1.

Load Criteria
The environmental load return period is calculated based on structure lifetime
based on BS 6349. The environmental load return period is designed using 50 years
return period probability following guidelines on BS 6349 for common port infrastructure.
Parameters used in this calculation obtained from reports, listed as in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 – Design structure lifetime guideline based on BS 6349

2. Amahai Merah Harbour

The wind and wave condition in Amahai Merah covered several sites as follows:
1. Pulau Pombo
2. Pulau Fogi

2.1. Wind Condition

The wind condition in Amahai Merah Harbour is obtained from ERA5 Reanalysis Data
from ECMWF for 10 years (2012 – 2021). The extracted point from ERA5 Data is
located at 128.91°E and 3.33°S. The wind rose for 10 years of wave data is given in
Figure 1. The wind mainly in the range between 0.5 m/s to 4 m/s. The wind pattern is
grouped for 3 monthly following the monsoon season as follows:
1. In the west monsoon season (December – January – February) the wind is
blowing mainly from northwest and north.
2. In the transition between west to east monsoon season (March – April – May) the
wind is blowing from southeast and northwest.
3. In the east monsoon season (June – July – August) the wind is blowing mainly
from southeast.
4. In the transition between east to west monsoon season (September – October –
November) the wind is blowing mainly from southeast and variation from south.
 Figure 1 – Wind Rose for 10 Years Data at Amahai Merah Harbour

The wind speed and direction distribution are given in Table 1 and Figure 2. It shows
that wind with velocity higher than 6 m/s occurred around 0.05% a year. Wind return
period is obtained from extreme analysis with block maxima method. The yearly
maximum wind speed is given in Table 2. 3 types of frequency distribution are tested
which are Largest Extreme Value, Lognormal and Weibull. The distribution test gives
lognormal distribution as best fit with pvalue > 0.05 and smallest Anderson Darling test
parameter (Figure 3). Return periods are obtained from empirical CDF as given in
Figure 4. The 50 years return period of wind velocity is 7.58 m/s (Table 3).

Table 1 – Wind Frequency Distribution at Amahai Harbour

Directions /
0.50 - 1.00 - 2.00 - 4.00 - 6.00 - 8.00 - 10.00 - >=
Wind Classes Total
1.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 15.00 15.00
(m/s)
N 2.03% 4.75% 0.92% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 7.71%
NNE 1.65% 1.78% 0.11% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.54%
NE 1.41% 0.89% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.32%
NEE 1.21% 0.75% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.97%
E 1.37% 1.43% 0.12% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.91%
ESE 1.50% 3.68% 3.27% 0.13% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.58%
15.96
SE 1.56% 8.16% % 3.06% 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 28.78%
SSE 1.12% 4.04% 3.89% 0.64% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.69%
S 0.80% 1.56% 0.70% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.06%
SSW 0.56% 0.89% 0.26% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.71%
SW 0.52% 0.79% 0.33% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.64%
WSW 0.47% 0.84% 0.36% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.67%
W 0.58% 1.02% 0.40% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.00%
WNW 0.79% 1.51% 0.48% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.79%
NW 1.30% 3.36% 0.87% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 5.52%
NNW 1.74% 6.72% 1.52% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 9.99%
29.21
Sub-Total 18.59% 42.16% % 3.86% 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 93.88%
Calms 6.12%
 Missing/Incomplete 0.00%
Total 100.00%

Figure 2 – Wind Class Frequency for Wind Data at Amahai Merah Harbour

Table 2 – Yearly Maximum Wind Velocity for Amahai Merah Harbour

Max Wind
Years Velocity
(m/s)
2012 6.56
2013 6.21
2014 6.79
2015 6.30
2016 5.32
2017 6.25
2018 5.51
2019 7.30
2020 5.72
2021 5.36
 Figure 3 – Distribution Fit Test for Wind Data at Amahai Merah Harbour

Figure 4 – Cumulative Distribution Function for Wind Data at Amahai Merah Harbour
Table 3 – Wind Velocity Return Period at Amahai Merah Harbour
% of
RT (years) ECDF % U (m/s)
Exceedance
2 50 50 6.10
5 20 80 6.67
10 10 90 6.98
20 5 95 7.26
25 4 96 7.34
50 2 98 7.58
100 1 99 7.80
2.2. Wave Condition
The wave condition in Amahai Merah Harbour is obtained from ERA5 Reanalysis
Data from ECMWF for 10 years (2012 – 2021). The extracted point from ERA5 Data
is located at 129.00°E and 4.00°S. The wave data is offshore total wave data in deep
water which consider the swell condition. The wave rose for 10 years of wave data is
given in Figure 5. The wave height mainly in the range between 0.25 m to 0.75 m. The
wave pattern is grouped for 3 monthly period following the monsoon season as
follows:
1. In the west monsoon season (December – January – February) the wave is
coming mainly from southwest and west.
2. In the transition between west to east monsoon season (March – April – May) the
wave is mainly coming from southeast.
3. In the east monsoon season (June – July – August) the wave is coming mainly
from southeast.
4. In the transition between east to west monsoon season (September – October –
November) the wave is coming mainly from southeast

Figure 5 – Wave Rose for 10 Years Data at Amahai Merah Harbour

The wave height and direction distribution are given in Table 4 and Figure 6. It shows
that wave with height more than 0.50 m occurred around 65% a year. Wave return
period is obtained from extreme analysis with block maxima method. The yearly
maximum wave height for wave from southeast, west and all direction are given in
Table 5. 3 types of frequency distribution are tested which are Largest Extreme Value,
Lognormal and Weibull. The distribution test gives distribution of 3-parameter Weibull
for southeast wave and west wave, and lognormal for all direction wave as best fit
with pvalue > 0.05 and smallest Anderson Darling test parameter (Figure 7). Return
periods are obtained from empirical CDF as given in Figure 8. The 50 years return
period of wave height is 2.64 m (Table 6). Wave period relation with wave height is
given in Figure 9. Correlation between the wave period and square root of wave
height (DHI,2016) follows 6.55√ ❑.
Table 4 – Wave Frequency Distribution at Amahai Merah Harbour
Directions
/ Wave 0.25 - 0.50 - 0.75 - 1.00 - 1.50 - 2.00 - 2.50 -
>= 3.00 Total
Classes 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
(m)
N 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
NNE 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
NE 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
NEE 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
E 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
ESE 0.26% 0.11% 0.10% 0.05% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.53%
SE 8.87% 14.26% 10.02% 13.71% 2.21% 0.14% 0.00% 0.00% 49.21%
SSE 3.05% 2.59% 0.70% 0.97% 0.14% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 7.45%
S 1.05% 0.64% 0.14% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.86%
SSW 0.66% 0.18% 0.02% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.89%
SW 1.24% 0.57% 0.13% 0.15% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.09%
WSW 6.03% 5.26% 2.17% 1.64% 0.15% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 15.25%
W 3.30% 4.40% 1.60% 0.71% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 10.02%
WNW 1.00% 1.31% 0.71% 0.43% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.48%
NW 0.05% 0.07% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.13%
NNW 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Sub-Total 25.52% 29.38% 15.62% 17.70% 2.54% 0.15% 0.00% 0.00% 90.91%
Calms 9.09%
Missing/Incomplete 0.00%
Total 100.00%

Figure 6 – Wave Class Frequency for Wave Data at Amahai Merah Harbour
Table 5 – Yearly Maximum Wave Height for Amahai Merah Harbour
Hs SE Hs W Hs All Dir
Year
(m) (m) (m)
2012 2.46 1.67 2.46
2013 2.20 1.13 2.20
2014 2.05 1.52 2.05
2015 2.02 1.39 2.02
2016 1.81 1.20 1.81
2017 1.66 1.27 1.66
2018 1.85 1.51 1.85
2019 2.26 1.88 2.26
2020 1.79 1.25 1.79
2021 1.84 2.01 2.01
Figure 7 – Distribution Fit Test for Wave Data at Amahai Merah Harbour
Figure 8 – Cumulative Distribution Functiont for Wave Data at Amahai Merah Harbour
Table 6 – Wave Height Return Period at Amahai Merah Harbour
RT Hs (m)
% of ECDF
(years
Exceedance %
) SE W All Dir
2 50 50 1.94 1.45 1.99
5 20 80 2.18 1.71 2.21
10 10 90 2.33 1.86 2.33
20 5 95 2.47 1.98 2.43
25 4 96 2.51 2.02 2.46
50 2 98 2.64 2.13 2.55
100 1 99 2.76 2.24 2.64

25

20

15
Tp (s)

10
f(x) = 6.55254168694181 x
R² = 0.935006063915162

0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

sqrt(Hs)

Figure 9 – Wave Height vs Wave Period Relationship

2.3. Design Criteria

Based on ECMWF extreme analysis data, the design criteria for wind speed for return
period of 50 years is U RT=50 = 7.58 m/s and for wave height for return period of 50
years is HsRT=50 = 2.64 m
3. Geser Harbour
The wind and wave condition in Geser Harbour covered several sites as follows:
1. Geser Merah Harbour 1
2. Geser Merah Harbour 2
3. Geser Hijau Harbour 1

3.1. Wind Condition

The wind condition in Mearuke Harbour is obtained from ERA5 Reanalysis Data from
ECMWF for 10 years (2012 – 2021). The extracted point from ERA5 Data is located at
130.83°E and 3.86°S. The wind rose for 10 years of wave data is given in Figure 10.
The wind mainly in the range between 2 m/s to 6 m/s. The wind pattern is grouped for
3 monthly following the monsoon season as follows:
1. In the west monsoon season (December – January – February) the wind is
blowing mainly from west and northwest.
2. In the transition between west to east monsoon season (March – April – May) the
wind is blowing from southeast and west.
3. In the east monsoon season (June – July – August) the wind is blowing mainly
from southeast.
4. In the transition between east to west monsoon season (September – October –
November) the wind is blowing mainly from southeast and south.

Figure 10 – Wind Rose for 10 Years Data at Geser Harbour

The wind speed and direction distribution are given in Table 7 and Figure 11. It shows
that wind with velocity higher than 10 m/s occurred around 0.04% a year. Wind return
period is obtained from extreme analysis with block maxima method. The yearly
maximum wind speed is given in Table 8. 3 types of frequency distribution are tested
which are Largest Extreme Value, Lognormal and Weibull. The distribution test gives
lognormal distribution as best fit with pvalue > 0.05 and smallest Anderson Darling test
parameter (Figure 12). Return periods are obtained from empirical CDF as given in
Figure 13. The 50 years return period of wind velocity is 10.89 m/s (Table 9).
Table 7 – Wind Frequency Distribution at Geser Harbour
Directions
/ Wave 0.50 - 1.00 - 2.00 - 4.00 - 6.00 - 8.00 - 10.00 -
>= 15.00 Total
Classes 1.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 15.00
(m)
N 0.17% 0.78% 1.77% 0.73% 0.13% 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 3.61%
NNE 0.18% 0.54% 0.95% 0.23% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.91%
NE 0.17% 0.49% 0.59% 0.09% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.34%
NEE 0.13% 0.45% 0.54% 0.05% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.17%
E 0.14% 0.50% 0.91% 0.37% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.94%
ESE 0.17% 0.67% 2.03% 2.57% 1.35% 0.19% 0.01% 0.00% 6.98%
SE 0.20% 0.81% 3.90% 7.72% 7.68% 1.72% 0.03% 0.00% 22.06%
SSE 0.21% 0.84% 3.86% 6.16% 4.16% 0.56% 0.00% 0.00% 15.80%
S 0.20% 0.86% 2.96% 2.35% 0.40% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 6.77%
SSW 0.20% 0.73% 1.72% 0.72% 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.42%
SW 0.19% 0.82% 1.81% 0.55% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.40%
WSW 0.21% 0.85% 2.43% 1.34% 0.41% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 5.27%
W 0.23% 1.04% 3.18% 2.13% 0.94% 0.15% 0.00% 0.00% 7.66%
WNW 0.25% 1.12% 3.19% 1.34% 0.19% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 6.11%
NW 0.23% 1.10% 3.23% 1.08% 0.11% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 5.74%
NNW 0.23% 0.96% 2.67% 1.59% 0.46% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 5.91%
Sub-Total 3.09% 12.54% 35.75% 29.01% 15.94% 2.72% 0.04% 0.00% 99.09%
Calms 0.91%
Missing/Incomplete 0.00%
Total 100.00%

Figure 11 – Wind Class Frequency for Wind Data at Geser Harbour

Table 8 – Yearly Maximum Wind Velocity for Geser Harbour
Max Wind
Years Velocity
(m/s)
2012 10.69
2013 10.55
2014 10.31
2015 9.52
2016 9.96
2017 9.87
2018 9.76
2019 10.11
2020 10.06
2021 10.37

Figure 12 – Distribution Fit Test for Wind Data at Geser Harbour

 Figure 13 – Cumulative Distribution Functiont for Wind Data at Geser Harbour

Table 9 – Wind Velocity Return Period at Geser Harbour

RT ECDF U
% of Exceedance
(years) % (m/s)
2 50 50 10.11
5 20 80 10.42
10 10 90 10.59
20 5 95 10.73
25 4 96 10.77
50 2 98 10.89
100 1 99 -
3.2. Wave Condition
The wave condition in Geser Harbour is obtained from ERA5 Reanalysis Data from
ECMWF for 10 years (2012 – 2021). The extracted point from ERA5 Data is located at
131.50°E and 3.50°S. The wave data is offshore total wave data in deep water which
consider the swell condition. The wave rose for 10 years of wave data is given in
Figure 14. The wave height mainly in the range between 0.25 m to 0.75 m. The wave
pattern is grouped for 3 monthly period following the monsoon season as follows:
1. In the west monsoon season (December – January – February) the wave is
coming from northwest and west.
2. In the transition between west to east monsoon season (March – April – May) the
wave is coming mainly from southeast.
3. In the east monsoon season (June – July – August) the wave is coming mainly
from southeast.
4. In the transition between east to west monsoon season (September – October –
November) the wave is mainly coming from southeast.

Figure 14 – Wave Rose for 10 Years Data at Geser Harbour

The wave height and direction distribution are given in Table 9 and Figure 15. It
shows that wave with height more than 0.50 m occurred around 43% a year. Wave
return period is obtained from extreme analysis with block maxima method. The yearly
maximum wave height is given in Table 10. 3 types of frequency distribution are
tested which are Largest Extreme Value, Lognormal and Weibull. The distribution test
gives distribution of 3-Parameter Weibull for northwest wave and southeast wave, and
Weibull for all direction wave as best fit with pvalue > 0.05 and smallest Anderson
Darling test parameter (Figure 16). Return periods are obtained from empirical CDF
as given in Figure 17. The 50 years return period of wave height is 2.10 m (Table 11).
Wave period relation with wave height is given in Figure 18. Correlation between the
wave period and wave height follows 6.08√ ❑.
Table 9 – Wave Frequency Distribution at Geser Harbour
Directions
/ Wave 0.25 - 0.50 - 0.75 - 1.00 - 1.50 - 2.00 - 2.50 -
>= 3.00 Total
Classes 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
(m)
N 0.26% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.27%
NNE 0.07% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.08%
NE 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.06%
NEE 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
E 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02%
ESE 0.19% 0.00% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.21%
SE 5.39% 5.02% 3.72% 3.05% 0.94% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 18.16%
SSE 18.59% 15.98% 7.13% 3.32% 0.20% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 45.22%
S 4.73% 2.32% 0.23% 0.05% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 7.33%
SSW 0.85% 0.34% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.20%
SW 0.34% 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.38%
WSW 1.77% 0.08% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.85%
W 1.25% 0.14% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.39%
WNW 0.94% 0.14% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.09%
NW 0.93% 0.56% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.49%
NNW 0.54% 0.20% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.74%
Sub-Total 35.97% 24.83% 11.11% 6.42% 1.15% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 79.50%
Calms 20.50%
Missing/Incomplete 0.00%
Total 100.00%

Figure 15 – Wave Class Frequency for Wave Data at Geser Harbour

Table 10 – Yearly Maximum Wave Height for Geser Harbour
Hs NW Hs SE
Year Hs All Dir (m)
(m) (m)
2012 1.64 1.91 1.91
2013 1.34 1.99 1.99
2014 1.44 2.04 2.04
2015 1.68 1.87 1.87
2016 1.43 1.88 1.88
2017 1.40 1.63 1.63
2018 1.39 1.97 1.97
2019 2.08 1.98 2.08
2020 1.28 1.80 1.80
2021 1.64 1.84 1.84
Figure 16 – Distribution Fit Test for Wave Data at Geser Harbour
Figure 17 – Cumulative Distribution Function for Wave Data at Geser Harbour
Table 11 – Wave Height Return Period at Geser Harbour
RT Hs (m)
% of ECDF
(years
Exceedance %
) NW SE All Dir
2 50 50 1.49 1.91 1.91
5 20 80 1.70 1.98 2.00
10 10 90 1.82 2.01 2.04
20 5 95 1.94 2.03 2.07
25 4 96 1.97 2.04 2.08
50 2 98 2.07 2.06 2.10
100 1 99 2.16 2.07 -

12

10

8 f(x) = 6.08981957006747 x
R² = 0.934826385708494
Tp (s)

0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

sqrt(Hs)

Figure 18 – Wave Height vs Wave Period Relationship

3.3. Design Criteria

Based on ECMWF extreme analysis data, the design criteria for wind speed for return
period of 50 years is URT=50 = 10.89 m/s and for wave height for return period of 50
years is HsRT=50 = 2.10 m