SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(AUTONOMOUS)
SREE SAINATH NAGAR, TIRUPATI-517 102
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Program Educational Objectives - B.Tech Electrical and Electronics Engineering:

PEO1: be enrolled in academic programs in the disciplines of electrical engineering or other

disciplines.
PEO2: be employed as productive and valued engineers in reputed organizations.
PEO3: assume increasingly responsible positions and use the technical skills and analytical acumen
to address professional values, ethics, and leadership and team skills for execution of
complex technological solutions.
Program outcomes - B.Tech Electrical and Electronics Engineering:
On successful completion of the program, engineering graduates will be able to:

1. Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and concepts of

engineering to the solution of complex engineering problems. (Engineering knowledge)
2. Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems
reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences and
engineering sciences. (Problem analysis)
3. Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design system components or
processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health
and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations. (Design/development
of solutions)
4. Use research-based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments,
analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid
conclusions. (Conduct investigations of complex problems)
5. Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT
tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations. (Modern tool usage)
6. Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal
and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering
practice. (The engineer and society)
7. Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental
contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of and need for sustainable development.
(Environment and sustainability)
8. Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of
the engineering practice. (Ethics)
9. Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and in
multidisciplinary settings. (Individual and team work)
10. Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community
and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and
design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
(Communication)
 11. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and management principles and
apply these to one's own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments. (Project management and finance)
12. Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-
long learning in the broadest context of technological change. (Life-long learning)

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

On successful completion of the program, engineering graduates will

PSO1: Demonstrate knowledge of Electrical and Electronic circuits, Electrical Machines, Power
Systems, Control Systems, and Power Electronics for solving problems in electrical and
electronics engineering.

PSO2: Analyze, design, test and maintain electrical systems to meet the specific needs of the
Industry and society.

PSO3: Conduct investigations to address complex engineering problems in the areas of Electrical
Machines, Power Systems, Control Systems and Power Electronics.

PSO4: Apply appropriate techniques, resources and modern tools to provide solutions for
problems related to electrical and electronics engineering
 CONTENTS
S.No Name of the Topic Page No.
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY
1.1 Introduction
1.2 State of the Art on Power Quality
1.3 Terms and Definitions
1.4 Classification of Power Quality Problems
1.5 Causes of Power Quality Problems
1.6 Effects of Power Quality Problems on Users
1.7 Concepts of Transients
1.7.1 Impulse Transient
1.7.2 Oscillatory Transient
1.8 Short duration variations – Interruption
1.9 Long duration variations – Sustained Interruption
1.10 Sags and Swells
1.10.1 Voltage Sag
1.10.2 Voltage Swell
1.10.3 Voltage Imbalance
1.10.4 Voltage Fluctuation
1.10.5 Waveform Distortion
1.11 Power Frequency Variations
1.12 International Standards of Power Quality
1.13 CBEMA and ITI Curves
1.14 Summary
1.15 Review Questions
CHAPTER 2 : VOLTAGE SAG AND INTERRUPTION
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sources of Sags and Interruption
2.3 Estimating Voltage Sag Performance
2.3.1 Area of Vulnerability
2.3.2 Equipment Sensitivity to Voltage Sags
2.3.2.1 Equipment Sensitive to only the Magnitude of
Voltage Sag
2.3.2.2 Equipment Sensitive to both the Magnitude and

Introduction to Power Quality Page 2

 Duration of Voltage Sag
2.3.2.3 Equipment Sensitive to characteristics other than
Magnitude and Duration
2.3.3 Transmission system sag performance evaluation
2.3.4 Utility distribution system sag performance evaluation
2.4 Voltage Sags due to Induction Motor Starting
2.5 Estimation of the Sag Severity
2.6 Mitigation of Voltage Sags
2.7 Motor Generator Set
2.8 Active Series Compensators
2.9 Static Transfer Switches
2.10 Fast Transfer Switches
2.11 Summary
2.12 Review Questions
CHAPTER 3 : OVER VOLTAGES
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Classification of Transient over Voltages
3.3 Sources of Over Voltages
3.3.1 Over Voltage Due to Lightning
3.3.2 Over Voltage Due to Network Switching
3.3.3 Utility Capacitor Switching
3.3.4 Ferro Resonance
3.4 Mitigation of Voltage Swells
3.5 Surge Arresters
3.5.1 Rod gap arrester
3.5.2 Horn gap arrester
3.5.3 Multi gap arrester
3.5.4 Expulsion type arrester
3.5.5 Valve type arrester
3.6 Low Pass Filters
3.7 Power Conditioners
3.8 Lightning Protection
3.8.1 Shielding and Surge Arrester
3.8.2 Line Arresters

Introduction to Power Quality Page 3

 3.9 Protection of Transformers
3.9.1 Differential Protection Scheme
3.10 Protection of Cables
3.11 Computer Analysis tools for Transient – PSCAD and EMTP
3.11.1 Power System Computer Aided Design – PSCAD / EMTDC
3.11.2 EMTP
3.12 Summary
3.13 Review Questions
CHAPTER 4 : HARMONICS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Harmonic Sources from Commercial Loads
4.2.1 Single Phase Power Supplies
4.2.2 Fluorescent Lighting
4.2.3 Adjusting speed drives for HVAC and Elevators
4.3 Harmonic Sources from Industrial Loads
4.3.1 Three Phase Power Converters
4.3.2 DC Drives
4.3.3 AC Drives
4.3.4 Impact of Operating Condition
4.3.5 Arcing Devices
4.3.6 Saturation Devices
4.4 Locating Harmonic Sources
4.5 Power System Response Characteristics
4.5.1 System Impedance
4.5.2 Capacitor Impedance
4.5.3 Parallel Resonance
4.5.4 Series Resonance
4.6 Effects of Harmonics
4.7 Harmonic Distortion
4.7.1 Voltage and Current Distortion
4.7.2 Harmonic Indices
4.7.3 Total Harmonic Distortion
4.7.4 Total Demand Distortion

Introduction to Power Quality Page 4

 4.8 Harmonic Distortion Evaluation
4.8.1 Concept of point of common coupling
4.8.2 Harmonic Evaluation on the utility system
4.8.3 Voltage Limits Evaluation Procedure
4.8.4 Harmonic Evaluation for end-user facilities
4.9 Devices for controlling Harmonic Distortion
4.9.1 Passive Filters
4.9.1.1 Shunt Passive Filters
4.9.1.2 Series Passive Filters
4.9.1.3 Low Pass Broad Band Filters
4.9.1.4 C Filters
4.9.2 Active Filters
4.10 Passive Power Filters
4.10.1 State of the Art on Passive Power Filters
4.10.2 Classification of Passive Filters
4.10.2.1 Topology Based Classification
4.10.2.2 Connected Based Classification
4.10.2.3 Supply System Based Classification
4.10.3 Principle of Operation of Passive Power Filters
4.10.4 Analysis and Design of Passive Power Filters
4.10.5 Modeling, Simulation and Performance of Passive Power
Filters
4.10.6 Limitation of Passive Filters
4.11 Shunt Active Power Filters
4.11.1 State of the Art on Shunt Active Power Filters
4.11.2 Classification of Shunt Active Filters
4.11.2.1 Converter Based Classification
4.11.2.2 Topology Based Classification
4.11.2.3 Supply System Based Classification
4.11.3 Principle of Operation of Shunt Active Power Filters
4.11.3.1 Principle of Operation of Shunt Active Power
Filters
4.11.3.2 Control of Shunt Active Power Filters
4.11.4 Analysis and Design of Shunt Active Power Filters

Introduction to Power Quality Page 5

 4.11.5 Modeling, Simulation and Performance of Shunt Active
Power Filters
4.12 Series Active Power Filters
4.12.1 State of the Art on Series Active Power Filters
4.12.2 Classification of Series Active Filters
4.12.2.1 Converter-Based Classification of Series APFs
4.12.2.2 Topology-Based Classification of Series APFs
4.12.2.3 Supply System-Based Classification of Series
APFs
4.12.3 Principle of Operation of Series Active Power Filters
4.12.4 Analysis and Design of Series Active Power Filters
4.12.5 Modeling, Simulation and Performance of Series Active
Power Filters
4.13 Hybrid Power Filters
4.13.1 State of the Art on Hybrid Power Filters
4.13.2 Classification of Hybrid Filters
4.13.3 Principle of Operation and Control of Hybrid Power Filters
4.13.4 Analysis and Design of Hybrid Power Filters
4.13.5 Modeling, Simulation and Performance of Hybrid Power
Filters
4.14 IEEE and IEC standards
4.14.1 Overview of IEC Standards on Harmonics
4.15 Summary
4.16 Review Questions
CHAPTER 5 : POWER QUALITY MONITORING
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Monitoring Consideration
5.2.1 Monitoring as part of a facility site survey
5.2.2 Determining what to monitor
5.2.3 Choosing Monitoring Locations
5.2.4 Options for Permanent Power Quality Monitoring Equipment
5.2.5 Find the Sources of Disturbance
5.3 Power Quality Measurement Equipment
5.4 Disturbance Analyzers
5.5 Spectrum analyzers and Harmonic Analyzers

Introduction to Power Quality Page 6

 5.6 Flicker Meters
5.7 Application of Expert Systems for Power Quality Monitoring
5.7.1 Basic Design of an Expert System for Monitoring
Applications
5.7.2 Future Applications
5.8 Summary
5.9 Review Questions
CHAPTER 6 : COMPENSATORS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Passive Shunt and Series Compensators
6.2.1 State of the Art on Passive Shunt and Series Compensators
6.2.2 Classification of Passive Shunt and Series Compensators
6.2.3 Principle of Operation of Passive Shunt and Series
Compensators
6.2.4 Analysis and Design of Passive Shunt Compensators
6.2.4.1 Analysis and Design of Single-Phase Passive Shunt
Compensators
6.2.4.2 Analysis and Design of Three-Phase Three-Wire
Passive Shunt Compensators
6.2.4.3 Analysis and Design of Three-Phase Four-Wire
Passive Shunt Compensators
6.2.5 Modeling, Simulation and Performance of Passive Shunt and
Series Compensators
6.3 Active Shunt Compensator
6.3.1 State of the Art on DSTATCOMs
6.3.2 Classification of DSTATCOMs
6.3.2.1 Converter-Based Classification
6.3.2.2 Topology-Based Classification
6.3.2.3 Supply System-Based Classification
6.3.3 Principle of Operation and Control of DSTATCOMs
6.3.3.1 Principle of Operation of DSTATCOMs
6.3.3.2 Control of DSTATCOMs
6.3.4 Analysis and Design of DSTATCOMs
6.3.4.1 Design of a Three-Phase Three-Wire DSTATCOM
6.3.4.2 Design of a Three-Phase Four-Wire DSTATCOM
6.3.5 Modeling, Simulation and Performance of DSTATCOMs

Introduction to Power Quality Page 7

 6.3.5.1 Performance of a SRF-Based Three-Leg VSC-
Based DSTATCOM
6.3.5.2 Performance of a Four-Leg VSC-Based Three-
Phase Four-Wire DSTATCOM
6.3.5.3 Performance of a Three Single-Phase VSC-Based
Three-Phase Four-Wire DSTATCOM
6.4 Active Series Compensator
6.4.1 State of the Art on Active Series Compensator
6.4.2 Classification of Active Series Compensator
6.4.2.1 Converter-Based Classification
6.4.2.2 Topology-Based Classification
6.4.2.3 Supply System-Based Classification
6.4.3 Principle of Operation and Control of Active Series
Compensator
6.4.4 Analysis and Design of Active Series Compensator
6.4.5 Modeling, Simulation and Performance of Active Series
Compensator
6.5 Unified Power Quality Compensator
6.5.1 State of the Art on Unified Power Quality Compensator
6.5.2 Classification of Unified Power Quality Compensator
6.5.2.1 Converter-Based Classification of UPQCs
6.5.2.2 Topology-Based Classification of UPQCs
6.5.2.3 Supply System-Based Classification of UPQCs
6.5.3 Principle of Operation and Control of Unified Power Quality
Compensator
6.5.3.1 Principle of Operation of UPQCs
6.5.3.2 Control of UPQCs
6.5.4 Analysis and Design of Unified Power Quality Compensator
6.5.5 Modeling, Simulation and Performance of Unified Power
Quality Compensator
6.6 Summary
6.7 Review Questions
CHAPTER 7 : LOAD THAT CAUSES POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS
7.1 Introduction
7.2 State of the Art on Nonlinear Loads
7.3 Classification of Nonlinear Loads

Introduction to Power Quality Page 8