Final-Technical Assessment Study of The NRC Godowns at Azakhel, District Nowshera 23-3-2021

REPORT
STRUCTURAL HEALTH
ASSESSMENT OF THE NRC
GODOWNS AT AZAKHEL,
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
Prepared By:
Department of Civil Engineering,

University of Engineering & Technology,
Peshawar, Pakistan
March 24th, 2021

STRUCTURAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF THE NRC GODOWNS AT AZAKHEL,
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
Contents
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... 3
List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 7
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 8
2. Team Composition .......................................................................................................... 9
3. Buildings Description ................................................................................................... 10
4. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 10
4. 1 Visual Inspection ........................................................................................................ 10
4.2 Development of Masterplan for the site ...................................................................... 47
4.3 Field and Laboratory Work ......................................................................................... 47
4.4 Testing and Results ..................................................................................................... 54
4.5 Reproducing of As-built Architectural and Structural Drawings................................ 68
4.6 Assessment of As-built Conditions ............................................................................. 68
4.7 Retrofitting Scheme..................................................................................................... 74
5. Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 76
6. Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 77
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 80
Annexure-A .......................................................................................................................................................... 81
Annexure-B .......................................................................................................................................................... 82
Annexure-C .......................................................................................................................................................... 83
Annexure-D .......................................................................................................................................................... 85
Annexure-E........................................................................................................................................................... 90
Annexure-F ........................................................................................................................................................... 92
Annexure-G .......................................................................................................................................................... 94
Annexure-H .......................................................................................................................................................... 95
Annexure-I ............................................................................................................................................................ 96
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List of Figures
Figure 1. Spalling of concrete from roof slab .......................................................................... 11

Figure 2. Spalling of concrete from shades ............................................................................. 12
Figure 3. Spalling of concrete from beams .............................................................................. 12
Figure 4. Spalling of plaster due to dampness ......................................................................... 13
Figure 5. Spalling of Plaster..................................................................................................... 13
Figure 6. Buckled column repaired with concrete ................................................................... 14
Figure 7. Beam Column joint crack ......................................................................................... 15
Figure 8. Beam Column joint crack ......................................................................................... 15
Figure 9. Horizontal crack in brick masonry, along with separation from floor ..................... 16
Figure 10. Crack in infill masonry wall ................................................................................... 16
Figure 11. Crack in infill masonry wall ................................................................................... 17
Figure 12. Infiltration of rainwater from slab through cracks ................................................. 17
Figure 13. Failure of FRP coating to prevent infiltration of water .......................................... 18
Figure 15. Efflorescence in walls near ground level................................................................ 19
Figure 16. Dampness inside the building ................................................................................. 19
Figure 17. Efflorescence in outer walls near ground level ...................................................... 20
Figure 18. Efflorescence in walls near ground level................................................................ 20
Figure 19. Buckling of column ................................................................................................ 22
Figure 20. Separation of floor, wall, and column .................................................................... 22
Figure 21. Separation of infill wall from column .................................................................... 23
Figure 22. Large vertical crack in infill masonry .................................................................... 23
Figure 23. Cracks in infill masonry ......................................................................................... 24
Figure 24. Infiltration of rainwater from slab through cracks ................................................. 24
Figure 25. Crack in a column of Building B3 .......................................................................... 25
Figure 26. Efflorescence in bricks near ground level .............................................................. 25
Figure 27. Dampness near ground level .................................................................................. 26
Figure 28. Excessive Dampness inside the building ................................................................ 26
Figure 29. Separation of infill wall from the beam .................................................................. 27
Figure 30. Separation of infill wall from the beam .................................................................. 28
Figure 31. Separation of infill wall from the beam and column .............................................. 28
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Figure 32. Cracks in infill masonry wall ................................................................................. 29

Figure 34. Spalling of concrete from slab ................................................................................ 30
Figure 35. Spalling of concrete from shades ........................................................................... 30
Figure 38. Excessive dampness on outer walls ........................................................................ 32
Figure 39. Excessive dampness inside building ...................................................................... 32
Figure 40. Excessive dampness on outer walls ........................................................................ 33
Figure 41. Efflorescence and dampness in bricks near the ground level ................................. 33
Figure 46. Efflorescence in bricks and columns near ground level ......................................... 36
Figure 48. Dampness on outer walls ........................................................................................ 37
Figure 49. Water puddles outside building entrance ............................................................... 38
Figure 50. Efflorescence near ground level ............................................................................. 39
Figure 51. Efflorescence near ground level ............................................................................. 39
Figure 52. Dampness on outside walls of buildings ................................................................ 40
Figure 53. Dampness on outside walls of buildings ................................................................ 40
Figure 56. Spalling of concrete from beam ............................................................................. 42
Figure 57. Spalling of concrete from beam ............................................................................. 43
Figure 61. Separation of infill masonry from column ............................................................. 45
Figure 62. Separation of infill masonry from column ............................................................. 45
Figure 64. Dampness inside building....................................................................................... 46
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Figure 65. Dampness inside building....................................................................................... 47

Figure 66. Performing of SPT on soil ...................................................................................... 55
Figure 67. Acquiring undisturbed soil sample from founndation ............................................ 55
Figure 68. Operation of core cutting ........................................................................................ 58
Figure 69. Performing rebound hammer test ........................................................................... 58
Figure 70. Concrete core samples ............................................................................................ 59
Figure 71. Compression test of concrete core in UTM ............................................................ 59
Figure 72. Scanning of column for reinforcemnt details ......................................................... 66
Figure 73. Reinforcement details of slab ................................................................................. 67
Figure 74. Chipping of foundation pad for verification of steel reinforcement....................... 67
Figure 75. Beam Column Plan modelled in FEM software ..................................................... 68
Figure 76. 3D model of the structure in FEM software .......................................................... 69
Figure 77. Mercalli Earthquake Intensity ................................................................................ 72
Figure 78. Seismic Zone of Nowshera in Pakistan Seismic Zoning Map ............................... 72
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List of Tables
Table 1. Details of Samples ..................................................................................................... 49

Table 2. Bearing capacity of Soil from borehole ..................................................................... 56
Table 3. Unconfined Compression Strength of Soil ................................................................ 56
Table 4. Direct shear test of soil .............................................................................................. 56
Table 5. Chemical Analysis of Soil ......................................................................................... 56
Table 6. Attack on Concrete by Soil and Water Containing Various Sulfate Concentration .. 57
Table 7. Compressive Strength of Concrete Cores .................................................................. 60
Table 8. Compressive Strength of Different Concrete Members by Using Rebound Hammer
Number .................................................................................................................................... 62
Table 9. Characteristic Compressive Strength of Members .................................................... 64
Table 10. Compressive strength of Bricks ............................................................................... 65
Table 11. Tensile and bent test of Steel Reinforcement .......................................................... 65
Table 12. Direct Shear Test on Infill Masonry ........................................................................ 66
Table 13. Material Properties ................................................................................................... 69
Table 14. Sizes of Exisitng Structural members ...................................................................... 70
Table 15. Modeling of Structural Members ............................................................................. 70
Table 16. Earthquake Load Parameters ................................................................................... 71
Table 17. Comparison of reinforcement provided, and reinforcement required in Column ... 73
Table 18. Comparison of required and existing reinforcement in Beams ............................... 73
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Executive Summary
This report is prepared by the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and
Technology (UET), Peshawar for the Structural Health Assessment of the NRC Godowns at
Azakhel, District Nowshera. The request for the assessment of the aforementioned buildings
was made by the Communication and Works (C&W) Department, District Nowshera. In
response, a structural and geotechnical team was deputed by the UET, to carry out the necessary
investigation at the field, laboratory test and numerical study of the structures and to propose a
cost-effective retrofitting scheme if required.
Based on the as-built condition, the building structure has been numerically modeled
and analyzed for gravity and lateral loads according to the Building Code of Pakistan-Seismic
Provisions 2007 (BCP-SP 2007). The strength deficient elements have been identified,
necessary retrofitting scheme has been designed, and remedial measures are recommended.
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1. Introduction
The Department of Planning & Development (P&D), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, recommends
the structural capacity assessment of a building before its rehabilitation and renovation. In view
of the above recommendations of the P&D Department KPK, the Executive Engineer of the
Communication and Works Department (C&W) Nowshera, requested the Department of Civil
Engineering, UET Peshawar through letter No. 78/PMC-Food/S Repair/ADP/2017-18/1644,
dated 23/07/2020, to assess the structural capacity of the buildings/blocks of NRC Godowns at
Azakhel District Nowshera. In response, the Department of Civil Engineering, UET Peshawar,
sent a team of experts on 18/8/2020, to inspect the condition of the buildings.
The C&W Department was requested for the provision of structural and architectural
drawings and the details of the past repair works of the buildings. In response of the above
request, the C&W Department replied that the required documents are not available and
requested for the reproduction of the aforementioned details, and drawings. The reproducing
of the as-built architectural and structural drawings became the part of scope of work of the
project. Keeping in view the as-built condition of the structure, a proposal was submitted for
the proper investigation and assessment of the structural elements and the soil condition of the
site through letter No. 5883/CE dated 21/9/2020. The C&W Department, Nowshera accepted
the proposal through letter No. 835/IAC, dated 15/01/2021. The process of building
investigation and laboratory testing was started on January 16, 2020 and completed on February
19, 2021.
During the investigation of the building, it was observed that the buildings have been
repaired several times in the past which was also confirmed from the office record of the
Godowns at Azakhel District Nowshera. The repair work on the slabs has increased the self-
weight of the structure due to which buckling of columns and structural cracks in slabs have
been observed.
Detailed survey was carried out for the whole area and buildings of the Godowns, Master
Plan of the existing buildings was prepared for detailed study and investigation.
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2. Team Composition
The following team members were involved in the structural investigation and assessment of
the buildings:
1. Prof. Dr. Khan Shahzada Team Leader/Technical Adviser

2. Engr. Malik Hammad Naseer Field Engineer/Junior Design Engineer
3. Engr. Ezaz Ali Khan Field Engineer/Junior Design Engineer
4. Engr. Syeda Zunaira Ali Field Engineer/Junior Design Engineer
5. Engr. Amir Sohail Field Engineer
6. Mr. Ismail Surveyor
7. Mr. Sami Ullah Non-destructive test technician
8. Mr. Sabir Shah Geotechnical Lab technician
9. Mr. Fida Muhmammad Geotechnical Lab technician
The Report and Retrofitting scheme has been vetted by Dr. Qazi Samiullah, Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering UET Peshawar.
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3. Buildings Description
There are 22 buildings/blocks having frame structures and brick masonry partition walls at the
periphery. The blocks are named as A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2, C3, C4, D1, D2,
D3, D4, E1, E2, F1, F2, F3, and F4.
4. Methodology
The following methodology was adopted for the structural health assessment of NRC Godowns
at Azakhel District Nowshera.
1. Site visits for visual inspection of various field conditions.
2. Detail survey, to prepare Master plan of the site.
3. Field Investigation which includes Geotechnical investigation, Material
properties investigation and verification of structural member sizes and
reinforcing steel arrangement was carried out.
4. Laboratory Tests which include Testing of various samples of concrete,
reinforcing steel, bricks, and soil were performed.
5. Development of as-built architectural and structural drawings.
6. Detailed Assessment and as-built condition assessment of the buildings.
7. Design of retrofitting Scheme and detailed drawings were made.
8. Conclusions and Recommendations.
4. 1 Visual Inspection
The buildings were inspected to gauge/observe the settlement, tilting, cracks, seepage,
corrosion of reinforcement, and drainage of rainwater. The details of inspections for
each block, are explained in the following sub-sections.
The buildings B2, C1, C4, D4, E1, E2 and F2 were occupied and filled with sack of
wheat at the time of field visits and taking of test samples for laboratory testing due to
which no internal survey was done, however, external investigation and survey was
carried for these particular buildings.
4.1.1 Block A1, A2, A3, and A4

The following observations during the inspection have been made.
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1. Spalling of concrete from roof slab and other structural and non-structural members
were observed (Figure 1, 2 & 3).
2. Spalling of plaster was noticed due to dampness at various locations (Figure 4 & 5).
3. Buckling of column in Building A4 was observed which has been repaired with the
help of simple concrete (Figure 6).
4. Cracks in beam column joint in Building A4 was also noticed (Figure 7 & 8).
5. It was observed that the masonry infill walls, and RC frame structure have no
connection and the masonry wall is a free-standing wall of 20 feet height. The walls
have been separated from the RC frame (Figure 9).
6. It was observed that the free-standing masonry walls having 20 feet height have been
damaged and are out of plumb. (Figure 10 & 11).
7. Large cracks at several locations of slabs and failure of FRP coating to prevent
infiltration of rainwater was noticed (Figure 12, 13 & 14).
8. Efflorescence and dampness in brick masonry walls were noticed (Figure 15, 16, 17 &
18).
Figure 1. Spalling of concrete from roof slab
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Figure 2. Spalling of concrete from shades
Figure 3. Spalling of concrete from beams
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Figure 4. Spalling of plaster due to dampness
Figure 5. Spalling of Plaster
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Figure 6. Buckled column repaired with concrete
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Figure 7. Beam Column joint crack
Figure 8. Beam Column joint crack
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Figure 9. Horizontal crack in brick masonry, along with separation from floor
Figure 10. Crack in infill masonry wall
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Figure 11. Crack in infill masonry wall
Figure 12. Infiltration of rainwater from slab through cracks

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Figure 13. Cracks in slab causing infiltration of rain water
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Figure 15. Efflorescence in walls near ground level
Figure 16. Dampness inside the building
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Figure 17. Efflorescence in outer walls near ground level
Figure 18. Efflorescence in walls near ground level

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4.1.2 Block B1, B2, B3, and B4

The buildings and their surrounding area were inspected for various conditions and the
following observations were made,
1. Buckling of column in Building B3 was noticed (Figure 19).
have been separated from the RC frame (Figure 20 & 21).
3. Cracks in infill masonry walls were noticed (Figure 22 & 23).
4. Cracks at several locations in slabs and failure of FRP coating to prevent infiltration of
rainwater were observed (Figure 24).
5. Crack in a column in Building B3 was noticed (Figure 25).
6. Efflorescence and dampness in brick masonry walls were noticed (Figure 26, 27 & 28).
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Figure 19. Buckling of column
Figure 20. Separation of floor, wall, and column
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Figure 21. Separation of infill wall from column
Figure 22. Large vertical crack in infill masonry wall
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Figure 23. Cracks in infill masonry
Figure 24. Infiltration of rainwater from slab through cracks
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Figure 25. Crack in a column of Building B3
Figure 26. Efflorescence in bricks near ground level
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Figure 27. Dampness near ground level
Figure 28. Excessive Dampness inside the building
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4.1.3 Block C1, C2, C3, and C4

following observations were made:
connection and the masonry wall is a free-standing wall of 20 feet height. The
walls have been separated from the RC frame (Figure 29, 30 & 31).
2. Cracks in infill masonry walls were noticed (Figure 32).
3. Large cracks at several locations of slabs and failure of FRP coating to prevent
infiltration of rainwater was noticed (Figure 33).
4. Spalling of concrete from structural and non-structural members was observed
(Figure 34, 35, 36 & 37).
5. Efflorescence and dampness in brick masonry walls were noticed (Figure 38,
39, 40 & 41).
Figure 29. Separation of infill wall from the beam
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Figure 30. Separation of infill wall from the beam
Figure 31. Separation of infill wall from the beam and column
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Figure 32. Cracks in infill masonry wall
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Figure 34. Spalling of concrete from slab
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Figure 38. Excessive dampness on outer walls
Figure 39. Excessive dampness inside building
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Figure 40. Excessive dampness on outer walls
Figure 41. Efflorescence and dampness in bricks near the ground level
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4.1.4 Block D1, D2, D3 and D4

1 Large cracks at several locations of slabs and failure of FRP coating to prevent
infiltration of rainwater was observed (Figure 42 & 43).
2 Spalling of concrete from structural and non-structural members was observed
(Figure 44 & 45).
3 Efflorescence and dampness in brick masonry walls was noticed (Figure 46, 47 &
48).
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Figure 46. Efflorescence in bricks and columns near ground level
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Figure 48. Dampness on outer walls
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4.1.5 Block E1, and E2

The buildings and their surrounding area were inspected for various conditions. Only
outer inspection was done as both the buildings were occupied at the time of inspection,
so no internal inspection was made. The following observations were made,
1. Water puddles in front of entrance showing the insufficient drainage, have been noticed
(Figure 49).
2. Efflorescence and dampness in brick masonry walls were noticed (Figure 50, 51, 52 &
53).
Figure 49. Water puddles outside building entrance
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Figure 50. Efflorescence near ground level
Figure 51. Efflorescence near ground level

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Figure 52. Dampness on outside walls of buildings
Figure 53. Dampness on outside walls of buildings
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4.1.6 Block F1, F2, F3, and F4

1. Spalling of concrete from structural and non-structural members were observed
especially in Building F3 and F4, along with corrosion of slab reinforcement (Figure
54, 55, 56, 57 & 58).
2. Cracks in infill masonry walls were noticed (Figure 59 & 60).
have been separated from the RC frame (Figure 61 & 62).
4. Efflorescence and dampness in brick masonry walls were noticed (Figure 63, 64 & 65).
Figure 54. Spalling of concrete from slab and corrosion in reinforcement
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Figure 55. Spalling of concrete from slab and corrosion in reinforcement
Figure 56. Spalling of concrete from beam
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Figure 57. Spalling of concrete from beam
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Figure 61. Separation of infill masonry from column
Figure 62. Separation of infill masonry from column
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Figure 64. Dampness inside the building due to infiltration of rain water
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Figure 65. Dampness inside the building due to infiltration of rain water
4.2 Development of Masterplan for the site

As no masterplan was available for this particular site therefore a proper field survey was
performed, and a master plan was developed by the Team of Survey Lab of UET Peshawar.
The master plan is shown in Annexure-A.
In addition to the master plan the as-built drawings of each blocks/buildings were also prepared
along with elevations/sections which can be seen in Annexure-A.
4.3 Field and Laboratory Work
4.3.1 Field work
Field work includes the following activities,
4.3.1.1 Soil investigation
The soil investigation was carried out through drilling of five numbers of
boreholes and ten members of pits. Undisturbed soil samples were collected
from the boreholes and test pits and tested in the laboratory to classify the soil
and to determine the bearing capacity of soil below the footings. Soil samples
were also collected for chemical analysis tests.
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4.3.1.2 Foundation details

Excavation of ten numbers of trenches has been carried out around the columns
to investigate the foundations and to find their dimensions. Soil samples were
collected and tested in the laboratory for classification and bearing capacity of
soil.
4.3.1.3 Extraction of concrete cores
To find the compressive strength of concrete of the structural members
(Columns, Beams, Slabs, and Foundation) a total of Ninety (90) concrete cores
were extracted. Thirty (30) cores were collected from columns, twenty (20)
cores were collected from beams, thirty (30) cores were collected from slabs
and Ten (10) cores were collected from foundations of the buildings. Schmidt
hammer tests were also conducted in the vicinity of each core. A total of thirty
Schmidt hammer readings were taken at each concrete core location
4.3.1.4 Rebar scanning
Rebar scanning of various structural elements such as beams, columns, slabs,
and foundations were performed to find the spacing and quantity of reinforcing
steels. A total of fifty (50) locations were scanned and confirmed by physical
verification by chipping of concrete of various elements at several locations.
4.3.1.5 Onsite Shear test of masonry walls
Onsite shear tests of masonry walls were performed at ten (10) different
locations, to find the shear strength of the infill masonry walls.
4.3.1.6 Acquiring of bricks and reinforcing steel specimens
Nine (9) bricks specimens and nine reinforcing steel specimens were extracted
from the elements at site for testing in the Material testing laboratory of UET
Peshawar, to obtain the compressive and tensile strength of bricks and steel
respectively.
4.3.1.7 Physical verification
Physical verification of size and spacing of structural elements at various
locations in the buildings were also carried out.
4.3.2 Laboratory Work

After the completion of field work, concrete cores, steel samples and bricks were brought
to the laboratories and were tested for the assessment of mechanical properties. The soil
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samples were brought to the laboratory and tested, just after taking the samples from the sites.
The details are given as follows:
 Sub-Soil samples: to determine index properties and bearing capacity of the
soil at foundation.
 Concrete cores: to determine the compressive strength of concrete
 Bricks: to find the compressive strength of bricks
 Steel: to find the tensile strength of reinforcing steel 
The details of samples are given in Table 1. Also, the locations of samples are shown in
Annexure-B.
Table 1. Details of Samples
S.No Member ID Building/Block Member Sample

1 A1-B1 A1 Beam Concrete Core
6 B1-B1 B1 Beam Concrete Core
9 C1-B1 C1 Beam Concrete Core
12 D1-B1 D1 Beam Concrete Core
15 E1-B1 E1 Beam Concrete Core
18 F1-B1 F1 Beam Concrete Core
21 A1-CC1 A1 Column Concrete Core
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29 B3-CC1 B3 Column Concrete Core

33 C1-CC1 C1 Column Concrete Core
37 D1-CC1 D1 Column Concrete Core
43 E2-CC1 E2 Column Concrete Core
44 E2-CC2 E2 Column Concrete Core
45 F1-CC1 F1 Column Concrete Core
51 A1-S1 A1 Slab Concrete Core
62 C1-S1 C1 Slab Concrete Core
67 F1-S1 F1 Slab Concrete Core
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81 A1-F A1 Foundation Concrete Core
82 A2-F A2 Foundation Concrete Core
83 B3-F B3 Foundation Concrete Core
84 D3-F D3 Foundation Concrete Core
85 E1-F E1 Foundation Concrete Core
86 F1-F F1 Foundation Concrete Core
87 F2-F F2 Foundation Concrete Core
88 F3-F1 F3 Foundation Concrete Core
Verification of
91 NA NA Beam Reinforcement at 12
random locations
Verification of
92 NA NA Column Reinforcement at 20
random locations
Verification of
93 NA NA Slab Reinforcement at 18
random locations
Verification of
94 NA NA Foundation Reinforcement at 10
random locations
Infill
Onsite Direct Shear
95 A1-SW1 A1 masonry
Test
wall
Infill
Onsite Direct Shear
Test
wall
Infill
Onsite Direct Shear
97 B3-SW3 B3 masonry
Test
wall
Infill
Onsite Direct Shear
98 C2-SW4 C2 masonry
Test
wall
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Infill
Onsite Direct Shear
99 D3-SW5 D3 masonry
Test
wall
Infill
Onsite Direct Shear
100 D1-SW6 D1 masonry
Test
wall
Infill
Onsite Direct Shear
101 F1-SW7 F1 masonry
Test
wall
Infill
Onsite Direct Shear
Test
wall
Infill
Onsite Direct Shear
Test
wall
Infill
Onsite Direct Shear
Test
wall
Infill
Compressive
105 A3-1 A3 masonry
Strength of Brick
wall
Infill
Compressive
106 C3-1 C3 masonry
Strength of Brick
wall
Infill
Compressive
107 C3-2 C3 masonry
Strength of Brick
wall
Infill
Compressive
108 C3-3 C3 masonry
Strength of Brick
wall
Infill
Compressive
109 D3-1 D3 masonry
Strength of Brick
wall
Infill
Compressive
110 D3-2 D3 masonry
Strength of Brick
wall
Infill
Compressive
111 F4-1 F4 masonry
Strength of Brick
wall
Infill
Compressive
112 F4-2 F4 masonry
Strength of Brick
wall
Infill
Compressive
113 F4-3 F4 masonry
Strength of Brick
wall
Tensile and bend test
114 D1-1 D1 Column
on steel sample
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115 D3-2 D3 Column
on steel sample
116 D4-3 D4 Column
on steel sample
117 C1-4 C1 Beam
on steel sample
118 F3-5 F3 Beam
on steel sample
119 F3-6 F3 Beam
on steel sample
120 F3-7 F3 Slab
on steel sample
121 F4-8 F4 Slab
on steel sample
122 F4-9 F4 Slab
on steel sample
Bore hole soil sample
123 B-Hole 1 NA Soil plus Standard
penetration test
penetration test
penetration test
penetration test
penetration test
Undisturbed Soil
TP-A2 (7- sample for
128 A2 Foundation
feet depth) unconfined
compression test
Undisturbed Soil
sample for
129 TP-02 A1 Foundation
unconfined
compression test
Undisturbed Soil
TP-D (6.5 ft sample for
130 D3 Foundation
depth) unconfined
compression test
TP-E (9 ft Undisturbed Soil
131 D3 Foundation
depth) sample for
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unconfined
compression test
Undisturbed Soil
sample for
132 TP-5 F3 Foundation
unconfined
compression test
Undisturbed Soil
133 TP-6 F1 Foundation sample for Direct
Shear test
Undisturbed Soil
134 TP-F3 F3 Foundation sample for Direct
Shear test
Undisturbed Soil
135 TP-7 F3 Foundation sample for Direct
Shear test
Undisturbed Soil
136 TP-A1 A1 Foundation sample for Direct
Shear test
Undisturbed Soil
137 TP-B3 B3 Foundation sample for Direct
Shear test
4.4 Testing and Results

4.4.1 Soil Investigation
The allowable bearing capacity of soil at foundation level can be taken as 0.75 tsf, by using the
Factor of Safety as 1.5. The details are shown in Table 2. The unconfined compression test
and direct shear test of soil are shown in Table 3 and Table 4 respectively. Chemical test of soil
has also been performed to find the pH, chloride, and sulfate content of soil which is given in
Table 5. Based on chemical analysis of the soil, it is recommended that the Sulphate Resisting
Cement (Type-V) shall be used in concrete and cement-sand mortar for bricks up to a height of
5 feet above the ground level. The detailed soil reports are attached in Annexure-C.
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Figure 66. Performing of SPT on soil
Figure 67. Acquiring undisturbed soil sample from founndation
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Table 2. Bearing capacity of Soil from borehole
Bearing capacity
S.No ID (tsf)
1 BH-01 1.0
2 BH-02 0.58
3 BH-03 0.76
4 BH-04 0.56
5 BH-05 0.52
FOS = 1.5
Bearing capacity at depth 10 ft and Foundation width is 15ft
Table 3. Unconfined Compression Strength of Soil
Unconfined
S.No ID compression strength
(tsf)
1 TP-A2 (Depth=7ft) 0.66
2 TP-02 0.50
3 TP-D (Depth=6.5ft) 0.32
4 TP-E (Depth=9ft) 0.36
5 TP-5 0.74
FOS = 1.5
Table 4. Direct shear test of soil
Direct shear strength

S.No ID
(tsf)
1 TP-6 0.8
2 TP-F3 (corner) 0.2
3 TP-7 1.0
4 TP-A1 1.6
5 TP-B3 (Depth=7ft) 0.8
FOS = 1.5
Table 5. Chemical Analysis of Soil
S.No Parameter Result Unit

1 pH 6.9 ---
2 Chloride 8.0 meq/L
3 Sulfate 2.2 meq/L
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Table 6. Attack on Concrete by Soil and Water Containing Various Sulfate

Concentration
Percentage Water-
Sulfate (as SO4) in
Relative Degree of Soluble Sulfate (as
Water Samples, Cement Type
Sulfate Attack SO4) in Soil
Ppm
Sample
Negligible 0.00 to 0.10 0 to 150 I
Positive 0.10 to 0.20 150 to 1500 II
Severe 0.20 to 2.00 1500 to 10,000 V*
V
Very Severe 2.00 or more 10,000 or more
Plus pozzolan**
Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Concrete Manual 8 th Ed., 1988, pg. 11.
* Or approved Portland pozzolan cement providing comparable sulfate resistance when used in concrete
** Should be approved pozzolan that has been determined by tests to improve sulfate resistance when used in
concrete with Type V cement
4.4.2 Compressive Strength of Concrete

Compressive strength of concrete was determined through extraction (Figure 67),
preparation (Figure 68) and testing (Figure 69) of concrete cores from foundations, slabs,
beams and columns. The details of compressive strength of concrete cores are shown in Table
7. The values of concrete compressive strength obtained from the regression analysis,
performed between the Schmidt hammer data and core compressive strength of the concrete
are also shown in Table 6. The detailed reports are attached in Annexure-D.
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Figure 68. Core cutting in progress
Figure 69. Performing rebound hammer test

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Figure 70. Concrete core samples
Figure 71. Compressive strength test on concrete core in UTM
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Table 7. Compressive Strength of Concrete Cores

Compressive Strength
S.No Member ID Type (Psi)
1 A1-B1 Beam 2515
2 A1-B2 Beam 2831
3 A1-B3 Beam 1805
4 A1-B4 Beam 4627
5 A2-B1 Beam 2607
6 B1-B1 Beam 4215
7 B1-B2 Beam 2112
8 B1-B3 Beam 2639
9 C1-B1 Beam 3775
10 C1-B2 Beam 2831
11 C1-B3 Beam 2185
12 D1-B1 Beam 2369
13 D1-B2 Beam 4559
14 D1-B3 Beam 3505
15 E1-B1 Beam 2479
16 E1-B2 Beam 2676
17 E1-B3 Beam 3262
18 F1-B1 Beam 4640
19 F1-B2 Beam 3299
20 F1-B3 Beam 2048
21 A1-CC1 Column 1604
29 B3-CC1 Column 3445
32 B4--CC2 Column 1301
33 C1-CC1 Column 1393
37 D1-CC1 Column 1814
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43 E2-CC1 Column 2437
45 F1-CC1 Column 3280
51 A1-S1 Slab 2845
52 A1-S3 Slab 2410
53 A1-S5 Slab 3038
54 A2-S2 Slab 2315
55 A2-S3 Slab 2159
56 A2-S5 Slab 1585
57 A2-S6 Slab 2323
58 A3-S1 Slab 3465
59 A3-S2 Slab 2648
60 A4-S1 Slab 3573
61 A4-S2 Slab 3491
62 C1-S1 Slab 2664
63 C1-S2 Slab 3271
64 C2-S1 Slab 3477
65 C2-S2 Slab 1263
66 C2-S3 Slab 3258
67 F1-S1 Slab 1141
68 F1-S3 Slab 1397
69 F1-S5 Slab 3400
70 F2-S1 Slab 3049
71 F2-S2 Slab 2481
72 F2-S4 Slab 5741
73 F2-S5 Slab 2842
74 F3-S1 Slab 3158
75 F3-S2 Slab 2273
76 F3-S3 Slab 2251
77 F3-S4 Slab 2518
78 F4-S1 Slab 2049
79 F4-S2 Slab 2101
80 F4-S3 Slab 2994
81 A1-F Foundation 3739
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83 B3-F Foundation 5150

84 D3-F Foundation 5077
85 E1-F Foundation 3097
86 F1-F Foundation 1437
88 F3-F1 Foundation 3757
Table 8. Compressive Strength of Different Concrete Members by Using

Rebound Hammer Number
S.No Member ID Type Compressive Strength (Psi)

1 A1-B1 Beam 2500
2 A1-B2 Beam 2875
3 A1-B3 Beam 2619
4 A1-B4 Beam 2799
5 A2-B1 Beam 2602
6 B1-B1 Beam 2708
7 B1-B2 Beam 2781
8 B1-B3 Beam 2875
9 C1-B1 Beam 2672
10 C1-B2 Beam 3156
11 C1-B3 Beam 2818
12 D1-B1 Beam 2972
13 D1-B2 Beam 3073
14 D1-B3 Beam 3145
15 E1-B1 Beam 3083
16 E1-B2 Beam 3198
17 E1-B3 Beam 3691
18 F1-B1 Beam 3880
19 F1-B2 Beam 2762
20 F1-B3 Beam 2690
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51 A1-S1 Slab 2567
52 A1-S3 Slab 2813
53 A1-S5 Slab 2715
54 A2-S2 Slab 2654
55 A2-S3 Slab 2446
56 A2-S5 Slab 2596
57 A2-S6 Slab 2500
58 A3-S1 Slab 2694
59 A3-S2 Slab 2563
60 A4-S1 Slab 2724
61 A4-S2 Slab 2647
62 C1-S1 Slab 2536
63 C1-S2 Slab 2557
64 C2-S1 Slab 2648
65 C2-S2 Slab 2646
66 C2-S3 Slab 2549
67 F1-S1 Slab 2451
68 F1-S3 Slab 2525
69 F1-S5 Slab 2488
70 F2-S1 Slab 2544
71 F2-S2 Slab 2480
72 F2-S4 Slab 2453
73 F2-S5 Slab 2595
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74 F3-S1 Slab 2443

75 F3-S2 Slab 2506
76 F3-S3 Slab 2515
77 F3-S4 Slab 2609
78 F4-S1 Slab 2535
79 F4-S2 Slab 2501
80 F4-S3 Slab 2508
The data was then checked for outliers; some outliers were detected and removed.
The coefficient of variation was less than 20% for all the members therefore the mean value
was selected as the characteristic compressive strength in accordance with ASCE/SEI 41-13
Section 10.2.4 for modeling the structure. The detailed rebound hammer results are given in
Annexure-I. The characteristic compressive strengths for members are shown in Table 9.
Table 9. Characteristic Compressive Strength of Members
Mean Compressive For Analysis Purpose
Member
Strength (psi) (≈) (psi)
Beam 2896 2500
Column 2261 2200
Slab 2567 2200
Foundation 3487 3000
4.4.3 Compressive Strength of Bricks

The compressive strengths of bricks were determined through extraction of brick units
from various locations of the buildings, preparation and testing of the samples in the laboratory.
The results are given in Table 10, and report is attached in Annexure-E.
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Table 10. Compressive strength of Bricks
Crushing Strength
S.No Brick Size Area (in2) Remarks
Psi Mpa
1 8.66" x 4.29" 37.17 2514 17.35 F-4
2 8.74" x 4.25" 37.16 1423 9.82 F-4
3 8.74" x 4.17" 36.47 2230 15.38 F-5
4 8.74" x 4.25" 37.16 807 5.56 C-3
5 8.66" x 4.29" 37.17 1186 8.18 C-3
6 8.82" x 4.25" 37.5 911 6.29 C-3
7 8.74" x 4.33" 37.85 1601 11.05 D-3
8 8.82" x 4.29" 37.84 1409 9.72 D-3
9 8.9" x 4.25" 37.83 1352 9.32 A3-1
4.4.4 Tensile and bent test of Steel Reinforcement

Tensile strength test and bent test of steel reinforcement were determined by extraction,
preparation and testing of steel collected from various locations of buildings. Results are shown
in Table 11 and report is attached in Annexure-F.
Table 11. Tensile and bent test of Steel Reinforcement
Nominal Yield Strength Ultimate % Effective Weight Bend

S.No
dia (inch) (psi) Strength (psi) Elong. Dia (inch) (lb/ft) Test
1 8 55771 77988 23.03 0.9903 2.62 OK
2 8 50641 74752 19.09 0.9995 2.67 OK
3 8 54923 85296 18.11 0.9917 2.63 OK
4 4 51778 67202 17.13 0.5048 0.68 OK
5 4 54435 73236 13.68 0.5068 0.69 OK
6 4 54223 72588 18.11 0.5068 0.69 OK
7 3 46033 50361 10.73 0.3778 0.38 OK
8 3 50027 63559 13.19 0.3701 0.37 OK
9 3 51915 61702 13.19 0.3633 0.35 OK
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4.4.5 Direct Shear Test on Infill Masonry Walls

The direct shear test on Infill masonry walls were performed at Ten (10) random locations in
the buildings. The results of these tests are given in Table 12.
Table 12. Direct Shear Test on Infill Masonry
Max Load Length of brick Width of brick Shear Strength

S.No Code
(Ton) (inch) (inch) (Psi)
1 A1-SW1 5.1 9 4.5 138.8
2 A2-SW2 3.25 9 4 99.5
3 B3-SW3 2.6 8.5 4.25 79.3
4 C2-SW4 6.5 9 4.5 176.9
5 D3-SW5 2.7 9 4.5 73.5
6 D1-SW6 4.9 9 4.5 133.3
7 F1-SW7 2.6 8.75 4 81.9
8 F3-SW8 3.9 9 4.5 106.1
9 F4-SW9 3.7 9 4 113.3
10 A3-SW10 4.8 9 4.25 138.3
4.4.6 Verification of Steel Detailing

The size, spacing and number of bars in beams, columns, slabs, and footings were
verified with the help of rebar scanner, at approximately fifty (50) locations as shown in Figure
70 & 71. Chipping of concrete cover was also done at random locations to verify the scanner
data (Figure 72).
Figure 72. Scanning of column for reinforcement details

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Figure 73. Reinforcement details of slab
Figure 74. Chipping of foundation pad for verification of steel reinforcement
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4.5 Reproducing of As-built Architectural and Structural Drawings

The architectural and structural drawings have been drawn for the entire blocks and are shown
in Annexure-G.
4.6 Assessment of As-built Conditions
Three-dimensional models of the Godowns were developed in finite element-based
software as per the existing condition of the buildings (Figure 73 & 74). In the following
sections the properties of materials, sizes of the structural members, modeling techniques and
anticipated loads, used in the numerical models are discussed.
Figure 75. Beam Column Plan modelled in FEM software
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Figure 76. 3D model of the structure in FEM software

4.6.1 Material Properties
The material properties assigned to the models are presented in Table 13.
Table 13. Material Properties
Material Material Property Remarks

Compressive Strength = 2200 psi Test Result
Column/Slab ACI 318-14
Elastic Modulus = 2673 ksi
(19.2.2.1.b)
Beam ACI 318-14
Concrete (19.2.2.1.b)
Foundation ACI 318-14
(19.2.2.1.b)
Unit weight = 150 lb/ft3
--
Poison Ratio = 0.2
Yield Strength = 40,000 psi
Reinforcement Steel Test Result
Elastic Modulus = 29,000 ksi
Soil Bearing capacity of foundation soil = 0.75 tsf Test Result
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4.6.2 Sizes of structural members

The dimensions and sizes of the structural members were determined during the inspection of
the Buildings/Blocks. The dimensions of different structural elements are given in Table 14.
The detailed drawings are attached in Annexure G.
Table 14. Sizes of Exisitng Structural members
Member Size
Column 15" x 15"
Straight Beam 12'' x 30''
Curved Beam 9'' thickness
Slab 3.5"
Foundation 18"
4.6.3 Modeling of Structural members

The modeling of various structural members is described in Table 15. The beam-column
joints were modeled as rigid. The model was subjected to loads comprising self-load of the
structure, floor finish and roof treatment, live load on floor and earthquake loads. Linear static
analysis was carried out to determine the demand on various structural members. The
calculated demands were checked against the respective capacities to determine demand to
capacity ratio for each structural member.
Table 15. Modeling of Structural Members
S.No Structural Element Modeling Element

1 Straight beam Line Element
2 Curved beam Line Element
3 Column Line Element
4 Slab Shell Element
5 Foundation Shell Element
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4.6.4 Codes and Standards

Using numerical procedures, the following codes and standards were used for the
analysis and design of the buildings.
 Building code of Pakistan Seismic Provisions 2007 (BCP-SP 2007) to get the seismic
zone for Nowshera, where the building is located.
 Uniform Building Code 1997 (UBC 97) for definition of lateral loads according to the
equivalent static procedure and for the design of reinforced concrete structural elements.
 American Concrete Institute, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete 2019
(ACI 318-19) for the design of slabs.
4.6.5 Loads Applied on Models
Following loads were applied to the numerical models:
 Dead Loads: Self load of the structure plus super dead load of 40 PSF on slab.
 Live loads: 20 PSF on Slab.
 Earthquake Loads: Calculated based on equivalent static procedure of UBC-97 for Z =
0.2 (equivalent to seismic zone 2(B) of BCP-SP 2007), soil type SE and over strength
factor (R) of 5.5. The details are shown in Table 16.
Table 16. Earthquake Load Parameters
Earthquake Load
Type/ Value Reference Remarks
Parameter
Equivalent to;
0.2 BCP-SP 07, Table-2.1
Seismic Zone Factor Mercalli Intensity
(Zone 2B) (Figure 76)
of VII (Figure 75)
Soft Soil Profile,

BCP-SP 07, Table-4.1.
UBC-97 Soil Type Type-SE with SPT N-value
UBC-97, Table 16-J.
of < 15
BCP-SP 07, Table-5.9.

Importance Factor 1 ----
UBC-97, Table-16-K.
Considered as
BCP-SP 07, Table-
Response Modification Intermediate
5.5 5.10. UBC-97,Table-
Factor, R Moment Resisting
16-N
Frame (IMRF)
Mass Source Self-weight + Super Imposed Dead Loads


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Figure 77. Mercalli Earthquake Intensity
Figure 78. Seismic Zone of Nowshera in Pakistan Seismic Zoning Map
4.6.6 Analysis of Model

The analysis and design results for all structural members are presented in the subsequent
sections.
4.6.6.1 Foundations
The existing foundations have been analyzed manually, and capacity have been checked
according to the load demand. Different sizes of footings are mentioned in the drawings.
Three types of footings are present in the As-built structure, 10’ x 10’, 13.5’ x 13.5’ and
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18’ x 18’footing. The footing of the 18’ x 18’ and 13.5’x 13.5’ are adequate, while the 10’
x 10’ footings were found deficient in strength.
4.6.6.2 Columns
The reinforcements provided in columns as per the structural drawings and the maximum
reinforcement required from analysis are given in Table 17. Comparison of reinforcement
values shows that the provided reinforcement is not adequate.
Table 17. Comparison of existing reinforcement, and reinforcement required in

Column
Description Column ID Area (in2) Remarks
Reinforcement
C1 3.16
Provided
Reinforcement is not
adequate
Reinforcement
C1 Over Stressed
Required
4.6.6.3 Beams
The reinforcements provided in beams as per the structural drawings are compared with the
maximum reinforcement required from analysis at critical sections in Table 18. Comparison of
reinforcement values shows that the provided reinforcement is not adequate for the existing
loading condition.
Table 18. Comparison of required and existing reinforcement in beams
Maximum reinforcement Existing

Beam required Reinforcement Remarks
ID
Top Bottom Top Bottom
Inadequate for
B1 5.31 in2 4.27 in2 1.76 in2 3.95 in2 Existing Loading
Condition
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4.6.6.4 Slabs
The slabs were modeled as a Barrel Vault Slab using FEM software. The existing
reinforcement in slab is provided as #4 @ 6” c/c, while the maximum reinforcement required
from FEM model is #4 @ 5” c/c, hence the existing reinforcement is less than the required
reinforcement in the slab. Manual analysis of slab was also carried out and was compared with
the results of FEM model analysis. Both the results are matched which shows the validity of
the FEM model.
4.7 Retrofitting Scheme

The Detailed retrofitting scheme is explained in the subsequent sections and are attached in
Annexure H.
4.7.1 Slabs
During the inspection of the buildings, it was observed that the slab has been repaired from
time to time with concrete overlay, which has increased the slab thickness up to 6.5 inches and
eventually the self-weight of the slab has been increased. This has drastically increased the
dead load of the structure which has increased the demand on the supporting elements of the
structure. The past repair of the slab did not stop the propagation of cracks and spalling of
concrete cover in the slabs. Upon the inspection of slabs it was observed that the spalling of
concrete and cracks are on such a large scale that further repair and retrofitting will not be
proved beneficiary and durable. Due to the increased dead load of the slab, resulting from the
past repair work, some of the columns have buckled in various buildings that has induced extra
loads in the connected beams. The analysis of the existing slab shows that the existing
reinforcement is not adequate.
In conclusion of the above aspects, it is decided, to completely remove the slabs and to replace
it with a new slab of average 3 inch thickness and having reinforcement of #4 @ 5” c/c in both
directions along with some diagonal reinforcement at the corners. The detailed drawings are
provided in Annexure-H.
4.7.2 Beams
By replacing the old slab with new one, the demand on beams has also been reduced. All the
beams are found to be satisfactory, however, according to the new design, 4#8 or equivalent
area bars are required for negative reinforcement in the beams. Negative reinforcement in the
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beams shall be confirmed when the cover is removed. If it is less than 4#8 or equivalent area
bars, then additional bars should be provided.
4.7.3 Columns
Column jacketing is to be provided to increase the column size from 15x15 inches to 27x27
inches. As the demand on the foundation of inner/central columns is high, therefore additional
column of 21x21 inches have been provided at the center of each buildings/blocks. The detailed
drawings are provided in Annexure-H.
4.7.4 Plinth Beam
Plinth beams of 9-inch width and 12-inch depth shall be provided at the periphery to provide
foundation support to the infill masonry walls. Sulphate resisting cement is to be used in the
construction of these plinth beams. Detailed drawings are given in Annexure-H.
4.7.5 Confining Elements in Infill Masonry Walls
The infill masonry walls are to be demolished and constructed with vertical and horizontal
confining elements using the existing brick units. Toothing is to be provided between the bricks
and the vertical confining elements. The masonry walls shall be connected to the columns of
the RC frame through dowels. Detailed drawings are given in Annexure-H.
4.7.6 Foundation
All the 10’x10’ footings are to be increased to 14’x14’ (Annexure-H), while the other footings
are found satisfactory, hence no retrofitting is required. New foundation should be constructed
to support the suggested new columns. Detailed drawings are given in Annexure-H.
NOTE: Sulphate resisting cement (Type-V) shall be used in all concrete members and
cement-sand mortar for brick masonry walls, up to a height of 5 feet above the Ground Level
of the buildings/blocks.
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5. Conclusions
Based on the visual inspection and the detailed assessment and investigation of the
buildings/blocks at the NRC GODOWNS District Nowshera, the following conclusions are
made:
 The entire building system is approximately 40 years old. No structural and repair
drawings were available of the buildings.
 Proper history of maintenance and repair of the buildings is not available.
 The size and reinforcement in the existing columns are not adequate and are not
satisfying the existing codes of practice.
 The compressive strengths of concrete cores show that the concrete is of adequate
quality and is considered as satisfactory.
 Cracks in the infill masonry walls were observed in all the buildings. The infill walls
are separated from the RC frame as no connection of the infill walls with the RC frame
is provided.
 Excessive dampness and efflorescence has occurred in the buildings.
 Spalling of plaster at different locations in the buildings was observed.
 The slab has been repaired from time to time which has increased the self-weight of
the slab, causing serious defects in the buildings/blocks.
 Buckling of columns in various Blocks/Buildings were observed.
 The existing slab reinforcement is not adequate.
 All the 10’ x 10’ footings were found inadequate.
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6. Recommendations
Based on the detailed investigations and assessment of the buildings /blocks at the NRC
GODOWNS, District Nowshera, the following recommendations are made.
 Existing beams should be temporarily shored by shoring experts under the areas where
additional loads may come due to the proposed construction activities. The temporary
shoring shall remain in place all the time during the construction process.
 The entire existing slabs shall be removed/demolished, and a new slab with 3 inch-
thickness shall be constructed (Annexure-H).
 In order to ensure the effective transfer of stresses from shell/slab to beams,
reinforcement of shell/slab shall be extended into the beams. For this, outer cover of
the beams is to be removed with gentle hammer/scraping. The details are given in
Annexure-H.
 According to the new design, 4#8 or equivalent area bars are required for negative
reinforcement in the beams. Negative reinforcement in the beams shall be confirmed
when the cover is removed. If it is less than 4#8 or equivalent area bars, then additional
bars should be provided.
 All the 10’ x 10’ footings in the buildings/Blocks shall be retrofitted as mentioned in
Annexure-H.
 If the existing footings are free from flaws/cracks, new construction can be directly
started on the existing footings. In case of flaws/cracks, the existing footings shall be
repaired.
 Retrofitting of strength deficient columns by jacketing includes three main processes:
First, removal of plaster/loose concrete by chipping and cleaning with steel wire brush,
second process will comprise placement and connection of new reinforcement with the
existing column reinforcement and final part of the process will comprise the addition
of concrete to provide adequate structural capacity, durability, and an acceptable
appearance. The choice of concrete addition technique will be constrained by
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disruption considerations. Columns jacketing shall be done as per the details given in
the drawings (Annexure-H).
 Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) chemical shall be used for providing proper bond
between old and new concrete in columns.
 All buckled columns shall be demolished, and new ones are to be constructed. Details
given in Annexure-H.
 Plinth beams at ground level shall be provided at the periphery to provide foundation
support to the infill masonry walls (Annexure-H).
 Infill masonry walls shall be demolished and new infill masonry walls with the same
brick units shall be constructed with provision of confining elements. Proper toothing
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is to be provided between the infill walls and confining elements. Dowels should also
be provided between the RC columns and infill masonry walls (Annexure-H).
 Sulphate resisting cement (Type-V) shall be used in concrete of columns/column
jacketing, plinth beams and confining elements and cement-sand mortar for brick
masonry up to a height of 5 feet above the Ground Level of the buildings.
 Vertical DPC made of concrete (using sulphate resisting cement) OR marble skirting,
to be provided up to a height of 2.5 feet above ground level around the periphery of the
buildings/blocks.
 The temporary shoring is to be removed when the proposed construction gains its
design strength, its formwork is removed, and when construction is complete.
 In structural elements, all the small cracks must be located, carefully marked and fully
repaired either by pressure injection of strong cement paste or by chemical grout.
 Loose plaster from buildings is to be identified with gentle hammer/scraping, to be
removed, and replaced with cement-sand (1:4) mortar.
 In addition to the structural recommendations it is added that proper maintenance/repair
of the drainage system shall be done.
 All the safety measures must be assured to the existing structure and execution team.
 In order to have proper strength/workability of the concrete water reducing admixtures
shall be used.
 The proposed construction activities shall be properly supervised and monitored by a
relevant team of experts.
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REFERENCES
BCP SP-2007, Building Code of Pakistan, Seismic Provisions – 2007” Ministry of Housing
and Works, Islamabad, Government of Pakistan.
ASCE/SEI 41-13, 2013. “Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings” American
Society of Civil Engineers, Virginia.
ASCE/SEI 7-10, 2010. “Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for
Buildings and Other Structures” American Society of Civil Engineers, Virginia.
ACI 228.1R, 2003. “In Place Methods to Estimate Concrete Strength”, American Concrete
Institute, Farmington Hills.
ACI 214R, 2011. “Guide to Evaluation of Strength Test Results of Concrete”, American
Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills.
ACI 318, 2014. “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary”,
American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills.
ASTM C42/C42M, 2018. “Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores
and Sawed Beams of Concrete”, American Society for Testing and Materials,
Philadelphia.
ASTM E178, 2016. “Standard Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations”, American
Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
Concrete Manual 8th Ed., 1988, pg. 11, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, America.
A Simplified Method of Design for Cylindrical Shell Rods by H. Tottenham, M.A. (Cantab.)
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Annexure-A
As-built Drawings of the

Buildings along with
Elevations and Sections
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Annexure-B
Location of Various
Samples and Readings
taken on Site
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Annexure-C
Soil Investigation Report
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Annexure-D
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete Core
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Annexure-E
Compressive
Strength of Bricks
90
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
91
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
Annexure-F
Tensile and Bend Test Result

of Steel
92
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
93
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
Annexure-G
As-built Structural Drawings

of the Buildings
94
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
Annexure-H
Retrofitting Drawings of the

Buildings
95
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
Annexure-I
Rebound Hammer Results
96
STRUCTURAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF THE NRC GODOWNS AT AZAKHEL, DISTRICT NOWSHERA
BEAMS
Member Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam
Test ID A1-B1-1 A1-B1-2 A1-B1-3 A1-B2-1 A1-B2-2 A1-B2-3 A1-B3-1 A1-B3-2 A1-B3-3 A1-B4-1 A1-B4-2 A1-B4-3 A2-B1-1 A2-B1-2 A2-B1-3
Test
Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal
Orientation
Test No. Rebound Number (RN)
1 30 28 28 30 32 28 26 28 28 36 26 22 30 34 28
2 24 26 34 32 28 28 22 28 30 28 28 24 30 28 22
3 26 32 26 28 28 30 34 28 32 32 28 30 24 30 30
4 34 30 28 28 34 34 22 24 32 34 28 26 32 28 28
5 28 22 30 30 32 32 28 32 30 30 34 34 30 26 24
6 30 24 26 34 30 28 30 30 34 24 30 32 22 30 30
7 24 28 28 26 28 30 32 28 26 28 32 30 34 32 30
8 26 26 28 28 26 28 24 34 32 34 26 28 30 32 24
9 30 30 32 30 30 26 26 28 34 32 28 28 26 24 32
10 24 38 30 30 32 32 26 32 24 30 30 32 34 28 30
Average RN 27.6 28.4 29 29.6 30 29.6 27 29.2 30.2 30.8 29 28.6 29.2 29.2 27.8
Member ID A1-B1 A1-B2 A1-B3 A1-B4 A2-B1
Average RN 28.3 29.7 28.8 29.5 28.7
Compressive
2500 2875 2619 2799 2602
Strength
97
Test ID B1-B1-1 B1-B1-2 B1-B1-3 B1-B2-1 B1-B2-2 B1-B2-3 B1-B3-1 B1-B3-2 B1-B3-3 C1-B1-1 C1-B1-2 C1-B1-3 C1-B2-1 C1-B2-2 C1-B2-3
Test
Orientation
1 28 24 22 24 30 28 30 30 32 26 32 32 28 34 26
2 22 34 28 30 30 36 32 28 28 32 36 30 32 28 30
3 34 22 28 26 28 22 26 24 32 26 28 24 30 30 30
4 28 28 26 32 32 24 28 34 34 28 24 36 34 30 34
5 30 36 30 34 34 28 30 32 32 30 22 26 34 28 32
6 34 30 30 30 28 34 32 30 32 32 32 26 32 32 36
7 24 26 28 24 34 30 28 30 28 24 24 34 28 34 32
8 32 34 34 32 38 32 34 28 24 38 34 32 24 34 28
9 30 30 30 24 24 32 26 30 26 32 22 24 28 36 28
10 30 30 32 28 28 26 30 34 28 30 26 28 30 30 28
Average RN 29.2 29.4 28.8 28.4 30.6 29.2 29.6 30 29.6 29.8 28 29.2 30 31.6 30.4
Member ID B1-B1 B1-B2 B1-B3 C1-B1 C1-B2
Average RN 29.1 29.4 29.7 29.0 30.7
Compressive
2708 2781 2875 2672 3156
Strength
98
Test ID C1-B3-1 C1-B3-2 C1-B3-3 D1-B1-1 D1-B1-2 D1-B1-3 D1-B2-1 D1-B2-2 D1-B2-3 D1-B3-1 D1-B3-2 D1-B3-3 E1-B1-1 E1-B1-2 E1-B1-3
Test
Orientation
1 30 32 28 24 28 22 38 28 26 25 34 28 30 32 34
2 34 24 34 34 34 38 34 34 40 32 35 36 32 28 26
3 24 28 30 30 30 36 24 28 28 26 26 27 30 32 28
4 32 28 32 30 34 34 26 26 32 28 34 26 24 28 26
5 32 34 24 24 24 30 28 28 34 35 30 26 28 29 28
6 28 32 36 26 34 24 32 34 40 42 30 38 34 32 40
7 24 30 24 26 30 28 28 32 34 34 36 30 42 31 34
8 22 36 22 36 36 30 30 32 28 30 28 26 32 33 26
9 26 32 30 28 34 26 28 34 28 28 29 34 22 28 24
10 30 32 36 38 26 28 22 28 28 28 30 28 34 38 28
Average RN 28.2 30.8 29.6 29.6 31 29.6 29.0 30.4 31.8 30.8 31.2 29.9 30.8 31.1 29.4
Member ID C1-B3 D1-B1 D1-B2 D1-B3 E1-B1
Average RN 29.5 30.1 30.4 30.6 30.4
Compressive
2818 2972 3073 3145 3083
Strength
99
Test ID E1-B2-1 E1-B2-2 E1-B2-3 E1-B3-1 E1-B3-2 E1-B3-3 F1-B1-1 F1-B1-2 F1-B1-3 F1-B2-1 F1-B2-2 F1-B2-3 F1-B3-1 F1-B3-2 F1-B3-3
Test
Orientation
1 36 32 28 30 30 31 31 33 34 24 34 26 26 28 22
2 28 28 32 26 40 40 34 40 42 36 44 22 38 38 29
3 28 29 25 34 30 34 28 30 32 28 28 24 22 32 28
4 34 32 25 38 34 34 30 32 32 32 35 32 28 30 30
5 28 36 38 34 34 34 28 27 27 28 36 24 32 34 32
6 38 38 32 30 28 32 36 33 32 32 27 32 28 28 26
7 34 32 35 32 46 42 46 42 44 34 34 32 30 22 28
8 28 24 28 26 36 27 28 34 29 22 32 31 28 36 29
9 28 24 34 20 27 31 34 30 28 28 26 22 28 30 28
10 28 30 32 27 32 28 36 28 22 22 27 26 22 28 32
Average RN 31.0 30.5 30.9 29.7 33.7 33.3 33.1 32.9 32.2 28.6 32.3 27.1 28.2 30.6 28.4
Member ID E1-B2 E1-B3 F1-B1 F1-B2 F1-B3
Average RN 30.8 32.2 32.7 29.3 29.1

Compressive
3198 3691 3880 2762 2690
Strength
100
COLUMNS
Member Column Column Column Column Column Column Column Column Column Column Column Column Column Column Column
Test ID A1-CC1-1 A1-CC1-2 A1-CC1-3 A1-CC2-1 A1-CC2-2 A1-CC2-3 A2-CC1-1 A2-CC1-2 A2-CC1-3 A2-CC2-1 A2-CC2-2 A2-CC2-3 A3-CC1-1 A3-CC1-2 A3-CC1-3
Test
Orientation

1 22 28 28 30 26 26 32 24 30 28 34 29 32 40 46
2 24 28 25 22 26 28 32 28 24 24 28 32 46 40 38
3 24 26 38 23 28 24 27 34 20 32 32 27 42 34 36
4 26 30 22 29 32 28 26 35 28 32 36 22 46 40 42
5 30 27 34 29 26 32 29 30 32 31 28 28 42 42 42
6 30 24 34 24 26 26 30 26 26 29 26 20 44 36 42
7 29 26 33 24 28 23 26 28 29 32 36 27 40 44 28
8 28 24 36 26 28 30 28 29 26 30 27 31 44 38 26
9 26 25 29 26 34 22 30 28 25 30 28 34 42 38 42
10 32 28 30 26 24 32 31 28 28 28 34 30 42 38 40
Average RN 27.1 26.6 30.9 25.9 27.8 27.1 29.1 29 26.8 29.6 30.9 28 42 39 38.2
Member ID A1-CC1 A1-CC2 A2-CC1 A2-CC2 A3-CC1
Average RN 28.2 26.9 28.3 29.5 39.7
Compressive
2070 1922 2082 2233 4054
Strength
101
Test ID A3-CC2-1 A3-CC2-2 A3-CC2-3 A4-CC1-1 A4-CC1-2 A4-CC1-3 A4-CC2-1 A4-CC2-2 A4-CC2-3 B3-CC1-1 B3-CC1-2 B3-CC1-3 B3-CC2-1 B3-CC2-2 B3-CC2-3
Test
Orientation
1 29 30 32 22 32 28 26 24 32 32 38 34 24 26 28
2 28 24 26 28 28 36 32 22 28 34 34 30 32 26 24
3 26 28 32 28 28 26 28 26 28 32 30 30 28 24 22
4 26 22 28 34 30 24 28 30 28 36 32 30 22 24 22
5 34 24 34 26 32 32 30 28 28 34 32 32 32 28 30
6 26 30 26 28 26 24 28 30 26 28 28 30 32 32 32
7 28 24 24 32 28 32 32 34 24 36 32 36 28 28 32
8 30 28 28 32 26 32 30 32 30 38 36 36 34 24 34
9 34 32 26 32 32 36 30 30 32 32 30 34 34 28 34
10 24 26 34 30 34 22 34 32 28 38 32 34 24 32 36
Average RN 28.5 26.8 29 29.2 29.6 29.2 29.8 28.8 28.4 34 32.4 32.6 29 27.2 29.4
Member ID A3-CC2 A4-CC1 A4-CC2 B3-CC1 B3-CC2
Average RN 28.1 29.3 29.0 33.0 28.5
Compressive
2058 2211 2168 2738 2110
Strength
102
Test ID B4-CC1-1 B4-CC1-2 B4-CC1-3 B4-CC2-1 B4-CC2-2 B4-CC2-3 C1-CC1-1 C1-CC1-2 C1-CC1-3 C1-CC2-1 C1-CC2-2 C1-CC2-3 C2-CC1-1 C2-CC1-2 C2-CC1-3
Test
Orientation
1 32 28 30 28 22 28 26 34 28 28 34 32 30 26 26
2 30 36 36 22 28 26 28 30 26 28 26 26 34 30 32
3 34 28 32 32 26 28 28 34 22 28 34 28 32 36 38
4 32 36 22 28 30 32 24 42 28 30 26 30 36 36 28
5 26 36 26 26 26 30 26 26 28 28 30 30 34 34 30
6 40 38 22 30 22 30 20 28 22 34 30 32 32 34 26
7 30 24 28 26 28 28 30 44 22 38 28 36 26 28 26
8 34 28 22 28 24 28 26 36 24 28 32 34 26 36 24
9 28 34 30 24 24 34 28 28 26 28 40 34 38 30 26
10 28 32 20 28 20 38 28 36 26 30 28 32 34 28 26
Average RN 31.4 32 26.8 27.2 25 30.2 26.4 33.8 25.2 30 30.8 31.4 32.2 31.8 28.2
Member ID B4-CC1 B4-CC2 C1-CC1 C1-CC2 C2-CC1
Average RN 30.1 27.5 28.5 30.7 30.7
Compressive
2308 1983 2102 2399 2399
Strength
103
Test ID C2-CC2-1 C2-CC2-2 C2-CC2-3 D1-CC1-1 D1-CC1-2 D1-CC1-3 D1-CC2-1 D1-CC2-2 D1-CC2-3 D2-CC1-1 D2-CC1-2 D2-CC1-3 D2-CC2-1 D2-CC2-2 D2-CC2-3
Test
Orientation
1 24 30 36 24 30 36 30 32 20 42 40 28 30 34 24
2 38 28 32 38 28 32 28 36 18 32 44 30 26 28 32
3 34 28 28 34 28 28 24 26 18 38 42 32 28 26 30
4 30 36 26 30 36 26 32 38 16 40 35 24 34 34 26
5 30 26 28 30 26 28 32 36 24 28 40 30 28 30 34
6 38 30 28 38 30 28 30 38 16 32 46 22 36 34 30
7 34 34 32 34 34 32 34 32 32 38 48 28 26 32 34
8 26 32 26 26 32 26 28 38 28 30 40 30 26 36 36
9 30 38 26 30 38 26 30 36 24 38 46 24 28 34 30
10 22 30 32 22 30 32 34 32 36 42 37 26 30 32 32
Average RN 30.6 31.2 29.4 30.6 31.2 29.4 30.2 34.4 23.2 36 41.8 27.4 29.2 32 30.8
Member ID C2-CC2 D1-CC1 D1-CC2 D2-CC1 D2-CC2
Average RN 30.4 30.4 29.3 35.1 30.7
Compressive
2353 2353 2202 3089 2390
Strength
104
Test ID D3-CC1-1 D3-CC1-2 D3-CC1-3 D3-CC2-1 D3-CC2-2 D3-CC2-3 E2-CC1-1 E2-CC1-2 E2-CC1-3 E2-CC2-1 E2-CC2-2 E2-CC2-3 F1-CC1-1 F1-CC1-2 F1-CC1-3
Test
Orientation
1 32 32 30 33 32 28 34 36 34 40 32 35 36 34 28
2 34 30 32 35 25 28 40 34 34 38 28 36 38 29 29
3 36 28 30 32 38 29 42 38 36 36 30 30 34 28 26
4 32 35 30 30 34 34 30 35 30 40 38 30 34 28 30
5 28 42 30 36 34 22 38 34 42 35 36 37 34 32 24
6 27 40 32 32 30 28 34 34 31 38 32 35 28 26 27
7 28 32 34 28 32 24 32 42 34 32 34 36 27 28 34
8 33 32 31 36 32 28 40 40 34 32 31 34 27 32 26
9 27 32 38 28 34 24 38 34 32 30 32 32 28 29 28
10 32 34 30 30 36 34 38 28 35 36 27 34 32 26 27
Average RN 30.9 33.7 31.7 32 32.7 27.9 36.6 35.5 34.2 35.7 32 33.9 31.8 29.2 27.9
Member ID D3-CC1 D3-CC2 E2-CC1 E2-CC2 F1-CC1
Average RN 32.1 30.9 35.4 33.9 29.6
Compressive
2598 2418 3155 2880 2250
Strength
105
Test ID F1-CC2-1 F1-CC2-2 F1-CC2-3 F3-CC1-1 F3-CC1-2 F3-CC1-3 F3-CC2-1 F3-CC2-2 F3-CC2-3 F4-CC1-1 F4-CC1-2 F4-CC1-3 F4-CC2-1 F4-CC2-2 F4-CC2-3
Test
Orientation
1 28 25 28 28 30 26 26 33 32 28 32 28 34 28 28
2 30 27 30 28 32 28 30 32 28 27 31 29 30 26 26
3 28 30 30 30 28 34 32 26 28 34 31 32 36 26 25
4 26 25 31 26 28 30 34 28 30 30 32 28 32 27 34
5 32 30 31 26 26 34 26 36 32 34 26 34 37 30 28
6 33 28 33 24 30 28 28 30 29 24 34 36 30 32 30
7 26 26 34 28 34 30 32 36 24 29 28 32 32 28 32
8 28 32 24 28 32 32 31 37 27 32 28 32 32 28 34
9 24 34 34 30 24 28 24 32 32 32 36 29 28 29 36
10 28 32 26 26 32 28 35 32 37 36 25 34 26 25 32
Average RN 28.3 28.9 30.1 27.4 29.6 29.8 29.8 32.2 29.9 30.6 30.3 31.4 31.7 27.9 30.5
Member ID F1-CC2 F3-CC1 F3-CC2 F4-CC1 F4-CC2
Average RN 29.1 28.9 30.6 30.8 30.0
Compressive
2181 2160 2385 2404 2303
Strength
106
SLABS
Member Slab Slab Slab Slab Slab Slab Slab Slab Slab Slab Slab Slab Slab Slab Slab
Test ID A1-S1-1 A1-S1-2 A1-S1-3 A1-S3-1 A1-S3-2 A1-S3-3 A1-S5-1 A1-S5-2 A1-S5-3 A2-S2-1 A2-S2-2 A2-S2-3 A2-S3-1 A2-S3-2 A2-S3-3
Test
Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical
Orientation
1 24 34 30 30 28 30 22 30 36 28 38 24 20 22 32
2 20 26 34 36 30 36 24 30 38 24 32 28 28 20 24
3 22 20 24 32 22 30 28 28 30 25 32 34 22 20 22
4 28 28 26 28 24 38 26 34 32 30 32 26 18 24 26
5 22 28 22 39 31 34 22 36 28 31 30 26 16 18 23
6 20 26 24 38 32 38 26 38 26 32 30 28 18 16 24
7 25 22 24 34 30 40 28 32 28 28 32 22 18 24 20
8 23 28 22 39 20 46 24 34 30 24 28 30 24 24 26
9 20 30 26 28 29 40 22 36 33 28 24 28 24 25 20
10 22 34 30 36 24 38 29 32 34 24 22 22 14 18 20
Average RN 22.6 27.6 26.2 34 27 37 25.1 33 31.5 27.4 30 26.8 20.2 21.1 23.7
Member ID A1-S1 A1-S3 A1-S5 A2-S2 A2-S3
Average RN 25.5 32.7 29.9 28.1 21.7
Compressive
2567 2813 2715 2654 2446
Strength
107
Test ID A2-S5-1 A2-S5-2 A2-S5-3 A2-S6-1 A2-S6-2 A2-S6-3 A3-S1-1 A3-S1-2 A3-S1-3 A3-S2-1 A3-S2-2 A3-S2-3 A4-S1-1 A4-S1-2 A4-S1-3
Test Orientation Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical
1 32 20 30 22 18 24 32 32 22 22 22 26 22 30 30
2 16 20 38 22 15 20 34 30 32 24 20 20 26 26 30
3 32 28 30 26 20 22 28 24 32 22 32 32 32 32 28
4 22 26 22 22 20 18 38 22 34 24 26 30 36 30 36
5 21 38 24 22 28 22 38 26 38 24 26 34 30 32 34
6 24 36 27 20 20 24 24 22 30 28 26 22 28 30 26
7 28 20 35 22 22 32 34 26 36 26 24 28 30 28 24
8 22 28 38 20 32 22 32 20 32 26 20 28 32 34 34
9 16 26 25 30 32 20 32 22 36 28 20 28 32 32 30
10 22 22 22 20 32 32 24 22 24 24 22 26 30 32 28
Average RN 23.5 26.4 29.1 22.6 23.9 23.6 31.6 24.6 31.6 24.8 23.8 27.4 29.8 30.6 30
Member ID A2-S5 A2-S6 A3-S1 A3-S2 A4-S1
Average RN 26.3 23.4 29.3 25.3 30.1
Compressive Strength 2596 2500 2694 2563 2724
108
Test ID A4-S2-1 A4-S2-2 A4-S2-3 C1-S1-1 C1-S1-2 C1-S1-3 C1-S2-1 C1-S2-2 C1-S2-3 C2-S1-1 C2-S1-2 C2-S1-3 C2-S2-1 C2-S2-2 C2-S2-3
1 28 30 32 22 20 18 20 20 28 30 30 24 30 30 30
2 26 24 22 28 30 22 30 20 24 30 28 28 32 28 34
3 34 24 22 26 22 24 28 20 22 28 36 30 36 36 30
4 26 22 28 24 24 26 32 30 26 24 30 32 28 20 22
5 26 22 36 25 32 30 22 32 26 26 30 24 24 22 24
6 34 30 36 20 32 20 24 22 26 28 28 28 30 20 25
7 28 34 26 28 20 20 26 26 20 30 26 26 34 24 30
8 26 26 28 36 22 24 28 28 26 32 24 25 38 28 32
9 30 28 22 20 24 22 28 28 22 28 22 30 22 24 34
10 24 28 34 32 22 20 22 26 22 26 26 28 26 20 22
Average RN 28.2 26.8 28.6 26.1 24.8 22.6 26 25.2 24.2 28.2 28 27.5 30 25.2 28.3
Member ID A4-S2 C1-S1 C1-S2 C2-S1 C2-S2
Average RN 27.9 24.5 25.1 27.9 27.8
109
Test ID C2-S3-1 C2-S3-2 C2-S3-3 F1-S1-1 F1-S1-2 F1-S1-3 F1-S3-1 F1-S3-2 F1-S3-3 F1-S5-1 F1-S5-2 F1-S5-3 F2-S1-1 F2-S1-2 F2-S1-3
1 32 30 20 22 22 20 28 28 26 22 24 22 23 20 28
2 24 22 24 20 24 22 24 26 20 20 22 20 28 20 28
3 22 24 30 24 20 20 24 24 28 24 20 22 24 20 26
4 20 26 32 22 20 20 22 22 27 22 20 20 28 22 24
5 26 28 28 22 20 20 23 28 25 24 20 28 38 24 26
6 22 22 24 26 22 20 23 22 20 24 22 22 34 18 20
7 24 24 24 20 24 22 27 28 20 26 21 22 38 22 20
8 26 25 26 20 24 20 28 22 20 22 30 24 24 22 24
9 22 24 28 22 20 26 30 26 20 24 20 22 22 26 28
10 20 22 26 22 26 22 28 12 24 28 29 24 23 22 20
Average RN 23.8 24.7 26.2 22 22.2 21.2 25.7 23.8 23 23.6 22.8 22.6 28.2 21.6 24.4
Member ID C2-S3 F1-S1 F1-S3 F1-S5 F2-S1
Average RN 24.9 21.8 24.2 23.0 24.7
110
Test ID F2-S2-1 F2-S2-2 F2-S2-3 F2-S4-1 F2-S4-2 F2-S4-3 F2-S5-1 F2-S5-2 F2-S5-3 F3-S1-1 F3-S1-2 F3-S1-3 F3-S2-1 F3-S2-2 F3-S2-3
1 22 24 22 30 20 22 29 22 24 21 22 18 20 18 24
2 26 20 20 28 18 20 29 22 29 18 25 18 24 20 24
3 20 22 20 24 18 24 30 18 40 20 24 20 24 20 30
4 28 24 22 26 20 18 28 26 29 22 24 22 22 22 28
5 20 20 26 20 22 22 20 18 22 22 22 26 26 26 18
6 24 22 20 18 20 24 32 28 28 24 18 24 25 20 28
7 26 24 24 24 20 22 30 32 26 26 20 20 28 24 20
8 20 20 28 18 26 20 20 23 18 18 22 24 20 20 30
9 20 22 24 24 18 24 34 30 36 20 18 23 24 28 20
10 22 24 26 20 20 26 20 24 22 20 20 26 18 30 26
Average RN 22.8 22.2 23.2 23.2 20.2 22.2 27.2 24.3 27.4 21.1 21.5 22.1 23.1 22.8 24.8
Member ID F2-S2 F2-S4 F2-S5 F3-S1 F3-S2
Average RN 22.7 21.9 26.3 21.6 23.6
111
Test ID F3-S3-1 F3-S3-2 F3-S3-3 F3-S4-1 F3-S4-2 F3-S4-3 F4-S1-1 F4-S1-2 F4-S1-3 F4-S2-1 F4-S2-2 F4-S2-3 F4-S3-1 F4-S3-2 F4-S3-3
1 20 24 30 28 20 30 22 20 22 20 24 28 20 20 20
2 18 24 28 22 22 32 20 22 26 24 20 22 24 24 24
3 24 26 30 32 32 22 22 23 24 22 20 20 26 26 26
4 22 22 24 30 30 28 24 26 30 28 32 22 28 20 20
5 26 20 28 30 29 29 24 20 28 24 30 20 20 20 24
6 18 26 26 32 28 26 28 20 32 20 24 20 22 22 28
7 24 18 28 26 28 25 26 23 22 22 24 24 20 24 22
8 18 22 29 22 30 26 30 20 24 20 26 20 20 30 24
9 18 30 18 20 22 28 28 28 28 26 30 26 24 28 20
10 22 22 30 26 23 24 26 20 26 20 20 24 29 26 28
Average RN 21 23.4 27.1 26.8 26.4 27 25 22.2 26.2 22.6 25 22.6 23.3 24 23.6
Member ID F3-S3 F3-S4 F4-S1 F4-S2 F4-S3
Average RN 23.8 26.7 24.5 23.4 23.6
112
FOUNDATIONS
Member Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation
Test ID A1-F1-1 A1-F1-2 A1-F1-3 A2-F1-1 A2-F1-2 A2-F1-3 B3-F1-1 B3-F1-2 B3-F1-3 D3-F1-1 D3-F1-2 D3-F1-3 E1-F1-1 E1-F1-2 E1-F1-3
Test
Orientation Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical
1 28 20 22 26 24 28 24 28 24 26 20 22 24 26 26
2 22 30 22 28 22 26 22 30 30 28 28 24 22 30 22
3 24 28 32 20 20 24 22 22 26 22 22 28 22 22 24
4 22 28 30 22 20 22 26 24 28 28 24 22 26 24 30
5 24 22 28 24 22 20 20 26 32 26 20 20 28 28 26
6 26 22 22 22 20 18 22 20 24 28 30 26 20 20 24
7 32 24 22 20 18 18 24 26 26 22 28 20 26 24 28
8 28 26 26 22 24 20 28 24 28 24 26 24 24 26 22
9 22 20 20 24 26 20 24 28 28 20 24 28 28 22 24
10 20 24 28 26 28 28 26 24 26 30 28 22 22 24 20
Average RN 24.8 24.4 25.2 23.4 22.4 22.4 23.8 25.2 27.2 25.4 25 23.6 24.2 24.6 24.6
Member ID A1-F A2-F B3-F D3-F E1-F
Average RN 24.8 22.7 25.4 24.7 24.5
Compressive
Strength 3798 2850 4128 3728 3626
113
Member Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation Foundation
Test ID F1-F1-1 F1-F1-2 F1-F1-3 F2-F1-1 F2-F1-2 F2-F1-3 F3-F1-1 F3-F1-2 F3-F1-3 F3-F2-1 F3-F2-2 F3-F2-3 F3-F3-1 F3-F3-2 F3-F3-3
Test
Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical
Orientation
1 20 22 24 20 26 26 22 28 30 28 24 30 22 22 24
2 22 20 22 18 22 22 26 20 20 24 24 28 26 22 20
3 28 28 24 29 18 20 28 24 26 30 26 20 26 20 24
4 22 26 22 22 20 18 32 22 20 20 24 26 26 24 24
5 30 24 20 26 24 18 26 28 22 22 22 28 20 22 26
6 20 30 24 22 24 26 20 30 28 20 22 20 28 30 28
7 22 20 30 22 22 20 24 28 24 28 20 22 22 24 26
8 20 26 24 20 18 24 20 26 26 26 26 24 24 32 20
9 24 20 26 20 20 22 22 24 24 22 28 28 26 28 22
10 20 24 22 29 24 20 26 22 28 26 22 22 22 26 22
Average RN 22.8 24 23.8 22.8 21.8 21.6 24.6 25.2 24.8 24.6 23.8 24.8 24.2 25 23.6
Member ID F1-F F2-F F3-F1 F3-F2 F3-F3
Average RN 23.5 22.1 24.9 24.4 24.3

Compressive
3185 2598 3833 3593 3527
Strength
114
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
CHECK FOR OUTLIERS

BEAMS
Standard
S.No Member ID Type Compressive Strength (Psi) COV(%)
Deviation
1 A1-B1 Beam 2500
2 A1-B2 Beam 2875
3 A1-B3 Beam 2619
4 A1-B4 Beam 2799
5 A2-B1 Beam 2602
6 B1-B1 Beam 2708
7 B1-B2 Beam 2781
8 B1-B3 Beam 2875
9 C1-B1 Beam 2672
10 C1-B2 Beam 3156
281 9.7
11 C1-B3 Beam 2818
12 D1-B1 Beam 2972
13 D1-B2 Beam 3073
14 D1-B3 Beam 3145
15 E1-B1 Beam 3083
16 E1-B2 Beam 3198
17 E1-B3 Beam 3691
18 F1-B1 Beam 3880
19 F1-B2 Beam 2762
20 F1-B3 Beam 2690
No. of Outliers 1
Average after removing outlier 2896
115
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
COLUMNS
Compressive Strength Standard
S.No Member ID Type (Psi) Deviation COV(%)
185 8.2
``50 F4-CC2 Column 2303
No. of Outliers 4
116
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
SLABS
Standard
S.No Member ID Type Compressive Strength (Psi) COV(%)
Deviation
51 A1-S1 Slab 2567
52 A1-S3 Slab 2813
53 A1-S5 Slab 2715
54 A2-S2 Slab 2654
55 A2-S3 Slab 2446
56 A2-S5 Slab 2596
57 A2-S6 Slab 2500
58 A3-S1 Slab 2694
59 A3-S2 Slab 2563
60 A4-S1 Slab 2724
61 A4-S2 Slab 2647
62 C1-S1 Slab 2536
63 C1-S2 Slab 2557
64 C2-S1 Slab 2648
65 C2-S2 Slab 2646
92 3.6
66 C2-S3 Slab 2549
67 F1-S1 Slab 2451
68 F1-S3 Slab 2525
69 F1-S5 Slab 2488
70 F2-S1 Slab 2544
71 F2-S2 Slab 2480
72 F2-S4 Slab 2453
73 F2-S5 Slab 2595
74 F3-S1 Slab 2443
75 F3-S2 Slab 2506
76 F3-S3 Slab 2515
77 F3-S4 Slab 2609
78 F4-S1 Slab 2535
79 F4-S2 Slab 2501
80 F4-S3 Slab 2508
No. of Outliers 0
117
DISTRICT NOWSHERA
FOUNDATIONS
Compressive Strength Standard
S.No Member ID Type COV(%)
(Psi) Deviation
472 13.5
No. of Outliers 0
118

Final-Technical Assessment Study of The NRC Godowns at Azakhel, District Nowshera 23-3-2021

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Final-Technical Assessment Study of The NRC Godowns at Azakhel, District Nowshera 23-3-2021

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REPORT

Department of Civil Engineering,

March 24th, 2021

List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... 6

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 7

2. Team Composition .......................................................................................................... 9

3. Buildings Description ................................................................................................... 10

4. 1 Visual Inspection ........................................................................................................ 10

4.2 Development of Masterplan for the site ...................................................................... 47

4.3 Field and Laboratory Work ......................................................................................... 47

4.4 Testing and Results ..................................................................................................... 54

4.5 Reproducing of As-built Architectural and Structural Drawings................................ 68

4.6 Assessment of As-built Conditions ............................................................................. 68

4.7 Retrofitting Scheme..................................................................................................... 74

Figure 1. Spalling of concrete from roof slab .......................................................................... 11

Figure 32. Cracks in infill masonry wall ................................................................................. 29

Figure 65. Dampness inside building....................................................................................... 47

Table 1. Details of Samples ..................................................................................................... 49

1. Prof. Dr. Khan Shahzada Team Leader/Technical Adviser

4.1.1 Block A1, A2, A3, and A4

Figure 1. Spalling of concrete from roof slab

Figure 2. Spalling of concrete from shades

Figure 3. Spalling of concrete from beams

Figure 4. Spalling of plaster due to dampness

Figure 5. Spalling of Plaster

Figure 6. Buckled column repaired with concrete

Figure 7. Beam Column joint crack

Figure 8. Beam Column joint crack

Figure 10. Crack in infill masonry wall

Figure 11. Crack in infill masonry wall

Figure 12. Infiltration of rainwater from slab through cracks

Figure 13. Cracks in slab causing infiltration of rain water

Figure 14. Cracks in slab causing infiltration of rain water

Figure 15. Efflorescence in walls near ground level

Figure 16. Dampness inside the building

Figure 17. Efflorescence in outer walls near ground level

Figure 18. Efflorescence in walls near ground level

4.1.2 Block B1, B2, B3, and B4

Figure 19. Buckling of column

Figure 20. Separation of floor, wall, and column

Figure 21. Separation of infill wall from column

Figure 22. Large vertical crack in infill masonry wall

Figure 23. Cracks in infill masonry

Figure 24. Infiltration of rainwater from slab through cracks

Figure 25. Crack in a column of Building B3

Figure 26. Efflorescence in bricks near ground level

Figure 27. Dampness near ground level

Figure 28. Excessive Dampness inside the building

4.1.3 Block C1, C2, C3, and C4

Figure 29. Separation of infill wall from the beam

Figure 30. Separation of infill wall from the beam

Figure 32. Cracks in infill masonry wall

Figure 33. Cracks in slab causing infiltration of rain water

Figure 34. Spalling of concrete from slab

Figure 35. Spalling of concrete from shades

Figure 36. Spalling of concrete from shades

Figure 37. Spalling of concrete from slab

Figure 38. Excessive dampness on outer walls

Figure 39. Excessive dampness inside building

Figure 40. Excessive dampness on outer walls

4.1.4 Block D1, D2, D3 and D4

Figure 42. Cracks in slab causing infiltration of rain water