LAB Manual #5

Aim:
Simulate and Study Bridge-wave Rectifier using Multitism or Proteous.

Apparatus:
Transformer NLT_PQ_4_12
Oscilloscope XSC1
Resistor 2k
Diode virtual
Voltage source

Theory:
The process of converting an alternating voltage and current to a unidirectional voltage
and current is called rectification. A diode offers a very low resistance when forward
biased and very high resistance when reverse biased. Hence it can be used as a rectifier.
The rectified output is a pulsating unidirectional voltage/ current. A filter is necessary after
rectifier to convert pulsating waveform to dc.

Bridge rectifier:
This circuit does not require center-tap transformer. During this positive half cycle diodes
D1 and D2 are forward biased and D3 and D4 are reverse biased. Thus, current flows in
the circuit due to D1 and D2. During the positive half cycle diodes D1 and D2 are diodes
D1 and D2 are forward biased and D3 and D4 are reverse biased. Thus, current flows in
the circuit due to D1 and D2. During the negative half cycle diodes D3 and D4 are forward
biased and D1 and D2 are Reverse biased which result in a current in the same direction.
Thus, the current flows for the whole cycle across the load in one direction resulting in full
wave rectification. Since bridge rectifier does not require center tapped transformer its cost
weight and size are lesser compared to a full wave rectifier Diode with laser PIV can be
used in abridge rectifier Compared to full wave rectifier.

Full wave rectifier:

The full wave rectifier consists of a center tapped transformer which results in equal
voltage above and below the center tab during the positive half cycle first voltage appears
at the or not of D1 while negative voltage at the anode of D2 diode D1 is forward biased
and IT results in current thrown load during negative half cycle the positive voltage
appears at the knot of the two and hence it is forward biased resulting in current throw
load at the same instant a negative voltage appears at the anode of the one does reverse
biasing it and hence D1 does not conduct the current through the load during both of
cycles is in the same direction and it is sum of individual currents the individual currents
and voltages are combined in the lot and their for their average values are double that
obtained in a half wave rectifier in full wave rectifier ripple is reduced efficiency is
improve and as equal current flows through secondary during both the half cycle ko does
not saturate the memories of full wave rectifier output voltage is half the secondary
voltage and earth with high PIV ratings are required.

Half wave rectifier:

During positive half cycle the diode is forward biased and current flows through the load
resistor during negative of cycle it is reverse biased, and it is equivalent to open circuit
therefore current through the load is zero does the diode conducts only for one of cycles
and results in half wave rectifier output half wave rectifier is simple and low-cost circuit,
but it has very high triple low efficiency.

Circuit Diagrams:
Procedure:
 Complete the circuit for bridge rectifier.
 Connect the CRO across the load.
 Switch on the supply.
 Keep the CRO in ground mode and switch the CRO to DC mode.
 Observe the bridge rectifier output voltage.

THE END