EnergyStorageApplication Singapore Workshop 2018-06-10

WORKSHOP, SINGAPORE JUNE 2018
Energy Storage System

Frank Wendt
Agenda
• Introduction
• Energy Storage, Battery Technology
• Energy Storage, Integration
• Energy Storage, Load Analysis
June 11, 2018 Slide 2

Introduction
Introduction
Battery Hybrid Solutions, Why?
Improved System
• Fuel efficiency and OPEX
• Emission
Diesel/Gas Power Energy Storage • Zero Emission Operation
Systems
engines • Dynamic Performance
• Safety & Availability
• Comfort and reduced
noise

Introduction
Why?
• Life Cycle Analysis: • Reduced running • Payback time: • Static power
Reduced maintenance
Safer system
Environmental footprint
Reduced fuel consumption

• GWP > 1,5 month hours. In many • > 2 years reserve
• NOx > 0,3 month cases from 25% to
50% per year • Fuel Saving: • Local UPS
• Annual CO2 red.: • Responsiveness/
• Less load • < 15%
• 962 tons of CO2 maneuverability
variations on • Up to 10
• 13 tons of NOx engine. tons/day

Introduction Electric solutions
Electric solutions, Power system alternatives
Complete electrical power systems
Advanced AC Power Systems Dynamic AC Energy Storage and Fuel cell
Increase efficiency – closed bus tie Annual fuel savings up to 6 % Zero emissions operations
Onboard DC Grid Variable Speed Shaft Generator – Waste Heat Recovery

PTO/PTI
Increased efficiency up to 20% Operational flexibility Reduce fuel costs
June 11, 2018 6

Introduction
What is an Energy Storage System?
Battery (third party) Converter Control System
+ +
+ HOLISTIC approach to system integration

Introduction
What can it do?

Introduction
Marine Rules and Guidance

DnVGL
– Additional notation for battery power –
Battery (Power) and Battery (Safety)
– Guideline for large maritime battery
installation
ABS
– Advisory on hybrid electric power systems
BV
– Additional notation Battery System and
Electric Hybrid

Introduction
Reference overview – Feb 2018
2x RoPax & RoRo 3x Yacht 4x OSV & OCV 1x Explorer Cruise
Energy Storage
13x
20 MWh
3x Ferry

Energy Storage
Energy Storage
Segmentation between Power and Energy
Li-Ion
Flywheel
Supercaps

Energy Storage
Battery introduction
Pouch Prismatic Cylindrical
Wound or stacked electrode layers Loosely wound or stacked jelly rolls Cylindrical wound
– Contained in polymer pouch – Contained in rigid prismatic container – Largest global production (18650)
• High energy density • Lower energy density (Dead weight in • Highest energy density
• Good cooling performance container) • Used mostly in small devices such as
• More difficult integration, may • Normally more difficult to cool due to laptops, power tools, e-bikes etc
deform (swell) larger thickness • Used by Tesla Motors and number of
• No controlled release of gases • Rigid structure makes integration startup EV makers
easier • Complex cooling
• Release of overpressure through
safety valve
June 11, 2018 Slide 13 Only for internal distribution within ABB
Energy Storage
Battery introduction, How different batteries compare
Performance measures
– Energy Density
• [Wh/kg], [Wh/litre]
– Power density
• [W/kg], [W/litre]
– Energy roundtrip efficiency
• [%]
– Cycle life
• [cycles], depends on various factors
• Lifetime energy throughput [MWh]
– Calendar life
• Degradation per year
– Cost Rangone plot illustrating battery performance for selected Secondary
battery chemistries
• [$/kWh], [$/kW], [$/(Wh)]
June 11, 2018 Slide 14 Only for internal distribution within ABB
Energy Storage
Battery Introduction
Cell voltage, Electrode material
Cathode material potentials

Energy Storage
Cell voltage, Equivalent circuit
4200
4000
3800
Battery cell voltage [mV]

3600
3400
4C charge 4C discharge
3200 3C charge 3C discharge
3000
OCV
2800
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
State-of-Charge [%]

Energy Storage
Internal Structure of cell

– Current collector metal foils
• Cu for anode
• Al for cathode
– Active materials coated on current collectors
• Thin films
• Large surface area
– Positive and negative electrode separated by
separator
• Avoids internal short circuit
• May feature shutdown safety mechanism
– Same principle for all Li-ion batteries,
regardless of cell format

Energy Storage
Battery Management System (BMS), Why is it needed?

– Measure
• Cell voltage
• Cell temperature
• Current
– Manage
• Protect
• Balance
• Thermal control
– Calculate
• State-of-Charge
• State-of-Health
• Maximum charge/discharge limits
– Control/Communicate/Log data

Energy Storage
Battery system
Structure of a battery system

Battery System – Rack, Pack, String
Components • A set of series-connected
modules to desired
– Cell system voltage incl. rack
• Common for all. One cell BMS
– Cell group – Bank, Array

• 1SxP configuration – • Set of battery racks
several small cells connected to common
connected in parallel for DC bus bar with
higher capacity associated DC breaker
and system BMS
– Module
• A set of series-connected
cells or cell groups.
Normally equipped with
a module BMS
– Tray
• A set of two modules –
use by Samsung

Energy Storage
Battery Sizing
Design Principle, Aging/Stress factors

Calendar aging
– The Li-ion battery loses capacity and power capability even when
it is not used. Main aging factors are;
• Battery temperature; (Higher temperature -> more degradation)
• State-Of-Charge; (Higher State-Of-Charge -> more degradation)
Cycle aging
– The Li-ion battery also suffer cycle aging when it is being charged
and discharged over and over again. Important aging factors are;
• Depth-Of-Discharge
• State-Of-Charge
• C-rate (charge/discharge current)
• Temperature
Battery degradation and Lifetime is influenced by many
factors

Energy Storage The Li-ion battery
Battery Sizing
Battery Aging, How to ensure good lifetime

Calendar aging Cycle aging
• Minimize SOC. ABB’s ESCS manages the state-of-charge to • Use high quality cells
avoid unnecessary high SOC • Keep SOC in lower end when/if possible
• Proper thermal design which ensures that cells are never • Minimize DoD if possible
exposed to harmful elevated temperatures is essential for a
good battery lifetime • Avoid high charge rates if/when possible
PBES is an excellent choice for this application

Energy Storage
Battery Sizing
Spinning Reserve & Dynamic Support Enhancement – Tentative Lifetime calculation
Cycle aging from Dynamic Support Enhancement is neglictable – estimated degradation 0.0002%…

Energy Storage
Battery Sizing
Design Principle
– Battery life is a design parameter, not a fixed

quantity
– Battery system kWh rating is mis-leading if
Capacity
lost due to
you don’t understand them correctly.

aging
EOL Capacity
High rate of
aging zone
?
Capacity
available for
primary function
Minimum SOC ref for safety

Minimum SOC for primary function
Capacity required
for secondary
application
i.e. Spinning Reserve
Design life
SoCmin @ NomRating

Energy Storage
Battery Safety
Design Principle Combustion heat ~6.5 MJ

per kg of cell mass*
– All lithium ion batteries have the intrinsic risk
that in certain failure modes they produce
flammable and explosive gas and when
failure further escalate produce extensive
heat and catch fire
– Risks can be mitigated by adequate
engineering on the battery and energy
storage system level by considering all
possible failure risks with proper safety
management implemented at cell, module,
battery and system level

Energy Storage
Battery Safety
Gas release during thermal runaway –
risk for explosion
– Uni-Directional valve on each battery module

releases gas to duct but prevent gases from
duct to enter module
– During the unlikely event of gas release, the
gases are removed via the duct away from
remaining batteries to a safe disbursement
location outside the vessel
– No contamination of toxic & flammable
gases in battery room

Energy Storage
Battery Sizing
Application vs cell type&cooling

Cost
Appl.1 Mix Appl.2 Appl.3
Power/Energy High Power High Cycle
Type 1 2784 300 887
Type 2 2112 214 356
Type 3 306
Weight
Type 1 60 5 18,6
Type 2 32 3,7 9,75
Type 3 2,2
Rack length
Type 1 38 5,1 15,7
Type 2 21 4,2 10,2
Type 3 3,6
Cooling Cell Type

Type 1 air Energy
Type 2 water Power
Type 3 water Power

Energy Storage
Capacitor system
Configuration and Design Principle
Capacitor System Components

– Cell
• Common for all. One cell
– Module
• A set of series-connected cells or cell
groups
– Rack, Pack, String
• A set of series-connected modules to
desired system voltage
– Bank, Array
• Set of battery racks connected to common
DC bus bar with associated DC breaker and
system BMS

Energy Storage Integration
Energy Storage
Integration
Requirement for Energy Storage Converters
Requirements for network connection

– Voltage level, distribution system
– Supply the active and reactive power
according to the network control
– Grid codes (behavior in normal operation and
during network faults)

Energy Storage
Integration Solutions
Direct online (DOL) Containerized solutions Integrated ESS AC Integrated ESS DC

First Level
• Higher First
• Level
20” high cube container First
In Level
AC solutions Onboard Grid or Drive
efficiency Weight (incl. all equipment): 13 000kg DC Link, i.e. Drilling or
– Second Level –• Second Level – •Second
MV or LVLevel
Thruster
• Less control of • Cable and piping connection from Systems
• Third
energy Level
flow • Third
one side Level Third
•• ACS 880Level
• Through DC/DC
• Commissioned and tested. Converter
Limitations in
•• Fourth Level
peaks having • • Fourth
Backup Level reserve for up to
& spinning Fourth
•• HESS880 Level • ACS 880
1,5MW • Main Driver: AC
•• Fifth Level
Main Driver: • Fifth Level • Fifth Level
System or MV
• HESS 880
• Shore connection up to 570kVA
Efficiency
• Remote diagnostic connection • Main Driver:
Control
BMS Monitoring Control, ESCS BMS Monitoring Control, ESCS BMS Monitoring Control, ESCS BMS Monitoring Control, ESCS

Energy Storage
Integration into Power System

Energy Storage
Onboard DC Grid AC or Dynamic AC
Small to Medium power systems Medium to Large power systems

Energy Storage
Example Hybrid Power Plant, Drillship G

~
Generator #1
8750kVA G
~
Generator #2
8750kVA
Earth.
Transf. #1
G
~
Generator #3
8750kVA G
~
Generator #4
8750kVA
Earth.
Transf. #2
G
~
Generator #5
8750kVA G
~
Generator #6
8750kVA
Earth.
Transf. #3
7222kW 7222kW 7222kW 7222kW 7222kW 7222kW
720rpm 720rpm 720rpm 720rpm 720rpm 720rpm
Integration into 11kV SwBd

Main SWBD #1 Port Main SWBD #2 Center Main SWBD #3 Stbd
11kV, 60Hz 11kV, 60Hz 11kV, 60Hz
P P P P P P
P P P
– Battery ESS P P P
IEC 61850
P P P P P P P P P
IEC 61850
P P P P P P P P
IEC 61850
P P P P P P P
– AC converters M
P P P P
M
Three (3) independent units, one per SwBd

Port E/C Stbd E/C
–
Fire Pump Fire Pump
Aft Port
450kW 450kW Anc Crane
3000kVA Fwd #1
~ Drilling #1
P P P P Drilling #2 ~ P P
Fwd #2 ~ Drilling #3
11kV/440V 2200kVA 3200kVA 3200kVA 2200kVA 3200kVA 2200kVA
11kV/440V 11kV/440V 11kV/440V 11kV/440V 11kV/440V 11kV/440V
– ‘Spinning Reserve’ + dynamic support

Thr. Transf. Thr. Transf. Thr. Transf. Thr. Transf. Thr. Transf. Thr. Transf.
Aux. Thr. #1 Aux. Thr. #3 Aux. Thr. #2
6500 kVA Battery Energy 6500 kVA 6500 kVA Battery Energy 6500 kVA 6500 kVA Battery Energy 6500 kVA
400kVA 400kVA 400kVA
Storage 2500kW, 11kV/440V 11kV/440V Storage 2500kW, Storage 2500kW,
11kV/440V
500kWh 500kWh 500kWh
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
3000V 3000V 3000V 3000V 3000V 3000V
M Drilling Transf.
M M Drilling Transf.
M M M
Drilling Transf.
Thruster #4 6500 kVA Thruster #1 Thruster #3 6500 kVA Thruster #6 Thruster #2 6500 kVA Thruster #5
5500 kW 5500 kW 5500 kW 5500 kW 5500 kW 5500 kW
720 rpm 720 rpm 720 rpm 720 rpm 720 rpm 720 rpm
Drilling Drive #1 Drilling Drive #2 Drilling Drive #3
T1
930V DC – 65kA/1s 930V DC – 65kA/1s 930V DC – 65kA/1s
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
T2
T3
Busduct Busduct
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
4400A DC 4400A DC
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Engine
Engine
Engine
Engine
Engine
Engine
T6
T4
T5
M M M M M M
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
2x Mudpump @ 858kW 4x Mudpump @ 858kW 2x Mpudpump @ 858kW
Braking Resistors 2x Drawwork @ 1120kW Braking Resistors 1x Cementpump @ 858kW Braking Resistors 2x Drawwork @ 1120kW
4 x 1300 kW 2x Drawwork @ 858kW 4 x 1300 kW (assignmet with Mudpump) 4 x 1300 kW 2x Drawwork @ 858kW
1x Topdrive @x1000kW 2x Drawwork @ 1120kW 1x Cementpump @ 858kW
Protection Relay 2x Drawwork @ 858kW (assignmet with Mudpump)
P (Relion RE 615/630)
1x Topdrive @ 1000kW 2x Topdrive @ 1000kW

Energy Storage
Example Drillship
Integration into 11kV SwBd (AC) and Drilling

VSD (DC)
– Battery ESS
– AC converters into 11kV AC Distribution
– DC converters into 930V DC drilling VSD
– Three (3) independent units, one per SwBd
– ‘Spinning Reserve’ + load shaving

Energy Storage
Example Hybrid Power Plant, Drillship
Integration into 11kV SwBd

– Capacitor + Battery ESS
– DC converters
– Two (2) independent units, one per drilling
VSD
– ‘dynamic support’ and power backup for
drawwork

Energy Storage
Control System
Energy Storage Control System

PMS – Power
Functions Managment System
State Of Charge Control
Dc-Distribution Ac-Distribution
– Interface to Battery BMS Energy Allocation
– Interface to PMS Dc/Dc Dc/Ac 100
Feedback
Control
Converter Converter
– Energy and power control (Dynamic) System
Energy allocated performance
• Spinning Reserve Control
Feedback
~ for peak shaving
& dynamic
related
energy
• Peak Shaving support reserve
ESCS
• Enhanced Dynamic Support - Spinning reserve
control and calculation
SoC %
• Strategic Loading - Load peak shaving
power flow control
- ...
• Enhanced Ride Through
Safety
(Static)
Related
Control Energy allocated
energy
• State Of Charge Control Feedback spinning reserve
reserve
& enhanced ride
• Battery Condition Test ESM – Energy through
Storage Medium
• Energy Storage Maintenance Mode
0
– Protection of energy storage system

Energy Storage
Control System
PMS Interface, Example

Energy Storage Load Analysis
Energy Storage Analysis
Case Studies
Jackup Rig
Configuration
– 5 generator sets each 1720kW
– 3 draw-work moors each 1150HP (805kW)
– 3 mud pumps each 2x1150HP (1610kW)
– 1 top drive 1150HP (805kW)
– 2x 2500kVA aux distribution
– 3 jacking systems

Case Studies
Jackup Rig
Saving Analysis based on 3 month power

record
– 300kWh ESS system installed for peak
shaving
– ESS PMS load depending generator load
start/stop limits 80%/70%
– Load variation reduced, continuous load still
needs to be supplied by generator
– Average running generators reduced from 3
to 2 generators with min in. 1and max 3
running
– Fuel consumption reduced from 792t to 732t
(7,5% reduction)
– Accumulated generator running hours
reduced form 5482hours to 3582hours
(34,6% reduction)

Case Studies
Jackup Rig
Battery rated values verfication

– Power Battery 300kWh battery
– 404A nominal current
– Max Peak C-Rate (10s) Discharge/Charge
rate: 15C/13C
– Max C-Rate Discharge/Charge rate: 10C/5C
– Max RMS C-Rate: 6C
 Calculated current values within the

battery rate values

Case Studies
Jackup Rig
Cycle lifetime estimation based Rain

Flow Analysis
– Battery operation at 50% SoC with +/-10% of
SoC
– Battery Life tile analysis –’rainflow analysis’
– 7839 load cycles, majority within 2% DoD
areas (micro discharge cycles)
– Calculated lifetime reduction due to cyclic
loading 0.24 % within 3 month operation
 Moderate aging with aging rate within

design lifetime specification

Case Studies
Jackup Rig Generator #1 Generator #1

DGMS
Generator #1 Generator #1 Generator #1
DGMS
Generator #1
G 2275kVA G 2275kVA G 2275kVA G 2275kVA G 2275kVA G 2275kVA G Generator #EM
xxxxkVA
~ 1820kW ~ 1820kW ~ 1820kW ~ 1820kW ~ 1820kW ~ 1820kW ~ yyyykW
900rpm 900rpm 900rpm 900rpm 900rpm 900rpm
zzzrpm
Integration Example P P P
P
P P P P
Main SWBD #Port IEC 61850 Main SWBD #Stbd EM SWBD
– AC distribution
690V, 60Hz 690V, 60Hz 690V, 60Hz
– Drilling + Jackup MultiDrive System Port

2000kVA
StBd
2000kVA
Emerg.
2000kVA
ACS800-307
ACS800-307
690kV/480V 690kV/480V 690kV/480V
~ ~ M M M M M M
– Energy storage system integrated into

M M
RW #4 Port Port Fwd Cement RW #2 RW #3
StBd RW #1 Pump Crane Crane Unit Pump Pump
Crane Pump 75kW 150kW 300kW 350kW 80kW 80kW
MultiDrive
150kW 25kW
M M M M M M M M M M M
MP1B MP1A MP2A MP2B TD DWA ESS ESS RT DWB MP3B MP3A CP1
820kW 820kW 820kW 820kW 1120kW 1120kW 1120kW 1120kW 820kW 1120k 820kW 820kW 1120kW
150kWh 150kWh W
M M M M M M M M M M M M
Jacking Jacking Jacking Jacking Braking Jacking Jacking Jacking Jacking Braking Jacking Jacking Jacking Jacking
40kW 40kW 40kW 40kW 40kW 40kW 40kW 40kW 40kW 40kW 40kW 40kW
1300kW 1300kW
24 Jacking Inverter each for 24 Jacking Inverter each for 24 Jacking Inverter each for
40kW motor 40kW motor 40kW motor
480V SWBD #Port 480V SWBD #Stbd 480V EM #Stbd

480V, 60Hz 480V, 60Hz 480V, 60Hz
MCC B MCC C MCC StBd Leg Bow Leg StBd Cop Drill Floor MCC A Vent MCc Port Leg 480V StBd EM 480V Stbd Port Gallay Em Lgt Em Lgt1
390kVA 390kVA Shaker Power Power Dist. MCC 380kVA 510kVA Power Distr. 500kVA MCC HVAC HVAC Dist. 250kVA 250kVA
450kVA 175kVA 175kVA 178kVA 5&7 5&7 288kVA 175kVA Panel 480V/120V 279kVA MCC MCC 80kVA 480V/120V 480V/120V
Port THD Filter THD Filter 178kVA 500kVA 340kVA
500kVA
480V/120V
QTRS Hull LTG EM Lgt EM Lgt

LTG PNL Panel Dist. Dist.
224kVA 110kVA 167kVA 100kVA

Case Studies
Jackup Rig
Energy Storage System Size

– Power Battery 300kWh, liquid cooled
– 3x900A Converter
– Battery Dimension
Height/Width/Depth: 2200/6450/705mm
Weight: 6800kg
– Converter Dimension
Height/Width/Depth: 2100/2400/650mm
Weight: 2450kg
Power Battery DC/DC converter (ACS880-1607LC) based on

(32kWh pack) standard ACS LV drive system

Case Studies
Draw-work Operation Analysis
Design Principle
– Draw-work operation analysis based on
DWOP (drill well operation plan)
– Most draw-work hook load cycles in the
range of 100t-200t
– Draw-work peak power up to 9MW for hook
load up to 500st

Case Studies
Draw-work Operation Analysis
Design Principle
– Energy Storage designed for drawwork load
peak shaving and generator spinning reserve
– With peak shaving in drilling drive VSD (draw-
work) the peak power demand can be
reduced and only average power needs to be
supplied by generators
– Considering a generator power of 4,8MW, the
running generator sets can be reduced from
usually 4 to 2
– Specific fuel consumption can be reduced
from 222 g/kWh to 195 g/kwh == 13%
– In 24h operation the fuel consumption is
reduced from 37,3t to 32,8t; engine running
hours is reduced by 50%

Case Studies
Offshore Support Vessel
Operation Modes, modes reflect the

power plant configuration with respect
to safety and redundancy as well as
system loads
– Habour
– Transit
– DP
– Standby
– Special purpose
Example:
– Generator loading in DP operation
(two generators online)

Case Studies
Hybrid configuration with one diesel-

generator set and one ESS online
ESS Functions:
– Spinning reserve
Instant power for e.g. 10min in case of
generator power loss
– Peak shaving
leveling generator peak power to e.g 1600kW
– Dynamic support function
reducing power gradient to e.g 1% rated
power /s

Case Studies
Example
– Generator loading in DP operation with one
diesel-generator set online
– Fuel saving, considering typical fixed speed
SFOC curve, due to higher average loading in
this example ca. 12%
– Generator Running hours reduced to 50%

Case Studies
Ferry; Hybrid Operation Profile
Hybrid configuration with one diesel-

generator set and one ESS online
ESS Functions:
– Spinning reserve
Instant power for e.g. 10min in case of
generator power loss
– Peak shaving
leveling generator peak power to e.g 1600kW
– Dynamic support function
reducing power gradient to e.g 1% rated
power /s
 Fuel efficiency Improvement ca. 15%

EnergyStorageApplication Singapore Workshop 2018-06-10

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WORKSHOP, SINGAPORE JUNE 2018

Energy Storage System

June 11, 2018 Slide 2

June 11, 2018 Slide 4

• Life Cycle Analysis: • Reduced running • Payback time: • Static power

Reduced fuel consumption

June 11, 2018 Slide 5

Complete electrical power systems

Advanced AC Power Systems Dynamic AC Energy Storage and Fuel cell

Onboard DC Grid Variable Speed Shaft Generator – Waste Heat Recovery

Increased efficiency up to 20% Operational flexibility Reduce fuel costs

June 11, 2018 6

Battery (third party) Converter Control System

+ HOLISTIC approach to system integration

June 11, 2018 Slide 7

June 11, 2018 Slide 8

Marine Rules and Guidance

June 11, 2018 Slide 9

2x RoPax & RoRo 3x Yacht 4x OSV & OCV 1x Explorer Cruise

June 11, 2018 Slide 10

Segmentation between Power and Energy

June 11, 2018 Slide 12

Pouch Prismatic Cylindrical

Cell voltage, Electrode material

Cathode material potentials

June 11, 2018 Slide 15

Cell voltage, Equivalent circuit

Battery cell voltage [mV]

June 11, 2018 Slide 16

Internal Structure of cell

June 11, 2018 Slide 17

Battery Management System (BMS), Why is it needed?

June 11, 2018 Slide 18

Structure of a battery system

– Cell group – Bank, Array

June 11, 2018 Slide 19

Design Principle, Aging/Stress factors

June 11, 2018 Slide 20

Battery Aging, How to ensure good lifetime

PBES is an excellent choice for this application

June 11, 2018 Slide 21

Spinning Reserve & Dynamic Support Enhancement – Tentative Lifetime calculation

June 11, 2018 Slide 22

– Battery life is a design parameter, not a fixed

you don’t understand them correctly.

Minimum SOC ref for safety

June 11, 2018 Slide 23

Design Principle Combustion heat ~6.5 MJ

June 11, 2018 Slide 24

– Uni-Directional valve on each battery module

June 11, 2018 Slide 25

Application vs cell type&cooling

Cooling Cell Type

June 11, 2018 Slide 26

Configuration and Design Principle

Capacitor System Components

June 11, 2018 Slide 27

Requirement for Energy Storage Converters

Requirements for network connection

June 11, 2018 Slide 29

Direct online (DOL) Containerized solutions Integrated ESS AC Integrated ESS DC

June 11, 2018 Slide 30