Heat and Mass Transfer

1. How radiation differs from heat transfer by conduction and convection? (easy)
a. Radiation requires any physical medium to propagate.
b. Radiation requires gas medium to propagate.
c. Convection doesn’t require any chemical medium
d. Radiation doesn’t require any physical medium to propagate
2. In ____ , heat is conducted by the transfer of the energy of motion between
adjacent molecules. (easy)
a. Conduction
b. Radiation
c. Convection
d. All of the above
3. Statement 1: Ice has a thermal conductivity much higher than liquid water.
Statement 2: Thermal conductivity values for air is high
(easy)
a. Both statements are correct
b. Both statements are wrong
c. First statement is correct and second statement is wrong
d. First statement is wrong and second statement is correct
4. Simple heat exchanger where one fluid flows inside one pipe and the other fluid
flows in the annular space between two pipes; used for small flow rates. (easy)
a. Double pipe heat exchanger
b. Cross flow heat exchanger
c. Shell and tube heat exchanger
d. None of the above
5. What happens when insulation is added to the large pipes? (average)
a. Heat transfer rate increases
b. Heat transfer rate decreases
c. Fouling in the pipe increases
d. Fouling in the pipe decreases
6. It occurs when the two solids do not fit tightly together and a thin layer of stagnant
fluid is trapped between the two surfaces. (average)
a. Interface resistance
b. Internal resistance
c. Contact resistance
d. A and C
 7. It is the ratio of the shear component of diffusivity for momentum to the diffusivity
for heat and physically relates the relative thickness of the hydrodynamic layer and
thermal boundary layer. (average)
a. Reynold’s Number
b. Nusselt Number
c. Prandtl Number
d. Planck’s Constant
8. In solving heat transfer coefficient for laminar flow inside pipes, the physical
properties are all evaluated at what variable? (average)
a. Wall Temperature of the Pipe
b. Bulk Fluid Temperature
c. Film Coefficient
d. None of the above
9. A non – Newtonian power – law fluid having the same physical properties and
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
rheological constants as the following: 𝜌 = 1041 ⁄𝑚3 , 𝐶𝑝 = 2.093 ⁄𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝐾 ,
𝑛
𝑘 = 1.212 𝑊⁄𝑚 ∙ 𝐾 , 𝑛 = 𝑛 = ́ 0.40, 𝐾 = 139.9 𝑁 ∙ 𝑠 ⁄𝑚2 at 37.8℃ and 𝐾 =
𝑘𝑔
62.5 at 93.3℃, is flowing in laminar flow at a rate of 6.30 × 10−2 ⁄𝑠 inside a
25.4 𝑚𝑚 – ID tube. It is being heated by a hot fluid outside the tube. The fluid
enters the heating section of the tube at 26.7℃ and leaves the heating section at an
outlet bulk temperature of 46.1℃. The inside wall temperature is constant at
82.2℃. Calculate the length of tube needed in m. (difficult)
a. 0.719 m
b. 1.719 m
c. 2.364 m
d. 1.0052 m
Solution:
𝑘𝑔
Given: 𝑚̇ = 6.30 × 10−2 ⁄𝑠, 𝐷 = 25.4 𝑚𝑚, 𝑇𝑏𝑖 = 26.7℃ , 𝑇𝑏𝑜 = 46.1℃, and
𝑇𝑤 = 82.2℃
𝑘𝑔
Physical Properties of the non – Newtonian Fluid: 𝜌 = 1041 ⁄𝑚3 , 𝐶𝑝 =
𝑘𝐽
2.093 ⁄𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝐾 , 𝑘 = 1.212 𝑊⁄𝑚 ∙ 𝐾 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = 𝑛 = ́ 0.40
𝑛
𝐾 = 139.9 𝑁 ∙ 𝑠 ⁄𝑚2 at 37.8℃ and 62.5 at 93.3℃ which has a relation of
straight line when plotted in log 𝐾 versus 𝑇℃.
Required: Length of the tube needed (L)
Solution:
Illustration of the Problem
 26.7 + 46.1
𝑇𝑏 = = 36.4℃
2

log K versus T ℃
2.2

2.15

2.1

2.05

1.95

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.75
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Graphing the given values from 37.8℃ to 93.3℃ versus log 𝐾

𝐾𝑤 = log 𝐾 = 1.863 = 72.946

𝐾𝑏 = log 𝐾 = 2.163 = 144.544
𝑚̇𝐶𝑝 (6.30 × 10−2 )(2.093 × 103 ) 108.795
𝑁𝐺𝑧 = = =
𝑘𝐿 1.212𝐿 𝐿
3𝑛 + 1 3(0.40) + 1
𝛿= = = 1.375
4𝑛 4(0.40)
𝛾𝑏 𝐾𝑏 144.544
= =
𝛾𝑤 𝐾𝑤 72.946
 ℎ𝑎 𝐷 1 1 𝛾𝑏 0.14
(𝑁𝑁𝑢 )𝑎 = = 1.75𝛿 𝑁𝐺𝑧 3
3
𝑘 𝛾𝑤
1
ℎ𝑎 (0.0254) 1 108.795 3 144.544 0.14
= (1.75)(1.375)3 ( ) ( )
1.212 𝐿 72.946
1
108.795 3
ℎ𝑎 (0.0254) = 2.595502013 ( )
𝐿
1
108.795 3
2.595502013 ( )
ℎ𝑎 = 𝐿
(0.0254)
(𝑇𝑤 − 𝑇𝑏𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑤 − 𝑇𝑏𝑜 ) (82.2 − 26.7) + (82.2 − 46.1)
∆𝑇𝑎 = = = 45.8
2 2
𝑚𝐶𝑝 (𝑇𝑏𝑜 − 𝑇𝑏𝑖 ) = ℎ𝑎 (𝜋𝐷𝐿)∆𝑇𝑎
1
108.795 3
2.595502013 ( )
(6.30 × 10−2 )(2.093 × 103 )(19.4) = 𝐿 [𝜋(0.0254)𝐿](45.8)
(0.0254)
𝑳 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟏𝟗 𝒎

10. Air at a pressure of 101.3 𝑘𝑃𝑎 and a temperature of 288.8 𝐾 is flowing over
a thin, smooth flat plate at 3.05 𝑚⁄𝑠. The plate length in the direction of flow is
0.305 𝑚 and is at 333.2 𝐾. Calculate the heat transfer coefficient in 𝑊⁄𝑚2 ∙ 𝐾,
assuming laminar flow. (difficult)
a. 6.72
b. 11.67
c. 12.34
d. 30.02

Solution:
Given: 𝑇𝑏 = 288.8 𝐾 , 𝑣 = 3.05 𝑚⁄𝑠, 𝐿 = 0.305 𝑚 , 𝑇𝑤 = 333.2 𝐾, Fluid Involved: Air
Required: ℎ
Solution:

Illustration:
 𝑇𝑏 + 𝑇𝑤 288.8 + 333.2
𝑇𝑓 = = = 311 𝐾
2 2
Properties of Air at 311 K and 101.3 kPa:
𝑘𝑔
𝜌 = 1.137 ⁄𝑚3 , 𝜇 = 1.90 × 10−5 𝑃𝑎 ∙ 𝑠, 𝑘 = 0.02700 𝑊⁄𝑚 ∙ 𝐾 , 𝑁𝑃𝑟 = 0.705
𝐿𝑣𝜌 (0.305)(3.05)(1.137)
𝑁𝑅𝑒.𝐿 = = = 55668.11842
𝜇 1.90 × 10−5
*Assume Laminar Flow:
ℎ𝐿
𝑁𝑁𝑢 = = 0.664𝑁𝑅𝑒.𝐿 0.5 𝑁𝑃𝑟 1/3
𝑘
(0.02700 )(0.664)(55668.11842)0.5 (0.705)1/3
ℎ=
0.305
𝒉 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 𝑾⁄ 𝟐
𝒎 ∙𝑲