Question/Answer Booklet

CHEM 150

THE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND

FIRST SEMESTER, 2017

Campus: City

Chemistry

CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY

(Time allowed: THREE hours)

INSTRUCTIONS:

Answer ALL seven questions.

The mark value for each question is given in the table on the right and also in the questions.

The answers to questions should be written in the spaces provided. You may use the backs of
pages if extra space is required.

PRINT your ID number LEGIBLY at the top of each page.

OFFICE USE ONLY
A periodic table is attached at the end of the exam paper. This
page should be torn off so that you can use it during the exam. 1 14 marks
The periodic table does not need to be handed in.
2 16 marks
The rest of the booklet (pages 1 - 15) must be handed in at the
end of the examination. 3 20 marks

4 14 marks
Please PRINT:
5 13 marks
ID NUMBER: __________________________________
6 11 marks
Surname: __________________________________
7 12 marks

First Name: __________________________________ TOTAL 100 marks

Page 1 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________

QUESTION 1: (14 marks TOTAL)

(a) (2 marks) Classify each of the following as elements (E), compounds (C) or Mixtures (M).
Write the letter X if it is none of these. Each part is worth ½ marks.
(i) Concrete _______ (ii) Carbon dioxide _______
(iii) Bismuth _______ (iv) Energy ________

(b) (2 marks) Classify each of the following as a physical (P) or a chemical (C) property. Each
part is worth ½ marks.
(i) Lead becomes a liquid when heated to 601oC __________
(ii) Bleach turns hair yellow __________
(iii) Milk turns sour on standing at room temperature __________
(iv) Ice floats on top of liquid water __________

(c) (1½ marks) Name the following allotropes of carbon on the line provided.

(d) (1 mark) What is the density of a salt solution if 75.0 mL of the solution has a mass of 32.0g?

(e) (3 marks) For each of parts (i) – (vi), write the answer on the line provided. Each part is
worth ½ mark.
(i) Which subatomic particle has the smallest mass?

(ii) Which part of an atom has the highest density?

(iii) Which subatomic particle(s) are responsible for the volume of an atom

(iv) Which subatomic particles are responsible for the mass of an atom

(v) Name the process in which a gas (vapours) is converted to a liquid

(vi) Name the process in which a solid is converted to vapour phase

Page 2 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 1 (continued):
(f) (1½ marks) Complete the following sentence about an atom of 238U.

This atom has _______ protons, _______ neutrons and ______ electrons.

(g) (3 marks) For parts (1) to (6), write the number of the best answer on the line provided.
Each part is worth ½ marks.
1. Which of the following statements is correct?
(i) Carbon is a mixture and air is a compound
(ii) Table salt is a mixture and carbon is a compound
(iii) Air is a mixture and carbon is a compound
(iv) Air is a mixture and water is a compound _______

2. The formula for copper sulphate is CuSO4. What is the ratio of Cu : S : O atoms in the
formula?
(i) 1 : 4 : 4
(ii) 1 : 1 : 4
(iii) 4 : 3 : 4
(iv) 4 : 4 : 4 _______

3. Rutherford's experiment with alpha particle scattering by gold foil established that
(i) protons are not evenly distributed throughout an atom
(ii) electrons have a negative charge
(iii) atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons
(iv) protons are 1840 times heavier than electrons _______

4. Which of the following are isotopes?

(i) 12C and 12CO
14
(ii) C and 13C
14
(iii) N and 14N2
14
(iv) N and 14N3- ________

5. A technique in which two liquids, in a mixture, are separated by heating process is

known as
(i) condensation
(ii) filtration
(iii) evaporation
(iv) distillation ________

6. How many protons (p) and electrons (e) are present in one Br– ion?
(i) 35 p, 35 e
(ii) 80 p, 81 e
(iii) 35 p, 34 e
(iv) 35 p, 36 e _________

Page 3 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 2: (16 marks TOTAL)
(a) (1 mark) Complete the following sentences by writing the appropriate word(s) on the lines.
Each part is worth ½ marks.
(i) The volume of a sample of a gas is inversely proportional to the
of the gas at constant temperature.

(ii) The volume of a sample of a gas is directly proportional to its

at the gas at constant pressure.

(b) (3 marks) Write the electron configuration using s, p, d notation for the following:
(i) As

(ii) As3-

(iii) Explain why the radius of a As3- ion is bigger than the radius of a As atom.

(c) Write the name for each of the following compounds on the line to the right:
(i) (½ mark) NH4NO3

(ii) (½ mark) PCl5

Write the formula of the following compounds on the line to the right.

(i) (½ mark) Dinitrogen monoxide ______________

(ii) (½ mark) Aluminum sulfide ______________

(d) (1 mark) Explain briefly why members of group 17 (halogens) of the periodic table exhibit
similar chemical properties

(e) (2 marks) Balance the following precipitation (reaction) equations by placing coefficients
on the lines provided. Circle the products that forms precipitates.

(i) _____CaCl2(aq) + _____AgNO3(aq) _____ Ca(NO3)2 + ____AgCl

(ii) _____KOH(aq) + _____ FeCl3(aq) KCl + _____Fe(OH)3

(f) (1 mark) Name the type of intermolecular force that is responsible for the attraction
between an ‘ion’ and a ‘polar molecule’?

Page 4 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 2 (continued):
(g) (2 marks) Draw the Lewis structure for Cl2O molecule in the space below.

(h) (2 mark) Indicate whether copper is oxidised or reduced in the following reaction.
CuO(s) + H2(g) Cu(s) + H2O(l) oxidized / reduced (circle one)
Justify your answer

(i) (1 mark) Define the term ‘vapour pressure’.

(j) (1 mark) A polar covalent bond would form in one of the following pairs of atoms? (Circle
the correct choice).

Cl — Cl Si — Si Ca — Cl Cr — Br P — Cl

Justify your choice.

Page 5 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 3: (20 marks TOTAL)
(a) Compound M is shown right,

(i) (1 mark) Compound M is classified as:

saturated / unsaturated (Circle one.)
Justify your choice.

(ii) (1 marks) The two oxygen containing functional groups in compound M are:
_______________ and _____________
(iii) (1½ marks) Complete the molecular formula for compound M.
C____H____O____
(iv) (1½ marks) Draw Compound M as a line structure.

(b) (6 marks) Consider the structures below:

A B C D E F O
CH3CH=CH2 CH3CH2Cl (CH3)3COH (CH3)3N CH3CCH3

G O H I J K L
CH3CH NH2CH3 CH3CH2OH

Give, in the space provided, the letter of one compound which:

(i) is an aldehyde _________
(ii) is an amide _________
(iii) is an alkyne _________
(iv) is a tertiary alcohol _________
(v) is aromatic _________
(vi) is a hydrocarbon _________
(vii) can be oxidised by PCC _________
(viii) can be formed from compound C via a substitution reaction? _________
(ix) Which two compounds from the grid can react to give compound I? _____ and _____

(x) Which of the following compounds from the D/E/G/K

grid can form hydrogen bonds? (circle as appropriate)

Page 6 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 3 (continued):
(c) The following questions refer to the reaction scheme below.

(i) (4 marks) Complete the reaction scheme by filling in the missing reagents and
products.

(ii) (1 mark) The reaction that produces 3 produces a second brominated product (3b).
Draw the structure of this product in the box provided.

(iii) (½ mark) The reaction going from compound 2 to compound 3 is a

substitution / elimination / addition

(circle one)

(iv) (1 mark) Complete, to the right, the three dimensional C

representation for one enantiomer of compound 1. H

(d) The following questions refer to the reaction scheme below:

(i) (½ mark) On compound 5 (above) draw in the hydrogen that is eliminated to form
compound 6b.

(ii) (½ mark) On compound 5 (above) indicate the stereocentre with an asterisk (*).

(iii) (½ mark) Which compound(s) in the scheme above can exist as E/Z isomers?

(iv) (½ mark) Compounds 6a and 6b are ___________________isomers of each other.

(v) (½ marks) Give the systematic name for compound 6b _____________________

Page 7 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 4 (14 marks in Total)
(a) In 1950s pentaborane-9, B5H9 was considered as a potential rocket fuel. It is a highly
reactive liquid that will burst into flame or even explode when exposed to oxygen. The
reaction is

2B5H9 (l) + 12O2(g) → 5B2O3 (s) + 9H2O(g)

(i) (1 mark) Show that the molar mass of pentaborane-9, B5H9 is 63.122 g mol-1.

(ii) (1 mark) Calculate the amount in moles of pentaborane -9, B5H9 in 1.252 kg.

(iii) (2 marks) Calculate the mass in kg of H2O produced in this reaction.

(b) Urea , (NH2)2CO is produced by reacting ammonia with carbon dioxide as shown by the
following equation.

2NH3(g) + CO2 (g) → (NH2)2CO(aq) + H2O(l)

(i) (2 marks) In one process 637.2 g of NH3 are treated with 1142 g of CO2. Which of
the two reactants is the limiting reagent? M(NH3) =17.03 g mol-1, M(CO2) = 44.01
g mol-1. Show your working.

(ii) (2 marks) Calculate the mass of (NH2)2CO produced in this reaction.

M((NH2)2CO) = 60.06 g mol-1

(iii) (2 marks) Calculate the mass of excess reagent left at the end of the reaction.

Page 8 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 4 (continued):
(c) Acidity of Coca Cola is due to the presence of phosphoric acid, H3PO4. This reacts with
sodium hydroxide as shown below.

H3PO4(aq) + 3NaOH(aq)  Na3PO4(aq) + 3H2O(l)

Content of a 330 mL Coca Cola can is titrated with 0.338 mol L-1 sodium hydroxide. It
required 23.25 mL of NaOH for the complete neutralization.

(i) (1 mark) Calculate the amount in moles of NaOH used in the titration.

(ii) (2 marks) Calculate the amount in moles of H3PO4 in a can of Coca Cola.

(iii) (1 mark) Calculate the concentration of H3PO4 in a can of Coca Cola.

Page 9 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 5 (13 marks in Total)

(a) Diborane, B2H6 was once considered as a possible rocket fuel for the space program.
B2H6 is synthesised as given by the following equation.

2B(s) + 3H2(g) → B2H6(g)

(i) (3 marks) Calculate the enthalpy change for the above reaction using the information
given below.

4B(s) + 3O2(g) → 2B2O3(s) H° = -2546 kJ

H2(g) + ½ O2(g) → H2O(g) H° = -286 kJ

B2H6(g) + 3O2(g) → B2O3(s) + 3H2O(g) H° = -2035 kJ

(ii) (1 mark) If the B2H6 synthesis is carried out in a calorimeter would the temperature
of the calorimeter stays the same, increase or decrease?

Justify your answer

(b) (2 marks) If 24.1 kJ is supplied to warm a piece of aluminium with a mass of 250 g from
an initial temperature of 25°C what would be the final temperature of the aluminium? The
specific heat capacity of aluminium is 0.902 J g-1 °C-1.

Page 10 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 5 (continued):

(c) The reaction

4NO2(g) + O2 (aq) → 2N2O5(g)

was studied with the following results:

Experiment [NO2] / mol L-1 [O2] / mol L-1 Initial Rate/ mol L-1s-1
1 0.05 0.100 1.36 × 10-3
2 0.05 0.200 2.72 × 10-3
3 0.100 0.100 5.44 × 10-3
 (i) (1 mark) Determine the order with respect to NO2. Justify your answer.

(ii) (1 mark) Determine the order with respect to O2. Justify your answer.

(iii) (1 mark) Write the rate law for this reaction. __________________

(iv) (2 marks) Using experiment 2, calculate the rate constant for this reaction. Give the
units of the rate constant.

(d) The rate law for the reaction, 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) → 2NOCl(g)

is given by, rate = [NO][Cl2].

(i) (½ mark) What is the order of the reaction? _______

A mechanism involving following steps has been proposed for the reaction.

NO(g) + Cl2(g) → NOCl2(g) Step 1

NOCl2(g) + NO(g) → 2NOCl(g) Step 2

(ii) (1 mark) If this mechanism is correct, what does it imply about the relative rates of
these two steps?

(iii) ( ½ mark)Which species is the intermediate in this mechanism ________

Page 11 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 6: (11 marks TOTAL)
(a) (2 marks) Which of the following statements must be TRUE regarding a reaction that is at
equilibrium? (there may be more than one correct answer). Give reasoning behind the true
choice(s).
(i) The rate constant, kf, for the forward reaction is equal to the rate constant, kr, for the
reverse reaction
(ii) The concentrations of the reactants are equal to each other
(iii) The concentration of reactants is equal to the concentration of the products
(iv) The forward reaction and the reverse reaction are occurring at the same rate
(v) All reactions have stopped
(vi) The concentrations of the reactants and products do not change over time

(b) (1 mark) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant for the following reaction.

N2O4(g) + O3(g) N2O5(s) + O2(g)

(c) (2 marks) Methanol, CH3OH, is finding use as a fuel additive. Describe the effect of each
of the following changes on the equilibrium mixture for the following reaction: Each part
is worth ½ marks.
2CH3OH(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) ∆H= -1450 kJ

(i) adding more CO2(g)

(ii) adding more O2(g)

(iii) increasing the volume of the container

(iv) increasing the temperature

Page 12 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 6 (continued):
(d) (2 marks) For the reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the equilibrium concentrations
are 0.25M CO2, 0.80M H2, and 0.50M H2O. What is the equilibrium concentration of CO(g).
Equilibrium constant for the reaction is K= 0.11
CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g)

(e) (1 mark) Which of the following combinations would increase the solubility of a gas in
liquid?
(i) decrease the pressure and decrease the temperature
(ii) decrease the pressure and increase the temperature
(iii) increase the pressure and decrease the temperature
(iv) increase the pressure and increase the temperature ____________
Justify your answer

(f) (1½ marks) Consider Ag3PO4, a slightly soluble salt in water. Each part is worth ½ marks.
(i) Write the balanced chemical equation describing the dissolving of Ag3PO4(s) in water.

(ii) Write the equilibrium constant (Ks) for this reaction.

(iii) Ks for silver phosphate is 1.8 × 10-18. Will Ag3PO4 precipitate from a mixture having
Qs equal to 10-16?
(iv)

(g) (1½ marks) Which of the following compounds is expected to have the greatest solubility
in water?
(i) 1-Hexanol: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
(ii) 1-Decanol: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
(iii) 1,6-Hexanediol: OH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH

Justify your answer.

Page 13 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 7: (12 marks TOTAL)
(a) (2 marks) Complete the table below to show the conjugate acid-base pairs.

Conjugate acid Conjugate base

H2PO4-
IO3-
ClO3-
CH3NH3+

(b) (1 mark) Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a weak acid. Complete the equation below to show
the reaction of hypochlorous acid with water
HOCl + H2O __________ + ___________

(c) (1 mark) Give the reason(s) why a solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is basic. Include
an appropriate chemical equation in your answer.

(d) (2 marks) A beaker contains nitric acid (HNO3) solution with a pH of 1.58. Calculate the
concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) and the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in
this solution.

(e) (1 mark) Why does the addition of a small volume of dilute HCl(aq) to a mixture of aqueous
solutions of CH3COOH and NaCH3COO have little effect on the pH?

(f) (2 marks) Consider the following oxidation-reduction reaction:

CuSO4(aq) + Mg(s) MgSO4(s) + Cu(s)
(i) Identify which element is oxidized and which is reduced.

(ii) Assign oxidation states to sulfur and copper in CuSO4

Page 14 of 16
Question/Answer Booklet CHEM 150
ID: ______________________
QUESTION 7 (continued):
(g) The table below gives some standard electrode potentials (Eo) that may be used in the
questions that follow.
Reduction half equation Eo/V
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) +0.34
2H+(aq) + 2e- H2(g) 0.00
Mg2+(aq) + 2e- Mg(s) -2.37
Ni2+(aq) + 2e- Ni(s) -0.25

(i) (1 mark) Identify the species from the table that is the strongest reductant (reducing
agent).

(ii) (1 mark) The following electrochemical cell is required:

Mg(s)/Mg2+(aq) // Cu2+(aq)/Cu(s).
The salt bridge contains potassium chloride. Label the diagram below to show how
such a cell could be constructed.

(iii) (½ mark) Write the net ionic equation for the overall cell reaction.

(iv) (½ mark) Calculate the voltage of the cell under standard conditions.

Page 15 of 16
 PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

ATTACHMENT
Atomic Number 1
H
1 1.008 Molar mass / g mol-1 18
1 2
H He
1.008 2 13 14 15 16 17 4.00
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.94 9.01 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.09 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3
55 56 57-71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0
87 88 89-103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut Fl Uup Lv Uus Uuo

CHEM 150
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
138.9 149.1 140.9 144.2 150.4 152.0 157.3 159.0 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.0 231.0 238.0

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