MAY 2015 MSTE strengthening of a metal by plastic

deformation.
NO TERMS
BUCKLING – failure by lateral or torsional
instability of a structural member.
MAY 2015 HGE
YIELDING – refers to the stress at which a
SURFACE TENSION – elastic tendency of material begins to deform plastically
liquids which makes them acquire the least
surface area possible.
NOVEMBER 2015 MSTE
DEGREE OF SATURATION – ratio
between volume of water and the volume of WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE
voids MOST IMPORTANT IN AVOIDING
BIAS IN SURVEYING?
VOID RATIO – ratio between volume of
voids and volume of solids a. making sure every individual in the
population of interest is invited to respond
MOISTURE CONTENT – ratio between
weight of water and weight of solid particles b. care in choosing individuals who you feel
are representative of the population in terms
of as many characteristics as you can list
MAY 2015 SEC
c. picking a sampling method in which every
ISOTROPIC MATERIAL – has a stress- combination of people has the same chance
strain relationship that is independent of the of being selected
orientation of the coordinate system at a
d. sending out a large enough number of
point. It is the one having the same elastic
surveys so that even if the response rate is
properties in all directions at any one point of
low, you will have sufficient numbers of
the body.
responses to do a statistical analysis
HOMOGENEOUS MATERIAL – the
material is homogeneous if the material
elastic properties are the same at all points in NOVEMBER 2015 HGE
the body.
12,5 N/m^3 – unit weight of dry air at
ORTHOTROPIC MATERIAL – material standard temperature and pressure
composition is the same but its mechanical
ARCHIMEDES – the one who stated law of
properties are different in every direction
buoyancy
ELASTICITY – refers to the tendency of
STEADY FLOW – at any particular time,
solid materials to return to their original
velocity and discharge is the same.
shape after being forces are applied on them.
When the forces are removed, the object will LIQUEFACTION – a phenomenon in
return to its initial shape and size. which the strength and stiffness of soil is
reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid
WORK HARDENING – also known as
loading
strain hardening or cold working, is the
COHESION – component of rock or soil is 1:2 SLOPE – steepness of the cut and fill
which is independent of interparticle friction (above natural ground) shall not exceed based
on NSCP
EFFECTIVE STRESS – when a pile of
sand keeps from spreading out like liquid
because the weight of the sand keeps the
NOVEMBER 2015 SEC
grains together in their current arrangement,
mostly out of static fiction. NONE
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT
A SOIL COMPONENT?
MAY 2016 MSTE
a.adhesion
THE WARRANT FOR THE USE OF
b. minerals SAFETY BARRIERS CAN BE
ESTABLISHED CONSIDERING?
c. gas
a.fore slope of back slope steepnes bs and
d. none of these
height
SIEVE ANALYSIS – a practice or
b.unforgiving hazards within the clear zone
procedure used to asses particle size
distribution of a particular material. c.water hazards within the clear zone
BOULDERS – particles of rock that will not MESSAGES WHEN PAINTED ON
pass a 12-inch (300 mm) square opening PAVEMENTS SHOULD BE LIMITED
TO HOW MANY WORDS ONLY? –
COBBLE – grain size greater than 4.75 mm
Three words or less
but less than 75 mm
4 TYPES OF PAVEMENT AND CURB
GRAVEL – grain size that will pass 75 mm
MARKINGS – longitudinal lines, transverse
sieve and be retained on 4.75 mm sieve
lines, other lines and other markings
COARSE – passes 75 mm and retained on 19
LONGITUDINAL LINES – those laid in
mm sieve
direction of travel
FINE – passes 19 mm sieve and retained on
TRANSVERSE LINE – laid across
4.75 sieve
direction of travel
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DOES
CLIMBING LANE – roadway lane design
NOT AFFECT THE SETTLEMENT OF
typically used on interstate highways
FOOTING?
DESING OF OVERTAKING LANES
a.location of GWT
AND CLIMBING LANES REQUIRES
b. depth of backfill THE CONSIDERATION OF THE
FOLLOWING:
c. plasticity of soil
a.initial diverge taper
d. none of these
b. auxillary lane length
c.end or merge taper
DENSITY – defined as the number of
vehicles per unit distance occupying a section
of roadway at a given instant time
FLOW – rate at which vehicles pass a fixed
point
CAPACITY – maximum hourly rate at
which vehicles can be reasonably expected to
transverse a point
PIER – any structure built into the sea but not
parallel to the coast line
PORT – a place where ships may anchor or
tie up for the purpose of shelter etc
LIGHTHOUSE – a tower, building, or other
type of structure designed to emit light
WHARF- continuous structure built parallel
to along the margin of the sea or alongside
riverbanks
MINIMUM K VALUE SAG VERTICAL
SHOULD BE SELECTED ON THE
BASIS OF THREE CONTROLLING
FACTORS:
a.sight distance is a requirement in all
situations for driver safety
b.appearance is generally required in low fill
and flat topography situations
c. riding comfort is a general requirement
with specific need on approaches to a
floodway where the length of depression
needs to be minimized
d. vertical alignment should fit into the
natural terrain earthwork balances
MAY 2016 HGE
TURBULENT – path lines of individual
particles of a flowing liquid are irregular
curves and continually cross each other and
form a complicated network
HYDRAULIC GRADIENT – line joining
the highest points of elevation of water in a
series of vertical pipes
WATER HAMMER – pressure surge or
wave when a fluid in motion is forced to stop
or change direction
MAY 2016 SEC
TOUGHNESS – ability of material to absorb
energy in plastic range
RESILLIENCE – ability of material to
absorb energy in elastic range
DUCTILITY – refers to ability of a material
to deform in the plastic range without
breaking
CENTER OF RIGIDITY – point through
which the resultant of the resistance to the
applied lateral forces acts
CENTER OF MASS – point on a structure
where the resultant vertical forces acts
ECCENTRICITY – distance between
center of mass and center of rigidity
NOVEMBER 2016 MSTE
PROPER SEQUENCE OF POLYGONS –
rectangle, square, parallelogram,
quadrilateral
RUMBLE STRIPS – type of thermoplastic
lane marking designed to aid and provide
motorist with visual, audio, and motion
warning
LANE LINES MUS NOT BE
CONTINUED ON THO FOLLOWING
CASES;
a.across signalized intersections.
b.across side street entrances
c. pass the start of the taper at which a multi-
lane road narrows done
d. on roads with more than two lanes if not
separated by median islands
GUIDE SIGNS – inform and advise road
users of directions, distances, routes, the
location of services for road sers, and points
of interest
REGULATORY SIGNS – signs that inform
road users of traffic laws and regulations
WARNING SIGNS – warn road users of
condition on or adjacent to the road that may
be unexpected or hazardous
TRAFFIC SIGNS – device mounted on a
fixed support whereby a specific message is
conveyed by means of words or symbols
SHOULDER PAVING IS A VALUABLE
METHOD OF PROVIDING:
a.integrity of pavement
b.width to place edgeline pavement markings
c.additional safety to prevent vehicles
skidding
d.low maintenance cost compared to
shoulders
PIER – any structure built into the sea but not
pareallel to the coast line
FAIRWAY- a body of water with navigable
depth leading to a harbor
SHOAL – natural submerged ridge, covered
by sand or other material and rises from the
bed of a body of water to near the surface
CHANNEL – a strait or narrow sea between
two close landmasses
NOVEMBER 2016 HGE
4 DEGREES CELSIUS – temperature
which liquid water has highest density
PASCALS LAW – pressure exerted onto a
liquid is transmitted equally and
undiminished to all portions of liquid
BERNOULLI – in any stream flowing
steadily without friction the total energy
contained is the at every point on the path of
its flow
0.074 mm – largest grain size that may pass
NO. 200 sieve
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT
A CHARACTERISTIC OF COHESIVE
SOIL?
a.posses low shear strength
b.pratically permeable
c. plastic and compressible
d.decrease shear strength when disturbed
NOVEMBER 2016 SEC
GROUND DISPLACEMENT – can be
measured by seismometer
INVERSE OF STIFFNESS- refers to
flexibility of structural system
YIELDING – stress point where material
will have appreaciable deform when small
amount of stress is experience
TOUGHNESS – ability of material to
deform in plastic range without breaking
ELASTIC LIMIT – greatest stress that can
be applied to an elastic body without causing
permanent deformation
MAY 2017 MSTE
GRAPH – set of points together with line
segments joining the points in pairs
NODES IN A GRAPH – a point is a node
if there is atleast one path starting from it or
reaching it
ARCS IN A GRAPH – the line segment
joining two nodes in an arc
REGION – area bounded by arcs
NORTH DIRECTION – this should always
be shown on site plans for orientation
purposes
STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE FOR
CALCULATING AZIMUTHS
CLOCKWISE:
1.plan and prepare
2.perform the calculation
3.check the calculation
4. calculate the azimuths clockwise traverse
GIVEN THE GEOMETRIC
RELATIONSHIPS, WHICH
STATEMENTS ARE TRUE?
a.at the PC (point of curvature) and PT (point
of tangency), the radius and tangent are
perpendicular
b.The angle between the tangent and the long
chords origination the PC or PT is equal to
one half of I
c. the curvature at the center of the circle that
subtends the arc between the PC and PT is
called central angle. Its value is the same as
the angle “I”
VERTICAL CURVE – normally parabolas
centerd about the point of intersection of the
vertical, tangents they join
MAY 2017 HGE
POROSITY – ratio of volume of voids to the
total solid volume
DEGREE OF SATURATION – ratio of
volume of water to the volume of voids
ATTERBERG LIMIT TESTS IS DONE
ON AGGREGATES THAT PASS
THROUGH WHAT SIEVE SIZE? – 40
NOVEMBER 2017 MSTE
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE
CORRECT?
a.if two sides of a triangle are congruent, the
angles opposite these sides are congruent
b.if two angles of a triangle are congruent, the
sides opposite these angles are congruent
c.an equilateral triangle is equiangular
d. an equiangular triangle is equilateral
REACTION DISTANCE AND
BRAKING DISTANCE – components of
stopping sight distance
DRAINAGE – primary consideration in the
design of geometric cross-section of
highways, runways, and taxiways
VOLUME – maximum number of vehicles
which can be accommodated by a given
facility under a given level of service
HORIZONTAL CONTROL – commonly
identified as primary, secondary and working
control on the jobsite
BREAKING WAVES – waves which fall
forward since the forward velocity of the
crest particles exceeds the velocity of
propagation of the wave length L is less than
7 times the wave height
STEEPNESS – ratio of wave height to wave
length
MLLW – mean lower low water
NOVEMBER 2017 HGE
NONE
NOVEMBER 2017 SEC
NONE
MAY 2018 MSTE
SWELLS – waves under influence of the
winds
CAPACITY – the maximum sustained 15-
minute rate of flow, expressed in passenger
cars per hour per lane, which can be
accommodated by a uniform freeway
segment under prevailing traffic and roadway
conditions
WARNING SIGNS – warn road users of
condition to the road that may be unexpected
or hazardous
PURPOSE OF INSTALLING EDGE
LINES:
1.to discourage travel on road shoulders
2.to make driving safer and more assured
3.to act as a guide past objects, which are
close to the edge of the pavement
4.to prevent parking at or near intersections
ROAD CAPACITY – maximum number of
vehicles, which may have a reasonable
expectation of passing over a given section of
a line or a roadway
MAY 2018 HGE
WHICH IS NOT A CHARACTERISTIC
OF COHESIONLESS SOIL?
a.easy to compact
b. high shear strength
c.prone to settlement due to vibrating loads
d.practically impermeable
IN STANDARD PENETRATION TEST,
MEDIUM DENSE SAND HAVE
NUMBER OF BLOWS OF? – 10 to 30
MAY 2018 SEC
RECIPROCAL OF DEFLECTION –
refers to the rigidity of a structure
LIQUEFACTION – sudden drop of shear
strength
CENTER OF RIGIDITY – point which the IN STANDARD PRACTICE OF
resultant of the resistance to the applied later MEASURING VERITCAL OR ZENITH
force acts ANGLES, THE FOLLOWING
PRACTICES ARE OF GREAT
CENTER OF MASS – point on a structure
IMPORTANCE EXCEPT ONE:
through which applied seismic force acts
1.be sure the instrument is level
RECIPROCAL OF STIFFNESS – refers to
flexibility of structure 2,sight exactly on the target
3.sight with vertical crosshair
NOVEMBER 2018 MSTE 4.sight direct and reverse
PAVEMENT MARKINGS SHALL SPRING TIDES – high waters reach their
ONLY BE APPLIED BY? – DPWH greatest height and the low waters at the least
height, soon after the time of full and new
GUIDE SIGNS ARE GENERALLY IN
moon
WHAT SHAPE? – rectangular
WHICH OF THESE CONTOUR
ROAD CAPACITY – maximum number of
CHARACTERISTICS IS NOT TRUE?
vehicles, which may have a reasonable
expectation of passing over a given section a.contours on the ground can cross another
of lane
b.contours point upstream
OVERALL TRACK STRUCTURE FOR
c.contours are at the right angles of the slope
A RAILROAD TYPICALLY CONSISTS
OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT ONE: d.contour on the ground closes itself
a.subgrade BASED ON THE EXPRESSION ON THE
TECHNICAL RESOLUTION OF THE
b.ballast
INTERNATIONAL WATER WAY
c.spikes CONGRESS, ABOUT HOW MANY
PERCENT OF TIDE IS GUARANTEED
d.ties
SAFE FOR SHIPS? – 98%
e.rails
d.rails fastening
 NOVEMBER 2018 HGE CONTINUES TO INCREASE? – the point
is reached at which speed declines noticeably
SAND- in USCS, soild having size greater
than NO. 200 sieve (0.074 mm) but less than
No. 4 sieve (4.75 opening)
MAY 2019 HGE
10-30 – granular soil deposit considered
NONE
medium dense if blow count of standard
penetration
DECREASES – if ground water table in a MAY 2019 SEC
soil formation rises as result of flooding, the
bearing capacity ORTHOTROPIC MATERIAL
– material has the same composition at every
point but the elastic may not be the same in
NOVEMBER 2018 SEC all directions
NONE -composite material exhibits elastic
properties in one direction different from that
in perpendicular direction
MAY 2019 MSTE
ISOTROPIC MATERIAL – material has
TRAFFIC SIGNS – device mounted on a the same elastic properties in all directions
fixed support or a portable support whereby
FOCAL DEPTH – describes the location of
specific message is conveyed by means of
earthquake
words or symbols
ACTUAL DISPLACEMENT – it is
HIGEHST WAVE – maximum wave height
measured by seismometer
and wave period of the maximum wave
height in wave train MAGNITUDE OF EARTHQUAKE –
measured by Ritcher Scale
BATCHING – process of proportioning
cement, water, aggregates and additives prior
to mixing concrete
NOVEMBER 2019 MSTE
WIND SEA- when directly generated and
affected by local winds, a wind wave is called SCREEDING – to level a floor or layer of
this concrete with a straight edge using back and
forth motion while moving across the surface
A WAVE GENERATED IN DEAP
PILES – nothing more than a column driven
WATER, WHEN REACHING
into the soil to support a structure
SHOALINIG WATERS, CHARGES
NOT ONLY IN ITS HEIGHT BUT THE
PERIOD WILL? – remain constant
IN THE MEASURES OF CONGESTION
OF HIGHWAY CAPACITY, WHAT
WILL HAPPEN AS THE DENSITY
PROVISIONS OF SAFETY SIGHT RAVELLING – wearing way of the
DISTANCE DEPENDS ON THE pavement surface caused by dislodging of
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE aggreagated particles and binder. Cause is
VEHICLE: insufficient asphalt binder in the mix.
1.type of vehicle, car or truck BULK COMPOSITION OF
CONCRETE:
2.friction between the tire and road
a.Portland cement
3.eye height of driver
b.Aggregates
4.speed of vehicle
c.Water
GUIDE SIGNS – inform and advise road
users of directions, distances etc SLUMP TEST – test relative consistency of
concrete
DELAY – difference between the actual
travel time and given segment of BATCHING – most important process to
transportation system prepare concrete
SPECIFICATIONS – written instructions WAYS OF AVOIDING TRAFFIC
detailing how the facility is to be constructed CONFLICTS:
AGE OF TIDES – owing to retardation of a.Time-sharing solutions
the tidal wave in the ocean by frictional force,
b.Space-sharing solutions
as the earth revolves around daily around its
axis as the tide tends to follow the direction c.Grade separation solutions
of the moon
TRANSVERSE CRACKING – cracks
approximately at right angles to the pavement NOVEMBER 2019 HGE
of centerline CONTINUOUS FLOW – at any instant,
LONGITUDINAL CRACKING – cracks the number of particles passing every
parallel to centerline of pavement section of the stream are equal

PROVISION OF SAFETY SIGHT

DISTANCE DEPENDS ON THE NOVEMBER 2019 SEC
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ROAD
ENVIRONMENT EXCEPT: NONE

1.road geometry
2.road surface
3.road illumination at night
4. road topography
 NOVEMBER 2021 MSTE
GRAVITY WAVES – formed by frictional
drag of wind across water surface. Process of
transferring energy from wind to water.
CURING – process of providing the required
water and maintaining a favorable
temperature for a period of time
TRUE PROCEDURES IN MEASURING
ZENITH ANGLE:
a.level the instrument
b.direct sight from horizontal crosshair
c.read and record the direct vertical angle
d.reverse sight with the horizontal crosshair
TACK COAT – an application of hot
bitumen given to the old surface to provide
adhesion to the old and new road
INNER SIDE OF OUTER RAIL – when
train passes on curves without super-
elevation, it gives thrust in
BEST DESCRIBES ON DETERMINING
TRAFFIC CAPACITY – density
MEAN – expected number of production
Temperature- when inside a building, one
may notice unusual sound and change in
building, temperature causes it.
HAZARD – any source of potential damage,
harm or adverse health effects on something
or someone
RISK – chance or probability that a person
will be harmed or experience an adverse
health effect if exposed to a hazard
UNSAFE ACT - human error or personal
mistake by which there is a chance of
accident, injury, property loss, or harm to the
environment or an unsafe act is a human
activity resulting in accident injury
UNSAFE CONDITION -means
the existence of a mechanical, physical,
chemical, or environmental condition or
situation which may cause a hazard or
accident
DESIGN OF STRUCTURE – basic concept
in construction
PROCEDURES USED TO POSTION
THE VERTICAL CROSSHAIR SO
THAT IT WILL LIE IN A PLANE
PERPENDICULAR TO THE
HORINTAL AXIS:
a.check the level of instrument
b.sight the telescope on some sharply-defined
point at a certain distance
c.Clamp both horizontal motion tangent
screw, move the line of sight up and down
d. The vertical crosshair should remain
exactly on the point, if so, the objective has
been made
NETWORK – used in determining the
critical path method
COSTAL EROSION – most important
environmental factor considered in coastal
engineering
PROCEDURES IN PREPARATION OF
CRITICAL PATH METHOD:
a.Preperation of list of activites or events
and unique description of events
b.Setting a minimum and maximum duration
of event
c.Evaluating the sequence of activites and
events from start to finish
 NOVEMBER 2021 HGE RANGE – refers to the large amplitude
vibration of an object or system when given
DECREASE IN VERTICAL PRESSURE
impulses as its natural frequencies
– if ground water table will be at ground
level
HYDRAULIC GRADIENT – line joining MAY 2022 MSTE
highest points of elevation of water in series
THE SAFE CAPACITY OF PILES
of vertical open pies rising from a pipeline
DRIVEN BY POWERED HAMMERS IS
WATER HAMMER – pressure surge or BASED ON THE FOLLOWING DATA:
wave when a fluid is forced to stop or
I.Average penetration per blow, last
change direction
six blows
ONE OF THE FOLLOWING
FOUNDATION CONDITIONS DOES I. Energy of hammer
NOT AFFECT FOUNDATION
Il. Weight of hammer
SETTLEMENT:
a.Plasticity of soil IV. Weight of pile including

b.Depth of foundation footings appurtenances

c.Position of ground water table V. Coefficient of restitution depending

d.Effect of load to the foundations on the weight of piles

3.35 m – the basic lane width appropriate for
national road
NOVEMBER 2021 SEC
PIER – berth structure projecting out from
STORY DRIFT – displacement of one level the shoreline
relative to the level above or below
CHEVRON SIGNS – signs used to guide
TORSIONAL SHEAR STRESS – occurs drivers through a change in horizontal
when the center of mass and rigidity do no alignment of road
coincide
FATIGUE – if the structure is subjected to a
cycle of stresses and fatigue, it causes the
beam to have sudden ultimate structure
CREEP – if structure is subjected to a load
for a long period of time, it will continue to
deform until a sudden fracture occurs
PLASTICITY - a condition that when there
is already a permanent deformation, it
continues to deform when a minimal load is
applied beyond the elastic range
DELINEATION OF THE ROAD
ALIGNMENT NEEEDS TO BE
CONSIDERED AS PART OFF THE
DESIGN PROCESS TO ENSURE THAT
ADEQUATE GUIDANCE IS
PROVIDED BY ROAD USERS. IT IS
GENERALLY PROVIDED BY THE
USE OF THE FOLLOWING DEVICES:
I.Pavement Markings
II.Signs
III. Guide posts
IV. Reflective delineators
V. Lighting
VI. Curb or other physical devices
IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF
QUEING DIAGRAMS:
I.The slope of D(t) is the departure rate; the
slope of A(t) is the arrival rate.
II. The departure rate cannot exceed the
service rate or capacity of the
server. It may be less.
III. Cumulative departures can never exceed
cumulative arrivals. D(t) can never be above
A(t) in the queuing diagram.
IV. When a queue is present, the departure
rate will equal the service rate. When no
queue is present, the departure rate will equal
the arrival rate The queue first forms when
the arrival rate first exceeds the service rate.
WHAT ARE THE CAPACITY
REQUIREMENT FOR ALL
SCAFFOLDINGS?
a) At least four times its own weight
b) At least 6 times its own weight
c)At most 6 times its own weight
d) At most 5 times its own weight
DRIVING TAKS – Operating a motor
vehicle on a street can be complex and
demanding at times, but it can be boring at
other times. These range of circumstances
coupled with the range of river capabilities
presents a challenge to the highway designer.
It is helpful to begin by considering three
essential elements such as navigation,
guidance and control reffered to as driving
tasks.
PROTECTIVE SYSTEM - A method of
protecting employees from cave ins from
material that could fall or roll from an
excavation face or into an excavation or
collapse of adjacent structures. This includes
support systems, sloping and benching
systems, shield systems and other systems
that provide the necessary protection.
PLATE LINE CAPACITY – bucket
volume contained within the bucket when
following the outline of the bucket sides
CONTRACT – formal or legally binding
agreement between two parties
TOOLBOX MEETING - It is an informal
group discussion that focuses on a particular
safety issue.
GUIDE SIGNS - Signs that inform road
users about the direction and distances of
destinations on the route they are following
or along other roads that intersect their route
SPECIFICATIONS - provides the detailed
requirements for the materials, equipments,
and workmanship to be incorporated into the
project.
DAMPING CAPACITY – it is the measure NOVEMBER 2022 HGE
of a materials ability to dissipate or deaden
SLOPE OF CUT SURFACES SHALL BE
mechanical vibrations
NO STEEPER THAN IS SAFE FOR
PROFILE - This drawing has elevation as its INTEDED USE AND SHALL BE NO
vertical axis, and horizontal distance as STEEPER THAN – 1 to 2
measured along the centerline of the facility,
24 -48 – cohesive soil deposit is considered
as its horizontal axis
soft if the unconfined compression strength in
IF YOU ARE PREPARING A REPORT kPa is between this
ON PERT CPM NETWORK IN A
LIQUEFACTION – occurs in soils of
CONSTRUCTION JOB, WHAT TIME
saturated cohesionless particles such as sand
SCHEDULING SHOULD YOU
and causes a sudden drop in shear strength
CONSIDER IN THE PREPARATION OF
and bearing capacity
THE PERT CPM NETWORK
DIAGRAM?
aPessimistic time NOVEMBER 2022 SEC
b.Optimistic time NONE
c.Probable time
d) All of the above
PUNCHLIST - It occurs after the
completion of construction and the resolution
of the majority of punchlist and
commissioning issues
FORMWORK – concrete is unable to
maintain a particular shape before it sets, it
must be placed in a form of a mold
BENCHING – a method of protecting
workers from caveins be excavating the sides
of an excavation from one or a series of
horizontal level or steps