it enhances the architecture.

2 Context Photos of surrounding context including adjacent plots and buildings.

Proposed Site Plan with north arrow, showing:

• Building orientation with solar movement and prevailing wind direction.
• Boundary wall location .
• Car park.
3 Site Plan
• Entry path.
• Surrounding plots, streets and street furniture.
• Provide the façades on the site plan with numbers that reflect the number of elevations and rendering
façades.

4 Floor Plans Floor plans with primary dimensions.

The main façade's elevation demonstrating the following:

• Proposed materials and colors.
• Dimensions.
5 Elevations
• Roofline levels in addition to the roof top screening design.
• Notes describing exterior finishes, windows, openings and wayfinding signage.
• Percentage of glass used in the building's façade.

Day and night renderings showing all façades including perimeter walls/fences (renderings may be of
6 Renderings
aerial view, primary street view, or both).

7 Evaluation Matrix A completed evaluation matrix (select relevant typology: Villa, Building, Tower).
1.5.2 Codes and Standards

The ARC shall evaluate each project proposal per this Manual with consideration given to unique project
requirements and conditions.
To obtain the other necessary preliminary approvals and NOCs for the construction or renovation of a
villa, building and tower, the applicant shall comply with all required and applicable codes, standards and
guidelines which are audited by the relevant entities/departments.
The following list of manuals is not exhaustive:

Abu Dhabi International Abu Dhabi International Abu Dhabi International

Building Code Accessibility Standards Property Maintenance
Code

Estidama Pearl Public Realm & Street Roofscape Manual

Building Rating System Lighting

Urban Street Design Street Addressing System Commercial Signage

Manual Manual Regulations

The standards and requirements of the Department of Culture and Tourism must be complied with for
buildings within the World Heritage Sites Buffer Zone and the Overlay Area - Historical and Cultural
Resources, and any building on the List of Modern Heritage.
2
design principles
and guidelines
2.0 Introduction

2.1 Architectural Façade Design Principles

2.2 Lighting

2.3 Wayfinding Signage

2.0
introduction
This chapter provides a set of guiding Architectural
Façade Design Principles for the most common
building typologies present in Abu Dhabi
Emirate, Villas, Buildings, and Towers. It also sets
forth design guidelines and recommendations
relating to the Façade Lighting and Wayfinding
Signage for the same building typologies.

It acts as a tool that is meant to assist all building

owners, architects, designers, and consultants in
creating good quality designs that add positive
visual impact to the whole city image. This tool
will also be used in the reviewing and evaluating
process of all applicable building permit
submissions, whether it be submissions for new
buildings or for refurbishing/renovating existing
ones.

The design principles and guidelines presented

in this Manual are not exhaustive, and therefore,
the designers/consultants are encouraged to
apply other design principles that may further
enhance their proposals.
Towers
2.1
Architectural Façade design principles

The Architectural Façade Design Principles outlined in this section are categorized under seven different topics
and are intended to ensure that the architectural image of buildings within the previously defined typologies are
achieving good quality designs.

These Architectural Façade Design Principles cover the following topics:

.1 Context .2 Scale Proportion

and Rhythm .3 Interface

.4 Simplicity .5 Culture .6 Materiality

.7 Climate

1. Context
Existing buildings, streetscape and landscaping establish the
local context frame of reference for the design of new buildings
and renovation or upgrades of existing ones.
New or renovated architectural structures should appropriately
respond to the existing conditions within their local and
regional context.
Design proposals are advised to take the following into
consideration:
1.1. Creating harmony between the building and its
immediate local context through the scale, color palettes
and interface designs.
1.2. Providing a design that reacts to the building's plot
location, especially if the plot is located on a corner or a
main street.
1.3. Considering the effect the building's design has on the
skyline.
context
Context (General)1: The interrelated conditions
in which something exists or occurs.
Local Context: The immediate surroundings of a
specific project site.
Context (Architecture): The physical
characteristics of the natural or built
environment within which a structure, building,
plot or development is located.
Cultural Context2: The environment or situation
that is relevant to the beliefs, values and
practices of the culture under study.
Regional Context: The broader area of the gulf
coast countries and middle eastern architecture
styles.
1. “Context.” The Merriam-Webster.com
Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Inc., https://www.
merriam-webster.com/dictionary/context.
Accessed 22 November 2019.
2. “Cultural Context” (n.d.) American Heritage®
Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth
Edition. (2011). Retrieved November 22 2019
from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/
cultural+contex
1.1 Creating harmony between the building and its immediate local context through the scale, color palettes and
interface designs.

The design of the building's Façade does not react to it's

surrounding context and subsequently overwhelms the smaller The buildings' scales are complementary to one another and
scale neighboring buildings. positively contribute to the existing context.
1.2 Providing a design that reacts to the building's plot location, especially if the plot is located in a corner or a
main street.

The design fails to respond to the plot's location on a road The unified rich pattern used in the Façade design achieves
junction and therefore achieves no valuable significance within a great level of visual significance, accentuating the plot's
its context. location.
2. Scale, Proportion and Rhythm 2.3. Exhibiting clear definition of the base, middle, and
top/roof parts of the buildings and towers in their
Scale, Proportion and Rhythm are important design design as shown in the illustration below.
techniques that create harmony and balance in
2.4. Grouping and arranging the architectural elements
the building masses and façades when applied
including any patterns to form a clear rhythm.
appropriately.

Scale refers to the size and dimensions of a structure

compared to a reference standard or the size and
dimensions of another object.

Proportion is the relationship between the different

parts or the distance between intervals or elements.

Rhythm occurs when there is a certain pattern of

placement of one or several elements in the design,
whether that pattern is regular or not. Rhythm relates
to the principle of proportion through repetition or
diversity.

In order to achieve good Scale, Proportion and

Rhythm, design proposals are advised to take the Appropriately sizing and scaling different parts of the building

following into consideration:

2.1. Ensuring the application of human-scale

principles to the size and dimensions of the
building's massing and architectural elements.

2.2. Appropriately sizing and scaling the different

parts of the building in relation to one another,
thereby best reflecting the functions of the
specific internal parts of the structure.
Regular arrangement of the architectural elements

Building base Building middle Building roof/top

Pairing and grouping of the architectural elements Repetitive and consistent spacing of the architectural elements
2.1 Ensuring the application of human-scale principles to the size and dimensions of the building's massing and
architectural elements.

No consideration is given to the human-scale in the design of Architectural elements such as balcony railings, screens, and
the central mass and ground floor of the building, resulting in openings are appropriately scaled and are considerate to the
lack of clarity of the building's entrances. human-scale.
2.2 Appropriately sizing and scaling the different parts of the building in relation to one another, thereby best
reflecting the functions of the specific internal parts of the structure.

The massing is very rigid and does not seem to reflect any of the
internal functions of the building or give any significance to the The massing is well articulated and reflects the internal
entrances. functions of the building.
2.3 Exhibiting clear definition of the base, middle, and top/roof parts of the buildings and towers in their design as
shown in the illustration below.

The building fails to exhibit a clear definition of the base, Clear definition of the base, middle, and top/roof parts of the
middle, and top/roof parts. building.

The building fails to exhibit a clear definition of the base and Clear definition of the base, middle, and top/roof parts of the
seems to abruplty meet the ground. building.
2.4 Grouping and arranging the architectural elements including any patterns to form a clear rhythm.

No clear rhythm is present as each part of the building is The windows and balconies are grouped in a manner that
treated differently. creates a clear and simple rhythm in the Façade.

No clear rhythm is present as each part of the building is Clear rhythm is achieved in the Façade through the repetitive
treated differently. use of the windows, balconies, and architectural features.
3. Interface
The interface is the area or the manner in which
the structure meets directly with its surroundings,
and the public realm. The interface contains several
elements, which may include, but not limited to:

• Any Façades of the building located on the plot

Effectively transitioning from boundary walls to public realm
boundary.

• The perimeter wall.

• Entrances (pedestrian and vehicular).

• Columns, arcades, domes and archways.

• Any planting (landscaping), fences or screening.

• Façades of electricity rooms/utility facilities.

In order to achieve a successfully designed

interface, design proposals are advised to take the
following into consideration:

3.1. Ensuring a good level of harmony between all

interface elements with the streets, footpaths,
roads and spaces surrounding the plot.

3.2. Animating or activating the interface to ensure

an attractive appearance and appropriate
integration with the public realm.

Designing ground floor units to appropriate sizes and openings

In addition, the following design considerations are recommended for the specific building typologies:
Villas:
• Effectively transition the boundary wall design
with the adjacent plots boundary walls by
responding to their character, style and height.
• Clearly define the entrances on the boundary wall,
design them with a scale and style appropriate for
the villa design and locate them safely separated
from any vehicular driveways.
• Create openings, such as doorways and windows,
in the interface wall, for any Majlis that sits directly
at the plot boundary.
• Using planting (landscaping) and fencing/
screening along the plot limits as means to
integrate with the immediate surroundings.
Buildings and Towers:
• Clearly define, identify and distinguish the
building’s primary entrance and make it clearly
visible from the street, and of an appropriate
scale.
• Level entrances with the footpath adjoining the
street and provide pedestrian friendly transitions
with the adjacent plots.
• Design the ground level in a way that maximizes
opportunities to engage the pedestrians and
enable an active and vibrant street frontage.
• Design any ground floor commercial spaces to
have appropriately sized store openings and
clearly identified areas to accommodate their
required commercial signage on the façade.
• Coherently design the off-plot space to create
smooth transitions to the public realm.
• Apply universal design/accessibility measures to
ensure accessibility to all users.
• Integrate utilities and plant rooms into the
building, place them on less active parts of the
building’s façade, and appropriately screen them
from public view.
3.1 Ensuring a good level of harmony between all interface elements with the streets, footpaths, roads and spaces
surrounding the plot.

The mix of openings, balconies, half-open street fence and

The utility and plant rooms are placed on a highly visible Façade landscape elements ensure appropriate integration between
and poorly identify the building's main entrance. the interface and public realm.
3.2 Animating or activating the interface to ensure an attractive appearance and appropriate integration with the
public realm.

The use of opaque materials diminishes the opportunity for any The use of the colonnade positively contributes to the quality
engagement with the public realm on the ground level. of the public realm.
4. Simplicity
Simplicity calls for the use of meaningful and
purposeful architectural elements, and refraining from
the use of pastiche ones that have no real association
to the design. Simplicity also means minimizing the
number of types used of these elements in the design.

Applying Simplicity throughout the design would

ensure that all elements have a chance to stand out
and add aesthetic value to the structure as a whole.
Otherwise it may result in all elements competing
for attention, and such visual clutter would make it
difficult to take notice of and value each element’s
distinct aesthetics.

To achieve a good degree of Simplicity, design

proposals are advised to take the following into
consideration:

4.1. Maintaining the use of a single architectural style

in the detailing of all elements within the design.

4.2. Minimizing the number of types of windows,

balconies, wall recesses and arches used in the
design.
Maintaining the use of a single architectural style

4.3. Refraining from the use of pastiche motifs and

ornamentation that have no real association to
the design.

4.4. Minimizing the number of types of motifs and

ornamentation used in the design.

4.5. Using appropriate colors and minimizing the

number of predominant colors used in the
Façade design.
Minimizing the number of predominant colors in the design

Minimizing the types of windows and recesses Minimizing the type of balconies used in the design
4.1 Maintaining the use of a single architectural style in the detailing of all elements within the design.

A mixture of elements from different architectural styles are A single architectural style is used throughout the design of the
used in the Façade design. building's façade.
4.2 Minimizing the number of types of windows, balconies, wall recesses and arches used in the design

A high number of types of windows and openings are used in Typical types of windows, balconies, and wall recesses are used
the Façade design. consistently in the design.
4.3 Refraining from the use of pastiche motifs and ornamentation that have no real association to the design.

Excessive use of pastiche motifs and ornamentation in the

Façade and interface design.

Excessive use of pastiche motifs and ornamentation in the Motifs and ornamentation are used appropriately to highlight
Façade and interface design. the windows and to create simple details.
4.4 Minimizing the number of types of motifs and ornamentation used in the design.

Large number of motifs and ornamentations are used in the A minimal number of motifs and ornamentations are used
design resulting in a clutter in the building Façades. consistently in the design.
4.5. Using appropriate colors and minimizing the number of predominant colors used in the Façade design.

Using a wide range of colors with inappropriately dark tones in Using appropriate colors and maintaining a minimal number of
the Façade design. predominant colors in the Façade design.
5. Culture
As per the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Culture is
"the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual
and emotional features of society or a social group,
that encompasses, not only art and literature, but
lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems,
traditions and beliefs".

As architecture is meant to be occupied and used by

a specific group of people or society – such as the
citizens of Abu Dhabi Emirate in this case – it has to
respond to their culture.

To achieve culturally sensitive designs, proposals

Responding to local values by maintaining privacy
are advised to take the following into consideration:

5.1. Responding to the local cultural values, such as

the valuation of privacy for certain indoor spaces,
which may be achieved through the appropriate
design of screening, massing and form.

5.2. When using a local traditional architectural style,

traditional elements need to respond to the
context, be relevant to the building usage, and
integrate harmoniously and purposefully into
the design. Traditional vernacular architectural
elements reflecting Abu Dhabi’s local culture
include, but are not limited to:

• Layering of thresholds between the public and

private realm.
• Detail on and around entrances.
• Arches, beams, corbels and lintels.
• Cornices and parapets.
• Projecting beams.
• Detail to doors, windows and shutters.
• Texture, patterns and color.
• Screening.
Use of screens and partitions to maintain privacy Traditional architectural elements in Qasr Al Hosn
5.1 Responding to the local cultural values, such as the valuation of privacy for certain indoor spaces, which may be
achieved through the appropriate design of screening, massing and form.

Orientation of balconies maintains privacy for all residents while Façade minimizes exposed windows and provides screening in
providing them with line of sight to the view. order to maintain privacy.

Façade provides shading and protection to the windows as Orientation of balconies, depth of fenestration, and their
well as privacy for internal spaces. dimensions provide privacy to the internal spaces of the building.
5.2 When using a local traditional architectural style, traditional elements need to respond to the context, be
relevant to the building usage, and integrate harmoniously and purposefully into the design.

Local traditional elements are integrated harmoniously into the Use of traditional architectural elements with modern interpretation
design. that adds an aesthetic value and serves a function (shading).

Local traditional elements are integrated harmoniously into the Local traditional elements are integrated harmoniously into the
design. design.
6. Materiality
In the past, architecture was highly limited by its local
resourcing of materials. Materiality, therefore, had a
very big role to play in the development of architectural
styles and characters around the world. Abu Dhabi today
is globally connected, and all materials are more or less
available for the industry to use in creating its modern day
structures.
Materiality covers materials, textures and colors. Therefore,
to achieve sensible materiality, design proposals are
advised to take the following into consideration:
6.1. Using appropriate and durable materials, and suitable
textures and colors, that are suitable to their context
and building function.
6.2. Selecting materials that prevent glare and reflection.
6.3. Using consistent materials, textures and colors for
each of the architectural elements.
could be applied through the variation of shape, color,
or size. For example, creating contrast between the
color of a window frame and its adjacent walls, which
helps to accentuate the window frame in the design
and enhance the aesthetics of the façade.
6.5. The use of aluminum cladding is discouraged;
however, if used, the following are to be considered
- in addition to the compliance with firefighting
requirements for building façades and structural
safety, and weather conditions protection as per the
Abu Dhabi International Building Code:
• Limiting the use of aluminum cladding materials.
• Using high quality aluminum cladding that prevents
glare, reflection and wobbly effect of uneven tiles.
* Buildings in the city of Al Ain follow the regulations and
guidelines set locally by Al Ain Municipality when it comes
to the use of aluminum cladding in building Façades.

6.4. Choosing materials, textures and colors that create

appropriate contrast between the different parts
of the structure to enhance its visual appearance.
Contrast is used to highlight a particular architectural
element and make it a point of interest or focus by
contrasting with one or more elements around it. It

Window frames Screenings Balconies

One predominant
material on the Façade. Choosing materials, textures and colors that create appropriate contrast.
Using consistent materials and textures for different elements Minimizing the number of primary materials

Use of high quality aluminium that prevents glare Selecting materials that prevent glare or reflection
6.1 Using appropriate and durable materials, and suitable textures and colors, that are suitable to their context and
building function.

Using Glass Reinforced Concrete on the Façade which

Using low quality materials (glass and aluminum) for cladding
provides long-term durability to the building and protects the
the Façade.
glazing from rainfall and direct sunlight.
6.2 Selecting materials that prevent glare and reflection.

Using highly-reflective screening material on the Façade with Using appropriate materials for the glazing and cladding that
an inappropriate color. do not cause any glare.

Using reflective glass that causes glare, and reflective metal Using appropriate materials that do not cause any glare, for
for the window frames and railings. the glazing, screening, and cladding.
6.3 Using consistent materials, textures and colors for each of the architectural elements.

Random use of the materials throughout the Façade design Consistent use of the materials throughout the Façade, and the
with no clear hierarchy or consistency. use of colors to define specific elements within the massing.

Using a foreign material and texture (stone) solely for the

building's entrance without any harmony or consistency with Consistent use of materials and textures throughout the
the rest of the Façade (glass and aluminum). Façade.
2.1 Architectural Façade Design Principles

6.4 Choosing materials, textures and colors that create appropriate contrast between the different parts of the
structure to enhance its visual appearance.

Contrast created by the commercial shop front is not appropriate Creating contrast between different parts of the structure
and does not enhance the visual appearance of the building. through the use of different materials.

No contrast is created in the Façade since the only material used Creating contrast between the walls of the Façade and the
is glass for both cladding and the railing. balconies by using appropriate colors and textures.
6.5 The use of aluminum cladding is discouraged; however, if used, the following are to be considered:

• Limiting the use of aluminum cladding materials.

• Using high quality aluminum cladding that prevents glare, reflection and wobbly effect of uneven tiles.

* Buildings in the city of Al Ain follow the regulations and guidelines set locally by Al Ain Municipality when it comes
to the use of aluminum cladding in building Façades.

Using aluminum cladding to feature specific elements in the

Fully cladding the entire Façade with aluminum.
Façade and massing design.

Using non-reflective aluminum cladding with good

construction technique, and limiting its use to highlight
Using highly-reflective aluminum cladding.
specific elements and features in the design.
7. Climate
The Climate has always had a direct impact on
architectural design, as one of architecture’s
primary purposes is to house people in a safe
environment and protect them from the weather
conditions. Successful architectural designs are
therefore considerate and effectively responsive to
the environmental conditions specific to their sites.
New building technologies have allowed buildings
to be completely indifferent to their climatic
settings, but they do so at the expense of wasteful
high energy consumption during their lifetime.
Climate-responsive designs are ultimately better
for the environment, save its inhabitants and users
on energy expenditure, and generally result in a
better comfort level than their counterparts.
To achieve climate-responsive and sustainable
designs, proposals are advised to take the
following into consideration:
7.1. Orientating the building in relation to the sun
and wind to minimize solar exposure and heat
gain, and to maximize natural air ventilation
and consider passive cooling (No examples
are displayed in the following pages as this is
a site planning exercise).
7.2. Avoiding the excessive use of glazing,
and responding to the specific façade’s
orientation and internal function in deciding
on the glazing percentages (i.e. maintaining
the use of glazed surfaces with a reasonable
area on the northern façade, smaller area on
the southern façade, and minimal area on the
eastern and western façades.)
7.3. Using light-colored paint or finishes on the
majority of solid surfaces of the façades
exposed to the sun, to increase solar
reflectivity and reduce solar heat gain.
7.4. Using soft surfaces in humid regions of the
emirate to encourage the process of natural
airflow.
7.5. Using external shading elements such as
louvers, screening, shutters, deep reveals,
balconies, and canopies, especially on glazed
façades with high solar exposure.
7.6. Using shading devices such as colonnades,
canopies, and awnings, to shade and cover
outdoor pedestrian pathways.
Using smart sustainable technologies for external shading Using external shading elements on glazed Façades

Using shutters on windows and openings

7.2 Avoiding the excessive use of glazing, and responding to the specific façade’s orientation and internal function
in deciding on the glazing percentages.

Excessive use of glazing on Façades with high solar exposure. Using screens on Façades with high solar exposure.

Using small openings throughout the Façade to minimize solar

Excessive use of glazing on Façades with high solar exposure.
exposure.
7.3 Using light-colored paint or finishes on the majority of solid surfaces of the façades exposed to the sun, to
increase solar reflectivity and reduce solar heat gain.

Using a black stone finish on the majority of the Façade. Using light colored finishes on the majority of the Façade.
7.4 Using external shading elements such as louvers, screening, shutters, deep reveals, balconies, and canopies,
especially on glazed façades with high solar exposure.

The Façade is very flat which provides no shade to glazed Using balconies and shutters to shade the glazed surfaces of
surfaces. the building.

The Façade is very flat which provides no shade to glazed Using vertical and horizontal recesses, especially at the top of
surfaces. the building to reduce solar exposure.
7.5 Using shading devices such as colonnades, canopies, and awnings, to shade and cover outdoor pedestrian
pathways.

Using screens, archways, recesses, and colonnades to help

reduce solar exposure and provide shade over pedestrian
No shading devices used on the Façade. pathways.

No shading devices used on the Façade. Using screens and recesses to reduce solar exposure.
2.2
lighting
Accent uplights to highlight vertical elements
2.2.1 Introduction

Lighting is used to enhance the way people perceive

and experience architecture. Exterior lighting can
draw attention to a building’s architectural elements,
materials, textures and spaces. Natural and artificial
light can be used as a design element to define space
and impact the visual experience of the architecture.

Proposed designs are to consider the effective use

of lighting to enhance the architectural image and
the context/site experience. To achieve this, design
proposals are advised to take the following into
consideration: Lighting used to highlight feature wall

• Aesthetics (emotional response to lighting).

• Functionality (does the lighting serve a purpose?)

• Efficiency (use of energy-efficient lighting placed in a

manner that does not waste light or pollute the night
sky, or cause any visual disturbance to pedestrians or
motorists).

• Integration (lighting fixtures to be concealed within

architectural elements).
2.2.2 Lighting Types
In order to develop a lighting strategy that enhances the architectural appearance of the façade, design
proposals are advised to take the following into consideration:
Villas:
Illumination of villas may include, but is not
limited to:
• Lighting to identify the villa’s pedestrian and
vehicular entrances.
• Accent (up or down lighting) for screening,
fences and boundary walls.
• Wall and feature elements accent lighting.
• Canopy / shade structure lighting.
• Landscape / trees lighting.
• Footpath lighting.
• Wayfinding signage lighting.
Buildings and Towers:
Illumination of buildings and towers may include, but is not
limited to:
• Lighting to identify the building’s/tower’s pedestrian and
vehicular entrances.
• Accent (up or down lighting) for columns, colonnades and
any vertical/horizontal features in the façade.
• Integration of lighting for retail storefronts into the overall
architectural design.
• Accent lighting to the reveals of windows and balconies of
non-residential buildings.
• Roof line, roof deck and terraces lighting.
• Canopy / shade structure lighting.
• Landscape / trees lighting.
• Footpath lighting.
• Wayfinding signage lighting.
2.2 Lighting Design Principles

• Lighting is focused on elements of the ground floor,

highlighting access points and other points of interest. • Lighting used to highlight architectural features of the
• Lighting used in balconies of residences does not cause building in entrances, promenades, and public spaces.
glare into other units.
2.3
wayfinding signage
Well-designed wayfinding signage assists in enhancing
the user experience in and around any building. It aims
to clearly identify the user’s location within a given
project/building, and guides them throughout to their
desired destination.
Wayfinding signage is generally more applicable
to Buildings and Towers, as Villas tend to be more
private in their usage nature. Accordingly, villas are not
required to adhere to this section of the Manual.
Wayfinding signage for Buildings and Towers may
include, but are not limited to:
• The building’s name.
• The building’s main and secondary entrances.
• Publicly accessible areas of a building, such as stores/
shops, arcades, courtyards, parking and plazas.
• Fire exits (as per the requirements of relevant
entities).
Wayfinding Signage: Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi
Any wayfinding signage used in the design should be well
integrated and in harmony with the overall architectural
design, effectively providing users with the information
required, and are aesthetically appropriate to their
context. In order to achieve this, design proposals are
advised to take the following into consideration:
• Design elements and features may be used to create
wayfinding through the project where possible.
• Universal accessibility measures to be taken into
consideration in designing the wayfinding signage
system.
• Font clarity to be taken into consideration, in terms of
its type size and color.
This section is only applicable for the wayfinding
signage and does not cover commercial signage.
Building signage clear and well integrated in the design
2.3 Wayfinding & Signage Design Principles

• Well integrated and in harmony with the overall architectural design.

• Has clear font in terms of its type, size and color.
• Well illuminated.

• Well integrated and in harmony with the overall architectural design.

• Has clear font in terms of its type, size and color.
2.3 Wayfinding & Signage Design Principles

• Clear and is in harmony with the building's design.

• Well Illuminated.
Appendix - A
evaluation matrices
Evaluation Matrix
VILLA building TOWER
Introduction

ARCHITECTURAL FAçADE DESIGN PRINCIPLES TOPICS

Context - Style, scale and façade design effectively respond to the surrounding buildings and the local and
A
regional context.
Scale, Proportion & Rhythm - Choosing appropriate scaling of massing and architectural forms comparing to
B each other and in reference to the human-scale, and the regular arrangement of façade elements in repetitive
and consistent grouping.
Interface - Using columns, colonnades, doorways, planting (landscaping) and screening with appropriate scale,
C function, appearance, materials and detailing to create a smooth transition between the structure and its
surroundings environment.
Simplicity - Maintaining the use of a single architectural style throughout the design, with minimal, meaningful,
D
and purposeful decorative elements.
Culture - Designing culturally sensitive buildings that respect and value their local culture’s traditions and
E
needs, and careful relevant usage of traditional elements.
Materiality – Durability, relevance and the use of materials, textures and color palettes suitable for the structure’s
F
function and architectural style.
Climate - Applying climate-responsive and sustainable design solutions, such as utilizing orientation, coloring,
G
limiting of glazing, and the use of shading elements and deep reveals.

H Lighting - Using lighting to highlight the architectural aesthetics and provide clear illumination for pedestrians.

Wayfinding signage – Using suitable signs that fit with the architectural style of the building and provide clear
i
wayfinding information to all users.

The Evaluation Matrices shall be used by the ARC as the basis for design submission compliance checking. The
matrices are separated by typology (villas, buildings, towers). Each Evaluation Matrix consists of typology specific
design criteria.

For new building projects, the proposed façade designs will be reviewed in accordance with all the principles
mentioned.

For projects executing a façade upgrade of existing buildings such as renovations, rehabilitations, or reconfigurations
of the exterior façade elevations, or any projects involving additions or modifications affecting the aesthetics of the
Façades, the designs will be reviewed according to the points applicable to this type of projects, as identified in the
evaluation tables.

In addition, the ARC members may modify the list of points that apply to these projects, individually, depending on
the nature of the project and the extent of the upgrade or additions proposed.

To obtain an No Objection Certificate from the ARC, the proposed project must comply with at least 80% of the
points applicable only to that project, regardless of the type of project.

Every submission is required to ensure all criteria has been addressed. Design submissions shall include a fully
completed Evaluation Matrix (typology specific) indicating status of design criteria compliance. Compliance shall
be indicated as follows: Compliant (C), Non-compliant (NC), Not Applicable (NA). The submission must include
validation and narrative for any non-compliant criteria.
Evaluation Matrix
VILLA building TOWER
Villas

A CONTEXT COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

Scale, color palettes and interface designs shall take into

A1
consideration the surrounding local context.
The design shall demonstrate special treatments to capture
A2 the plot's specific location (e.g. corner plots, overlooking
open space, end of a vista…)

B SCALE, RHYTHM AND PROPORTION COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The design shall appropriately apply human-scale to its

B1
overall massing and architectural elements.
The building shall have visual richness created by good form
B2 and massing proportions that reflect the internal parts and
various functions.
The architectural elements and/or patterns in the façade and
B3 interface design shall be arranged, grouped and spaced in
such a way that creates a clear rhythm.

C INTERFACE COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The interface design and the architectural details of all of its

C1
elements shall match the architectural style of the villa.
The entrances (pedestrian and vehicular) shall be clearly
C2 identified on the boundary wall and safely separated from
one another.
Elements of the interface shall be designed with an
C3 appropriate size and scale in relation to the building and the
human-scale.
The boundary wall design shall use planting (landscaping) or
C4
fencing/screening to help integrate it with its surroundings.
If visible to public view, utility / plant rooms shall be
C5 integrated into the architectural design and appropriately
screened.
Evaluation Matrix
VILLA building TOWER
Villas Cont.

D SIMPLICITY COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

D1 The design shall reflect a single dominant architectural style.

The façade shall have a minimal number of types for windows,

D2 balconies, wall recesses, arches and other architectural
elements.
The façade shall have a minimal number of types for motifs,
D3
ornamentations and any other decorative elements.
The design shall use a minimal number of predominant
D4
colors in its color palette.

E CULTURE COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

If the design uses any local or regional traditional elements

and decorative features, they shall be appropriately
E1
incorporated into the design and well-placed within the
façade composition.
If the design uses any local or regional traditional elements
E2
and decorative features, they shall have a clear purpose.
The design shall provide the required level of privacy from
E3
the street and adjacent plots.

F MATERIALITY COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The composition of the proposed materials, textures and

F1 colors shall be suitable for the function and architectural
style of the villa.

F2 The materials used shall prevent glare and reflection.

The materials, textures and colors used for the fenestration

F3 elements (windows, doors, openings) shall create a subtle
contrast and visual richness in the façade.
Evaluation Matrix
VILLA building TOWER
Villas Cont.

G CLIMATE COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The design shall consider orientation to minimize solar heat

G1
gain and maximize natural air ventilation.
The design shall use light colors on façades with high solar
G2 exposure, to increase solar reflectivity and reduce solar heat
gain.
The external shading elements such as screening, canopies,
G3 colonnades, balconies, deep fenestrations, and projecting
elements shall be deployed properly to help with shading.

H LIGHTING COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The lighting design and fixtures used shall be complimentary

H1 to the architectural style and help highlight the design’s
aesthetics.
The lighting design shall provide illumination for pedestrian
H2 areas without causing any light pollution or visual disturbance
to both them and motorists alike.
Evaluation Matrix
VILLA building TOWER
Buildings

A CONTEXT COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The scale, color palettes and interface designs shall be

A1 consistent and complementary to the surrounding local
context.
The design shall demonstrate special treatments to capture
A2 the plot's specific location (e.g. corner plots, overlooking
open space, end of a vista…)
The design of the ground floor/base of the structure shall be
responsive to the existing adjacent buildings’ ground floors/
A3
bases in terms of scale, continuity of colonnades, levels,
openness to the street, etc.
The design and architectural style shall represent the
A4
building’s function (residential / commercial).

B SCALE, RHYTHM AND PROPORTION COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The design shall appropriately apply human-scale to its

B1
overall massing and architectural elements.
The building shall have visual richness created by good
B2 form and massing proportions that reflect the internal parts
and various functions.
The architectural elements and/or patterns in the façade
B3 and interface design shall be arranged, grouped and spaced
in such a way that creates a clear rhythm.

C INTERFACE COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The interface design and the architectural details of all of

C1 its elements shall match the overall architectural style of the
building.
The entrances (pedestrian and vehicular) shall be clearly
C2 identified on the Façade and safely separated from one
another.
If used, columns, canopies, shade structures and vaults shall
C3
have a purpose.
Elements of the interface shall be designed with an
C4 appropriate size and scale in relation to the building and the
human-scale.
If visible to public view, utility / plant rooms shall be
C5
integrated into the architecture and appropriately screened.
Evaluation Matrix
VILLA building TOWER
Buildings Cont.

D SIMPLICITY COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

D1 The design shall reflect a single dominant architectural style.

The façade shall have a minimal number of types for windows,

D2 balconies, wall recesses, arches, and other architectural
elements.
The façade shall have a minimal number of types for motifs,
D3
ornamentations and any other decorative elements.
The design shall use a minimal number of predominant
D4
colors in its color palette.

E CULTURE COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

If the design uses any local or regional traditional elements

and decorative features, they shall be appropriately
E1
incorporated into the design and well-placed within the
façade composition.
If the design uses any local or regional traditional elements
E2
and decorative features, they shall have a clear purpose.

F MATERIALITY COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The composition of the proposed materials, textures and

F1 colors shall be suitable for the function and architectural
style of the building.

F2 The materials shall prevent glare and reflection.

The materials, textures and colors used for the fenestration

F3 elements (windows, doors, openings) shall create a subtle
contrast and visual richness in the façade.
If used, aluminum cladding shall be kept to a minimum and
F4
not used as a primary material.

G CLIMATE COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The design shall consider orientation to minimize solar heat

G1
gain and maximize natural air ventilation.
The design shall limit glazing on façades with high solar
G2
exposure (i.e. the Eastern and Western façades.
The design shall use light colors on façades with high solar
G3 exposure, to increase solar reflectivity and reduce solar heat
gain.
The external shading elements such as screening, canopies,
G4 colonnades, balconies, deep fenestrations, and projecting
elements shall be deployed properly to help in shading.
Evaluation Matrix
VILLA building TOWER
Buildings Cont.

H LIGHTING COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The lighting design and fixtures used shall be complimentary

H1 to the architectural style and help highlight the design’s
aesthetics.
The lighting design shall provide illumination for pedestrian
H2 areas without causing any light pollution or visual disturbance
to both them and motorists alike.

I WAYFINDING SIGNAGE COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

If used, wayfinding signs shall be appropriately scaled, well

I1 placed, and are complimentary in design to the building's
architectural style.
Evaluation Matrix
VILLA building TOWER
Tower

A CONTEXT COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The scale, color palettes and interface designs shall be
A1 consistent and complementary to the surrounding local
context.
The design shall demonstrate special treatments to capture
A2 the plot's specific location (e.g. corner plots, overlooking
open space, end of a vista…)
The design of the ground floor/base of the structure shall be
responsive to the existing adjacent buildings’ ground floors/
A3
bases in terms of scale, continuity of colonnades, levels,
openness to the street, etc.
The design and architectural style shall represent the
A4
building’s function (residential / commercial).
B SCALE, RHYTHM AND PROPORTION COMPLIANCE COMMENTS
The design shall appropriately apply human-scale to its
B1
overall massing and architectural elements.
The building shall have visual richness created by good
B2 form and massing proportions that reflect the internal parts
and various functions.
The architectural elements and/or patterns in the façade
B3 and interface design shall be arranged, grouped and spaced
in such a way that creates a clear rhythm.
The architectural elements and/or patterns in the façade
B4 and interface design shall be well-proportioned, and
appropriately scaled to the structure as a whole.
C INTERFACE COMPLIANCE COMMENTS
The interface design and the architectural details of all of
C1 its elements shall match the overall architectural style of the
building.
The entrances (pedestrian and vehicular) shall be clearly
C2 identified on the Façade and safely separated from one
another.
The entrances (pedestrian and vehicular) shall be designed
C3 with an appropriate size and scale in relation to the building
and the human-scale.
If used, columns, canopies, shade structures and vaults shall
C4
have a purpose.
Elements of the interface shall be designed with an
C5 appropriate size and scale in relation to the building and the
human-scale.
The interface design shall use any planting or fencing/
C6
screening to help soften its integration with its surroundings.
If visible to public view, utility / plant rooms shall be
C7
integrated into the architecture and appropriately screened.
Evaluation Matrix
VILLA building TOWER
Tower Cont.

D SIMPLICITY COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

D1 The design shall reflect a single dominant architectural style?

The façade shall have a minimal number of types for windows,
D2 balconies, wall recesses, arches, and other architectural
elements.
The façade shall have a minimal number of types for motifs,
D3
ornamentations and any other decorative elements.
The design shall use a minimal number of predominant
D4
colors in its color palette.
E CULTURE COMPLIANCE COMMENTS
If the design uses any local or regional traditional elements
and decorative features, they shall be appropriately
E1
incorporated into the design and well-placed within the
façade composition.
If the design uses any local or regional traditional elements
E2
and decorative features, they shall have a clear purpose.
F MATERIALITY COMPLIANCE COMMENTS
The composition of the proposed materials, textures and
F1 colors shall be suitable for the function and architectural
style of the building.
F2 The materials shall prevent glare and reflection.
The materials, textures and colors used for the fenestration
F3 elements (windows, doors, openings) shall create a subtle
contrast and visual richness in the façade.
If used, aluminum cladding shall be kept to a minimum and
F4
not used as a primary material.
Evaluation Matrix

VILLA building TOWER

Tower Cont.

G CLIMATE COMPLIANCE COMMENTS

The design shall consider orientation to minimize solar heat
G1
gain and maximize natural air ventilation.
The design shall limit glazing on façades with high solar
G2
exposure (i.e. the Eastern and Western façades.
The design shall use light colors on façades with high solar
G3 exposure, to increase solar reflectivity and reduce solar heat
gain.
The external shading elements such as screening, canopies,
G4 colonnades, balconies, deep fenestrations, and projecting
elements shall be deployed properly to help in shading.
H LIGHTING COMPLIANCE COMMENTS
The lighting design and fixtures used shall be complimentary
H1 to the architectural style and help highlight the design’s
aesthetics.
The lighting design shall provide illumination for pedestrian
H2 areas without causing any light pollution or visual disturbance
to both them and motorists alike.
I WAYFINDING SIGNAGE COMPLIANCE COMMENTS
If used, wayfinding signs shall be appropriately scaled, well
I1 placed, and are complimentary in design to the building's
architectural style.
appendix - B
glossary
Adjacent:
A plot, building, structure, object or space that is next to
another plot, building, structure, object or space.
Alteration:
The change of a building or structure including the
erection, construction, reconstruction, addition to or
removal of the building or structure or any of its parts, but
excluding ordinary maintenance and repairs.
Architectural Style:
Characterized by the features that make a building or
other structure notable or historically identifiable
Articulation:
The expression of an architectural element or a joint in a
clearly defined manner.
Building code:
A regulatory document that contains a set of enforceable
standards and regulations that govern the design,
construction and maintenance of all building components.
Building elevation:
The scale drawing of an exterior vertical façade of a
building (e.g. front, rear or sides), which typically includes
the location and size of all visible elements of the façade.
Building height:
The vertical distance, measured in metres, from the base
reference plane adjacent to the building to the highest
point of the roof of the building.
Building mass:
The exterior height, depth/length and width of a building
that describes its three-dimensional form.
Building orientation:
The sitting of a building on a plot to improve energy
efficiency (e.g. reduce solar gains and wind loads), face
a particular direction (e.g. Makkah) or respond to the
surrounding context (e.g. street or public realm).
Canopy:
A structure that is intended to provide shading, which
covers an outdoor area (e.g. sidewalk, passageway,
driveway or parking area) or projects over an exterior
building element (e.g. doorway or window), and may be
self-supporting or supported by the building or structure
to which it is attached.
Colonnade:
A row of equally spaced columns that typically support
one side of a roof to provide a shaded walkway.
Column:
A vertical slender structure, that is circular or square
polygonal in shape, which is intended to support the
weight of a roof, floor, building, structure or infrastructure
component above it.
Compliance:
An action that is taken to abide by an applicable law,
decree, cabinet decision, local law, by-law, policy,
regulation, rule, code, order or plan.
Consistent / Consistency:
agreement or harmony of parts or features to one another
or a whole
Construction:
The act of building a new building, structure or
infrastructure component, or altering an existing building,
structure or infrastructure component.
Context:
The physical characteristics of the natural or built
environment within which a structure, building, plot or
development is located.
Courtyard:
An open area that is completely or predominantly enclosed
by the walls of a building or buildings.
Cultural significance:
The aesthetic, historic, scientific, religious or social value
of an area of land, place or building and/or a defining
element (e.g. material, feature, form, location, spatial
organization or meaning).
Design manual:
A document that provides standards, regulations or
guidelines and principles for the design of a building,
development or area of land.
Driveway:
A privately owned road that provides vehicular access from
a public right-of- way to a parking area or garage on a plot.
Entrance:
A point of ingress to an area of land, plot, building,
structure or space, that is typically marked by a doorway
or gateway. It may also be used as a point of egress.
Estidama:
Meaning sustainability in Arabic, Estidama is both at the
core of Abu Dhabi Vision 2030 and a programme of the
Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council, which is responsible for
enacting policies to shape a sustainable built environment.
Also see sustainability.
External lighting:
Light from an artificial light source that is located outdoors
and is intended to illuminate an area or feature outside or
on the exterior façade of a building or structure.
Façade:
The exterior surface of a building or structure.
Fence:
A structure that is used to delineate plot boundaries,
enclose spaces or provide screening.
Fenestration:
the arrangement of windows and doors on the elevations
of a building.
Garage:
A building or an area within a building that is primarily
used for the storage of motor vehicles.
Glare:
The result of excessive contrast between bright and dark
areas in the field of view, which causes discomfort or
reduces the ability to discern detail, and impairs visibility.
Ground floor:
The floor of a building that is located at street level.
Guideline:
A non-mandatory statement of preferred practice that is
intended to assist in achieving compliance with a law, by-
law, policy, regulation, code, order or standard.
Harmony / Harmonious:
forming a pleasingly consistent whole; congruous.
Heritage:
A tangible and/or intangible item or element that is
inherited from the previous generation and is passed
on to the next generation due to its cultural value to a
community.
Landscape:
The planting, configuration and maintenance of trees,
ground cover, shrubbery and/or other plant material,
including the decorative natural or structural features such
as earth patterning and bedding material, and any other
hardscape and softscape improvements on a site that
serve an aesthetic or functional purpose.
Light fixture:
A device that produces artificial light, and includes the
lamp(s), enclosure, wiring and other components that
generate and distribute the light, protect the lamp and
connect to a power supply.
Maintenance:
The upkeep of a building, plot, structure, infrastructure
component, utility or area of land.
Mosque:
A building or structure that is used by Muslims for worship,
religious education and related activities.
Municipality:
A governing body with regulatory and administrative
jurisdiction over a specific area (e.g. town, city or district)
that provides public services and related administrative
services for that area.
Palette:
The range of choices (colors, plants or finishes) that may
be used in the design, development or construction of
a building, complex, landscaped area or combination
thereof, to achieve an intended outcome.
Parapet:
A low wall that projects above the edge of a roof or
balcony or bridge.
Pedestrian:
A person that is travelling on foot or in a wheelchair or
stroller.
Permit:
A license, certificate, letter of decision or other document
that is issued by a governing authority granting permission
for the development and/or use of a plot or area of land
for a specific purpose.
Plot:
A legally defined area of land that is under single or shared
ownership.
Public realm: Terrace:
An outdoor area that is accessible to the public, regardless A level, open area that is adjacent to or adjoining a building,
of its ownership. This includes streets, pedestrian ways, which may be raised or paved for use as an outdoor space.
cycle paths, bridges, public transit facilities, plazas, parks,
Tower:
view corridors, waterfronts, gateways, building frontages,
A structure, building or part thereof that is significantly
landscaped areas and natural land areas.
taller than it is wide, and is able to support itself without
Rehabilitation: additional structural elements.
The upgrading of a building or structure by conducting
Typology:
strategic improvements, such as restoration, repair and
The grouping of buildings, objects or elements into
reinforcement, rather than demolishing and rebuilding.
categories based on their shared characteristics.
Screening:
Urban planning:
A wall, fence or planting (landscaping) provided for the
The process of data collection, analysis, consultation, and
purpose of buffering a building, space or activity from
synthesis for deriving policies, strategies, regulations and
neighbouring areas or from the street.
designs that will realize the vision for the future of a city.
Roof:
Use:
The permanent exterior covering on the top of a building
The purpose for which an area of land, plot, building or
or structure, or portion thereof, that provides shelter and
space is intended, employed or occupied.
protection.
Utilities:
Sign:
The infrastructure, structures, buildings and equipment
An object, device, structure or surface that is fixed on a
that are used for the collection, conveyance, supply and/
building or located in public view and is used to visually
or discharge of water, electricity, cooling, oil, gas, sewage,
communicate a message to the public.
communications, etc. and any other facilities that are
Storey: needed to sustain human settlements and development.
A space in a building between the top of the finished Utilities do not include transportation-related facilities.
floor slab to the top of the finished floor slab of the level
Vernacular:
above, or if there is no floor above, the space between the
A design approach that is specific to a geographical,
finished floor slab and the ceiling above.
climatic, cultural and/or social context.
Street:
A public or private right-of-way, other than a major Villa:
thoroughfare (e.g. highway) or a pedestrian path (e.g. A detached dwelling unit that is intended for occupancy
sikka), that is used to carry vehicular traffic and pedestrians by a single household, which may include extended family.
from one location to another, and/or provide vehicular It is characterised by spacious interior spaces and private
and pedestrian access to an adjacent property. outdoor areas, and typically occupies its own plot.

Street furniture: Wayfinding:

The fixed or moveable equipment, objects, fittings and
features that are installed or placed in the public realm
for the convenience, safety and comfort of, or use by, the
public (e.g. street lights, fire hydrants, public telephones,
waste bins, recycling bins, drinking fountains, wayfinding
elements, seating structures, shade structures and public
art and sculptures).
The act of determining one’s location or navigating from
one point to another by using physical descriptors or
cues from the surrounding built or natural environment
or by using fixed or mobile digital devices that provide
directions and/or geographic information.

Structure:
A building or structure that houses the main use of the plot.