Republic of the Philippines

SAMAR COLLEGES, INC.

Catbalogan City

COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES

Name :
Subject : EM 205 - School Legislation
Day/Time : 2:00-5:00/Saturday
Instructor : Renno Jose Gabuya, EdD

Overview: The paper of Alla B. De Guzman (2003) explained “ the current reforms in basic and higher education in
the Philippines. Specifically, internal and external enablers in the educational environment were reviewed as
justifications for the reforms both at the national level as well at the individual teacher. The reforms were treated in
the light of four perspectives in the measurement of quality namely; the reputational view, the resources view, the
outcomes view, and the value-added view”
Direction: Make a refutative paper out of the claims made by De Guzman, use the following three-part organization,
and how it should be presented as part of your explication.
The opponent’s argument: Usually, you should not assume that your reader has read or remembered the argument
you are refuting. Thus, at the beginning of your paragraph, you need to state, accurately and fairly, the main points of
the argument you will refute.
Your position: Next, make clear the nature of your disagreement with the argument or position you are refuting. Your
position might assert, for example, that a writer has not proved his assertion because he has provided evidence that
is outdated, or that the argument is filled with fallacies.
Your refutation: The specifics of your counterargument will depend upon the nature of your disagreement. If you
challenge the writer’s evidence, then you must present the more recent evidence. If you challenge assumptions, then
you must explain why they do not hold up. If your position is that the piece is filled with fallacies, then you must
present and explain each fallacy.
Please be guide on the rubrics below on how your output shall be evaluated.
Content 50%
Organization of Ideas 25%
Mechanics 25%
TOTAL 100%
Organization of Ideas (Writing shows a high degree of attention to logic and reasoning of points. Unity clearly leads the reader to the conclusion
and stirs thought regarding the topic)

Level of content (Content indicates synthesis of ideas, in-depth analysis, and pieces of evidence of original thought and support for the topic)

Development (Main points well developed with high quality and quantity support. Reveals high degree of critical thinking)

Grammar and Mechanics (Essay is free of distracting spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors; absent of fragments, comma splices, and
run-ons)
Style (Shows outstanding style going beyond usual college level; rhetorical devices and tone used effectively; creative use of sentence
structure and coordination)