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    Antía Hermida
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    This document outlines some of the major schools and theories in linguistics from antiquity to the 20th century. It includes: 1) Early theories from Babylonian, Hindu, Greek, Roman, and Arabic scholars on topics like grammar, morphology, phonetics, and the origin of language. 2) Comparative methods and family tree theories developed in the 16th-18th centuries to establish relationships between languages. 3) 19th century schools including Neogrammarians who studied sound change and structuralism which looked at the underlying structures of language. 4) Major 20th century schools that contributed to modern linguistics such as formalism, Prague School, British structuralism, Copenhagen School

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    LINGUISTICS HISTORY MINDMAP

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    This document outlines some of the major schools and theories in linguistics from antiquity to the 20th century. It includes: 1) Early theories from Babylonian, Hindu, Greek, Roman, and Arabic scholars on topics like grammar, morphology, phonetics, and the origin of language. 2) Comparative methods and family tree theories developed in the 16th-18th centuries to establish relationships between languages. 3) 19th century schools including Neogrammarians who studied sound change and structuralism which looked at the underlying structures of language. 4) Major 20th century schools that contributed to modern linguistics such as formalism, Prague School, British structuralism, Copenhagen School

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views1 page

    Linguistics History Mindmap

    Uploaded by

    Antía Hermida
    This document outlines some of the major schools and theories in linguistics from antiquity to the 20th century. It includes: 1) Early theories from Babylonian, Hindu, Greek, Roman, and Arabic scholars on topics like grammar, morphology, phonetics, and the origin of language. 2) Comparative methods and family tree theories developed in the 16th-18th centuries to establish relationships between languages. 3) 19th century schools including Neogrammarians who studied sound change and structuralism which looked at the underlying structures of language. 4) Major 20th century schools that contributed to modern linguistics such as formalism, Prague School, British structuralism, Copenhagen School

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    of 1

    LINGUISTICS' SCHOOLS AND THEORIES

    ANTIQUITY MIDDLE 16TH-18TH



    AGES CENTURY

    BABILONIAN HINDU GREEK ROMAN ARABIC HEBREW UNIVERSAL COMPARATIVE


    LISTS OF NOUNS GRAMMAR = PHONETICS
    AND MORPHOLOGY
    ORIGIN OF
    LANGUAGE/PARTS OF
    MORPHOLOGY
    VARRO
    MORPHOLOGY +
    PHONETICS
    MORPHOLOGY+PHONETICS
    JOSEF AL FAYYUM

    GRAMMAR METHOD
    PANINI SPEECH ABU AL-ASWAD AL-DU ʾ ALI BASIC FEATURES TO ALL LANGUAGES SYSTEM OF PRINCIPLES TO ESTABLISH THE
    DIONYSIUS THRAX ROGER BACON RELATEDNESS OF LANGUAGES
    ANDREAS JÄGER/WILLIAM JONES/RASMUS RASK

    19TH 20TH
    CENTURY CENTURY

    CONT. NEOGRAMMARIANS STRUCTURALISM


    COMPARATIVE SOUND CHANGE AS REGULAR AND EXCEPTIONLESS
    HERMANN OSTHOFF/KARL BRUGMANN/KARL VERNER
    STUDY OF THE UNDERLYING STRUCTURES OF SIGNIFICATION
    SIGNIFIED VS SIGNIFIER
    FORMALISM
    FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE

    METHOD
    FAMILY TREE THEORY/WAVE THEORY
    AUGUST SCHLEICHER/JOHANNES SCHMIDT

    PRAGUE SCHOOL BRITISH STRUCT. COPENHAGEN SCHOOL AMERICAN STRUCT.


    LANGUAGE AS SYNCHRONYC AND DYNAMIC GLOSSEMATICS: SUBSTANCE+FORM SYNCHRONIC ANALYSIS+PHONETICS
    SEMANTICS+PHONOLOGY
    VILÉM MATHESIUS/ROMAN JAKOBSON/ NIKOLAY LOUIS HJELMSLEV/VIGGO BRØNDAL/JØRGEN ULDALL FRANZ BOAS/EDWARD SAPIR/LEONARD
    DANIEL JONES/J.R. FIRTH/MICHAEL HALLIDAY
    TRUBETSKOY BLOOMFIELD/CHARLES HOCKETT/ZELLIG HARRIS

    FUNCTIONALISM DEPENDENCY GENERATIVE


    GRAMMAR GRAMMAR
    SYNTAX: VERB AS THE CENTER LANGUAGE AS A SET OF RULES
    LUCIEN TESNIÈRE NOAM CHOMSKY

    AMERICAN BRITISH OTHERS

    LEXICAL- HEAD-DRIVEN TRANSFORMATIONAL


    FUNCTIONAL- SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL PHRASE- GENERATIVE
    ROLE & REFERENCE
    TYPOLOGICAL FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR GRAMMAR STRUCTURE GRAMMAR
    GRAMMAR GRAMMAR GRAMMAR
    FOCUS ON SEMANTICS
    SIMON C. DIK
    SYNTAX
    JOAN BRESNAN/RONALD KAPLAN GRAMMAR NOAM CHOMSKY
    SEMANTICS+PRAGMATICS
    PERFORMANCE, ISOMORPHYSM+TYPOLOGY LANGUAGE USE+GRAMMAR+PRAGMATICS LEXICON+GRAMMAR RULES
    WILLIAM A. FOLEY/ROBERT VAN VALIN MICHAEL HALLIDAY CARL POLLARD/IVAN SAG
    TALMY GIVÓN

    STANDARD THEORY (1955-65)


    EXTENDED STANDARD THEORY (1965-1973)
    (REVISED) EXTENDED STANDARD THEORY
    (1966-1978)
    GOVERNMENT AND BINDING THEORY
    (1980S)
    MINIMALIST PROGRAM (1990S)
    WEST COAST GREENBERGIAN COGNITIVE

    FUNCTIONAL TRADITION GRAMMAR


    GRAMMAR
    TYPOLOGY & FOCUS ON ALL LANGUAGES RELATION OF LANGUAGE, COGNITION & PERCEPTION
    JOSEPH GREENBERG RONALD LANGACKER

    GRAMMATICALISATION

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