->

enduire
ductless-> rightin BS

-> HORMONES -> BS

directto
↳

it stimulates organfen.

Blood:circulation
↓
Target Organs=YFx

ORGANS
ENDOCRINE

1. PITUITARA

TH ROID Enclo
2.

insuie
3. PARATHYROID
> Glucagon
4. ofLangerhans
PANCREAS->Islets
↳ chymotrypsin/
5. ADRENAL
trel psin
↳ ExO
G. OVARIES

TESTES

terrormore
7.

Disease concept

HYPER
Cause:
#
HAPO
DX. Imaging
1. Tumor - cause

b
studies * Hashimoto's DX.
indorne/ travention- Thyroiditis Imaging
2. Idiopathic (genetics) Injurt Autoimmune (AB) CBC Blood chem
Replacement
Metabolic Hormone
3. conditions stimulant) Drug 2. Idiopathic
Anti-Hormone
at
4.Genetics present

yF
3. Metabolic->Drugs
↳coraposinit developing
of

Genetics
4.
-congenital
Hereditaryd
- cretinism

Fam
DX: Blood Test me HX

(F Hormone)
Mg+:
methimazole
↳ thyroid (4Hormone)
1. Anti-Hormones -

Mgt:
Replacement
2. Cancer Mgt: 1. Hormone stimulant
↳ Surgert less se
Radiation -> remaining cells 2. Palliative Mgt.
> chemo->cytotoxic drugs
#Isle vomiting SE: Hyper->Mgt. Stop / Report
> imbalances
Metabolic dentdration
cardiac
Alkalosis- IK =

aurythmias
(H-POKA) cardiac aresst

3. Palliative Mgt: 5/5

↳ comfort
 posage:
trial t

SE: Hypocondition er ror

Mat. Hormone Replacement

↓

SE: Hyper (Mgt:rt

pituitary
->Master->Thyroid

-> Release Hormones

> Adrenal
↳
#
Hypothalamus -> Production
Hormones

PARTS:

. Anterior->7-> GTPALFM
2. Posterior->2 -> 0A

ANTERIOR POSTERIOR
6-Growth Hormone (somatotropin) O-> oxytocin -stimulates meto
↳ stimulates
↳ YGH 21 0 ↳ methergine Pee
↳
=

bleeding
+
muscles/bones
VASO
>16 H > 21=

constriction
milk
GH 4 sleep
* - Let-down reflex:
evacuation
physical
Activity triggered:Nipple stimulation
H-PER(TGH) H P0( +0H)
-
ADH Anti-diuretic
-
hormone

. Infant:Gigantism 1. Infant:Dwarfism ↳PReabsorption signal

of

↓pted
↳ 4Tht proximal
(Hormonal)
↳n++
<IV.0:PReabsorption
proportional
*ADH
9
Acromegaly
2. Adult: "Bodt ADH
↓

↳ thickening of bones 7
x reproductive
capacity
* ↳
* Henle
↳ 4Wt > Reversible b U.0.
↓ FU.0.
> Hands, Feet,
Facial Feature (EarH=Y)
S
A
**I
SIADH
Mgt:Sando statin Achondroplasia
*

syndrome Diabetes
(octreoticle) ↳Genetic Dwarfism Of insipidus
<short
arm - Inappropriate
↳ 6H legs
Dami Ihi
reproduction
>+

2. Adult i
problem
↳ X small I hi

carginine
crasopressin
 -
Thyroid stimulating
Hormone
H-PER (YTSH) H-PO(HTSH)
Hyperthyroidism
* Hypothyroidism
(Indart
-
Same)
=

(Indary same) -

↑ TSH TTH =YI ↓TSH 1 TH -

xT4
T3

P-prolactin:;milk production
↳xeffectfor men

H-PER CTPL ( H-PO(IPL)

Galactorrhea
* No milk
*

-> nutritional
↳ 4 Milk x

support for

->
reement infant

A-> Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

↳ Stimulates Adrenal cortex

<production cortico ↓
steroids
of

ACTH
↑
ACTH
↓

->TA. Cortex -> ↓ A. Cortex

!
↑
corticosteroids corticosteroids
↓

~6 -> Glucocorticoids ->

Sugar
M - Mineralocorticoids -> Salt

A
->Androgens (Male) -sex -

L-luteinizing hormone

↳)sex characteristics

LH
↑
LH
↓

~women ~women
↳ Breast
↳ Gynecomastia
↳ Breast Atrophy
Enlargement
~Men ~Men
Deep voice pitched
Y
~
voice
 Follicle
FSH- stimulating Hormone

-> stimulates e maturation se

↑
FSH FSH
↓

-> over dev't. -> under devt.

Sterility
↳

other cause
↳
STRUCTURAL
1. Retroverted cervix

2. PCOS
3. No utews

M-> iman Hormone

stimulates Pigmentation
↑
MSH ↓
MSH
↑
Melanin in
Dark t
pigmentation
↳Medan
pigmentation
(Albinism)

Thyroid
HORMONES

y
.T3-triiodothtronine cellular

2. T4 -Thyroxine Metabolism

↑
995354 ***5354
↑
cell fo cell for
↓

↓ b
H+ per H PO
+

infroidism Introidism
~ All BodyEn vAll BOdy FXnS
~ wt, Menses, ~wt, Menses, sleep
sleep ~ cold tolerance

~ Heat tolerance
Graves Hashimoto's
common:
*
Disease Common: inyroiditis
*

serious:
*
hicosis serious:Myxedema
*

Storm ↳ coma LOC

3.Calcitonin - calcium regulation:Remove (a from Bod
↑

↳ Trigger: H
Hypercalcemia (44(a)
Bone

Parathyroid
-4
PTH
*
(parathormone) -> Bring ca blood
to

↳ Trigger: Hypocalcemia [T(a)

·
pTH PTH
↑

↑
Ca =Ca
(hyperparathyroidism) Chypoparathyroidism)
calcitonin
&)
↑
calcitonin

Pancreas
> Amylase - CHO

Exocrine Fxn= Digestive Enzymes

* > Lipase - CHON

(has duct? > Trypsin

-
Fats

>pancreatic duct

Endocrine
*

islets of langerhans (2 cells)

ALPHA CELLS:
Glucagon -> Converts Glycogen-resting form of glucose
> liver & muscles.
- glucose
BETA CELLS Insulin-> transport
=

medium for <potassium

Y toenter
receptor
-insulin
Cell E insulin 6

O 6

Diabetes Mellitus -> b&A insulin

DM 1 <3040
*
DM2 730 tO
*

No Insulin *
thin Lacks
*
Insulin Obese
*
↓
Mgt. Insulin Insulin Resistance

Insulin Dependent migt:insulin t SHA Coral hypoglycemic

3
OBSOLETE
DM1=IDDM -

Pine agents)
Early-true
DM2 NIDDM
-
=

-
Late -
false
Adrenal
1.) Adrenal cortex ->
corticosteroids epi
2.) Adrenal Medulla -> cathecholamines _ norepi
-

DRENAL CORTEX
A

ONA
&
OMA
&
H

Cushing's Disease Addison's Disease

>Hyperglycemia >H+ poglycemia

G > Moon Face
O > thin, wo
I

>Buffalo Hump ~ b energy (fatigue) glucose

&

> Tunkal Obesity Atponatremia (*Na)

> Fatigue M Hypokalemia (4K)
>Hypernatremia (TNa) >Dehydration
M ~Hypokalemia(dk) ~ Alopecia
> Edema # ~ I pitch voice

Male Char.
Set ~ ofnecomastia
women's
A
on

Hirsutism-↑ hair face(body

Deep voice

Epi
ADRENAL MEDULLA+ cathecholamines ~ Norepi -

&
cathecholamines cathecholamines
*

Cpheochromocytomal
Y
⑪Epi =

↳ tumor

Epinephrine
n
alNorepi=
↳
>cardiac stimulant
as
c restart
> anti-histamine peripheral
> bronchodilator VC
VC
↑

*EP1=
4BP
-
 Ovaries
women Progesterone
Estrogen:
*
nomone *
↑
estrogen
↑
-> meuses - Hormone of
women-
->
androgen
Pregnanct
estrogen
&

men
androgen

legtes
Testosterone:Men Hormone
*

~ Libido - Desire
~ Erection -> Action

Organ of Arousal:Brain
*

women; sex - Testosterone

Diseases
SIADH DI
ADH
&
ADH
↓

1. Small hi (oligurial 1. Dami Chi (posturial

<30ml/nr >100m)/hr

2. concentrated Urine 2. Diluted urine

~ Dark Amber ~water-like urine

-> Specific Gravity ~ A specific gravity
~ 1.810-1.030 ↳A solids I gravity
~ measures solid 3. Dehydration:
I reabsorption
-
YSp. Gravit
I solid= ↳ T H20 Loss

~ Frequency Ww+ Loss (12 (kg)

=

T Reabsorption
3. Edema: ~ Elderly:confusion
~ I H20 retention 4.Afpernatremia PNA

~ wt gain (12=(kg) Hypokalemia AK

4. Hyponatremia (Dilutional)
-Hyperkalemia
Diagnostic test
SIAD I DI
1. Blood test . Blood Test
↳TADH ↳ ADH
2. Visualization 2. Same
CT
* scan/X-ray >visualize injury
C1I:Pregnanct ~ CT scan

~ Remain still ~MRI

~Remove Metals &visualization 3. Blood test
~ 30-45 mins. WBC TT =

~ HX
of Claustrophobia AB YT =

>Mgt: sedatives

*MRI (Magnetic Field)

C1I:- Mmiants/Tattoo
colored iron ink=burns

> Failure/E
~ Remain still
~ Remove Metals= 1 Harm - Burns

~ 45-60 minutes
~ claustrophobia:Sedatives
Diazepam)

~ Normal Events
-

Humming
-
- knocking (docu only)
-
Instrumental
- Music:

- a communication
management
SIAD I DI
↑
AD H ↓
ADH
1. Anti-Hormones 1. ADHReplacement

Demectclocine
*
Desmopressin
*
ADH
↳ ADH Vasopressin
* synthetic

2. Edema mgt. ↓U.O. to Normal

Assess Edema
* 2.Dehydration Mgt:
>W+px (12 1kg)
=

~ Fluids=43L/day
time
same scale
(Force Fluids)
amt. Of
clothes
VIVF=
DSLR) -> H-Per

RestrictFluid:22Daf
*
3. Electrolyte Imbalances
Give Diuretics: RM
Y DIET
#

(Loop= Lasix) ·

>duration:Ohrs.
>KCl incorporation in IV
>Indication edema
> hypertension
SE:SIADA
Monitor
* 190 > TADHmgt:Stop & Report
(9 Output)
3. Electrolyte Imbalance

~ TNA diet->celent

~ K diet-- popsicle, gelatin, water

↳. Surgery(posterior)
-Hypophysectomyrior(ADH)
Transphenoidal
* Route

- Beneath UPPER LIP

·Epistaxis-Yeeed
mouth
document
<bleeding:
Monitor
Picp=1LOC

S/E->D1 TV.O.
* =

mgt: Ibacements
-> SIADH

mgt:Stop & Report