AN ASSIGNMENT ON

ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE

ENERGY RESOURCES-
SCOPES AND PROSPECTS IN
BANGLADESH

NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY

Course: Introduction to Environmental Science
Course code: ENV107
Section: 13
Submitted to:
Professor Dr Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman (Mfz)
Submitted by: Namira Rahman
Id: 2011186030
Date of submission: 02/06/2020

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 Table of Contents
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................3
2. Renewable energy sources in Bangladesh.......................................................................................4
3. Types of Energy.................................................................................................................................5

❖ Solar
Energy.............................................................................................................................
.4

❖ Biomass Energy.........................................................................................
❖ Biogas Energy.............................................................................................................................

❖ Hydropower Energy...................................................................................................................

❖ Geothermal Energy....................................................................................................................

4. Renewable energy prospects in Bangladesh.....................................................................................4

❖ Solar
Energy..............................................................................................................................4

❖ Biomass
Energy.........................................................................................................................4

❖ Hydropower
Energy..................................................................................................................4

❖ Biogas
Energy.............................................................................................................................4

5. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................

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  RENEWABLE AND ATERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES

Renewable energy is energy that is obtained from renewable resources, which are
naturally suitable on human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat. Alternative Energy refers to energy sources other than fossil fuels. This

includes all renewable sources and nuclear.

Figure- Percentage of Renewables used in electricity generation

Bangladesh is a developing country which offers many options many opportunities for utilizing
renewable energy sources for generating electric power.

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 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN BANGLADESH

Being the eighth most populated nation on the world, Bangladesh is one of the most power
denied countries with an absolute electricity generation of just 5000 MW. Natural gas (24%) is
the main source of energy in Bangladesh which is likely to be depleted by the year 2022.

Figure- Bangladesh Energy Situation

33% of the power creation of Bangladesh relies upon costly imported fossil fuel energy
resources and 65% of power generation relies on a natural gas reserve of the country. The
government has set an objective to produce 2000, MW of electrical power from
renewable energy by 2023.
Figure- The prospect of Renewable energy resources in Bangladesh

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 TYPES OF ENERGY

1. SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant
renewable energy source accessible. Solar technologies utilize this energy for a
variety of uses, including producing electricity, providing light or a comfortable
interior environment, and heating water for domestic, commercial or industrial use.

Figure- Uses of Solar Energy

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2. BIOMASS ENERGY
Biomass energy is the utilization of organic material to produce energy. Biomass is
simply organic matter- think, stuff that is made in nature – like wood pellets, grass
clippings and even waste. As Bangladesh is an agriculture country, biomass is one of
the likely renewable energy sources in here.

Figure – Biomass sources and the cycle of biomass energy

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3. BIOGAS ENERGY
Biogas Energy gives anaerobic digestion design, development and project
management services to produce clean, renewable energy and fuel from cow manure,
pig manure, food waste and more. Bangladesh first biogas was built in 1972. 6000
biogas plants in Bangladesh have finished until now.

Figure- Biogas Plant

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4.HYDROPOWER ENERGY

The transformation of energy from streaming water into power is refers to as

hydropower or hydroelectricity. The only hydroelectricity generation
project in Bangladesh was constructed in 1955 in Kaptai, Rangamati.

Figure- Hydroplant or Hydroelectricity Generation

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4. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Geothermal Energy is the heat that originates from the sub-surface of the earth.
Beneath the earth’s crust it is it is contained in the rocks and fluids and can be found
as far down to the earth’s hot liquid rock, magma. The most affordable energy in
Bangladesh is Geothermal Energy than any other renewable energy.

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 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROSPECTS IN BANGLADESH

SOLAR ENERGY

Bangladesh has an opportunity of broadening the power grid by using solar energy.
There is a good amount of solar energy in Bangladesh which is very nearly 4 to 7
kWh/m2/day which is sufficient to meet the demand. Industrial rooftops hold vast
potential in Bangladesh and utilizing rooftops of industries 1000 MW of power can
easily be produced. Presently just 216.75 MW of power in the country comes from
solar energy which is 48.1% of the entire renewable energy production capacity of the
country.

Figure- Geothermal Power Plant

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 BIOMASS ENERGY

In Bangladesh Biomass is the most important energy source which accounts 70% of
the total final energy consumption. Bangladesh has a lot of biomass resources

Figure- Future prospect of Solar Energy in Bangladesh

which can cover about 55% of the total energy that are required for our country.
There are about 5000 poultry farms in Bangladesh which produces huge amount of
poultry waste every day. The recuperation factor for animals wastes and poultry dung
are found about 60% and 50% respectively and recoverable animals waste and

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 Figure- Number of Livestock and Poultry in Bangladesh

poultry dung is about 20.619 MT. There is an immense scope of energy utilizing from
municipal solid wastes. Solid wastes like – kitchen scraps, paper, lawn clipping etc
are manufacturing by people. Number of farms are increasing which will produce
vast amount of animal wastes. Among the total energy consumption in Bangladesh,
biomass contributes approximately 70%.to generate electricity, with a proper
planning. Bangladesh government is also considering this scope with significant
importance. Under Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries
and Livestock has taken a plan to grow and properly to utilize this scope, titled,
“Livestock and Poultry Research, Development and Extension Plan-2021’’ . Another
biomass source is vast production of wood and bamboo.

Figure- Estimated wood and bamboo production in Bangladesh till 2020

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 HYDROPOWER ENERGY

In Bangladesh, the dam at Kaptaimukh, based on the river Karnafuli in the

Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), is the main hydro- electric force project in Bangladesh.
Currently, there are 5 units and the entire generation capacity has expanded to 230
MW. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) wants to develop their
assistance by offering financial and technological support to set up two new units,
having generation capacity of 40 MW each. There are bunch of canals, tributaries of
Main River like Karnafuli, Shangu, Matamuhuri also tiny waterfalls having great
possibilities for setting up mini/micro hydropower unit in Chittagong Hill Tracts
(CHT) region.

Figure- Daily flow, monthly flow release from Kaptai Reservoir

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Figure- Kaptai Dam

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 BIOGAS ENERGY

With the aim of utilizing biogas appropriately and diminishing energy loss,
Bangladesh opened the first biogas-based cooking plant in 1975, however the project
only geared up in late 1990s. The Bangladesh government is giving subsidies to set
up 44,000 biogas plants through the infrastructure Development Company Limited
(IDCOL), which gives clean energy to around 200,000 people. Biogas produced from
animal wastes can be one of the promising renewable energy resources for
Bangladesh. It is observed that cow dun has the most potential of producing biogas.
For the moment poultry base biogas plant has significant effect on entire biogas
generation since poultry sector supplies the vast of the countries protein demand.

Figure- Year wise Cumulative installation of Biogas Plants in Bangladesh

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 Figure- Biogas Energy

CONCLUSION

The government has already made an attempt to get the better of the power crisis
problem in Bangladesh. Solar energy is one of the emerging renewable energy sector
in Bangladesh. It has to be given more importance now as it is thought to meet the
growing demand of the energy and power of the country's increasing population. To
meet our demand other renewable energy plays an important role. Bangladesh can
generate electricity may able to meet the expected power demand in the future with
the help of these resources. To solve the power crisis in Bangladesh, the private sector
should work hand in hand to highlight more on renewable energy sources to produce
more electricity.

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 REFERENCE:-

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
294721198_Present_Scenario_and_Future_Prospect_of_Renewable_Energy_in_Banglades
h

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610219313104

http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ep.20180801.01.html

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