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Various types of S OU RABH NEG I

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Jacketing in structural
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Construction. construction
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JU LY 9, 2022
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Jacketing is a method of encasing an existing structural member with new
material. It is a structural retrofitting and strengthening technique where the
size of an existing section is either increased or restored to its original size
using a thin layer of concrete or some other suitable material like carbon or
glass fibres, or plates.

This jacket (a thin layer of additional material) increases the load-bearing

capacity of the structural member. The technique is used for the repair of
columns, beams, and walls. The additional reinforcement is wrapped around
the section in consideration and into this shotcrete or in situ concrete is
placed.

This additional layer of reinforcement and concrete increases the strength of

the concrete and prevents the section from further deterioration.
 Table of Contents
1. Need of Jacketing
2. Advantages of Jacketing in Construction
3. Types of Jacketing
3.1. Reinforced Concrete Jacketing
3.1.1. Benefits of Reinforced Concrete Jacketing
3.1.2. Drawbacks of Reinforced Concrete Jacketing
3.2. Steel Jacketing Method
3.2.1. Steel Jacketing for Piers
3.2.2. Advantages of Steel Jacketing
3.2.3. Drawbacks of Steel Jacketing
3.3. Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Jacketing.  
3.3.1. Advantages of FRP Jacketing
3.3.2. Drawbacks of FRP Jacketing
3.4. Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Jacketing
3.5. Near Surface-mounted Fiber Reinforced Polymer Concrete
3.5.1.  Advantages of near-surface mounted fibre reinforced polymer concrete
3.5.2. Drawbacks of near-surface mounted fibre reinforced polymer concrete
3.6. Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Wire Jacketing
3.6.1. Advantages of Shape Memory Alloy Wire Jacketing
3.6.2. Drawbacks of Shape Memory Alloy Wire Jacketing
3.7. Hybrid Jacketing
3.7.1. Advantages of Hybrid Jacketing
3.7.2. Drawbacks of hybrid jacketing
4. Conclusion

Need of Jacketing

Jacketing in Civil Engineering is required to increase the strength of

structural members like beam-column slabs etc. Sometimes due to the
exposed environment strength of these structural components reduces over
time. Another reason may be poor construction technique or the quality of
the material.

If the structural component like a column is built but due to negligence it

doesn’t develop the desired strength, then the strength may be increased by
this method. Other reasons may be wrong design, due to some event like an
earthquake, fire explosion, or change in structure use.
 When the load of the structure is increased and existing columns can’t
take that load.
When the design is faulty.
When poor quality material is used.
When the wrong construction practice is followed. e.g. steel bars are
bent from their original axis.
When structure component is deteriorated due to weathering agency.
Damage to column due to flood, earthquake, fire, etc.

Advantages of Jacketing in Construction

Increases the strength and displacement capacity of a structure.

The shear strength of the column is increased.
Certain type of jacketing (steel, FRP) doesn’t increase the overall
section of the concrete structure.
The seismic capacity of the column is increased.

Types of Jacketing

Various methods of jacketing are available nowadays. Some of these methods

are discussed in detail in the post.

Reinforced Concrete Jacketing

In reinforced Concrete Jacketing, additional longitudinal and lateral steel

reinforcement is tied around the old structure and formwork is placed. The
space between the old member and newly laid formwork is then filled with
either the normal or modified concrete. the use of normal concrete is
discouraged as concrete has a tendency to shrink and may not form a bond
with old concrete.
 Various methods of Reinforced Column Jacketing

Thus micro concrete is used which doesn’t shrink. This addition of reinforced
concrete as a jacket increases the flexural strength, ductility, and shear
strength of the column. Effective jacketing is easy to achieve in circular
columns but in square columns, it is difficult to achieve effective jacketing.

Vertical bars in the mid-region of each face of the column are susceptible to
buckling, but the corners are effectively confined. To address this, a hole is
drilled through the column, and cross-links are installed as shown below
 Reinforcement detail of Column Jacketing

Benefits of Reinforced Concrete Jacketing

Commonly used/easily available material.

Easy process, every engineer can do it.
Increase strength and ductility.
Reinforce cement can take any shape.

Drawbacks of Reinforced Concrete Jacketing

It is expensive, time-consuming and labour intensive due to the use of

formwork.
Cross-sectional size increased which will change the stiffness and
seismic demands.
An increase in ductility is small because the use of concrete increases
brittleness.

Steel Jacketing Method

In the steel Jacketing method, the angle section is wrapped around the
corners of the column, and the steel flat is joined using structural pouring
glue in-between angle sections. to enhance its load-carrying capacity.

The steel jacketing method increases the load-carrying capacity and increases
the ductility and rigidity of the column without much increase in the size of
column. It can be used in places where the size of the existing column cannot
be increased but load-carrying capacity, ductility, and rigidity need to be
increased.
 Steel Jacketing

The steel is placed on the column and joined using structural pouring glue.
Steel jacking increases the cross-sectional area of steel under tension and
compression.

Steel Jacketing for Piers

Steel Jacketing was developed for circular columns. Two half-shell of steel
plate is wrapped around the column and welded at the site. A gap of 50 mm is
provided between the jacket and column. The space is grouted with cement
grout. For rectangular columns, elliptical confinement is used and the space
between the column is filled with unmodified concrete.

A rectangular steel jacket around a rectangular column is not recommended.

The rectangular jacket is fully capable to restrain the shear but the flexural
ductility is not developed except at the corners. Thus rectangular jacketing is
avoided.

Advantages of Steel Jacketing

 It is a ductile and commonly used material.
Good confinement, increase both strength and ductility.

Drawbacks of Steel Jacketing

Expansive and labour intensive.

Rusting/corrosion can occur.
Heavyweight.
Change in cross-sectional size cause change in stiffness and seismic
demand.

Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Jacketing.  

Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FPR) jacketing is one of the most used retrofitting
techniques. It has a high strength-to-weight ratio, good impact resistance,
highly resistant to corrosion. It has a great advantage because it causes
minimum alteration to the structure.

The reinforcement corrosion is a big problem in old buildings, to strengthen

the corroded columns fibre reinforced polymer is used. It significantly
increases the shear strength. Fibre-reinforced polymer technology is divided
into two types fibre cloth reinforcement technology and fibre plate
reinforcement technology. 

Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Jacketing

Carbon fibre has high strength and is light in weight. After jacketing the
appearance of the structural component is practically not changed and at the
same time weight of the structure is not increased much. The FRP Jacketing
process is very simple, short, and high efficiency.

Carbon fibre has a high elastic modulus. It performs better in temperature

cracks and rust expansion cracks. It does not require external connections
like bolts and anchors and there is no damage to the existing structure.
Carbon fibre reinforced is very thin, and when the double or triple layer is
pasted there is no influence of shear moment so the reinforcement effect is
better.

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Carbon fibre cloth material can be used in narrow spaces due to its flexibility
and weldability. the process is easy and thus saves a lot of time

Advantages of FRP Jacketing

Easy laying and fast installation speed.

It is corrosion-resistant.
Very less modifications to the structure and aesthetics don’t change.
High strength to weight ratio and high durability.
Enhancement in strength and ductility.

Drawbacks of FRP Jacketing

Material is costly but easy installation reduces the overall cost.

low efficiency due to debonding.
Can perform poorly in high temperature and wet environments.
The increase in strength is relatively less.
Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Jacketing

Glass Fibre-reinforced Polymer Jacketing is corrosion-resistant, non-magnetic

and possesses good resistance to chemical attacks. Glass Fibre is mixed in the
concrete during construction, but now Fibre Reinforced Polymer composite
can be laid externally with much ease.

This easy laying property makes it the most popular used retrofitting
technique. This high-strength, chemical-resistant glass fibre is embedded in
concrete. Fibre takes load while surrounding concrete keeps it in the desired
location.

Near Surface-mounted Fiber Reinforced Polymer Concrete

In the Near Surface Mounted technique, grooves are first cut into the
concrete cover of the structure and Fibre Reinforced Polymer is bonded
therein with groove filler like epoxy paste or cement grout.

Near Surface-mounted Fiber Reinforced Polymer Concrete

The advantages of the NSM technique are better resistance to corrosion, an

increase in speed of installation and reduced groove size due to high tensile
strength and corrosion-resistant.

 Advantages of near-surface mounted fibre reinforced polymer concrete

Less prone to debonding.

Minimum disturbance to aesthetics and geometry of the structure.
 less prone to accidental damage due to impact due to protection by the
concrete cover.
enhances strength considerably.

Drawbacks of near-surface mounted fibre reinforced polymer concrete

Material is costly but easy installation reduces the overall cost.

More labour intensive than Fibre-reinforced polymer concrete but less
labour intensive than RC jacketing.
ductility doesn’t increase much.

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Wire Jacketing

Shape memory allow has been used for retrofitting of bridges and buildings.
This SMA has potential for seismic applications due to their mechanical
behaviour such as shape memory effect and superelastic behaviour. They are
more useful than FRP and other retrofitting techniques due to no need for
adhesive, and very easy installation.

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Wire Jacketing

Advantages of Shape Memory Alloy Wire Jacketing

Very fast installation

Doesn’t require adhesive
no danger of peeling off
highly elastic and durable
 increases strength and durability

Drawbacks of Shape Memory Alloy Wire Jacketing

it is costly.
composite action with concrete is missing.
strength doesn’t increase much

Hybrid Jacketing

As the name suggests Hybrid Jacketing is a combination of two or more

retrofitting methods/materials for enhancing the strength of the column. The
use of two or more than two methods draws advantages from both methods.
The Hybrid Jacketing method requires no curing time and is less expensive
than FRP Technique.

(a) damaged column, (b) patched column with repair grout, (c) sheet metal wrapping, and (d) prestressing
strands application. 

It is lighter in weight than Steel or Concrete jackets and installation is less

labour-intensive.

Advantages of Hybrid Jacketing

Fast installation.
the minimum change in geometry and aesthetics of the structure.
highly durable
Significant increase in both strength and ductility.
Drawbacks of hybrid jacketing

Costly material.
labour-intensive as compared to FRP.

Conclusion

Jacketing is the retrofitting technique for increasing the strength and

seismicity of the building member. Various types of jacketing methods are
available like Reinforced concrete jacketing, steel jacketing, fibre-reinforced
jacketing, Near Surface-mounted Fiber Reinforced Polymer Concrete, Shape
memory alloy wire jacketing and a Combination of any two of the above
methods.

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Image Source: iitk.ac.in, horseen.com, sciencedirect.com, researchgate.net

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