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IOD Structural Design of Retaining Wall With Sloping Fill
IOD Structural Design of Retaining Wall With Sloping Fill
The structural design of a reinforced concrete retaining wall with sloping fill is not usually
given as examples in design text books. The basic simplified design procedure is
presented here in excel spreadsheet
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF R.C RETAINING WALL WITH SLOPING FILL
All dimensions in mm on sketch 225
26.5 °
7000 H1 H2 H3 H4
8200
1200
5680
B
DESIGN DATA:
Height of earthfill retained above gully bed level, H 1 = 7m
Depth of foundation, D fdn = 1.2 m
2
Surcharge pressure, qs 0 kN/m
Design:
Design is to BS 8110: Parts 1,2 and 3, 1997
Preliminary Sizing:
Height of earth retained above NGL and top of splay (level fill) 7 m
Stem top width: 200 mm to 300 mm, use B stem1= 0.225 m
Base slab width: 0.6H to 0.75H, try B = 5.68 m
Thickness of base slab: 0.1H to 0.08H, try tbase = 0.700 0.7 m
Thickness of stem/base joint: 0.1H to 0.08H, use t stem = 0.9 m
Toe projection = 1/3*B to 1/4*B, try B toe = 2.7548 2.78 m
Heel width, Bheel 2m
Depth of splay, hsplay = 0.5 m
Stem height to bottom of splay, H 2 = 7.5 m
Depth of foundation, D fdn = 1.2 m
Minimum base slab thickness at end of taper, t min = 0.45 m
2
pa = ka*γ*H = 88.86 kN/m ka γ (kN/m3) H (m) pa (kN/m2)
0.54 18 9.20 88.86
cosβ sinβ Pa Ph Pv
(kN/m) (kN/m) (kN/m)
0.894 0.447 408.77 365.61 182.83
STABILITY ANALYSIS
Vertical Loads and Bending Moments about the Toe( Front edge of the base)
Section Number Width Depth Area γconc. Fv Lever arm Moment
2 3
(m) (m) (m ) (kN/m ) (kN/m) (m) (kNm/m)
Stem 1 0.225 7.5 1.69 24 40.50 3.57 144.48
2 0.3375 7 2.36 24 56.70 3.23 183.14
2a 0.675 0.5 0.34 24 8.10 3.12 25.25
Splay RHS 3 0.25 0.5 0.13 24 3.00 3.85 11.54
SplayLHS 4 0.25 0.5 0.13 24 3.00 2.61 7.84
Base Slab 5 1.14 0.25 0.29 24 6.84 1.52 10.40
6 1.9 0.25 0.48 24 11.40 3.23 36.82
7 0.75 0.25 0.19 24 4.50 4.68 21.06
8 5.68 0.45 2.56 24 61.34 2.84 174.22
Backfill 9 2 7 14.00 18 252.00 4.68 1,179.4
10 0.25 0.50 0.13 18 2.25 4.01 9.03
11 1.5 0.50 0.75 18 13.50 4.93 66.56
12 0.75 0.25 0.19 18 3.38 5.18 17.48
13 1 1.00 1.00 18 18.00 5.01 90.25
Vert P Pv 182.83 5.68 1,038.5
667.34 3,015.9
Horizontal Loads and Bending Moments about the Bottom of the Base
2
ka γ H H Fh H/3 Mh
3
(kN/m ) (m) (kN/m) (m) (kNm/m)
Backfill 7 0.54 18 9.20 84.64 365.607 3.067 1,121.2
Surcharge kaqsH
365.61 1121.212
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4
Eccentricity of the vertical force relative to the centreline of the base, e is calculated as
e = B/2 - xbar
< B/6
B xbar e B/6
(m) (m) (m) (m)
5.68 2.84 0.00 0.95
Soil Bearing Pressure
Maximum ground pressure = fmax = (Fv/B)*(1+6e/B)
BENDING REINFORCEMENT
Wall Stem
Height of wall, H3 = 8.00 m
2
pa = ka*γ*H3 = 77.27 kN/m ka γ H3 (m) pa (kN/m2)
0.54 18 8.00 77.27
Surcharge pressure, qs
2
ps = ka*qs = 0.00 kN/m ka qs ps (kN/m2)
0.54 0 0.00
K = M/(bd2fcu) = 0.036
M*106 b d2 fcu K
884.66 1000 701,406 35 0.036
K= 0.036 <0.156
La d Z
Z = La*d = 795.6 mm 0.95 837.5 795.6
6
Asreq. = M/(0.87*f y*Z) = M*10 fy 0.87fy Z Asreq
2
3079.66 mm /m 884.6649 415 361.05 795.63 3079.66
Use Y25 - 150 (3271 mm2 /m )
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h cc Ø/2 d (mm)
1,900 50 12.5 1,838
2
K = M/(bd fcu) = 0.009
M*106 b d2 fcu K
1061.12 1000 3,376,406 35.00 0.009
K= 0.009 <0.156
Z = La*d = 1745.6 mm La d Z
0.95 1837.5 1745.6
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fmin
fmax
fheel
ftoe
2
Heel pressure = fmin + (heel width/base width)*(fmax-fmin) 117.46 kN/m
Bottom splay
This acts at, xbar =(H2+2*H4)/(H2+H4)*Bheel/3
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K = M/(bd2fcu) = 0.011
6 2
M*10 b d fcu K
150.60 1000 406406 35 0.011
K= 0.011 <0.156
Z = La*d = 605.625 mm La d Z
0.95 637.5 605.63
Use Y20 - 250 (1256 mm2 /m ) as distribution and in bottom face of heel slab
Design of Toe
From definition sketch, Figure
Pressure at toe/stem junction, f toe = fmin+Btoe/B(fmax-fmin) 117.49 kN/m2
Toe rectangle pressure = base stem ground pressure = f toe = 117.49 kN/m2
Toe triangle pressure = fmax-ftoe = 0.11 kN/m2
K= 0.016 <0.156
Z = La*d = 1080.625 mm La d Z
0.95 1137.5 1081
6
Asreq. = M/(0.87*f y*Z) = M*10 fy 0.87fy Z Asreq
2
1238.46 mm /m 483.1979 415 361.05 1081 1238
2
Passive pressure in front of key = k p*ftoe = 218.95 kN/m
kp ftoe pp
ka htkey γ cosβ Ph
Weight of soil between base and level of the key bottom =B*h key*γ approx. = 163.584
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