Yangon Technological University

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Engineering Mechanics
ME 21015
General Principles

Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D)

Associated Professor
09961865985
mawinpapaye@gmail.com
 Manner Guidelines in this Lecture Room
 Do not disturb your classmates.

 Be reasonable and act politely.

 Turn off your mobile phone. If you have urgent calls to make or answer,
kindly leave the room.

 No food. Only water is allowed.

 No noisy chat.

 Dress properly.

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 2

 Course Syllabus
 Engineering Mechanics I : 3 (3-1-0) Credits

 Lecture Hour: Mon 01:00 - 02:50 @ 7/2-1 (Sec - A) Tue 10:00 - 11:50 @ 7/2-1 (Sec- B)
Fri 10:00 -11:50 Fri 01:00 - 02:50
 Assessment
– Test 20 %
– Final Examination 80 %

 Course Materials
Lecture notes
Power points slides

Textbooks
Engineering Mechanics: Statics 14th edition by R.C. Hibbeler

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 3

 Outlines

 Mechanics

 Fundamental Concepts

 Units of Measurement

 The international System of Units

 Numerical Calculations

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 4

 Learning Outcomes

 To know the basic quantities and idealizations of mechanics.

 To memorize Newton’s Laws of Motion and Gravitation.

 To understand the principles for applying the SI system of units.

 To examine the standard procedures for performing numerical calculations.

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 5

 What is Engineering?
 An engineer is a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical
problems
 Engineers create new things and make old things better

What is Mechanics?
 Mechanics is the foundation of most engineering sciences and is an
indispensable prerequisite to their study.

 Mechanics is a branch of the physical sciences that is concerned with the

state of rest or motion of bodies that are subjected to the action of forces.

 Study of what happens to a “thing” (the technical name is “BODY”) when

FORCES are applied to it.

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 6

 Introduction to Mechanics
The study of physical state of bodies at rest
and in motion under the action of forces

Mechanics

Solid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics

Mechanics of Mechanics of
rigid body deformable body

Dynamics
Statics

Kinematics Kinetics
The equilibrium of bodies,
either at rest or move with a
Geometric Analysis of force
constant velocity;
aspects of motion causing motion
General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 7
 Fundamental Concepts
 Before we start our study in engineering mechanics, it is critical to
understand the meaning of several fundamental concepts and principles.

Length is used to locate the position of a point

Length in space and thereby describe the size of a
physical system [Distances, Geometric
Properties]
Time Time is conceived as a succession of events
Basic [basic quantity in Dynamics]
Quantities
Mass is a measure of a quantity of matter that
Mass is used to compare the action of one body with
that of another [resistance to change in
velocity]
Force In general, force is considered as a “push” or
“pull” exerted by one body on another
General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 8
 Fundamental Concepts (continued)
 Models or idealizations are used in mechanics in order to simplify application of
the theory.
A particle has a mass, but a size that can
Particle be neglected.

a combination of a large number of particles

Idealization in which all the particles remain at a fixed
Rigid Body distance from one another, both before and
or Models
after applying a load

Concentrated A concentrated force represents the effect of

Force a loading which is assumed to act at a point
on a body
General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 9
 We may consider the steel railroad wheel as a
For any force analysis, we rigid body since it does not deform very much
can assume the hook as a under load and the force acting on it can be
particle. considered as a concentrated load.
General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 10
Basic Concept - Definition

Particle: Body of negligible dimensions

Rigid body: Body with negligible deformations

Non-rigid body: Body which can deform

Before considering whether

the body can be assumed
rigid-body or not,

you need to estimate the

In Statics, bodies are considered rigid unless relevant force first.
stated otherwise.
 Newton’s Three Laws of Motion

First Law
• A particle originally at rest, or moving in a
straight line with constant velocity, tends to
remain in this state provided the particle is
not subjected to an unbalanced force

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 12

 Second Law
• A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F
experiences an acceleration a that has the same
direction as the force and a magnitude that is directly
proportional to the force

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 13

 Third Law
• The mutual forces of action and reaction between two
particles are equal, opposite, collinear, and acting on
different body

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 14

 Newton’s Law of Gravitation

M1, M2 = masses of particles

G = the universal constant of gravitation
(6.6723×10-11 m3/kg.s2)
R = the distance between the particles

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 15

 Unit Systems
The four basic quantities - length, mass, time and force are related by
Newton’s 2nd law of motion, F = ma. Three of these are assigned units (called
base units) and the fourth unit is derived. Which one is derived varies by the
system of units.
We will work with two unit systems in statics:
• International System (SI)
• U.S. Customary (FPS)

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 16

 Units of Measurement

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 17

 Common Conversion Factors
Recall that; 1 ft = 12 in, 5280 ft = 1 mi (mile), 1000 lb = 1 klb (kilo-pound),
and 2000 lb = 1 ton.

Can you convert a force value of 47 lb into SI units?

Answer is 209.06 N
General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 18
 The International System Of Units
Prefixes
 When a numerical quantity is either very large or very small, the units
used to define its size may be modified by using a prefix.

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 19

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 20
 Numerical Calculations

 Must have dimensional “homogeneity.” Dimensions have to be the same

on both sides of the equal sign, (e.g. distance = speed  time.)

 we will use engineering notation to report a result. Use an appropriate

number of significant figures (3 for answer, at least 4 for intermediate
calculations). Why?

For instance, 23 400 has three significant figures, it is written as 23.4(103).

0.008 21 has three significant figures, this number is expressed as 8.21(10–3).
0.000 582 can be expressed as 0.582(10–3) or 582(10–6).

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 21

 0.555555556

1.8241469816

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 22

General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 23
General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 24
General Principles Win Pa Pa Aye (Ph.D) 25