CHAPTER 04

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 OVERVIEW
In this chapter we will talking about system configuration and experimental result, we present the
experimental evaluations of our proposed methods. Evaluating the performance of machine
learning models on corn leaf images.

4.2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

The training of the study has been done offline on windows machine with Intel(R) Core (TM) i5-
6500 CPU @ 3.20GHz, 3.20GHz, 24GB memory and a GeForce GTX 1070 Ti GPU.
Table show all dependencies used in proposed work
Package Name Use
OS OS provide us all functionality related to operating system e.g
copy, delete etc.
tflite A Flutter plugin for accessing TensorFlow Lite API. Supports
image classification, object detection (SSD and YOLO), Pix2Pix
and Deeplab and PoseNet on both iOS and Android.
Numpy (np) NumPy is a Python library used for working with arrays. It also
has functions for working in domain of linear algebra, Fourier
transform, and matrices.

Sklearn Scikit-learn is a free software machine learning library for the

Python programming language. It features various classification,
regression, and clustering algorithms
Skimage Scikit-image, or skimage, is an open-source Python package
designed for image preprocessing
Matplotlib Matplotlib is a comprehensive library for creating static,
animated, and interactive visualizations in Python.

Table 4. 1 This table show all dependencies used in this work

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 Name Configuration

OS Window

Coding Python

Implementation Environment Sckit-learn

Table 4. 2 Parameter for implementation

4.3 DATASET DESCRIPTION

Figure 4.1 Samples of Skin cancer

This dataset was uploaded on website (Kaggle) which is hub of data for machine learning
models. This data set have two categories which are arrange as:
0) Benign
1) Malignant

It contains 2468 images which were categories accordingly Benign (1306) and Malignant (1162).

4.4 RESULTS AND MODEL EVALUATION

i. LEARNING CURVES

The main objective of our proposed architecture is to show that the pipeline we assembled, will
maximize classification accuracy, and minimize any loss of corn leaf disease classification. To
assess the performance of the models and as a design guide for opting a backbone, we compared

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the model accuracy of the KNN, SVM, Naïve Bayes and Random Forest model backbones on corn
leaf images dataset and overall accuracy in this work.
Learning curves of KNN, SVM, Naïve Bayes and Random Forest for our proposed work are given
below.

Figure 4.2 Learning curves of KNN Figure 4.3 Learning curves of SVM

Figure 4.4 Learning curves of Naïve Bayes Figure 4.5 Learning curves of Random Forest

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 ii. CONFUSION MATRIX

A confusion matrix is a table that is often used to describe the performance of a classification
model (or "classifier") on a set of test data for which the true values are known.

The basics term of the confusion matrix is given:

• True positives (TP): These are cases in which we predicted yes (they have the
disease), and they do have the disease.
• True negatives (TN): We predicted no, and they don't have the disease.
• False positives (FP): We predicted yes, but they don't have the disease.
• False negatives (FN): We predicted no, but they do have the disease.

Figure 4.6 Naïve Bayes Figure 4.7 KNN Confusion matrix

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 Figure 4.8 SVM Confusion matrix Figure 4.9 Random Forest Confusion matrix

In table 4.3 below shows the training and validation accuracy results of proposed framework
overall accuracy on 20 epochs. The table below shows performance of different machine
learning model on ultrasound images dataset in our work.

Model Accuracy
K-Nearest Neighbor 73
Support vector machine 79%
Naïve Bayes 71%
Random Forest 81%
Table 4.3 Model Accuracy Table

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