ARW01S1 – Academic Research & Writing

Assessment 1: Essay Plan

Weighting: 25%
Due Date: Week 4, 24 hours after end of your timetabled ARW class

Name: Asraa Al Bunajim ID: 90028975

Date: Lecturer: Martin
Assessment 1 - Essay Plan (25%)

BP1:

Topic Sentence and Re-statement (concluding sentence)

 [Solutions to climate change]

 [how individuals, communities, corporations and/or governments can take action to help deal with
climate change using climate change litigation.]
 [litigation, climate change, courts, justice]

Find evidence on the first compulsory sub-topic. (6 marks)

“Direct quote” the evidence with a correct in-text citation (1 marks)
Remember: at least one piece of evidence must come from the pre-chosen SJA and at least one
piece of evidence must come from a second credible source.

 Explanation (explain the subtopic in general terms).

“Climate change litigation is a broad term and can encompass a range of cases, including those which are not centrally
‘about’ climate change, but are indirectly linked due to the interconnectedness of climate change issues with many
areas of law.” (Jacqueline Peel and Hari M Osofsky, ‘Climate Change Litigation’ (2020) 16 Annual Review of Law and
Social Science 21, 23)

“The 2020 Global Climate Litigation Report by the United Nations Environment Programme describes climate change
litigation as ‘cases that raise material issues of law or fact relating to climate change mitigation, adaptation, or the
science of climate change’” (United Nations Environment Programme (2020) Global Climate Litigation Report)

Rights-based climate legal action faces a number of specific challenges. The first is the “causality
challenge”: the need to establish a relationship between a country's or company's GHG emissions, a state's
failure to implement adaptation policies, and the resulting impacts on the one hand, and the subsequent
effect on human rights on the other (OHCHR, 2009; Peel & Osofsky, 2018; Vollmer, 2018).

 Analysis (outline the different elements of the subtopic).

There has been a significant focus in the impact literature on ‘high-profile cases’. High-profile cases have
been viewed in the literature “as important markers in the development and growing significance of
climate change litigation” (Peel & Osofsky 2020, p. 25, citing e.g., Fisher 2013, Osofsky 2010, van Zeben
2015).
ARW01S1 – Academic Research & Writing
Assessment 1: Essay Plan
Weighting: 25%
Due Date: Week 4, 24 hours after end of your timetabled ARW class

‘’Previous general reviews of the climate change literature by (Setzer & Vanhala 2019 and Peel & Osofsky
2020) pointed to increasing disciplinary and inter-disciplinary diversity in the climate change litigation
scholarship over time. This continues to be the case, with contributions coming from the broader social
sciences and natural sciences. Nevertheless, the literature is still dominated by legal scholars.”

 Example (provide an example of the subtopic).

“climate litigation that seeks compensation for losses and damages arising from climate change effects can
inflict substantial losses on the balance sheets of defendants. Litigation could also inflict reputational
damage, which is particularly harmful in financial markets.” (Armour et al., 2016).

“To avoid potential losses, the prospect of climate litigation could disincentivise investments in polluting
projects. But the prospect of climate litigation could also disincentives investments in “climate-friendly”
technologies if investors identify a too high risk of being challenged when such technologies fail to have
the impact that borrowers committed to. Another example is the numerous legal challenges to wind farms
by local communities. Consequently, climate litigation could hinder the development of mitigation and
adaptation projects” (Allen, 2018).

 Synthesis (importance/relevance/consequences of the subtopic).

“Overall, more attention to the potential negative effects, adverse outcomes from or unintended
consequences of litigation, derived from case studies, would allow a more nuanced assessment of the
utility of climate litigation as a strategic tool for bringing about desired change objectives.”( Averill, M.,
“Linking climate litigation and human rights” (2009) Review of European Community & International
Environmental Law)

“The dataset for this review was specific to climate change litigation and did not extend to public interest
litigation in general or that related to environmental law. There was, as such, no study of possible methods
or lessons that could be transferred from that extensive literature for analysing or understanding the
impacts of climate change litigation.”( Averill, M., “Linking climate litigation and human rights” (2009)
Review of European Community & International Environmental Law)
ARW01S1 – Academic Research & Writing
Assessment 1: Essay Plan
Weighting: 25%
Due Date: Week 4, 24 hours after end of your timetabled ARW class

BP2:

Topic Sentence and Re-statement (concluding sentence)

 [Solutions to climate change.]

 [How individuals, communities, corporations and/or governments can take action to help
 deal with climate changing through Tackle climate change misinformation.
 [Climate change, false misinformation]

Find evidence on the second sub-topic. (6 marks)

“Direct quote” the evidence with a correct in-text citation (1 marks)
Remember: evidence must come from a minimum of 2 credible academic sources.

 Explanation (explain the subtopic in general terms).

“In the context of climate change research, misinformation may be seen in the types of behaviour and
information which cast doubt on well-supported theories, or in those which attempt to discredit climate
science.”  (Treen, K. M. d’l., et al. (2020) Online misinformation about climate change, WIREs Climate
Change)

‘’At the same time, researchers find that online misinformation can spread faster and deeper than factual
information, making it harder for scientific facts to reach the entire population’’ (Lewandowsky, Pilditch,
Madsen, Oreskes, & Risbey, 2019; Scheufele & Krause, 2019; Vosoughi, Roy, & Aral, 2018).

 Analysis (outline the different elements of the subtopic).

(Elsasser and Dunlap (2013) state that the conservative “echo chamber” is a crucial element of what they term
“the climate change denial machine”, and investigate this through an analysis of 203 opinion editorials written
by 80 different conservative newspaper columnists published from 2007 to 2010. 

‘’Some researchers focus on just one of these categories or key components of climate change denial, for
instance (Elgesem, Steskal, and Diakopoulos (2015) analyze climate change discourse in the blogosphere and
find that blogs are a crucial outlet for climate change skeptics.’’

 Example (provide an example of the subtopic).

ARW01S1 – Academic Research & Writing
Assessment 1: Essay Plan
Weighting: 25%
Due Date: Week 4, 24 hours after end of your timetabled ARW class

‘’High profile examples of the potential impact of online misinformation include the increase in vaccine-
preventable diseases following the debunked claims of a link between childhood vaccinations and
autism’’(Bessi et al., 2015a; Kata, 2010; Lewandowsky, Ecker, & Cook, 2017; Lewandowsky, Ecker, Seifert,
Schwarz, & Cook, 2012),

‘’the concerns over misinformation and “fake news” in the 2016 US Presidential election (Allcott &
Gentzkow, 2017; Guess, Nyhan, & Reifler, 2018).’’

 Synthesis (importance/relevance/consequences of the subtopic).

“The broader research into the impact of misinformation highlights emotional responses at an individual
level including panic, suspicion, fear, worry, and anger, and the effects of these responses in terms of
decisions and actions taken (Budak, Agrawal, & El Abbadi, 2011; Karlova & Fisher, 2012)

“while others raise their concerns about the vulnerability of/threat to/adverse impact at a societal level,
particularly democratic societies, caused by misinformation “ (Cook et al., 2018; Lazer et al., 2017;
Lewandowsky et al., 2017; Shao, Ciampaglia, et al., 2018; Webb et al., 2016). Lewandowsky et al. (2017,
pp. 7–8)

BP3: Name/ describe the first compulsory sub-topic and summarise your evidence.

Topic Sentence and Re-statement (concluding sentence)

 [solutions to climate change]

ARW01S1 – Academic Research & Writing
Assessment 1: Essay Plan
Weighting: 25%
Due Date: Week 4, 24 hours after end of your timetabled ARW class

 [How individuals, communities, corporations and/or governments can take action to help
 deal with climate changing through Green and Sustainable financing.]
 [Sustainable financing, climate change. Green finance]

Find evidence on the third sub-topic. (6 marks)

“Direct quote” the evidence with a correct in-text citation (1 marks)
Remember: evidence must come from a minimum of 2 credible academic sources.

 Explanation (explain the subtopic in general terms).

“Sustainable finance includes environmental, social, governance and economic aspects. Green finance
includes climate finance but excludes social and economic aspects.” (International Organization for
Standardization 2022, 3).

“The role of energy consumption is highly correlative with both environmental protection and climate
change. The high emission level of CO2 has become a serious global issue “(Bekun et al., 2019).

 Analysis (outline the different elements of the subtopic).

“The BP statistics indicated that the global fossil energy-related CO2 emission increased from 11.190 billion
tonnes in 1965 to 34.356 billion tonnes in 2019, with a threefold increase.” (Brini, 2021; Usman and
Balsalobre-Lorente, 2022).

“renewable energy has become a key element in the “fast zero” and “net zero” schemes, which can
promote energy structure transition, protect ecological environment and mitigate climate change
crisis.” (Brini, 2021; Usman and Balsalobre-Lorente, 2022).

 Example (provide an example of the subtopic).

“a proposal to halve CO2 emissions by 2035 or a proposal by 3,500 leading economists in the world,
including 27 Nobel Prize winners in economics and a coalition of 19 Fortune 100 companies, the world's
100 largest companies to introduce “carbon dividends” “ (C. Watkins. Coronavirus: The Immediate effect
on climate change. Climate Action, 30 March. (2020)

 Synthesis (importance/relevance/consequences of the subtopic).

“The world financial centres were the most affected by the pandemic, which affects the revaluation of
green finance. In the financial industry, data deployment and collection is becoming key, and the only thing
that matters are whether the financial product that real customers want can be delivered in sufficient
green packaging and adequate liquidity.”
(. R Cho, How Climate Change Impacts the Economy. State of the Planet, June 20. (2019)
ARW01S1 – Academic Research & Writing
Assessment 1: Essay Plan
Weighting: 25%
Due Date: Week 4, 24 hours after end of your timetabled ARW class

Provide a correctly formatted End-Text Reference List (4 marks)

(Alphabetical order, hanging indent, follow Chicago 17thB [author-date] referencing rules).

 (Jacqueline Peel and Hari M Osofsky, ‘Climate Change Litigation’ (2020) 16 Annual Review of Law and Social
Science  21, 23)
 (United Nations Environment Programme (2020)  Global Climate Litigation Report)
 (OHCHR, 2009; Peel & Osofsky, 2018; Vollmer, 2018).
 (Peel & Osofsky 2020, p. 25, citing e.g., Fisher 2013, Osofsky 2010, van Zeben 2015).
 (Setzer & Vanhala 2019 and Peel & Osofsky 2020)
 (Armour et al., 2016).
 (Allen, 2018).
 ( Averill, M., “Linking climate litigation and human rights” (2009) Review of European Community & International
Environmental Law)
 ( Averill, M., “Linking climate litigation and human rights” (2009) Review of European Community & International
Environmental Law)
 (Treen, K. M. d’l., et al. (2020) Online misinformation about climate change, WIREs Climate Change)
 (Lewandowsky, Pilditch, Madsen, Oreskes, & Risbey, 2019; Scheufele & Krause, 2019; Vosoughi, Roy, & Aral,
2018).
 (Elsasser and Dunlap (2013)
 Elgesem, Steskal, and Diakopoulos (2015)
 (Bessi et al., 2015a; Kata, 2010; Lewandowsky, Ecker, & Cook, 2017; Lewandowsky, Ecker, Seifert, Schwarz, &
Cook, 2012),
 (Allcott & Gentzkow, 2017; Guess, Nyhan, & Reifler, 2018).’’
 (Budak, Agrawal, & El Abbadi, 2011; Karlova & Fisher, 2012
 “ (Cook et al., 2018; Lazer et al., 2017; Lewandowsky et al., 2017; Shao, Ciampaglia, et al., 2018; Webb et
al., 2016). Lewandowsky et al. (2017, pp. 7–8)
 (International Organization for standardization 2022, 3).
 “(Bekun et al., 2019).
 (Brini, 2021; Usman and Balsalobre-Lorente, 2022).
 (Brini, 2021; Usman and Balsalobre-Lorente, 2022).
 (C. Watkiss. Coronavirus: The Immediate effect on climate change. Climate Action, 30 March. (2020)
 (. R Cho, How Climate Change Impacts the Economy. State of the Planet, June 20. (2019)
ARW01S1 – Academic Research & Writing
Assessment 1: Essay Plan
Weighting: 25%
Due Date: Week 4, 24 hours after end of your timetabled ARW class
ARW01S1 – Academic Research & Writing
Assessment 1: Essay Plan
Weighting: 25%
Due Date: Week 4, 24 hours after end of your timetabled ARW class

Essay Plan Referencing Requirements

All content should be directly quoted evidence from academic and/or credible sources with referencing
formatted according to the Chicago 17 th B (Author-Date) Reference Guide. The essay plan will include in-
text citations as well as an end text reference list.
Evidence in your essay plan must be taken from a minimum of 6 credible academic sources (see
Assessment 4). To be specific:

 Body paragraph 1 must contain evidence from the Pre-chosen Scholarly Journal Article (found on the
unit Moodle page) as well as at least 1 other credible academic source.
 Body paragraphs 2 and 3 should contain evidence from at least 1 additional Scholarly Journal Article
and at least 3 other credible academic sources (i.e. a minimum of 2 sources per body paragraph).
 When direct quoting evidence, regardless of the word count, please follow the Chicago Referencing
Guide 17thb formatting rules for a direct quote of less than 40 words.
 An incorrect or missing in-text citation or end-text reference will result in a loss of marks for evidence
due to lack of academic integrity.

Essay Plan Format Requirements

 Download the Assessment 1 – Essay Plan template file, found under the Assessment tile in Moodle.
 Type up your plan into the template.
 Save the template as YourNameEssayPlan.
 You must be able to produce a copy of all drafts and of all work submitted if requested. Please ensure you save
individual copies of your drafts of your assessments to show your working process. Please track the progress
and changes you make to your digital assessments. This could be in the form of saving multiple versions of
your document, using mark-up to track your progress or other individually saved files – depending on your
assessment requirements.

Essay Plan Submission Requirements

 Upload your Assessment 1 Essay Plan completed template to Moodle within 24 hours of the end of
your week 4 timetabled ARW class to the submission point found under the assessment tile in
Moodle.
 Your document must be saved and uploaded as a Word document only.
 Your upload will not be considered submitted if it is in the incorrect document file format. Note that the Turnitin
upload link will not accept file submissions in RTF/ PNG/ JPEG or Pages.
ARW01S1 – Academic Research & Writing
Assessment 1: Essay Plan
Weighting: 25%
Due Date: Week 4, 24 hours after end of your timetabled ARW class

Marking Criteria & Feedback

Assessment 1: Essay Plan Marking Sheet Score Student Score

BP1 (Compulsory subtopic)

1. Evidence (direct quoted from source) 6
 Evidence supports EES structure
 Enough evidence to address subtopic
 Logically ordered

2. In text citations provided for Pre-chosen SJA + 1 other 1

source, correctly formatted according to Chicago 17th B
(Author-Date) Reference Guide.

Note: Failure to reference or reference in sufficient detail may result

in a loss of marks for evidence due to a lack of academic integrity.
BP2 (Chosen sub-topic)
1. Evidence (direct quoted from source) 6
 Evidence supports EES structure
 Enough evidence to address subtopic
 Logically ordered

2. In text citations provided for minimum of 2 sources, correctly 1

formatted according to Chicago 17th B (Author-Date)
Reference Guide.

Note: Failure to reference or reference in sufficient detail may result

in a loss of marks for evidence due to a lack of academic integrity.
BP3 (Chosen sub-topic)
1. Evidence (direct quoted from source) 6
 Evidence supports EES structure
 Enough evidence to address subtopic
 Logically ordered

2. In text citations provided for minimum of 2 sources, correctly 1

formatted according to Chicago 17th B (Author-Date)
Reference Guide.

Note: Failure to reference or reference in sufficient detail may result

in a loss of marks for evidence due to a lack of academic integrity.
End Text Reference List
Correctly formatted according to Chicago 17th B (Author-Date) 4
Reference Guide

Note: Failure to end text reference or reference in sufficient detail may result
in a loss of marks for evidence due to a lack of academic integrity.

Total 25

Note :
 Evidence directly quoted must be relevant to the question being answered and support the body
paragraph controlling idea to be awarded a mark.
 Where evidence is not relevant, marks for the in-text citation will not be awarded.
 An incorrect or missing in-text citation or end-text reference will result in a loss of marks for evidence
due to lack of academic integrity.