1.

Classes of Insulation: Insulation is used to prevent the flow of

current between different electrical conductors. Depending on the
voltage rating of the equipment, different classes of insulation are
used. The various classes of insulation are as follows:
 Class A: This class of insulation is used in equipment that operates
at a temperature of up to 105°C. It consists of materials such as
cotton, silk, or paper.
 Class B: This class of insulation is used in equipment that operates
at a temperature of up to 130°C. It consists of materials such as
mica, glass fiber, or polyester film.
 Class F: This class of insulation is used in equipment that operates
at a temperature of up to 155°C. It consists of materials such as
Nomex, Teflon, or Kapton.
 Class H: This class of insulation is used in equipment that operates
at a temperature of up to 180°C. It consists of materials such as
silicone rubber or polyimide film.
 Class N: This class of insulation is used in equipment that operates
at a temperature of up to 200°C. It consists of materials such as
ceramic or quartz.
2. Types of Motors: Motors are used to convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy. Depending on the type of power source and
the application, different types of motors are used. The various
types of motors are as follows:
 AC Motors: These motors are powered by alternating current and
are widely used in industrial and residential applications. They are
available in various types such as induction motors, synchronous
motors, and brushless DC motors.
 DC Motors: These motors are powered by direct current and are
commonly used in applications such as electric vehicles, robotics,
and industrial automation.
 Stepper Motors: These motors are used in applications that require
precise control of position and speed, such as CNC machines and
3D printers.
 Servo Motors: These motors are used in applications that require
high torque and precision control, such as robotics and industrial
automation.
 3. Types of Transformers: Transformers are used to transfer electrical
energy from one circuit to another. Depending on the application,
different types of transformers are used. The various types of
transformers are as follows:
 Power Transformers: These transformers are used to transfer power
from one circuit to another. They are commonly used in power
generation, transmission, and distribution systems.
 Distribution Transformers: These transformers are used to step
down the voltage from the transmission level to the distribution
level. They are commonly used in residential and commercial
applications.
 Instrument Transformers: These transformers are used to measure
electrical quantities such as voltage and current. They are
commonly used in power system protection and control.
 Isolation Transformers: These transformers are used to isolate one
circuit from another. They are commonly used in medical
equipment, audio equipment, and telecommunications.
4. Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs): MCBs are used to protect
electrical circuits from overcurrents and short circuits. Depending
on the breaking capacity and the application, different types of
MCBs are used. The various types of MCBs are as follows:
 Type B: These MCBs are used in applications such as lighting and
small appliances.
 Type C: These MCBs are used in applications such as air
conditioning and power sockets.
 Type D: These MCBs are used in applications such as motors and
transformers.
 Type K: These MCBs are used in applications such as inductive
loads and welding machines.
 Type Z: These MCBs are used in applications such as surge
protection and sensitive electronic equipment.

B The National Building Code (NBC) 2016 is a comprehensive

document that sets out minimum standards for the design, construction,
and occupancy of buildings in India. It provides guidelines for safety,
health, accessibility, and sustainability of buildings.

Volume 1 of the NBC 2016 covers administrative and general

requirements for the design and construction of buildings. It provides
information on site selection, planning and design, structural design, fire
and life safety, plumbing, electrical, and mechanical systems, and
building materials.

Volume 2 of the NBC 2016 covers specific building types and

occupancies, including residential, commercial, institutional, industrial,
and public assembly buildings. It provides detailed guidelines on the
design, construction, and occupancy of these building types, including
requirements for accessibility, fire and life safety, and environmental
sustainability.

Some of the broad features of NBC 2016 include:

 Providing minimum standards for the safety and well-being of

occupants of buildings
 Promoting sustainability and energy efficiency in building design
and construction
 Providing guidelines for accessibility for persons with disabilities
 Regulating the use of building materials and construction
techniques to ensure structural integrity and durability
 Addressing fire and life safety concerns in buildings, including
measures to prevent and control fires, smoke, and other hazards
 Regulating the design and installation of building systems,
including plumbing, electrical, and mechanical systems, to ensure
safety and functionality.

2
Difference between MCB & MCCB:

MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) and MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker)
are both types of circuit breakers used in electrical installations to
protect against overcurrents and short circuits. The main differences
between the two are as follows:

1. Breaking capacity: MCCBs have a higher breaking capacity than

MCBs, which means they can handle higher fault currents.
2. Current ratings: MCCBs are available in higher current ratings than
MCBs, which makes them suitable for use in larger electrical
systems.
3. Trip characteristics: MCCBs have adjustable trip characteristics,
which means they can be customized to suit specific applications.
MCBs, on the other hand, have fixed trip characteristics.

Enlist the various accessories of the pole erected for a distribution line:

The various accessories of a pole erected for a distribution line include:

1. Cross-arm: This is a horizontal beam attached to the pole, which

supports the insulators and conductors.
2. Insulators: These are used to support the conductors and prevent
them from coming into contact with the pole or other objects.
They are made of materials such as porcelain or composite.
3. Conductors: These are the cables or wires that carry the electrical
power from the source to the destination.
4. Transformers: These are used to step up or step down the voltage
of the electrical power.
5. Fuses: These are used to protect the system against overcurrents
and short circuits.
6. Lightning arrestors: These are used to protect the system against
lightning strikes.
7. Earthing equipment: This is used to ground the system and protect
against electrical shocks.

How many types of poles are in use:

There are several types of poles used in electrical distribution systems,

including:
 1. Wooden poles: These are the traditional poles made of wood and
are still in use in many places.
2. Steel poles: These are more durable and have a longer lifespan
than wooden poles.
3. Concrete poles: These are strong and durable and can be used in
areas where high wind speeds or other extreme weather conditions
are a concern.
4. Composite poles: These are made of a combination of materials,
such as fiberglass and resin, and are lightweight and durable.
5. Transmission towers: These are used for high voltage transmission
lines and are usually made of steel or concrete.

3 To prepare an estimate of material and quantity for

providing an industrial service connection to a flour mill of 30
HP, the following items and quantities are required:

1. A 3-phase 4 wire 400/230 V supply cable - 150 meters

2. 3-phase 4 wire distribution panel - 1 no.
3. MCBs for each phase - 3 nos.
4. Energy meter - 1 no.
5. Cable trays and accessories - as required
6. Earthing material - as required

Assuming that the cable type required is XLPE (Cross-Linked

Polyethylene) cable with aluminum conductor, the following
table shows the estimated quantities and prices:

Item Quantity Unit Price (INR) Total Cost (INR)

XLPE Cable 3-core 70 sq.mm 150 m 1500/m 225000

 Item Quantity Unit Price (INR) Total Cost (INR)

3-Phase 4-wire Distribution Panel 1 no. 10000 10000

MCB 30A 3-pole 3 nos. 800 2400

Energy Meter 1 no. 5000 5000

Cable Trays and Accessories As req. - 15000

Earthing Material (Copper Electrodes etc.) As req. - 20000

Total - - 276400

Note: The prices used in this estimate are for illustrative

purposes only and may vary based on location and market
conditions. Additionally, this estimate does not include the cost
of labor or installation, which will vary depending on the
contractor.
4 To create an installation plan, you need to identify the
location of each light, fan, and plug outlet on the floor plan.
Typically, light and fan outlets are installed on the ceiling, and
plug outlets are installed on the wall. The number and location
of the outlets depend on the requirements and specifications of
the hospital.

For this particular case, two 15A plug and socket outlets are
required in each nurse's room. Based on the floor plan, you can
mark the location of the outlets using symbols or labels. The
switchboards and distribution boards should also be marked on
the plan, with their corresponding connections to the outlets.

To create a schematic diagram of the power distribution

arrangement, you need to identify the power source and
distribution system. The power source can be from a
transformer or generator, depending on the hospital's power
supply system. The distribution system should indicate the
connection of the switchboards and distribution boards to the
power source, as well as the distribution of power to each
outlet.

The schematic diagram should also include the specifications of

each component in the distribution system, such as the cables,
circuit breakers, and other electrical devices.

To make a schedule of materials required with full specifications

and estimate the cost of material and labor involved, you need
to calculate the total length of cables required for each outlet
and switchboard, as well as the total number of electrical
devices required. The specifications and costs of each
component can be obtained from suppliers or electrical
contractors.
The cost of labor can be estimated based on the amount of
work required, such as installation, wiring, and testing. The total
cost can be calculated by adding the cost of materials and
labor.

Note that the actual cost may vary depending on the location,
supplier, and contractor. It is essential to consult with
professionals and suppliers to ensure accurate estimates and
proper installation.