Anatomy Primaries

Medial muscles of the thigh:
a. Are the medial muscles of the thigh supplied by the obturator artery? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the medial muscles of the thigh are
predominantly supplied by the obturator artery.
b. Are the myotomes for all muscles in this compartment L4-L5? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the myotomes for the medial muscles of the
thigh vary, with the obturator nerve (which supplies most of these muscles) arising
from L2-L4.
c. Do the medial muscles of the thigh mainly cause flexion of the hip? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the medial muscles of the thigh (also known as
the adductor muscles) mainly cause adduction of the hip, with some contributing to
medial rotation and/or flexion.
d. Does the medial intermuscular septum attach to the fascia lata? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the medial intermuscular septum is a thickening
of the fascia lata that separates the medial compartment of the thigh from the
anterior and posterior compartments.
Adductor canal:
a. Does the femoral artery always lie between the saphenous nerve and the femoral
vein in the adductor canal? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the femoral artery is the most anterior
structure in the adductor canal, with the saphenous nerve and femoral vein lying
posterior and medial to it, respectively.
b. Does the femoral vein lie medial to the femoral artery at the adductor hiatus? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the femoral vein passes through the adductor
hiatus (an opening in the adductor magnus muscle) lateral to the femoral artery.
c. Is the roof of the adductor canal partly formed by the gracilis muscle? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the roof of the adductor canal is formed by the
sartorius muscle anteriorly and the adductor longus and magnus muscles posteriorly,
with the gracilis muscle contributing to the medial wall.
d. Is there something wrong with the statement regarding the adductor longus
muscle? $
The statement regarding the adductor longus muscle is missing, so it cannot be
determined whether it is correct or incorrect.
Trachea:
a. Is the trachea a fibrocartilaginous tube? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the trachea is a tube composed of fibrous and
hyaline cartilages that are connected by elastic ligaments and smooth muscle.
b. Is the diameter of the trachea 1.5 cm? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the diameter of the trachea is about 2-2.5 cm
in adults.
c. Does the trachea extend from the epiglottis to the right and left bronchi? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the trachea extends from the inferior border of
the cricoid cartilage to the point where it divides into the right and left main
bronchi.
Relations:
a. Does the right vagus nerve pass behind the root of the right lung? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the right vagus nerve descends behind the root
of the right lung, giving off branches to the lung and esophagus.
b. Does the left vagus nerve pass behind the root of the left lung? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the left vagus nerve passes anterior to the
root of the left lung, giving off branches to the lung and esophagus.
c. Does the left phrenic nerve cross posterior to the arch of the aorta? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the left phrenic nerve descends on the anterior
surface of the left scalene muscle, crosses the subclavian artery, and passes
posterior to the arch of the aorta.
d. Does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve run in the groove between the trachea
and esophagus? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around
the arch of the aorta and ascends in the groove between the trachea and esophagus
to reach the larynx.
Lymphatics of the arm:

a. Do the superficial lymphatics of the arm run with arteries? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the superficial lymphatics of the arm accompany
the veins and arteries, and drain into the axillary lymph nodes.
b. Do the deep lymphatics of the arm run with veins? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the deep lymphatics of the arm follow the course
of the deep veins, and drain into the lymph nodes located around the axillary vein.
c. Do the lymphatics of the arm not run with vessels at all? $

False. Both the superficial and deep lymphatics of the arm run with the
corresponding veins and arteries.
d. Does drainage from the thumb go to the lateral humeral lymph node? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the lymphatic drainage from the thumb and
lateral side of the hand goes to the deltopectoral lymph nodes, located near the
clavicle. The lateral humeral lymph nodes receive drainage from the lateral aspect
of the arm.
42a. Is the anterior fontanelle formed by two frontal and two parietal bones? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the anterior fontanelle is a soft spot on the
skull of a newborn baby that is formed by the intersection of the two frontal bones
and the two parietal bones.
Sympathetic trunk:
a. Does the sympathetic trunk arise from the base of the skull to T12? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the sympathetic trunk extends from the base of
the skull to the coccyx, with ganglia located at each vertebral level.
b. Are the pre-synaptic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system located in
the ganglia? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the pre-synaptic cell bodies of the sympathetic
nervous system are located in the lateral horns of the spinal cord.
c. Does the white ramus communicans run from C1 to C7? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the white ramus communicans runs from T1 to L2.
d. Do the gray rami communicantes run from T1 to L5? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the gray rami communicantes are small branches
that connect the sympathetic trunk ganglia to the spinal nerves at all levels from
T1 to L5.
e. Does the inferior cervical/thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk pass to the
stellate ganglion? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the inferior cervical ganglion is fused with the
first thoracic ganglion to form the stellate ganglion.
Parasympathetic system:
a. Does the parasympathetic system supply the viscera, trunk, and limbs? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the parasympathetic system supplies the viscera
of the thorax and abdomen, as well as the head and neck.
b. Does the parasympathetic system innervate the adrenal glands? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the adrenal glands are innervated by
sympathetic fibers.
c. Does the parasympathetic system only have two cell bodies in the CNS? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the parasympathetic system has two neurons in
its pathway, but there are multiple cell bodies involved.
d. Is it essentially true that the parasympathetic system has no fibers? $

False. This statement is unclear and does not make sense.
e. Do the pre- and post-synaptic fibers of the vagus nerve run to the parotid
ganglion? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the pre- and post-synaptic fibers of the vagus
nerve run to the otic ganglion, which supplies the parotid gland.
Regarding joints:
a. Do joints that permit gliding or sliding movements exist? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, joints that permit gliding or sliding movements
are called plane joints, and they allow bones to move past each other in any
direction.
b. Are pivotal joints multi-axial? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, pivotal joints (e.g. the elbow joint) are
uniaxial, meaning they move around one axis only.
c. Are hinge joints multi-axial? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, hinge joints (e.g. the knee joint) are
uniaxial, meaning they move around one axis only.
d. Is the surface of a joint concave? The stem is unclear.
Regarding pectoralis major:

Is it a powerful lateral rotator? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the pectoralis major is a powerful adductor of
the arm, but not a lateral rotator.
Regarding serratus anterior:

a. Does it arise from six fleshy slips? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the serratus anterior muscle arises from the
upper eight or nine ribs as six fleshy slips.
b. Is it supplied by the dorsal scapular nerve? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the
long thoracic nerve.
c. Does it protract the scapula? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the serratus anterior muscle protracts and
stabilizes the scapula.
Regarding the brachial artery:
Does it start at the inferior border of teres major? The stem is unclear.
Foot:
a. Does the neurovascular bundle run between the second and third layers of the
foot? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the neurovascular bundle (consisting of the
tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, and posterior tibial vein) runs between the
second and third layers of the foot.
b. Does the medial plantar artery form the deep plantar arch? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the medial plantar artery and the lateral
plantar artery form the deep plantar arch of the foot.
c. Does the S1 segment supply all the foot muscles? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the S1 segment of the spinal cord supplies the
intrinsic muscles of the foot, but other segments (e.g. L5) also contribute to the
innervation of foot muscles.
Saphenous vein:
a. Does the saphenous vein lie behind the medial malleolus? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the saphenous vein is a superficial vein that
runs anterior to the medial malleolus.
b. Does the saphenous vein not communicate with the deep veins above the knee? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the saphenous vein communicates with the
femoral vein through the femoral canal and also communicates with the deep veins of
the leg through perforating veins.
c. Does the saphenous vein have no valves? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the saphenous vein has numerous valves,
especially in its upper part.
d. Does the saphenous vein empty into the femoral vein laterally? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the saphenous vein empties into the femoral
vein medially.
e. Does the saphenous vein insert into the femoral vein 3.75cm lateral and superior
to the pubic tubercle? $
False. The exact point of insertion of the saphenous vein into the femoral vein may
vary, but it generally occurs at or near the saphenofemoral junction, which is
about 1-2 cm lateral to the pubic tubercle.
Infant skull:
a. Is the anterior fontanelle composed of frontal, parietal, and temporal bones? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the anterior fontanelle is formed by the
junction of the two frontal bones and the two parietal bones.
b. Is the posterior fontanelle composed of occipital, parietal, and temporal bones?

$
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the posterior fontanelle is formed by the
junction of the two parietal bones and the occipital bone.
c. Are paranasal sinuses present at birth but small? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the paranasal sinuses are absent at birth and
begin to develop around 3-4 years of age.
d. Have the bones of the skull ossified by birth? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the bones of the skull are not fully ossified
at birth and continue to develop and fuse throughout childhood.
Age changes in the face of a child:

a. Is most of the vertical growth of the face attributed to the
sternocleidomastoids pulling on the bone? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, most of the vertical growth of the face is due
to the growth of the maxilla and mandible.
b. Is most of the growth of the vertical face in the maxillary sinus? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the maxillary sinus is involved in the growth
of the midface, but most of the growth of the vertical face is due to the growth of
the maxilla and mandible.
c. Is the mandible fused by around 3 years? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the mandible is not fully fused until around
18-20 years of age.
d. The stem is incomplete.
e. Are the face and cranial vault similar in proportions to that of an adult? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the face and cranial vault are different in
proportions in a child compared to an adult, with the face growing more than the
cranial vault.Teeth:
a. Do nerve and vessels go through the apical foramen of teeth? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the nerve and blood supply to teeth enter
through the apical foramen at the tip of the root.
b. Do deciduous teeth erupt between 6 months and 3 years? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the deciduous (baby) teeth usually begin to
erupt between 6 months and 3 years of age.
c. Is the crown of a tooth covered by cement? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the crown of a tooth is covered by enamel,
while the root is covered by cementum.
d. The stem is incomplete.
Avulsed greater tubercle of humerus:

a. Does an avulsed greater tubercle of the humerus lead to inability of lateral
rotation and abduction? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the greater tubercle of the humerus is an
attachment site for several muscles that contribute to lateral rotation and
abduction of the arm. Avulsion of the greater tubercle can result in weakness or
loss of these movements.
Movements of scapula:
a. Does the serratus anterior muscle contribute to protraction of the scapula? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the serratus anterior muscle protracts and
rotates the scapula, helping to move the arm forward and upward.
b. Do the rhomboid muscles contribute to depression of the scapula? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the rhomboid muscles retract and elevate the
scapula, pulling it toward the midline of the body.
c. Does the pec major muscle contribute to protraction of the scapula? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the pec major muscle adducts and medially
rotates the arm, but does not directly contribute to scapular movements.
d. Do the superior fibers of the trapezius muscle contribute to retraction of the
scapula? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the superior fibers of the trapezius muscle
elevate and retract the scapula, pulling it toward the midline of the body.
Axilla:
a. Does the axillary vein lie lateral to nerves of the brachial plexus? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the axillary vein lies medial to the nerves of
the brachial plexus.
b. Is the axillary vein not in a sheath? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the axillary vein is enclosed in a sheath with
the brachial plexus and the axillary artery.
c. Do the anterior and posterior walls of the axilla converge laterally at the
intertubercular groove of the humerus? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the anterior and posterior walls of the axilla
converge laterally at the surgical neck of the humerus, not the intertubercular
groove.
Brachial plexus:
a. Does the thoracodorsal nerve come off the roots of C5, C6, and C7? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the thoracodorsal nerve arises from the
posterior cord of the brachial plexus, which receives fibers from the anterior
divisions of the lower three cervical nerves (C6, C7, and C8).
b. Does the long thoracic nerve come off roots of C5, C6, and C7? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the long thoracic nerve arises from the
posterior divisions of the upper three cervical nerves (C5, C6, and C7).
c. Does the dorsal scapular nerve come from the C5 root? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the dorsal scapular nerve arises from the fifth
cervical nerve root.
d. Does the nerve to the subclavius come from C5 and C6? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the nerve to the subclavius arises from the
fifth and sixth cervical nerve roots.
Tibial collateral ligament:

a. Is the tibial collateral ligament a cord-like structure attaching to the medial
condyle? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the tibial collateral ligament is a broad, flat
band that attaches to the medial epicondyle of the femur and the proximal part of
the tibia.
b. Does the pes anserinus arise deep to the tibial collateral ligament, separated
from it by the popliteus bursa? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the pes anserinus is a tendinous insertion of
three muscles (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus) that lies deep to the
tibial collateral ligament, separated from it by the popliteus bursa.
c. Does the tibial collateral ligament blend in with the capsule of
5a. Is pain referred to the lateral arm with injury to the disc between C5/C6? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, a disc bulge or herniation between the C5 and C6
vertebrae can cause pain that radiates to the lateral aspect of the upper arm.
5b. Is pain referred to the lateral forearm and thumb with injury to the disc
between C5/C6? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, pain that radiates to the lateral forearm and
thumb is more commonly associated with a disc bulge or herniation between the C6
and C7 vertebrae.
5c. Is pain referred to the medial arm with injury to the disc between C5/C6? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, pain that radiates to the medial aspect of the
upper arm is more commonly associated with a disc bulge or herniation between the
C7 and T1 vertebrae.
5d. Is pain referred to the index finger and forearm with injury to the disc
between C5/C6? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, pain that radiates to the index finger and
forearm is more commonly associated with a disc bulge or herniation between the C6
and C7 vertebrae.
13a. Does the subtalar joint allow for inversion and eversion movements? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the subtalar joint is a synovial joint that
allows for inversion and eversion movements of the foot.
14a. Is the motor nucleus of CN V located in the medulla? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the motor nucleus of CN V is located in the
pons.
14b. Is the motor nucleus of CN V located in the pons? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the motor nucleus of CN V is located in the
pons.
15a. Is there no clear stem for this question? $

True. There is no clear stem for this question to be formulated.
16a. Is the trachea 1.5cm wide? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the trachea has a diameter of approximately 2-
2.5 cm.
16b. Does the trachea contain trachealis? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the trachealis muscle is a smooth muscle that
forms a partial ring around the posterior aspect of the trachea.
16c. Is the trachea a fibrocartilaginous tube? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the trachea is a tube composed of hyaline
cartilage and fibrous tissue.
16d. Does the trachea extend from the epiglottis to the right and left bronchi? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the trachea extends from the inferior end of the
larynx, where it is continuous with the cricoid cartilage, to the level of the
fifth thoracic vertebra, where it bifurcates into the left and right main bronchi.
16e. Is the brachiocephalic trunk located on the left of the trachea? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the brachiocephalic trunk is located on the
right side of the trachea and branches into the right subclavian and right common
carotid arteries.
17a. Is the superior mesenteric artery located 3 cm below the coeliac trunk? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery arises from the
abdominal aorta approximately 1 cm below the coeliac trunk.
17b. Does the superior mesenteric artery supply the gut from the point of entry of
the common bile duct to the splenic flexure? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery supplies the
small intestine and the ascending and transverse colon up to the splenic flexure.
18a. Does the tibialis anterior muscle invert and dorsiflex the foot/ankle? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the tibialis anterior muscle is responsible for
dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot at the ankle joint.
19a. Is the anterior cerebral artery the largest branch of the circle of Willis? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the largest branch of the circle of Willis is
the middle cerebral artery.
19b. Does the posterior communicating artery connect the posterior cerebral artery
and the middle cerebral artery? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the posterior communicating artery connects the
posterior cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery.
20a. Is abduction and lateral rotation lost if the greater tuberosity is removed
from the humerus? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the greater tuberosity of the humerus serves as
the attachment site for the rotator cuff muscles, including the supraspinatus
muscle, which is responsible for abduction and lateral rotation of the arm at the
shoulder joint.
21a. Is the length of the ureters 40 cm? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the length of each ureter is approximately 25
cm.
21b. Do the ureters pass close to the proximity of the vaginal fornix? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the ureters pass close to the proximity of the
vaginal fornix in females.
21c. Are the ureters innervated by L2 and L3? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the ureters are innervated by sympathetic fibers
from the renal plexus, which receives contributions from spinal cord segments T11-
L2.
21d. Does the ureter cross anterior to the vas deferens? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the ureter crosses anterior to the internal
iliac artery and posterior to the vas deferens in males.
21e. Is the ureter intraperitoneal? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the ureter is retroperitoneal, meaning it lies
outside of the peritoneal cavity.
22a. Is the ovarian artery a branch of the external iliac artery? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the ovarian artery is a branch of the abdominal
aorta.
23a. Does CSF provide cushioning for the brain? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, CSF provides cushioning for the brain by acting
as a shock absorber.
23b. Is 1000ml of CSF produced per day? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the volume of CSF in the adult human ranges
from 90 to 150 ml, and approximately 500 ml is produced per day.
23c. Is CSF produced by the brain? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, CSF is produced by the choroid plexus, which is
located in the ventricles of the brain.
23d. Is CSF absorbed by the choroid plexus? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, CSF is absorbed by the arachnoid villi, which
are protrusions of the arachnoid mater into the dural venous sinuses.
24a. Is the posterior longitudinal ligament pierced when performing an LP? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the posterior longitudinal ligament is not
pierced during a lumbar puncture (LP).
24b. Is the ligamentum flavum pierced when performing an LP? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the ligamentum flavum is pierced during a lumbar
puncture (LP).
24c. Is the interspinous ligament pierced when performing an LP? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the interspinous ligament is pierced during a
lumbar puncture (LP).
24d. Is the supraspinous ligament pierced when performing an LP? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the supraspinous ligament is not pierced during
a lumbar puncture (LP).
24e. Is the dura mater pierced when performing an LP? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the dura mater is pierced during a lumbar
puncture (LP) to access the subarachnoid space.
25a. Does lymphatic drainage of the posterior tongue drain directly to the
submandibular lymph nodes? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, lymphatic drainage of the posterior tongue
drains to the superior deep cervical lymph nodes.
26a. Is the pectinate line a watershed area with respect to lymphatic drainage of
the abdomen? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the pectinate line is a watershed area with
respect to lymphatic drainage of the abdomen, with lymphatic drainage above the
line draining to the thoracic duct and lymphatic drainage below the line draining
to the cisterna chyli.
26b. Is the skin of the abdomen involved in lymphatic drainage of the abdomen? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, lymphatic vessels from the skin of the abdomen
drain to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
26c. Does lymphatic drainage of the abdomen follow the venous drainage of viscera?
$
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, lymphatic drainage of the abdomen generally
follows the venous drainage of the viscera.
27a. Do scalp wounds gape due to the aponeurosis? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, scalp wounds tend to gape due to the tension
exerted by the galea aponeurotica, a broad fibrous layer that covers the scalp.
27b. Do scalp wounds cause massive bleeding due to the anastomosis? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, scalp wounds can cause profuse bleeding due to
the extensive anastomoses between the arterial branches supplying the scalp.
27c. Does the fourth layer (loose connective tissue) provide a good barrier for
infection in scalp wounds? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the fourth layer of the scalp, which consists
of loose connective tissue, provides a relatively poor barrier for infection.
27d. Do scalp wounds not gape due to something? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, scalp wounds tend to gape due to the tension
exerted by the galea aponeurotica.
28a. Does the dorsal scapular nerve (nerve to rhomboids) arise from C6? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the dorsal scapular nerve arises from the C5
nerve root.
28b. Does the dorsal scapular nerve supply the levator scapulae muscle? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the dorsal scapular nerve supplies the levator
scapulae muscle in addition to the rhomboid muscles.
28c. Does the dorsal scapular nerve pass between the scalenus medius muscle? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the dorsal scapular nerve passes deep to the
scalenus medius muscle.
28d. Is the dorsal scapular nerve at
28d. Is the dorsal scapular nerve at risk of damage due to its superficial course
through the rhomboid muscles? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the dorsal scapular nerve is at risk of damage
due to its deep course through the middle scalene muscle.
29a. Will damage to the ipsilateral cervical chain cause ptosis? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, damage to the cervical sympathetic chain can
cause ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid) on the affected side.
29b. Will damage to the ipsilateral cervical chain cause ipsilateral sweating? $
cause increased sweating (hyperhidrosis) on the affected side.
29c. Will damage to the ipsilateral cervical chain cause ipsilateral mydriasis? $
cause dilation (mydriasis) of the pupil on the affected side.
29d. Will damage to the ipsilateral cervical chain cause ipsilateral facial pallor?
$
cause pallor (blanching) of the skin on the affected side of the face.
29e. Will damage to the ipsilateral cervical chain affect the skeletal fibers of
the levator palpebrae superioris muscle? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the levator palpebrae superioris muscle is
innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III) and is not affected by damage to the
cervical sympathetic chain.
30a. Do the testes drain to the superficial inguinal nodes? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the testes drain to the deep inguinal nodes.
31a. Is the blood supply to the breast mainly from the lateral thoracic and
internal thoracic arteries? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the blood supply to the breast is mainly from
the lateral thoracic artery (a branch of the axillary artery) and the internal
thoracic artery (a branch of the subclavian artery).
31b. Is the breast a modified sebaceous gland? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the breast is a modified sweat gland.
31c. Is the nipple supplied by the T6 dermatome? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the nipple is supplied by the T4-T6 dermatomes.
31d. Does the breast cover the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis minor muscles? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the breast covers the upper part of the
latissimus dorsi muscle and the lower part of the pectoralis minor muscle.
32a. Does the cavernous sinus transmit all branches of CN V (trigeminal nerve)? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, all three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN
V) pass through the cavernous sinus.
32b. Is the internal carotid artery located in the walls of the cavernous sinus? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the internal carotid artery runs in the lateral
wall of the cavernous sinus.
33a. Does the piriformis muscle pass through the lesser sciatic foramen? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the piriformis muscle passes through the lesser
sciatic foramen along with the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels.
33b. Does the superior gluteal artery drain to the superficial inguinal nodes? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the superior gluteal artery drains to the
internal iliac nodes.
33c. Does the superior gluteal vein drain to the superficial inguinal nodes? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the superior gluteal vein drains to the
internal iliac vein.
33d. Does the inferior gemellus muscle pass through the lesser sciatic foramen? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the inferior gemellus muscle passes through the
lesser sciatic foramen along with the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels.
33e. Does the obturator externus muscle pass through the lesser sciatic foramen? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the obturator externus muscle passes through
the obturator foramen.
34a. Can the pulse of the ulnar artery be felt under something? (unclear stem) $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the pulse of the ulnar artery is not palpable
at most sites along its course.
34b. Is the common interosseous artery the largest branch of the ulnar artery? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the common interosseous artery is a branch of
the ulnar artery, but it is not the largest branch.
34c. Is the ulnar artery deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the ulnar artery passes deep
35b. Does the subclavius muscle attach the pectoral girdle to the trunk? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the subclavius muscle attaches the clavicle to
the first rib.
36c. Do the superior gluteal branches supply the trochanteric anastomosis? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the superior gluteal artery and its branches,
including the trochanteric branches, contribute to the trochanteric anastomosis
around the hip joint.
37a. Will damage to the median nerve at the elbow affect the supinator muscle? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the supinator muscle is innervated by the radial
nerve, not the median nerve.
37b. Will damage to the median nerve at the elbow affect the pronator teres muscle?
$
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the pronator teres muscle is innervated by the
median nerve.
37c. Will damage to the median nerve at the elbow affect the flexor digitorum
profundus (FDP) muscle? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the FDP muscle is innervated by the anterior
interosseous branch of the median nerve, which arises proximal to the elbow.
37d. Will damage to the median nerve at the elbow affect the flexor digitorum
superficialis (FDS) muscle? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the FDS muscle is innervated by the median
nerve.
38d. Does the aryepiglottic muscle affect the vocal cords? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the aryepiglottic muscle is involved in the
closure of the laryngeal inlet during swallowing, but it does not directly affect
the vocal cords.
39a. Is the narrowest portion of the esophagus at the level of the cricopharyngeus
muscle? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the cricopharyngeus muscle forms the upper
esophageal sphincter and is the narrowest portion of the esophagus.
40a. Is there a repeat or missing information for this question? The stem is
unclear.
41a. Does the manubrium lie at T3/4? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the manubrium of the sternum lies at the level
of the second rib.
41b. Is the transthoracic plane located at the manubrium? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the transthoracic plane (also known as the
sternal angle) is located at the junction between the manubrium and the body of the
sternum.
41c. Does the superior vena cava (SVC) pass through the fourth rib? The stem is
unclear.
Is the transthoracic plane located at the manubrium? $
Is the anterior fontanelle formed by two frontal and two parietal bones?
1. Which bone in a child is the same size as adult at birth?

a. Middle ear - True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the middle
ear bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) are fully formed and are the same size as in
adults at birth.
2. Regarding ossification centres:

a. Capitate is last to ossify - False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and
Applied and Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination, the
capitate bone is one of the first to ossify, with ossification beginning at around
2 years of age (CRITOE: Capitate and hamate at 2 years, Radius at 4 years, Lunate
at 3 years, Triquetral at 2-3 years, Os pisiforme at 12 years).
b. Medial epicondyle fuses at 20 years - False. According to Last's Anatomy:

Regional and Applied and Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN
Examination, the medial epicondyle of the humerus fuses with the rest of the bone
between the ages of 14 and 18 years.
c. 2 centres of radius ossify by 15 years - True. According to Last's Anatomy:

Regional and Applied, the radius ossifies from two centres, one for the body and
one for the head, and both are usually present by the age of 15 years.
d. Pisiform ossifies by 1 year - False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and

Applied, the pisiform bone is the last bone to ossify in the wrist, and typically
appears between the ages of 9 and 12 years.
e. Clavicle is the last bone to ossify - False. According to Last's Anatomy:

Regional and Applied, the clavicle is the first long bone to begin ossifying, with
ossification starting in utero.
3. The first bone to ossify is the:

c. Clavicle - True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the clavicle
is the first bone to begin ossifying, with ossification starting in utero.
4. Which bones form the borders to the anterior fontanelle in a child?

a. 2 frontals, 2 parietals - True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and
Applied, the anterior fontanelle is bordered by the two frontal bones and the two
parietal bones. The posterior fontanelle is bordered by the occipital bone and the
two parietal bones.
1a. Is the middle ear bone the same size in a child as it is in an adult at birth?
$
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the middle ear bones
(malleus, incus, and stapes) are fully formed and are the same size as in adults at
birth.
1b. Is the squamous bone the same size in a child as it is in an adult at birth? $
Uncertain. There is no clear answer in the sources provided.
1c. Is the ethmoid bone the same size in a child as it is in an adult at birth? $
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the ethmoid bone is not
fully formed at birth and continues to develop through childhood and adolescence.
1d. Is the lacrimal bone the same size in a child as it is in an adult at birth? $
1e. Is the parietal bone the same size in a child as it is in an adult at birth? $
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the parietal bones are
not fully formed at birth and continue to develop through childhood and
adolescence.
2a. Does the capitate bone ossify last in a child? $

False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied and Saunders Comprehensive
Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination, the capitate bone is one of the first to
ossify, with ossification beginning at around 2 years of age (CRITOE: Capitate and
hamate at 2 years, Radius at 4 years, Lunate at 3 years, Triquetral at 2-3 years,
Os pisiforme at 12 years).
2b. Does the medial epicondyle fuse at 20 years? $

Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination, the medial epicondyle of the humerus fuses
with the rest of the bone between the ages of 14 and 18 years.
2c. Do two centers of the radius ossify by 15 years? $

True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the radius ossifies from
two centers, one for the body and one for the head, and both are usually present by
the age of 15 years.
2d. Does the pisiform bone ossify by 1 year? $

False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the pisiform bone is the
last bone to ossify in the wrist, and typically appears between the ages of 9 and
12 years.
2e. Is the clavicle the last bone to ossify? $

False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the clavicle is the first
long bone to begin ossifying, with ossification starting in utero.
3. Does the humerus ossify first in a child? $

False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the clavicle is the first
bone to begin ossifying, with ossification starting in utero.
4a. Do two frontal bones and two parietal bones form the borders to the anterior
fontanelle in a child? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the anterior fontanelle is
bordered by the two frontal bones and the two parietal bones. The posterior
fontanelle is bordered by the occipital bone and the two parietal bones.
4b. Does one frontal bone, two parietal bones, and squamous bones form the borders
to the anterior fontanelle in a child? $
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the anterior fontanelle
is bordered by the two frontal bones and the two parietal bones. The posterior
4c. Do two frontal bones, two temporal bones, and the occipital bone form the
borders to the anterior fontanelle in a child? $
4d. Does one frontal bone, one parietal bone, and two frontal bones form the
borders to the anterior fontanelle in a child? $
5a. Is the face of a newborn similar in size to that of an adult? $

False. According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, the vault of the newborn
skull is large in proportion to the face when compared to adults.
5b. Do the vertical proportions of a newborn skull resemble those of an adult? $

True. According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, the vertical proportions of
the newborn skull are similar to those of adults.
5c. Do the bones of the vault in a newborn skull ossify in membrane and the bones
of the base ossify in cartilage? $
True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the bones of the vault in a newborn
skull ossify in membrane, while the bones of the base ossify in cartilage.
5d. Do the borders of the anterior fontanelle in a newborn skull consist of

frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones? $
5e. Do the borders of the posterior fontanelle in a newborn skull consist of
occipital, parietal, and temporal bones? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the posterior fontanelle
is bordered by the occipital bone and the two parietal bones.
5f. Can the anterior fontanelle be palpable at 3 years of age? $

usually closes between 9 and 16 months of age, although some sources suggest it can
persist up to 18 months. The persistence of the anterior fontanelle is much lower
than 8%.
5g. Is the anterior fontanelle the "longest"? $

5h. Does the anterior fontanelle persist in 8% of individuals? $

False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the persistence of the
anterior fontanelle is much lower than 8%. However, a remnant of the anterior
suture (metopic suture) may persist in some individuals.
6a. Is growth of the maxillary sinuses the most important factor that increases
length in a baby's face? $
6b. Do deciduous teeth appear after major face growth? $

False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, deciduous teeth typically appear at
around 6 months of age, before most major face growth has occurred.
6c. Is there a frontal sinus present in a newborn? $

False. According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, the frontal sinuses do not
develop until after the age of 6 years.
6d. Is the mastoid process present at birth and pulled out by the
sternocleidomastoid muscle? $
False. According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, the mastoid processes are
not present at birth and form during the first year of life as the
sternocleidomastoid muscles develop and pull on the petromastoid part of the
temporal bones.
7. If there is a disc bulge between C5/C6 in a patient, where is the referred pain
located? $
b. Lateral forearm and thumb. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, a disc bulge
between C5 and C6 typically results in pain and paresthesia (tingling or numbness)
in the lateral forearm and thumb.
6a. Does deep fascia help venous return? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, deep fascia does not have a significant role in
venous return.
6b. Does deep fascia allow muscles to expand? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, deep fascia restricts muscle expansion to some
extent, as it provides some degree of compartmentalization to the muscles.
6c. Is there no deep fascia over the face? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, there is deep fascia over the face, known as
the parotidomasseteric fascia.
6d. Does deep fascia run freely over bone? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, deep fascia adheres to bone and acts as a
covering for muscles, tendons, and other structures.
7. Is the vertebral artery not a branch of the basilar artery? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the vertebral artery is one of the two branches
that join to form the basilar artery.
8a. Does the plantar aponeurosis emerge from the posterior portion of the
calcaneus? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis originates from the
medial and lateral tubercles of the calcaneus.
8b. Is the plantar aponeurosis located between the first and second muscle layers?
$
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis is located deep to the
intrinsic muscles of the foot.
8c. Does the plantar aponeurosis attach to all five metatarsals? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis attaches to the plantar
surfaces of all five metatarsal bones.
9. If there is injury to the wrist with impaired thumb abduction, which other
deficit is present? $
b. Unable to oppose thumb and little finger. According to Gray's Anatomy, impaired
thumb abduction and inability to oppose the thumb and little finger are both
characteristic of median nerve injury at the wrist.
10a. Is extension of the elbow possible with a mid-shaft humerus fracture? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, a mid-shaft humerus fracture may cause pain and
weakness, but typically does not prevent extension of the elbow.
10b. Does a mid-shaft humerus fracture cause transient paralysis? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, a mid-shaft humerus fracture does not typically
cause paralysis.
10c. Is the ability to extend interphalangeal joints of the fingers affected by a

mid-shaft humerus fracture? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, a mid-shaft humerus fracture typically does not
affect the ability to extend the interphalangeal joints of the fingers.
11. Does the deep peroneal nerve pass superficial to the extensor retinaculum of
the ankle? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the deep peroneal nerve passes deep to the
extensor retinaculum of the ankle.
12c. Is the adductor magnus not innervated by the tibial portion of the sciatic
nerve? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the adductor magnus is innervated by the
obturator nerve, not the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve.
6a. Does deep fascia help venous return? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, deep fascia does not have a significant role in
venous return.
6b. Does deep fascia allow muscles to expand? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, deep fascia restricts muscle expansion to some
extent, as it provides some degree of compartmentalization to the muscles.
6c. Is there no deep fascia over the face? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, there is deep fascia over the face, known as
the parotidomasseteric fascia.
6d. Does deep fascia run freely over bone? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, deep fascia adheres to bone and acts as a
covering for muscles, tendons, and other structures.
7. Is the vertebral artery not a branch of the basilar artery? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the vertebral artery is one of the two branches
that join to form the basilar artery.
8a. Does the plantar aponeurosis emerge from the posterior portion of the
calcaneus? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis originates from the
medial and lateral tubercles of the calcaneus.
8b. Is the plantar aponeurosis located between the first and second muscle layers?
$
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis is located deep to the
intrinsic muscles of the foot.
8c. Does the plantar aponeurosis attach to all five metatarsals? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis attaches to the plantar
surfaces of all five metatarsal bones.
9. If there is injury to the wrist with impaired thumb abduction, which other
deficit is present? $
b. Unable to oppose thumb and little finger. According to Gray's Anatomy, impaired
thumb abduction and inability to oppose the thumb and little finger are both
characteristic of median nerve injury at the wrist.
10a. Is extension of the elbow possible with a mid-shaft humerus fracture? $

True. According to Gray's Anatomy, a mid-shaft humerus fracture may cause pain and
weakness, but typically does not prevent extension of the elbow.
10b. Does a mid-shaft humerus fracture cause transient paralysis? $

False. According to Gray's Anatomy, a mid-shaft humerus fracture does not typically
cause paralysis.
10c. Is the ability to extend interphalangeal joints of the fingers affected by a

mid-shaft humerus fracture? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, a mid-shaft humerus fracture typically does not
affect the ability to extend the interphalangeal joints of the fingers.
11. Does the deep peroneal nerve pass superficial to the extensor retinaculum of
the ankle? $
nerve? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the adductor magnus is innervated by the
obturator nerve, not the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve.
11a. Does the deep peroneal nerve pass superficial to the extensor retinaculum of
the ankle? $
11b. Does the superficial peroneal nerve pass superficial to the extensor
retinaculum of the ankle? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the superficial peroneal nerve passes
superficial to the extensor retinaculum of the ankle.
11c. Does the peroneus tertius pass superficial to the extensor retinaculum of the
ankle? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the peroneus tertius passes deep to the
11d. Does the extensor digitorum pass superficial to the extensor retinaculum of
the ankle? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the extensor digitorum passes superficial to the
12a. Is the short head of the biceps femoris innervated by the tibial portion of
the sciatic nerve? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the short head of the biceps femoris is
innervated by the common fibular (peroneal) division of the sciatic nerve.
12b. Is the semitendinosus innervated by the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the semitendinosus is innervated by the tibial
division of the sciatic nerve.
nerve? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the adductor magnus is not innervated by the
tibial division of the sciatic nerve, but rather by the obturator nerve.
12d. Is the semimembranosus innervated by the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve?
$
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the semimembranosus is innervated by the tibial
division of the sciatic nerve.
12e. Is the long head of the biceps femoris innervated by the tibial portion of the
sciatic nerve? $
False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the long head of the biceps femoris is
innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve.
14a. The vagus nerve is the most superficial structure in the thoracic inlet - True
or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the superior vena cava is
the most superficial structure in the thoracic inlet.
14b. The superior vena cava is the most superficial structure in the thoracic inlet
- True or False?
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied and Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, the superior vena cava is the most superficial structure in the thoracic
inlet.
15a. The diaphragm has the oesophageal opening opposite the T8 vertebrae - True or
False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the diaphragmatic hiatus
for the esophagus is opposite the level of T10.
15b. The diaphragm is supplied by C4, 5, 6 - True or False?

False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the diaphragm is supplied by the
phrenic nerve, which arises from C3, C4, and C5.
15c. The diaphragm has a major role in expiration - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the diaphragm has a major role in
inspiration, not expiration. Expiration is mainly a passive process during normal
respiration.
15d. The diaphragm has a vena caval opening at T10 - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the opening for the
inferior vena cava is at the level of T8, not T10.
15e. The diaphragm has an aortic opening opposite T12 - True or False?
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the aortic hiatus is
located at the level of T12.
16a. The transversus abdominis muscle is not used in forced expiration - True or
False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the transversus abdominis muscle is
used in forced expiration.
16b. The rectus abdominis muscle is not used in forced expiration - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the rectus abdominis muscle is used
in forced expiration.
16c. The diaphragm muscle is not used in forced expiration - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the diaphragm muscle is used in
forced expiration.
16d. The external oblique muscle is not used in forced expiration - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the external oblique muscle is used
in forced expiration.
16e. The internal oblique muscle is not used in forced expiration - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the internal oblique muscle is not
directly involved in forced expiration.
17a. The right phrenic nerve passes directly behind the right hilum - True or
False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the right phrenic nerve passes
anterolateral to the right hilum.
17b. The right vagus nerve passes directly behind the right hilum - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the right vagus nerve passes posterior
to the right hilum.
17c. The azygous vein passes directly behind the right hilum - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the azygous vein passes directly
behind the right hilum.
17d. The internal mammary artery passes directly behind the right hilum - True or
False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the internal mammary artery runs
along the lateral border of the sternum.
17e. The hemi-azygous vein passes directly behind the right hilum - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the hemiazygous vein drains into the
azygous vein on the left side and does not pass behind the right hilum.
18a. The breast is a modified sebaceous gland - True or False?

False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the breast is a modified sweat gland.
18b. The breast is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery and IMA - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the breast is supplied by the lateral
thoracic artery, internal mammary artery, and intercostal arteries.
18c. The breast overlies pec minor and part of lat dorsi - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the breast overlies the pectoralis
major muscle, not the pectoralis minor or latissimus dorsi muscles.
18d. The breast drains predominantly to subclavian nodes - True or False?

False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the breast drains mainly to the
axillary lymph nodes, not subclavian nodes.
1a. Referred pain from pancreatitis is at T7/8 level - True or False?

True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the referred pain from pancreatitis is
typically felt at the level of T7/8, although it can vary from T5 to T9.
1b. Referred pain from pancreatitis is at L1/2 level - True or False?

False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the referred pain from pancreatitis
is not typically felt at the L1/2 level.
1c. Referred pain from pancreatitis is at T3/4 level - True or False?

is not typically felt at the T3/4 level.
1d. Referred pain from pancreatitis is at T12/L1 level - True or False?

is not typically felt at the T12/L1 level.
2a. The superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain the anterior thigh - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
drain the skin of the anterior thigh.
2b. The superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain the base of the penis - True or
False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
drain the skin of the penis including the base.
2c. The superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain the testis - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the testes are drained by the para-
aortic lymph nodes due to their embryological origin.
3a. The external iliac lymph nodes drain the lower anal canal - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the external iliac lymph nodes do not
drain the lower anal canal.
3b. The deep inguinal lymph nodes drain the lower anal canal - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the deep inguinal lymph nodes do not
3c. The para-aortic lymph nodes drain the lower anal canal - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the para-aortic lymph nodes do not
3d. The superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain the lower anal canal - True or
False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the lower anal canal below the
pectinate line is drained by the superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
3e. The internal iliac lymph nodes drain the lower anal canal - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the upper anal canal above the
pectinate line is drained by the internal iliac lymph nodes.
4a. The pectinate line is a watershed for lymphatic drainage - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the pectinate line is a watershed for
lymphatic drainage. Below the pectinate line, lymphatic drainage is to the
superficial inguinal lymph nodes, and above the pectinate line, drainage is to the
internal iliac lymph nodes.
4b. All the abdominal skin drains to the inguinal lymph nodes - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, all the skin of the anterior abdominal
wall and the external genitalia drain to the inguinal lymph nodes.
4c. The rectum drains to the para-aortic lymph nodes - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superior portion of the rectum
drains to the pararectal lymph nodes, then to the sacral lymph nodes, and then to
the inferior mesenteric lymph nodes. The inferior portion of the rectum drains to
the internal iliac lymph nodes.
5a. The piriformis muscle goes through the lesser sciatic foramen - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the piriformis muscle passes through
the lesser sciatic foramen.
5b. The pudendal nerve goes through the lesser sciatic foramen - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the pudendal nerve passes through the
lesser sciatic foramen.
5c. The superior gemellus muscle goes through the lesser sciatic foramen - True or
False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superior gemellus muscle passes
through the lesser sciatic foramen.
5d. The obturator internus muscle goes through the lesser sciatic foramen - True or
False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the tendon of the obturator internus
muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen.
5e. The internal pudendal artery goes through the lesser sciatic foramen - True or
False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the internal pudendal artery passes
through the lesser sciatic foramen. It also passes through the greater sciatic
foramen.
5f. The superior gluteal artery goes through the lesser sciatic foramen - True or
False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superior gluteal artery does not
pass through the lesser sciatic foramen.
5g. The inferior gluteal artery goes through the lesser sciatic foramen - True or
False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the inferior gluteal artery does not
pass through the lesser sciatic foramen.
5h. The pudendal artery (internal pudendal) goes through the lesser sciatic foramen
- True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the internal pudendal artery passes
through the lesser sciatic foramen.
6a. The splenic vein passes through the transpyloric plane - True or False?
False. According to Saunders' Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination,
the splenic vein does not pass through the transpyloric plane.
6b. The tips of the 9th costal cartilages pass through the transpyloric plane -
True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the tips of the 9th costal cartilages
pass through the transpyloric plane.
6c. The lower border of L1 passes through the transpyloric plane - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the lower border of L1 passes through
the transpyloric plane.
6d. The spleen passes through the transpyloric plane - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the hilum of the spleen lies just
above the transpyloric plane.
6e. The superior mesenteric artery passes through the transpyloric plane - True or
False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery passes
through the transpyloric plane.
7a. The abdominal aorta is palpable above the transpyloric line in line with the
intertrochanteric line - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the surface markings for the
abdominal aorta are 2.5cm above the transpyloric plane in the midline to a point 1-
2cm below and to the left of the umbilicus.
7b. The sympathetic chain is adjacent to the abdominal aorta on the right - True or
False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the sympathetic chain is adjacent to
the abdominal aorta on the left.
7c. The splenic vein lies under the superior mesenteric artery - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the superior mesenteric
artery lies under the splenic vein.
7d. The renal arteries originate at T12 - True or False?

False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the renal arteries originate at L1.
7e. The surface marking for the abdominal aorta is from just above the transpyloric
plane to a point just below and to the left of the umbilicus - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the surface marking for the abdominal
aorta is from just above the transpyloric plane to a point just below and to the
left of the umbilicus.
8a. The deep circumflex iliac artery is a branch of the abdominal aorta - True or
False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the deep circumflex iliac artery is a
branch of the external iliac artery, which is a continuation of the common iliac
artery that arises from the abdominal aorta.
8b. The suprarenal artery is a branch of the abdominal aorta - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the suprarenal artery arises from the
abdominal aorta just above the origin of the renal arteries.
8c. The inferior mesenteric artery is a branch of the abdominal aorta - True or
False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the inferior mesenteric artery is a
branch of the abdominal aorta and supplies the left half of the transverse colon,
descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum.
8d. The inferior phrenic arteries are branches of the abdominal aorta - True or
False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the inferior phrenic arteries arise
from the abdominal aorta immediately above the celiac trunk and supply the
diaphragm.
8e. The lumbar arteries are not branches of the abdominal aorta - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the lumbar arteries are branches of
the abdominal aorta and supply the posterior abdominal wall.
9a. The right suprarenal artery is the highest branch of the abdominal aorta - True
or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the highest branch of the abdominal
aorta is the right and left inferior phrenic arteries. The right suprarenal artery
arises from the abdominal aorta just above the renal arteries.
9b. The celiac trunk is the highest branch of the abdominal aorta - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the celiac trunk arises from the
abdominal aorta at the level of T12.
9c. The left renal artery is the highest branch of the abdominal aorta - True or
False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the left and right renal arteries
arise from the abdominal aorta at the level of L1.
9d. The left gonadal artery is the highest branch of the abdominal aorta - True or
False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the left and right gonadal arteries
arise from the abdominal aorta at the level of L2.
9e. The superior mesenteric artery is not the highest branch of the abdominal aorta
- True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery arises
from the abdominal aorta at the level of L1, below the origin of the celiac trunk.
10a. The right gastroepiploic vein is a tributary of the portal vein - True or
False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the right gastroepiploic vein drains
into the superior mesenteric vein, which then joins with the splenic vein to form
the portal vein.
10b. The left gastroepiploic vein is a tributary of the portal vein - True or
False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the left gastroepiploic vein drains
into the splenic vein, which then joins with the superior mesenteric vein to form
the portal vein.
11a. The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is the main vessel supplying the body
of the pancreas - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superior pancreaticoduodenal
artery supplies the head of the pancreas, not the body. The body of the pancreas is
supplied by branches of the splenic artery, such as the dorsal pancreatic artery.
12. The superior pancreaticoduodenal vein drains into the portal vein - True or
False?
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the superior
pancreaticoduodenal vein drains into the portal vein. The inferior
pancreaticoduodenal vein drains into the superior mesenteric vein.
13a. The gastroepiploic vein drains the stomach - True or False?

True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the gastroepiploic vein is a vein that
drains the greater curvature of the stomach.
13b. The gastroduodenal vein drains the stomach - True or False?

False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the gastroduodenal vein drains the
duodenum and joins with the splenic vein to form the portal vein. It does not
directly drain the stomach.
13c. The right gastric vein drains the stomach - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the right gastric vein drains the
lesser curvature of the stomach.
13d. The left gastric vein drains the stomach - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the left gastric vein drains the lower
esophagus and the cardia of the stomach.
13e. The short gastric veins drain the stomach - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the short gastric veins drain the
fundus of the stomach.
14a. Division of the testicular artery results in testicular infarction - True or

False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, division of the testicular artery can
result in testicular infarction.
14b. The testicular artery has numerous anastomoses with the cremasteric artery -
True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the testicular artery has numerous
anastomoses with the artery of the ductus deferens, not the cremasteric artery.
14c. The pampiniform plexus is a superficial plexus surrounding the testicular

artery - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the pampiniform plexus is a network
of veins that surrounds the testicular artery in the spermatic cord.
15a. The notch of the spleen is located on the superior border - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the notch of the spleen is located on
the superior border.
15b. The spleen has T12-L2 innervation and pain is referred to the lower chest and
upper flank - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the spleen has T5-T9 innervation and
pain is referred to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
16a. The stomach is completely invested by peritoneum - True or False?

True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the stomach is completely invested by
peritoneum.
16b. The cardia of the stomach is situated at T12 - True or False?

False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the cardia of the stomach is situated
at the level of T11.
16c. The pyloric opening of the stomach is at L1 - True or False?

True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the pyloric opening of the stomach is
at the level of L1.
16d. The aorta is to the left of the lesser curve of the stomach - True or False?
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the aorta is to the right of the
lesser curve of the stomach.
16e. The stomach is supplied by branches of the coeliac trunk - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the stomach is supplied by branches of
the coeliac trunk, including the left gastric artery and the common hepatic artery.
17. Veins and cutaneous nerves run through the panniculus adiposus - True or False?
True. According to Blitz et al., veins and cutaneous nerves run through the
panniculus adiposus, which is a layer of subcutaneous fat.
18a. The position of the base of the appendix is fixed in relation to the cecum -
True or False?
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the base of the appendix
is fixed in relation to the cecum.
18b. The appendix opens onto the cecum 2cm below the ileocecal valve on the
posterior wall - True or False?
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the appendix opens onto
the cecum 2cm below the ileocecal valve on the posterior wall.
18c. The appendicular artery is usually a branch of the ileocolic artery - True or
False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the appendicular artery is usually a
branch of the ileocolic artery, which arises from the superior mesenteric artery.
18d. The appendix may be 6-28cm long - True or False?

False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the appendix is usually
6-10cm long.
18e. The appendix has a mesentery - True or False?

True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the appendix has a mesoappendix, which
is a fold of peritoneum that attaches the appendix to the mesentery of the ileum.
18f. The appendix usually lies retrocecal in health - True or False?

False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the appendix usually lies
retroileal in health, but it can also be retrocecal or pelvic.
18g. The appendix drains to inguinal nodes - True or False?

False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the appendix drains to
the ileocolic nodes, which are located near the junction of the ileum and colon.
18h. The appendix has no mesentery - True or False?

False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the appendix has a mesoappendix,
which is a fold of peritoneum that attaches the appendix to the mesentery of the
ileum.
18i. The tip of the appendix is constant in relation to the cecum - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the base of the appendix
is constant in relation to the cecum.
18j. The appendix opens into the cecum 2cm below the ileocecal valve - True or
False?
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the appendix opens onto
the cecum 2cm below the ileocecal valve on the posterior wall.
18k. The tip of the appendix is in constant relation to McBurney's point - True or
False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the tip of the appendix is in constant
relation to McBurney's point, which is located one-third of the distance from the
anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus.
18l. The appendix enters the anterior wall of the cecum - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the appendix enters the
posteromedial wall of the cecum 2cm below the ileocecal junction.
18m. The appendix is usually retrocecal in health - True or False?

False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the position of the appendix in
health varies, but it is usually retroileal or retrocecal.
22e. The narrowest point of the ureter is at the PUJ - True or False?
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied and Saunders Comprehensive
Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination, the ureter is narrowest at three points - the
PUJ (pelviureteric junction), VUJ (vesicoureteric junction), and where it crosses
the pelvic brim at the SIJ (sacroiliac joint).
23a. The PUJ (pelviureteric junction) is the widest diameter of the ureter - True
or False?
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied and Saunders Comprehensive
Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination, the PUJ is the widest diameter of the ureter.
23b. The ureters are dependent on innervation from the renal pelvis for peristalsis
- True or False?
Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination, the ureters have intrinsic pacemaker ability
and do not require innervation from the renal pelvis for peristalsis.
23c. The ureters lie lateral to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae -
True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the ureters lie just
medial to the tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.
24a. The length of the urethra is 20cm - True or False?

False. The length of the male urethra is approximately 20cm, but the female urethra
is much shorter at about 4cm.
24b. The urethra does a right angle bend in the spongy part - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, there is a 90 degree turn
from the spongy to the membranous part of the male urethra, but it is not a right
angle bend.
24c. The narrowest point of the urethra is at the prostate - True or False?
Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination, the narrowest point of the male urethra is at
the external urethral meatus, while the female urethra has a uniform diameter.
24d. The narrowest point of the urethra is at the navicular fossa - True or False?
Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination, the narrowest point of the male urethra is at
the external urethral meatus, while the female urethra has a uniform diameter.
24e. The urethra runs in the corpus cavernosum - True or False?

False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the urethra runs in the
corpus spongiosum of the penis.
25a. The testicle has no parasympathetic supply - True or False?
Uncertain. There is no clear answer in the sources provided, but Blitz et al.
suggest that the testicle may have a vagal supply.
25b. The appendix of the testicle is inferior - True or False?

False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the epididymis is
posterolateral to the testis, and there is no appendix of the testis.
25c. The vas deferens is located somewhere in relation to the testicle - True or
False?
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the vas deferens is a
tubular structure that ascends from the epididymis to the posterior surface of the
urinary bladder.
25d. The epididymis is located somewhere else in relation to the testicle - True or
False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the epididymis is
posterolateral to the testis.
25e. The testicle drains to paraaortic and inguinal nodes - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the testis drains to the
paraaortic lymph nodes.
25f. The pampiniform plexus is a superficial venous plexus surrounding the

testicular artery - True or False?
True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the pampiniform plexus is
a network of veins that surround the testicular artery in the spermatic cord.
25g. The testicular artery has numerous anastomoses with the cremasteric artery -
True or False?
True, but with some qualifications. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the
testicular artery anastomoses with both the artery to the vas deferens and the
cremasteric artery, but these anastomoses are not sufficient to maintain blood
supply to the testis.
26a. The duodenum is a retroperitoneal structure - True or False?

Partially true. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the first and
second parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal, but the third and fourth parts
are intraperitoneal.
26b. The length of the duodenum is 25cm - True or False?

False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the length of the
duodenum is approximately 25cm.
26c. The duodenum lies between the levels of L2-L4 - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the duodenum lies between
the levels of L1-L3.
26d. The fourth part of the duodenum lies to the right of the aorta - True or
False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the fourth part of the
duodenum lies to the left of the aorta.
27c. The appendix is formed by teneae coli convergence - True or False?

28a. The ureters are widest in diameter at the PUJ - True or False?
True. According to Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination, the
PUJ (pelviureteric junction) is the widest diameter of the ureter.
28b. The ureters are innervated by sympathetic nerves from T12-L1 - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied and Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, the ureters are innervated by sympathetic nerves from T10-T11.
28c. The ureters lie lateral to the tips of the lumbar transverse processes - True
or False?
medial to the tips of the lumbar transverse processes.
28d. The ureters depend on innervation from the pelvis for peristalsis - True or
False?
Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination, the ureters have independent pacemakers and do
not require innervation from the pelvis for peristalsis.
29a. The ureters cross the gonadal vessels - True or False?

True. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the ureters are crossed by
the gonadal vessels.
29b. The ureters cross over the vas deferens - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the vas deferens is above
the ureter, but the ureter is not said to cross over it.
29c. The ureters are crossed by the genitofemoral nerve - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the genitofemoral nerve
crosses in front of the ureter.
29d. The ureters pass under the cover of the psoas muscle - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the ureters pass
inferiorly on the psoas major muscle under the peritoneum.
29e. The ureters lie lateral to the lumbar transverse processes - True or False?
medial to the tips of the lumbar transverse processes.
30a. The head of the pancreas is palpable in the epigastric region - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the pancreas is
retroperitoneal and not palpable in the epigastric region.
30b. The body and tail of the pancreas are left and inferior to the transpyloric
level - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the body of the pancreas
is overlapped by the transverse colon and lies anterior to the left kidney, while
the tail lies to the left of the midline.
30c. The posterior surface of the pancreas is covered by peritoneum - True or

False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the anterior surface of
the neck of the pancreas is covered by peritoneum, but the posterior surface is in
contact with the inferior vena cava and aorta.
30d. The neck of the pancreas overlies the L1/L2 vertebrae - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the neck of the pancreas
overlies the superior mesenteric vessels, while the body passes over the aorta and
L2 vertebra.
30e. The head of the pancreas lies superior and right of the transpyloric plane -
True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the head of the pancreas
lies inferior to the level of L1.
4a. Does the right coronary artery arise from the posterior coronary sinus? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the right coronary artery arises from
the right aortic sinus.
4b. Are there arteriolar anastomoses between the terminations of the left and right
coronary arteries? $ False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the coronary
arteries are considered end-arteries and do not have significant anastomoses
between them.
4c. Does the left coronary artery supply the conducting system in the majority of
patients? $ False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the right coronary artery
supplies the sinoatrial (SA) node in 60% of people and the atrioventricular (AV)
node in 80% of people.
4d. Does the right coronary artery arise from the posterior coronary sinus? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the right coronary artery arises from
the right coronary sinus.
4e. Does the left coronary artery supply the conducting system in most patients? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the right coronary artery supplies
the SA node in 60% of people and the AV node in 80% of people. The left coronary
artery supplies the interventricular septum.
4f. Does the right coronary artery supply the posterior descending branch in most
patients? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the right coronary artery
gives off the posterior interventricular branch, which supplies the posterior
descending branch in most people.
4g. Are there no arteriolar anastomoses between the left and right coronary
arteries? $ False. Although the coronary arteries are considered end-arteries,
collateral circulation can occur via small anastomoses between branches of the left
and right coronary arteries.
6a. Does the internal mammary artery descend straight down 1cm medial to the border
of the sternum? $ False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the internal
mammary artery descends straight down about 1cm lateral to the border of the
sternum.
6b. Is the internal mammary artery a branch of the 2nd part of the subclavian
artery? $ False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the internal mammary artery
is a branch of the 1st part of the subclavian artery.
6c. Does the internal mammary artery give off two intercostal branches? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the internal mammary artery gives off two
anterior intercostal branches at each intercostal space and then gives off the
superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries at the costal margin.
6d. Does the internal mammary artery run with a companion vein that drains into the
brachiocephalic vein? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the internal
mammary artery is accompanied by two venae comitantes, which drain into the
brachiocephalic vein.
The incorrect statement concerning the relations of the arch of the aorta is:
c. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes upwards on the left side of the arch
of the aorta.
This statement is incorrect because the left recurrent laryngeal nerve actually
passes upwards on the right side of the arch of the aorta. It loops around the
ligamentum arteriosum, which is a remnant of the ductus arteriosus, and then
ascends in the tracheo-esophageal groove on the right side of the trachea.
Regarding the anatomy of the trachea:
8a. Is the trachea 20cm long and bifurcates below the manubrium sternum? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy and Wikipedia, the trachea is about 10cm long
and bifurcates into the left and right main bronchi at the level of the sternal
angle, which is also known as the angle of Louis.
8b. Does the trachea start at the level of the cricoid cartilage? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the trachea starts just below the level of
the cricoid cartilage at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra.
8c. Is the trachea 5cm in diameter in the adult? $ False. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the trachea is about 2.5cm in diameter in the adult.
8d. Does the trachea bifurcate just below the manubrium? $ False. According to
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the trachea bifurcates into the left and right main
bronchi at the level of the sternal angle, which is also known as the angle of
Louis.
8e. Does the trachea bifurcate just below the sternal angle? $ True. According to
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the trachea bifurcates into the left and right main
Louis.
8f. Does the trachea start at the level of C4? $ False. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the trachea starts just below the level of the cricoid cartilage
at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra.
8g. Does the trachea drain to axillary lymph nodes? $ False. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the trachea is drained by the deep cervical, pretracheal, and
paratracheal lymph nodes.
8h. Is the trachea supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve? $ False. According to

Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the trachea is innervated by the vagus nerve and the
recurrent laryngeal nerves.
8i. Is the lower end of the trachea marked by the sternal angle? $ True. According
to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the trachea bifurcates into the left and right main
Louis.
8j. Does the trachea enter the thoracic inlet slightly to the left? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the trachea enters the thoracic inlet pretty
much in the midline.
8k. Does the trachea commence below the cricoid at the level of C5? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the trachea starts just below the level of
the cricoid cartilage at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra.
8l. Does the trachea bifurcate below the level of the lower border of the lower
manubrium? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the trachea bifurcates
into the left and right main bronchi at the level of the sternal angle, which is
located at the lower border of the manubrium sterni.
8m. Does the trachealis muscle aid swallowing? $ False. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the trachealis muscle lines the posterior gap between the
cartilage rings of the trachea and acts to constrict the trachea during coughing to
increase the velocity of air flow.
9. The narrowest part of the esophagus is:
a. at the level of the cricopharyngeus muscle.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the narrowest part of the esophagus is at

the level of the cricopharyngeus muscle, which is located at the level of the C6
vertebra.
10. The esophageal opening in the diaphragm is at:
c. T10.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the esophageal opening in the diaphragm is

at the level of T10, along with the passage of the vagus nerve.
11. What travels through the diaphragm with the esophagus?
a. right vagus nerve.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the right vagus nerve travels through the
diaphragm with the esophagus at the level of T10.
12. Which structure passes posterior to the root of the right lung?
d. thoracic aorta.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the thoracic aorta passes posterior to the
root of the left lung, while the hemiazygous vein drains into the left subclavian
vein on the left side. The right phrenic nerve passes anterior to the root of the
right lung, and the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the right
subclavian artery, not going low enough to pass behind the root of the lung.
13. With regard to the bronchopulmonary segments, which of the following statements
is NOT true?
d. Each segmental bronchus is accompanied by a pulmonary vein.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, each segmental bronchus is accompanied by a

tertiary (segmental) branch of the pulmonary artery, and the segment is drained by
the intersegmental veins. Fibrous septa separate the bronchopulmonary segments, and
there are approximately 10 segments in the right lung and 8-10 in the left lung.
The lingula of the left lung is divided into upper and lower segments.
13a. There are approximately 10 segments in each lung - True or False?

True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, there are approximately 10
bronchopulmonary segments in the right lung and 8-10 in the left lung.
13b. The lingula is divided into upper and lower segments - True or False?
False. According to Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied, the lingula is a part of
the left upper lobe and is divided into an upper and lower division by a horizontal
fissure.
13c. Fibrous septa separate the bronchopulmonary segments - True or False?
True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, fibrous septa separate the
bronchopulmonary segments.
13d. Each segmental bronchus is accompanied by a pulmonary vein - True or False?

False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, each segmental bronchus is
accompanied by a tertiary (segmental) branch of the pulmonary artery, and the
segment is drained by the intersegmental veins.
21a. Do all extraocular muscles attach to the tendinous ring? $ False. According to
Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, all four rectus muscles attach to the tendinous
ring, but the superior and inferior oblique muscles do not.
21b. Does the superior oblique muscle attach to the ethmoid bone? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the superior oblique muscle attaches
to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.
21c. Does the lacrimal gland occupy the fossa on the medial sides of the eye? $
False. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the lacrimal gland is located
in the superolateral part of the orbit, and the lacrimal duct is medial.
22a. Do veins in the skull follow arteries? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy,
veins in the skull do not follow arteries.
22b. Do veins in the skull lie subdurally? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy,
veins in the skull run in the subarachnoid space and cross the subdural space to
drain into the nearest available venous sinus of the dura mater.
22c. Does the great cerebral vein drain into the cavernous sinus? $ False.
According to Last's Anatomy, the great cerebral vein drains into the straight
sinus.
23a. Does the superior cerebral vein lie deep in the sulci? $ True. According to
Last's Anatomy, the superior cerebral vein lies deep in the sulci of the brain.
23b. Does the superior cerebral vein lie between the dura and the skull? $ False.
According to Last's Anatomy, the sinuses lie between the dura and the skull, not
the superior cerebral vein.
23c. Does the superior cerebral vein lie in the arachnoid mater? $ True. According
to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the superior cerebral vein lies in the arachnoid
mater.
23d. Does the superior cerebral vein lie in the margins of the falx? $ False.
According to Last's Anatomy, the sinuses lie in the margins of the falx, not the
superior cerebral vein.
23e. Does the superior cerebral vein follow the superior cerebral artery? $ False.
According to Last's Anatomy, veins do not follow arteries in the brain.
24a. Does the internal jugular vein run from the angle of the jaw to the proximal
end of the clavicle? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the internal jugular vein
runs from the jugular foramen to the venous angle formed by the union of the
subclavian and internal jugular veins.
24b. Does the internal jugular vein run deep to the two heads of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the internal
jugular vein runs deep to the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in its
inferior third.
24c. Is the internal jugular vein medial to the artery? $ False. According to
Last's Anatomy, the internal jugular vein is lateral to the carotid artery.
24d. Does the internal jugular vein run in close proximity to the thoracic duct? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy, the left internal jugular vein drains into the
confluence of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins, which is close
to the thoracic duct.
25d. Is the hypoglossal artery a branch of the external carotid artery? $ False.
The hypoglossal artery does not exist in humans.
Therefore, the answer is (d) hypoglossal artery.
The hypoglossal artery is not a branch of the external carotid artery. Therefore,
the answer is (d) hypoglossal artery.
1a. Is the lingual artery a branch of the external carotid artery? $ True.
According to Gray's Anatomy, the lingual artery is a branch of the external carotid
artery.
1b. Is the facial artery a branch of the external carotid artery? $ True. According
to Gray's Anatomy, the facial artery is a branch of the external carotid artery.
1c. Is the ascending pharyngeal artery a branch of the external carotid artery? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the ascending pharyngeal artery is a branch of
the external carotid artery.
According to Gray's Anatomy, the hypoglossal artery does not exist in humans.
1e. Is the superior thyroid artery a branch of the external carotid artery? $ True.
According to Gray's Anatomy, the superior thyroid artery is a branch of the
external carotid artery.
26a. Do arteries from both the external and internal carotid arteries supply the
scalp? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, arteries from both the
external carotid artery (superficial temporal artery, occipital artery, and
posterior auricular artery) and internal carotid artery (supratrochlear artery and
supraorbital artery from the ophthalmic artery) supply the scalp.
27. Which of the following statements regarding Kiesselbach's plexus is true? $ The
answer may vary depending on the stem statement. Please provide the full statement.
28a. Is Kiesselbach's area a plexus of vessels on the lateral wall prone to

epistaxis? $ False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, Kiesselbach's plexus is
a plexus of vessels on the anteroinferior portion of the nasal septum commonly
involved in chronic epistaxis.
28b. Is the major contributor to nasal blood supply the sphenopalatine artery? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy, the sphenopalatine artery is the major
contributor to the blood supply of the lateral wall of the nose.
28c. Is the nasal blood supply solely by branches of the internal carotid arteries?
$ False. According to Last's Anatomy, the nasal blood supply involves branches of
both the external carotid artery (sphenopalatine artery, anterior and posterior
ethmoidal arteries, greater palatine artery, superior labial artery, and lateral
nasal branches of the facial artery) and internal carotid artery (anterior and
posterior ethmoidal arteries and supratrochlear artery).
28d. Is the nasal blood supply solely by branches of the external carotid arteries?
$ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the nasal blood supply is
principally by branches of the external carotid artery.
28e. Is the blood supply to the nasal septum poor? $ False. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the blood supply to the nasal septum is rich, which is why
Kiesselbach's plexus is located there and prone to bleeding.
29. Which of the following is NOT found in the posterior triangle of the neck?
a. Branches of the cervical plexus
b. Occipital lymph nodes
c. Accessory nerve
d. Cervical plexus
e. Inferior belly of omohyoid
$ Answer: (d) Cervical plexus is not found in the posterior triangle of the neck.
The cervical plexus is mainly located in the neck's lateral region, and its
branches extend into the posterior triangle.
30a. Does the mandible form the submental triangle? $ True. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the submental triangle is formed by the mandible, midline, and
hyoid bone (or both anterior bellies of digastrics with the hyoid bone).
30b. Does the mandible form the anterior triangle? $ True. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the anterior triangle is formed by the mandible, midline, and
sternocleidomastoid muscle.
30c. Does the mandible form the digastric triangle (also known as the submandibular
triangle)? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the digastric triangle is
formed by the mandible, the anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscles.
30d. Does the sternocleidomastoid muscle form the carotid triangle? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the carotid triangle is formed by the
sternocleidomastoid muscle, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the
superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
30e. Does the clavicle form the anterior triangle? $ True. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the anterior triangle is formed by the mandible, midline,
sternocleidomastoid muscle, and clavicle.
31. Which of the following is NOT a content of the posterior triangle?

a. Accessory nerve
b. Cervical plexus
c. Inferior belly of omohyoid
d. Transverse cervical vessels
e. Occipital lymph nodes
$ Answer: (b) Cervical plexus is not a content of the posterior triangle. The
cervical plexus lies in the neck's lateral region, and its branches extend into the
posterior triangle.
32a. Is the superior thyroid vein contained in the carotid triangle? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superior thyroid vein is contained
within the carotid triangle.
32b. Is the posterior auricular artery contained in the carotid triangle? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the posterior auricular artery is a branch
of the external carotid artery and is located superior to the posterior belly of
the digastric muscle, so it is not contained within the carotid triangle.
32c. Is the external laryngeal nerve contained in the carotid triangle? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the external laryngeal nerve is contained
32d. Is the superior root of the ansa cervicalis contained in the carotid triangle?
$ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superior root of the ansa
cervicalis is contained within the carotid triangle.
32e. Is the bifurcation of the common carotid artery contained in the carotid
triangle? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the bifurcation of the
common carotid artery is contained within the carotid triangle.
33a. Is the nerve not located between the carotid artery and internal jugular vein
in the carotid sheath? $ False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the nerve is always
located between the carotid artery and internal jugular vein in the carotid sheath.
33b. Is the carotid sheath thinnest on the side of the arteries? $ False. According
to Gray's Anatomy, the carotid sheath is thinnest on the side of the veins.
33c. Does the carotid sheath contain the common carotid artery? $ True. According
to Gray's Anatomy, the carotid sheath contains the common carotid artery.
33d. Does the carotid sheath contain the internal carotid artery? $ True. According
to Gray's Anatomy, the carotid sheath contains the internal carotid artery.
33e. Does the carotid sheath contain the internal jugular vein? $ True. According
to Gray's Anatomy, the carotid sheath contains the internal jugular vein.
33f. Does the carotid sheath not contain the vagus nerve? $ False. According to
Gray's Anatomy, the vagus nerve is contained within the carotid sheath.
33g. Does the carotid sheath not contain nodes? $ True. According to Gray's
Anatomy, the carotid sheath does not contain nodes.
33h. Does the carotid sheath contain the carotid sinus nerve and sympathetic nerve
fibers? $ True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the carotid sheath contains the
carotid sinus nerve and sympathetic nerve fibers.
34. Which bone makes up part of the roof of the orbit? $ Answer: (b) Maxilla.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the maxilla bone makes up the floor of the
orbit.
35. What runs through the foramen spinosum? $ Answer: (a) Internal carotid artery.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the foramen spinosum transmits the middle
meningeal artery and vein, as well as the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve,
but the internal carotid artery does not pass through this foramen.
36. Which vessel supplies a branch that passes through the foramen spinosum? $
Answer: (a) Maxillary artery. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the middle
meningeal artery, a branch of the maxillary artery, passes through the foramen
spinosum.
37. What exits the stylomastoid foramen? $ Answer: (c) Facial nerve. According to
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the facial nerve exits the skull via the stylomastoid
foramen.
38. Which structure does not travel through the jugular foramen? $ Answer: (a)
Hypoglossal nerve. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the hypoglossal nerve
travels through the hypoglossal canal/foramen, while the accessory nerve,
glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and internal jugular vein all pass through the
jugular foramen. The inferior petrosal sinus also drains through the jugular
foramen.
35a. Does the internal carotid artery run through the foramen spinosum? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the internal carotid artery does not pass
through the foramen spinosum. This foramen transmits the middle meningeal artery
and vein, as well as the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve.
35b. Does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve run through the foramen
rotundum? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the maxillary branch of
the trigeminal nerve passes through the foramen rotundum.
35c. Does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve run through the foramen
ovale? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the mandibular branch of the
trigeminal nerve passes through the foramen ovale.
35d. Does the middle meningeal artery run through the foramen spinosum? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the middle meningeal artery passes through
the foramen spinosum.
36. Does the maxillary artery supply a branch that passes through the foramen
spinosum? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the middle meningeal
artery, a branch of the maxillary artery, passes through the foramen spinosum.
37a. Does the middle meningeal artery exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen?
$ False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the middle meningeal artery does
not exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen. This foramen transmits the facial
nerve.
37b. Does the accessory nerve exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the accessory nerve exits the skull via the
stylomastoid foramen.
37c. Does the facial nerve exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the facial nerve exits the skull via the
37d. Does the artery to stapedius exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the artery to stapedius does not exit
the skull via the stylomastoid foramen. This artery enters the petrotympanic
fissure.
37e. Does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the hypoglossal nerve does not exit
the skull via the stylomastoid foramen. This nerve passes through the hypoglossal
canal/foramen.
38a. Does the hypoglossal nerve pass through the jugular foramen? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the hypoglossal nerve does not pass through
the jugular foramen. This nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal/foramen.
38b. Does the accessory nerve pass through the jugular foramen? $ True. According
to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the accessory nerve passes through the jugular
foramen.
38c. Does the inferior petrosal sinus pass through the jugular foramen? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the inferior petrosal sinus drains through
the jugular foramen.
38d. Does the glossopharyngeal nerve pass through the jugular foramen? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the glossopharyngeal nerve passes through
38e. Does the vagus nerve pass through the jugular foramen? $ True. According to
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the vagus nerve passes through the jugular foramen.
39. Would a fracture through the roof of the maxillary sinus result in sensory loss
to the upper molar teeth? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the
superior alveolar nerves, which supply sensory innervation to the upper teeth, pass
through the roof of the maxillary sinus. Fractures through this area can damage the
nerves and result in sensory loss.
40a. Would a fracture through the floor of the maxillary sinus cause loss of
sensation of the upper molars? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the
through the floor of the maxillary sinus. Fractures through this area can damage
the nerves and result in sensory loss.
40b. Would a fracture through the floor of the maxillary sinus cause loss of
sensation of the canines and incisors? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, the infraorbital nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve (CNV2), supplies
sensory innervation to the canines and incisors of the upper teeth. Damage to the
nerve from a fracture through the floor of the maxillary sinus can result in
sensory loss.
41a. Does the frontal sinus enter into the inferior meatus of the nose? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the frontal sinus drains into the middle
meatus of the nose.
41b. Does the ethmoidal sinus enter into the inferior meatus of the nose? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the ethmoidal sinus drains into the superior
meatus of the nose.
41c. Does the maxillary sinus enter into the inferior meatus of the nose? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the maxillary sinus drains into the middle
meatus of the nose.
41d. Does the nasolacrimal duct enter into the inferior meatus of the nose? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the nasolacrimal duct drains into the
inferior meatus of the nose.
41e. Does the inferior alveolar nerve enter into the inferior meatus of the nose? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch
of the mandibular nerve (CNV3), provides sensory innervation to the lower teeth and
jaw. It does not enter into the nasal cavity.
42a. Do the alar ligaments connect the bodies of the axis to the foramen magnum? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the alar ligaments extend from the
sides of the dens of the axis to the margins of the foramen magnum.
42b. Do the alar ligaments connect the dens to the foramen magnum? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the alar ligaments extend from the sides of
the dens of the axis to the margins of the foramen magnum.
42c. Do the alar ligaments connect adjacent vertebral bodies posteriorly? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the posterior longitudinal ligament connects
adjacent vertebral bodies posteriorly.
42d. Do the alar ligaments connect the tips of adjacent spinous processes? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the supraspinous ligament connects the tips
of adjacent spinous processes.
42e. Do the alar ligaments connect adjacent laminae? $ False. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the ligamentum flavum connects adjacent laminae.
43a. Is the floor of the nasal cavity the cribriform plate? $ False. According to
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the palatine
processes of the maxilla.
43b. Is the roof of the nasal cavity the frontonasal/ethmoid bone? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the roof of the nasal cavity is formed by
the ethmoid bone, including the cribriform plate, and the frontal bone. The
sphenoid bone also contributes to the posterior part of the roof.
43c. Is the medial wall of the nasal cavity the nasal septum? $ True. According to
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the nasal septum forms the medial wall of the nasal
cavity.
43d. Are the lateral walls of the nasal cavity formed by the superior, middle, and
inferior conchae? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the lateral walls
of the nasal cavity are formed by the superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae.
44a. Do premolars have more than 3 cusps? $ False. According to Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, premolars typically have two cusps, while molars have three or more cusps.
44b. Do deciduous teeth erupt between 1-3 years? $ False. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, deciduous teeth, also known as baby teeth or primary teeth,
usually erupt between 6-30 months of age.
44c. Does the root canal transmit the nerves and vessels to and from the pulp
cavity via the apical foramen? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the
root canal of a tooth contains the pulp cavity, which is supplied with nerves and
vessels via the apical foramen at the base of the root.
9a. Is the supraorbital nerve a branch of the ophthalmic nerve? $ True. According
to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the supraorbital nerve is a branch of the
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1).
9b. Is the supratrochlear nerve a branch of the ophthalmic nerve? $ True. According
to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the supratrochlear nerve is a branch of the
9c. Is the infraorbital nerve a branch of the ophthalmic nerve? $ False. According
to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary
nerve, not the ophthalmic nerve.
9d. Is the external nasal nerve a branch of the ophthalmic nerve? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the external nasal nerve is a branch
of the anterior ethmoidal nerve, which is a branch of the nasociliary nerve, which
is in turn a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1).
9e. Is the infratrochlear nerve a branch of the ophthalmic nerve? $ True. According
to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the infratrochlear nerve is a branch of the
10a. Is the lacrimal nerve a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal
nerve? $ True. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the lacrimal nerve is a
branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1).
10b. Is the infraorbital nerve a branch of the ophthalmic division of the

trigeminal nerve? $ False. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the
infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
(CN V2).
10c. Is the supraorbital nerve a branch of the ophthalmic division of the

trigeminal nerve? $ True. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the
supraorbital nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
(CN V1).
10d. Is the infratrochlear nerve a branch of the ophthalmic division of the

infratrochlear nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
(CN V1).
10e. Is the supratrochlear nerve a branch of the ophthalmic division of the

supratrochlear nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
(CN V1).
11a. Is the infraorbital nerve a branch of the mandibular nerve? $ False. According
to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the infraorbital nerve is a branch of the
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2).
11b. Is the external nasal nerve a branch of the mandibular nerve? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the external nasal nerve is a branch
of the anterior ethmoidal nerve, which is a branch of the nasociliary nerve, which
is in turn a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1).
11c. Is the zygomaticofacial nerve a branch of the mandibular nerve? $ False.

According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the zygomaticofacial nerve is a branch
of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2).
11d. Is the auriculotemporal nerve a branch of the mandibular nerve? $ True.

According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the auriculotemporal nerve is a branch
of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
11e. Is the zygomaticotemporal nerve a branch of the mandibular nerve? $ False.

According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the zygomaticotemporal nerve is a
branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2).
12a. Is the zygomaticotemporal nerve a branch of the maxillary nerve? $ True.

According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the zygomaticotemporal nerve is a branch of
the maxillary nerve, along with the zygomaticofacial and infraorbital nerves.
13a. Which division of the trigeminal nerve supplies the middle area above the
nose? $ Ophthalmic division (V1). According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the
infratrochlear nerve,
16a. Does the greater occipital nerve supply the vertex of the scalp? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the greater occipital nerve supplies
the posterior scalp, not the vertex.
16b. Does the third occipital nerve supply the vertex of the scalp? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the third occipital nerve supplies the
lower occipital and suboccipital regions, not the vertex.
16c. Does the auriculotemporal nerve supply the vertex of the scalp? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the auriculotemporal nerve supplies
the anterior to the auricle, posterior two-thirds of the temporal region, and skin
of the tragus, not the vertex.
16d. Does the supraorbital nerve supply the vertex of the scalp? $ False. According
to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the supraorbital nerve supplies the forehead and
anterior scalp, not the vertex.
16e. Does the supratrochlear nerve supply the vertex of the scalp? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the supratrochlear nerve supplies the
medial aspect of the superior eyelid and the anteromedial forehead, not the vertex.
17a. Does corneal sensation synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion? $ False.
17b. Does corneal sensation synapse in the geniculate ganglion? $ False.
17c. Does corneal sensation synapse in the otic ganglion? $ False.
17d. Does corneal sensation synapse in the ciliary ganglion? $ True. According to
Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the nasociliary nerve passes through the ciliary
ganglion, which is the site of synapse for the corneal reflex.
17e. Does corneal sensation synapse in the trigeminal ganglion? $ True. According
to Gray's Anatomy for Students, the corneal reflex is mediated by the ophthalmic
division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1).
18a. Does the aryepiglottic muscle control vocal cord abduction in the larynx? $
False. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the aryepiglottic muscle aids
in the closure of the larynx during swallowing.
18b. Does the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle control vocal cord abduction in the
larynx? $ True. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the posterior
cricoarytenoid muscle is the only muscle that abducts the vocal cords.
18c. Do the transverse arytenoid muscles control vocal cord abduction in the
larynx? $ False. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the transverse
arytenoid muscles aid in the sphincter-like closure of the larynx during
swallowing.
18d. Does the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle control vocal cord abduction in the
larynx? $ False. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the lateral
cricoarytenoid muscle adducts the vocal cords.
18e. Does the cricothyroid muscle control vocal cord abduction in the larynx? $
False. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the cricothyroid muscle tenses
the vocal cords, but does not control their abduction.
19a. Is the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle involved in vocal cord movement? $

True. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the posterior cricoarytenoid
muscle is the only muscle that abducts the vocal cords.
19b. Is the cricothyroid muscle involved in vocal cord movement? $ True. According
to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the cricothyroid muscle tenses the vocal cords,
contributing to their control during phonation.
19c. Is the vocalis muscle involved in vocal cord movement? $ True. According to
Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the vocalis muscle is involved in fine adjustments
of the vocal cords during phonation.
19d. Is the thyroarytenoid muscle involved in vocal cord movement? $ True.

According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the thyroarytenoid muscle relaxes the
vocal cords, contributing to their control during phonation.
19e. Are the aryepiglottic muscles involved in vocal cord movement? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the aryepiglottic muscle aids in
closure of the larynx during swallowing, but is not involved in vocal cord
movement.
20a. Is swallowing entirely voluntary? $ False. According to Ganong's Review of

Medical Physiology, the initial stage of swallowing is voluntary, but the
subsequent stages are involuntary.
20b. Is the oropharyngeal portion of swallowing voluntary? $ True. According to

Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing
is under voluntary control.
20c. Does peristalsis speed up as the bolus descends during swallowing? $ True.
According to Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, peristalsis accelerates as the
bolus descends through the esophagus.
20d. Does the voluntary stage of swallowing commence as food enters the esophagus?
$ False. According to Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, the voluntary stage of
swallowing ends when the bolus passes through the pharynx and enters the esophagus.
20e. Is swallowing initially voluntary and then involuntary? $ True. According to

Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, the initial stage of swallowing is
voluntary, but the subsequent stages are involuntary.
21a. Do all extraocular muscles attach to the tendinous ring? $ False. According to
Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, all four rectus muscles attach to the tendinous
ring, but the superior and inferior oblique muscles do not.
21b. Does the superior oblique muscle attach to the ethmoid bone? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the superior oblique muscle attaches
to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.
21c. Does the lacrimal gland occupy the fossa on the medial sides of the eye? $
False. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the lacrimal gland is located
in the superolateral part of the orbit, and the lacrimal duct is medial.
22a. Do veins in the skull follow arteries? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy,
veins in the skull do not follow arteries.
22b. Do veins in the skull lie subdurally? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy,
veins in the skull run in the subarachnoid space and cross the subdural space to
drain into the nearest available venous sinus of the dura mater.
22c. Does the great cerebral vein drain into the cavernous sinus? $ False.
According to Last's Anatomy, the great cerebral vein drains into the straight
sinus.
23a. Does the superior cerebral vein lie deep in the sulci? $ True. According to
Last's Anatomy, the superior cerebral vein lies deep in the sulci of the brain.
23b. Does the superior cerebral vein lie between the dura and the skull? $ False.
According to Last's Anatomy, the sinuses lie between the dura and the skull, not
the superior cerebral vein.
23c. Does the superior cerebral vein lie in the arachnoid mater? $ True. According
to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the superior cerebral vein lies in the arachnoid
mater.
23d. Does the superior cerebral vein lie in the margins of the falx? $ False.
According to Last's Anatomy, the sinuses lie in the margins of the falx, not the
superior cerebral vein.
23e. Does the superior cerebral vein follow the superior cerebral artery? $ False.
According to Last's Anatomy, veins do not follow arteries in the brain.
24a. Does the internal jugular vein run from the angle of the jaw to the proximal
end of the clavicle? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the internal jugular vein
runs from the jugular foramen to the venous angle formed by the union of the
subclavian and internal jugular veins.
24b. Does the internal jugular vein run deep to the two heads of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the internal
jugular vein runs deep to the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in its
inferior third.
24c. Is the internal jugular vein medial to the artery? $ False. According to
Last's Anatomy, the internal jugular vein is lateral to the carotid artery.
24d. Does the internal jugular vein run in close proximity to the thoracic duct? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy, the left internal jugular vein drains into the
confluence of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins, which is close
to the thoracic duct.
The hypoglossal artery does not exist in humans. Therefore, the answer is (d)
hypoglossal artery.
1a. Is the lingual artery a branch of the external carotid artery? $ True.
According to Gray's Anatomy, the lingual artery is a branch of the external carotid
artery.
1b. Is the facial artery a branch of the external carotid artery? $ True. According
to Gray's Anatomy, the facial artery is a branch of the external carotid artery.
1c. Is the ascending pharyngeal artery a branch of the external carotid artery? $
True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the ascending pharyngeal artery is a branch of
the external carotid artery.
According to Gray's Anatomy, the hypoglossal artery does not exist in humans.
1e. Is the superior thyroid artery a branch of the external carotid artery? $ True.
According to Gray's Anatomy, the superior thyroid artery is a branch of the
external carotid artery.
26a. Do arteries from both the external and internal carotid arteries supply the
scalp? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, arteries from both the
external carotid artery (superficial temporal artery, occipital artery, and
posterior auricular artery) and internal carotid artery (supratrochlear artery and
supraorbital artery from the ophthalmic artery) supply the scalp.
27. Which of the following statements regarding Kiesselbach's plexus is true? $ The
answer may vary depending on the stem statement. Please provide the full statement.
28a. Is Kiesselbach's area a plexus of vessels on the lateral wall prone to

epistaxis? $ False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, Kiesselbach's plexus is
a plexus of vessels on the anteroinferior portion of the nasal septum commonly
involved in chronic epistaxis.
28b. Is the major contributor to nasal blood supply the sphenopalatine artery? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy, the sphenopalatine artery is the major
contributor to the blood supply of the lateral wall of the nose.
28c. Is the nasal blood supply solely by branches of the internal carotid arteries?
$ False. According to Last's Anatomy, the nasal blood supply involves branches of
both the external carotid artery (sphenopalatine artery, anterior and posterior
ethmoidal arteries, greater palatine artery, superior labial artery, and lateral
nasal branches of the facial artery) and internal carotid artery (anterior and
posterior ethmoidal arteries and supratrochlear artery).
28d. Is the nasal blood supply solely by branches of the external carotid arteries?
$ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the nasal blood supply is
principally by branches of the external carotid artery.
28e. Is the blood supply to the nasal septum poor? $ False. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the blood supply to the nasal septum is rich, which is why
Kiesselbach's plexus is located there and prone to bleeding.
29. Which of the following is NOT found in the posterior triangle of the neck?
a. Branches of the cervical plexus
b. Occipital lymph nodes
c. Accessory nerve
d. Cervical plexus
e. Inferior belly of omohyoid
$ Answer: (d) Cervical plexus is not found in the posterior triangle of the neck.
The cervical plexus is mainly located in the neck's lateral region, and its
branches extend into the posterior triangle.
30a. Does the mandible form the submental triangle? $ True. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the submental triangle is formed by the mandible, midline, and
hyoid bone (or both anterior bellies of digastrics with the hyoid bone).
30b. Does the mandible form the anterior triangle? $ True. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the anterior triangle is formed by the mandible, midline, and
sternocleidomastoid muscle.
30c. Does the mandible form the digastric triangle (also known as the submandibular
triangle)? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the digastric triangle is
formed by the mandible, the anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscles.
30d. Does the sternocleidomastoid muscle form the carotid triangle? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the carotid triangle is formed by the
sternocleidomastoid muscle, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the
superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.
30e. Does the clavicle form the anterior triangle? $ True. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the anterior triangle is formed by the mandible, midline,
sternocleidomastoid muscle, and clavicle.
31. Which of the following is NOT a content of the posterior triangle?

a. Accessory nerve
b. Cervical plexus
c. Inferior belly of omohyoid
d. Transverse cervical vessels
e. Occipital lymph nodes
$ Answer: (b) Cervical plexus is not a content of the posterior triangle. The
cervical plexus lies in the neck's lateral region, and its branches extend into the
posterior triangle.
32a. Is the superior thyroid vein contained in the carotid triangle? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superior thyroid vein is contained
32b. Is the posterior auricular artery contained in the carotid triangle? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the posterior auricular artery is a branch
of the external carotid artery and is located superior to the posterior belly of
the digastric muscle, so it is not contained within the carotid triangle.
32c. Is the external laryngeal nerve contained in the carotid triangle? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the external laryngeal nerve is contained
32d. Is the superior root of the ansa cervicalis contained in the carotid triangle?
$ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superior root of the ansa
cervicalis is contained within the carotid triangle.
32e. Is the bifurcation of the common carotid artery contained in the carotid
triangle? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the bifurcation of the
common carotid artery is contained within the carotid triangle.
33a. Is the nerve not located between the carotid artery and internal jugular vein
in the carotid sheath? $ False. According to Gray's Anatomy, the nerve is always
located between the carotid artery and internal jugular vein in the carotid sheath.
33b. Is the carotid sheath thinnest on the side of the arteries? $ False. According
to Gray's Anatomy, the carotid sheath is thinnest on the side of the veins.
33c. Does the carotid sheath contain the common carotid artery? $ True. According
to Gray's Anatomy, the carotid sheath contains the common carotid artery.
33d. Does the carotid sheath contain the internal carotid artery? $ True. According
to Gray's Anatomy, the carotid sheath contains the internal carotid artery.
33e. Does the carotid sheath contain the internal jugular vein? $ True. According
to Gray's Anatomy, the carotid sheath contains the internal jugular vein.
33f. Does the carotid sheath not contain the vagus nerve? $ False. According to
Gray's Anatomy, the vagus nerve is contained within the carotid sheath.
33g. Does the carotid sheath not contain nodes? $ True. According to Gray's
Anatomy, the carotid sheath does not contain nodes.
33h. Does the carotid sheath contain the carotid sinus nerve and sympathetic nerve
fibers? $ True. According to Gray's Anatomy, the carotid sheath contains the
carotid sinus nerve and sympathetic nerve fibers.
34. Which bone makes up part of the roof of the orbit? $ Answer: (b) Maxilla.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the maxilla bone makes up the floor of the
orbit.
35. What runs through the foramen spinosum? $ Answer: (a) Internal carotid artery.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the foramen spinosum transmits the middle
meningeal artery and vein, as well as the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve,
but the internal carotid artery does not pass through this foramen.
36. Which vessel supplies a branch that passes through the foramen spinosum? $
Answer: (a) Maxillary artery. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the middle
meningeal artery, a branch of the maxillary artery, passes through the foramen
spinosum.
37. What exits the stylomastoid foramen? $ Answer: (c) Facial nerve. According to
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the facial nerve exits the skull via the stylomastoid
foramen.
38. Which structure does not travel through the jugular foramen? $ Answer: (a)
Hypoglossal nerve. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the hypoglossal nerve
travels through the hypoglossal canal/foramen, while the accessory nerve,
glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and internal jugular vein all pass through the
jugular foramen. The inferior petrosal sinus also drains through the jugular
foramen.
35a. Does the internal carotid artery run through the foramen spinosum? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the internal carotid artery does not pass
through the foramen spinosum. This foramen transmits the middle meningeal artery
and vein, as well as the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve.
35b. Does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve run through the foramen
rotundum? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the maxillary branch of
the trigeminal nerve passes through the foramen rotundum.
35c. Does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve run through the foramen
ovale? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the mandibular branch of the
trigeminal nerve passes through the foramen ovale.
35d. Does the middle meningeal artery run through the foramen spinosum? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the middle meningeal artery passes through
the foramen spinosum.
36. Does the maxillary artery supply a branch that passes through the foramen
spinosum? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the middle meningeal
artery, a branch of the maxillary artery, passes through the foramen spinosum.
37a. Does the middle meningeal artery exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen?
$ False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the middle meningeal artery does
not exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen. This foramen transmits the facial
nerve.
37b. Does the accessory nerve exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the accessory nerve exits the skull via the
37c. Does the facial nerve exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the facial nerve exits the skull via the
37d. Does the artery to stapedius exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the artery to stapedius does not exit
the skull via the stylomastoid foramen. This artery enters the petrotympanic
fissure.
37e. Does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the hypoglossal nerve does not exit
the skull via the stylomastoid foramen. This nerve passes through the hypoglossal
canal/foramen.
38a. Does the hypoglossal nerve pass through the jugular foramen? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the hypoglossal nerve does not pass through
the jugular foramen. This nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal/foramen.
38b. Does the accessory nerve pass through the jugular foramen? $ True. According
to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the accessory nerve passes through the jugular
foramen.
38c. Does the inferior petrosal sinus pass through the jugular foramen? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the inferior petrosal sinus drains through
38d. Does the glossopharyngeal nerve pass through the jugular foramen? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the glossopharyngeal nerve passes through
38e. Does the vagus nerve pass through the jugular foramen? $ True. According to
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the vagus nerve passes through the jugular foramen.
39. Would a fracture through the roof of the maxillary sinus result in sensory loss
to the upper molar teeth? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the
through the roof of the maxillary sinus. Fractures through this area can damage the
nerves and result in sensory loss.
40a. Would a fracture through the floor of the maxillary sinus cause loss of
sensation of the upper molars? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the
through the floor of the maxillary sinus. Fractures through this area can damage
the nerves and result in sensory loss.
40b. Would a fracture through the floor of the maxillary sinus cause loss of
sensation of the canines and incisors? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, the infraorbital nerve, a branch of the maxillary nerve (CNV2), supplies
sensory innervation to the canines and incisors of the upper teeth. Damage to the
nerve from a fracture through the floor of the maxillary sinus can result in
sensory loss.
41a. Does the

frontal sinus enter into the inferior meatus of the nose? $ False. According to
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the frontal sinus drains into the middle meatus of the
nose.
41b. Does the ethmoidal sinus enter into the inferior meatus of the nose? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the ethmoidal sinus drains into the superior
meatus of the nose.
41c. Does the maxillary sinus enter into the inferior meatus of the nose? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the maxillary sinus drains into the middle
meatus of the nose.
41d. Does the nasolacrimal duct enter into the inferior meatus of the nose? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the nasolacrimal duct drains into the
inferior meatus of the nose.
41e. Does the inferior alveolar nerve enter into the inferior meatus of the nose? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch
of the mandibular nerve (CNV3), provides sensory innervation to the lower teeth and
jaw. It does not enter into the nasal cavity.
The incorrect statement concerning a typical intercostal nerve is:
c. Its collateral branch has no cutaneous distribution.
This statement is incorrect because the collateral branch of an intercostal nerve

does have cutaneous distribution, supplying the skin of the thoracic wall.
42a. Do the alar ligaments connect the bodies of the axis to the foramen magnum? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the alar ligaments extend from the
sides of the dens of the axis to the margins of the foramen magnum.
42b. Do the alar ligaments connect the dens to the foramen magnum? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the alar ligaments extend from the sides of
the dens of the axis to the margins of the foramen magnum.
42c. Do the alar ligaments connect adjacent vertebral bodies posteriorly? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the posterior longitudinal ligament connects
adjacent vertebral bodies posteriorly.
42d. Do the alar ligaments connect the tips of adjacent spinous processes? $ False.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the supraspinous ligament connects the tips
of adjacent spinous processes.
42e. Do the alar ligaments connect adjacent laminae? $ False. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the ligamentum flavum connects adjacent laminae.
43a. Is the floor of the nasal cavity the cribriform plate? $ False. According to
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the palatine
processes of the maxilla.
43b. Is the roof of the nasal cavity the frontonasal/ethmoid bone? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the roof of the nasal cavity is formed by
the ethmoid bone, including the cribriform plate, and the frontal bone. The
sphenoid bone also contributes to the posterior part of the roof.
43c. Is the medial wall of the nasal cavity the nasal septum? $ True. According to
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the nasal septum forms the medial wall of the nasal
cavity.
43d. Are the lateral walls of the nasal cavity formed by the superior, middle, and
inferior conchae? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the lateral walls
of the nasal cavity are formed by the superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae.
44a. Do premolars have more than 3 cusps? $ False. According to Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, premolars typically have two cusps, while molars have three or more cusps.
44b. Do deciduous teeth erupt between 1-3 years? $ False. According to Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, deciduous teeth, also known as baby teeth or primary teeth,
usually erupt between 6-30 months of age.
44c. Does the root canal transmit the nerves and vessels to and from the pulp
cavity via the apical foramen? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the
root canal of a tooth contains the pulp cavity, which is supplied with nerves and
vessels via the apical foramen at the base of the root.
7. Is it true that corneal sensation synapses in the trigeminal ganglion? $ True.

According to Last's Anatomy, the trigeminal nerve carries sensory fibers from the
cornea.
8a. Is it true that the submandibular ganglion receives fibers from the superior
salivatory nucleus? $ True. According to Table 9.4 in Last's Anatomy, the
submandibular ganglion receives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the
superior salivatory nucleus.
8b. Is it true that the submandibular ganglion has a motor (parasympathetic) root
that is carried with the facial nerve? $ False. According to the same table, the
submandibular ganglion has a motor (parasympathetic) root that is carried with the
chorda tympani nerve, which is a branch of the facial nerve.
8c. Is it false that the sympathetic root of the submandibular ganglion carries
fibers that supply the ciliary muscle of the eye? $ True. According to the same
table, the sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion that pass through
the submandibular ganglion do not supply the ciliary muscle of the eye. Instead,
they appear to be secretomotor and supply the submandibular and sublingual glands.
8d. Is it false that the sensory root of the submandibular ganglion has its cell
bodies in the ganglion of the seventh cranial nerve? $ True. According to Last's
Anatomy, the submandibular ganglion does not have a sensory root. Somatosensory
cell bodies for the face are located in the trigeminal ganglion.
8e. Is it false that the submandibular ganglion distributes to the nasal mucosa? $
True. According to the same table, the submandibular ganglion does not distribute
to the nasal mucosa. The parasympathetic fibers that supply blood vessels of the
nasal cavity come from the pterygopalatine ganglion.
8f. Is it true that the submandibular ganglion is not involved in the salivation
reflex? $ False. According to the same table, the submandibular ganglion is part of
the salivation reflex and supplies the submandibular and sublingual glands with
secretomotor fibers.
9. Is it false that cell bodies for the motor supply of the trigeminal nerve lie in
the midbrain? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the motor nucleus of the
trigeminal nerve is located in the pons.
10. Is it true that cell bodies for the motor supply of the facial nerve lie in the
pons? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the facial nucleus, which contains the
cell bodies for the motor supply of the facial nerve, is located in the pons.
11. Which is a direct connection from the vestibular nucleus? $ The vestibulospinal
tract. According to Last's Anatomy, the vestibular nucleus sends fibers to the
vestibulospinal tract, which is involved in the control of posture and balance.
12. Is it true that cell bodies with efferent taste fibers from the anterior tongue
lie in the geniculate ganglion? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the geniculate
ganglion contains the cell bodies for the efferent taste fibers of the facial nerve
that supply the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
13a. Is it false that the ciliary ganglion contains sympathetic fibers from the
upper cervical trunks? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the ciliary ganglion
contains parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve and sympathetic fibers
from the superior cervical ganglion.
13b. Is it true that the cell bodies for the ciliary ganglion are in the superior
cervical ganglion? $ False. According to the same source, the cell bodies for the
ciliary ganglion are in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, which is located in the
midbrain.
13c. Is it false that the ciliary ganglion receives branches from the lingual
nerve? $ True. According to the same source, the ciliary ganglion does not receive
branches from the lingual nerve.
13d. Is it false that the ciliary ganglion receives afferents from the facial
nerve? $ True. According to the same source, the ciliary ganglion does not receive
afferents from the facial nerve.
14. Which is not an area that, when interrupted, can result in Horner's syndrome? $
Post-sympathetic fibers. According to Last's Anatomy, Horner's syndrome results
from interruption of the sympathetic pathway, which runs from the hypothalamus to
the spinal cord.
15a. Is it false that the tentorium cerebelli separates the right and left halves
of the cerebellum? $ True. According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, the
tentorium cerebelli forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa and separates the
cerebellum from the cerebrum.
15b. Is it true that the temporal lobe occupies the middle cranial fossa? $ True.
According to the same source, the temporal lobe is located in the middle cranial
fossa.
15c. Is it false that the falx cerebri separates the occipital lobes from the
cerebellum? $ True. According to the same source, the falx cerebri is a fold of the
dura mater that separates the two cerebral hemispheres.
15d. Is it false that the central sulcus separates the occipital from parietal
lobes? $ True. According to the same source, the central sulcus separates the
frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
15e. Is it true that the occipital lobe is posterior to the lateral sulcus? $ True.
According to the same source, the occipital lobe is located posterior to the
lateral sulcus (also known as the Sylvian fissure), which separates the temporal
lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.
14. Which area does not cause Horner's syndrome when interrupted? $ Post-
sympathetic fibers. According to Last's Anatomy, Horner's syndrome results from
interruption of the sympathetic pathway, which runs from the hypothalamus to the
spinal cord. Therefore, post-sympathetic fibers are not involved in the development
of Horner's syndrome.
10. Is it true that cell bodies for the motor supply of the facial nerve lie in the
pons? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the facial nucleus, which contains the
cell bodies for the motor supply of the facial nerve, is located in the pons.
11. Which is a direct connection from the vestibular nucleus? $ The vestibulospinal
tract. According to Last's Anatomy, the vestibular nucleus sends fibers to the
vestibulospinal tract, which is involved in the control of posture and balance.
12. Is it true that cell bodies with efferent taste fibers from the anterior tongue
lie in the geniculate ganglion? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the geniculate
ganglion contains the cell bodies for the efferent taste fibers of the facial nerve
that supply the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Is it true that the motor nuclei of the facial nerve are found in the facial
nucleus located in the pons? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the motor nuclei
of the facial nerve are located in the facial nucleus, which is in the pons.
Is it false that the motor nuclei of the facial nerve are found in the
hypothalamus? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the motor nuclei of the facial
nerve are not located in the hypothalamus.
Is it false that the motor nuclei of the facial nerve are found in the midbrain? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy, the motor nuclei of the facial nerve are not
located in the midbrain.
Is it false that the motor nuclei of the facial nerve are found in the floor of the
third ventricle? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the motor nuclei of the
facial nerve are not located in the floor of the third ventricle.
Is it false that the motor nuclei of the facial nerve are found in the medulla
oblongata? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the motor nuclei of the facial
nerve are not located in the medulla oblongata.
Is it false that the motor nuclei of the facial nerve are found in the tectum? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy, the motor nuclei of the facial nerve are not
located in the tectum.
Is it false that the motor nuclei of the facial nerve are found in the cerebellum?
$ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the motor nuclei of the facial nerve are not
located in the cerebellum.
Is it true that a direct connection from the vestibular nucleus is the

vestibulospinal tract? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the vestibular nucleus
sends fibers to the vestibulospinal tract, which is involved in the control of
posture and balance.
Is it false that a direct connection from the vestibular nucleus is the oculomotor
nerve? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the oculomotor nerve does not have a
direct connection to the vestibular nucleus.
Is it false that a direct connection from the vestibular nucleus is the medial
longitudinal fasciculus? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the medial
longitudinal fasciculus is a pathway connecting the vestibular nuclei with the
oculomotor nuclei.
Is it false that a direct connection from the vestibular nucleus is the lateral
lemniscus? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the lateral lemniscus is a pathway
involved in the auditory system.
geniculate body? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the medial geniculate body is
involved in the auditory system and is not directly connected to the vestibular
nucleus.
Is it true that a direct connection from the vestibular nucleus is the

vestibulospinal tract? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the vestibular nucleus
sends fibers to the vestibulospinal tract, which is involved in the control of
posture and balance.
Is it false that a direct connection from the vestibular nucleus is the oculomotor
nerve? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the oculomotor nerve does not have a
direct connection to the vestibular nucleus.
longitudinal fasciculus? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the medial
longitudinal fasciculus is a pathway connecting the vestibular nuclei with the
oculomotor nuclei.
Is it false that a direct connection from the vestibular nucleus is the lateral
lemniscus? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the lateral lemniscus is a pathway
involved in the auditory system.
geniculate body? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the medial geniculate body is
involved in the auditory system and is not directly connected to the vestibular
nucleus.
13. Is it true that the ciliary ganglion receives branches from the lingual nerve?
$ False. According to Last's Anatomy, the ciliary ganglion receives parasympathetic
fibers from the oculomotor nerve, but not branches from the lingual nerve.
Is it true that cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion are associated with
the ciliary ganglion? $ Possibly true. According to Last's Anatomy, sympathetic
fibers from the superior cervical ganglion pass through the ciliary ganglion
without synapsing, but the two ganglia are not directly associated with each other.
Is it false that the ciliary ganglion receives afferents from CN VII? $ True.
According to Last's Anatomy, the ciliary ganglion is associated with the oculomotor
nerve and does not receive afferents from the facial nerve.
14. Which area does not cause Horner's syndrome when interrupted? $ Post-
sympathetic fibers. According to Last's Anatomy, Horner's syndrome results from
interruption of the sympathetic pathway, which runs from the hypothalamus to the
spinal cord. Therefore, post-sympathetic fibers are not involved in the development
of Horner's syndrome.
15. Which statement regarding the CNS is true? $ The occipital lobe is posterior to
the lateral sulcus. According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, the occipital
lobe is located posterior to the lateral sulcus, which separates the temporal lobe
from the parietal lobe. The falx cerebri separates the two cerebral hemispheres,
not the occipital lobe from the cerebellum. The central sulcus separates the
frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, not the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe.
The tentorium cerebelli forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa and separates
the cerebellum from the cerebral hemispheres, not the cerebellum itself.
13. Is it true that the ciliary ganglion contains sympathetic fibers from the upper
cervical trunks? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy, the ciliary ganglion
receives parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve, but not sympathetic
fibers from the upper cervical trunks.
Is it possibly true that the cell bodies associated with the ciliary ganglion are
located in the superior cervical ganglion? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy,
sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion pass through the ciliary
ganglion without synapsing, but the two ganglia are not directly associated with
each other.
Is it false that the ciliary ganglion receives branches from the lingual nerve? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy, the ciliary ganglion receives parasympathetic
fibers from the oculomotor nerve, but not branches from the lingual nerve.
Is it false that the ciliary ganglion receives afferents from CN VII? $ True.
According to Last's Anatomy, the ciliary ganglion is associated with the oculomotor
nerve and does not receive afferents from the facial nerve.
14. Which of the following areas does not cause Horner's syndrome when interrupted?
$ Post-sympathetic fibers. According to Last's Anatomy, Horner's syndrome results
from interruption of the sympathetic pathway, which runs from the hypothalamus to
the spinal cord. Therefore, post-sympathetic fibers are not involved in the
development of Horner's syndrome.
15. Which of the following statements regarding the CNS is true? $ The occipital
lobe is posterior to the lateral sulcus. According to Moore's Clinically Oriented
Anatomy, the occipital lobe is located posterior to the lateral sulcus, which
separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe. The tentorium cerebelli forms
the roof of the posterior cranial fossa and separates the cerebellum from the
cerebral hemispheres, not the cerebellum itself. The falx cerebri separates the two
cerebral hemispheres, not the occipital lobe from the cerebellum. The central
sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, not the occipital lobe
from the parietal lobe. The temporal lobe occupies the middle cranial fossa, but it
is not the only structure occupying this fossa.
Sure, here are the reformulated questions:
13a. Does the ciliary ganglion contain sympathetic fibers from the upper cervical
trunks? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy, the ciliary ganglion receives
parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve, but not sympathetic fibers from
the upper cervical trunks.
13b. Are the cell bodies associated with the ciliary ganglion located in the
superior cervical ganglion? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, sympathetic fibers
from the superior cervical ganglion pass through the ciliary ganglion without
synapsing, but the two ganglia are not directly associated with each other.
13c. Does the ciliary ganglion receive branches from the lingual nerve? $ False.
According to Last's Anatomy, the ciliary ganglion receives parasympathetic fibers
from the oculomotor nerve, but not branches from the lingual nerve.
13d. Does the ciliary ganglion receive afferents from CN VII? $ False. According to
Last's Anatomy, the ciliary ganglion is associated with the oculomotor nerve and
does not receive afferents from the facial nerve.
14a. Can interruption of the T1 area cause Horner's syndrome? $ False. According to
Last's Anatomy, Horner's syndrome results from interruption of the sympathetic
pathway, which runs from the hypothalamus to the spinal cord. The T1 area is part
of the sympathetic pathway, so interruption of this area can cause Horner's
syndrome.
14b. Can interruption of the brainstem cause Horner's syndrome? $ True. According
to Last's Anatomy, interruption of the sympathetic pathway at any point between the
hypothalamus and the spinal cord can cause Horner's syndrome, including
interruption in the brainstem.
14c. Can interruption of post-sympathetic fibers cause Horner's syndrome? $ False.

According to Last's Anatomy, Horner's syndrome results from interruption of the
sympathetic pathway, which runs from the hypothalamus to the spinal cord. Post-
sympathetic fibers are not involved in the development of Horner's syndrome.
15a. Does the tentorium cerebelli separate the right and left halves of the
cerebellum? $ False. According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, the
tentorium cerebelli forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa and separates the
cerebellum from the cerebrum, but it does not divide the cerebellum into right and
left halves. The falx cerebri, on the other hand, separates the two cerebral
hemispheres.
15b. Does the temporal lobe occupy the middle cranial fossa? $ True. According to
Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, the temporal lobe is located in the middle
cranial fossa, along with the frontal and parietal lobes.
15c. Does the falx cerebri separate the occipital lobes from the cerebellum? $
False. According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, the falx cerebri separates
the two cerebral hemispheres, not the occipital lobes from the cerebellum. The
tentorium cerebelli separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.
15d. Does the central sulcus separate the occipital from the parietal lobes? $
False. According to Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, the central sulcus
separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, not the occipital lobe from the
parietal lobe.
15e. Is the occipital lobe posterior to the lateral sulcus? $ True. According to
Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, the occipital lobe is located posterior to the
lateral sulcus, which separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe. The
occipito-parietal sulcus separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe.
13a. Does transection of the anterolateral spinal cord result in ipsilateral

weakness, hyperreflexia, and hypertonia? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy,
transection of the anterolateral spinal cord results in the loss of pain and
temperature on the contralateral side, as well as ipsilateral weakness,
hyperreflexia, and hypertonia.
13b. Does transection of the anterolateral spinal cord result in ipsilateral loss
of pain? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy, transection of the anterolateral
spinal cord results in the loss of pain and temperature on the contralateral side,
not the ipsilateral side.
13c. Does transection of the anterolateral spinal cord result in ipsilateral loss
of temperature? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy, transection of the
anterolateral spinal cord results in the loss of pain and temperature on the
contralateral side, not the ipsilateral side.
13d. Does transection of the anterolateral spinal cord result in contralateral loss
of vibration? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, transection of the anterolateral
spinal cord results in the loss of pain and temperature on the contralateral side,
as well as contralateral loss of vibration and position sense.
14. Which of the following is true regarding a complete spinal transection? $ All
motor and sensory function below the level of the transection is lost. According to
Last's Anatomy, a complete spinal transection results in the loss of all motor and
sensory function below the level of the transection.
15a. Which of the following do the posterior columns transmit? $ Tendon stretch and
vibration. According to Last's Anatomy, the posterior columns transmit
proprioceptive information, including tendon stretch and vibration.
15b. Which of the following do the posterior columns not transmit? $ Afferent pain
and temperature. According to Last's Anatomy, the posterior columns transmit
proprioceptive information, but not afferent pain and temperature.
15c. Which of the following do the posterior columns transmit? $ Afferent tendon
stretch impulses. According to Last's Anatomy, the posterior columns transmit
proprioceptive information, including afferent tendon stretch impulses.
15d. What type of information do the posterior columns not transmit? $ Motor
tracts. According to Last's Anatomy, the posterior columns transmit sensory
information, but not motor tracts.
16. Which of the following tracts is not involved in the control of posture and
movement? $ Tractus solitarius. According to Last's Anatomy, the tractus solitarius
is involved in the transmission of visceral sensory information, but not in the
control of posture and movement.
16b. Which of the following tracts is involved in the control of posture and
movement? $ Lateral reticulospinal tract. According to Last's Anatomy, the lateral
reticulospinal tract is involved in the control of posture and movement.
16c. Which of the following tracts is involved in the control of posture and
movement? $ Medial reticulospinal tract. According to Last's Anatomy, the medial
reticulospinal tract is involved in the control of posture and movement.
16d. Which of the following tracts is involved in the control of posture and
movement? $ Vestibulospinal tract. According to Last's Anatomy, the vestibulospinal
tract is involved in the control of posture and movement.
16e. Which of the following tracts is involved in the control of posture and
movement? $ Spinocerebellar tracts. According to Last's Anatomy, the
spinocerebellar tracts are involved in the control of posture and movement by
providing proprioceptive feedback to the cerebellum.
17. In what order are the layers pierced when performing a lumbar puncture? $ Skin,
subcutaneous tissue, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum
flavum, epidural space, dura mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space. According
to Last's Anatomy, the layers pierced when performing a lumbar puncture are the
skin, subcutaneous tissue, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum
flavum, epidural space, dura mater, arachnoid mater, and subarachnoid space.
1a. Is the gag reflex mediated by the vagus nerve for both afferent and efferent
pathways? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy, the gag reflex is mediated by the
glossopharyngeal nerve for afferent pathways and the vagus nerve for efferent
pathways.
1b. Is the glossopharyngeal nerve responsible for afferent pathways in the gag
reflex? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the glossopharyngeal nerve is
responsible for the afferent pathway in the gag reflex.
1c. Is the hypoglossal nerve responsible for afferent pathways in the gag reflex? $
False. According to Last's Anatomy, the hypoglossal nerve is not involved in the
gag reflex.
1d. Is the maxillary nerve responsible for afferent pathways in the gag reflex? $
False. According to Last's Anatomy, the maxillary nerve is not involved in the gag
reflex.
1e. Does the gag reflex involve closure of the glottis? $ False. According to
Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the gag reflex involves elevation of the soft
palate and contraction of the pharyngeal muscles, but not closure of the glottis.
2a. Is the afferent path of the sneeze reflex mediated by the ophthalmic nerve? $
True. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience and Saunders Comprehensive Review
for the NCLEX-RN Exam, the superior portion of the nasal mucosa is innervated by
the ophthalmic nerve, which is part of the trigeminal nerve and serves as the
afferent pathway for the sneeze reflex.
2b. Is the afferent path of the sneeze reflex mediated by the maxillary nerve? $
True. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience and Saunders Comprehensive Review
for the NCLEX-RN Exam, the inferior portion of the nasal mucosa is innervated by
the maxillary nerve, which is also part of the trigeminal nerve and serves as the
2c. Is the afferent path of the sneeze reflex mediated by the mandibular nerve? $
False. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience and Saunders Comprehensive
Review for the NCLEX-RN Exam, the mandibular nerve is not involved in the afferent
pathway of the sneeze reflex.
2d. Is the afferent path of the sneeze reflex mediated by the vagus nerve? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience and Saunders Comprehensive Review for
the NCLEX-RN Exam, the vagus nerve is not involved in the afferent pathway of the
sneeze reflex.
2e. Is the afferent path of the sneeze reflex mediated by the glossopharyngeal
nerve? $ False. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience and Saunders
Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN Exam, the glossopharyngeal nerve is not
involved in the afferent pathway of the sneeze reflex.
3a. Is the levator palpebrae muscle innervated by CN VII? $ False. According to

Last's Anatomy, the levator palpebrae muscle is innervated by the oculomotor nerve
(CN III).
3b. Is the superior oblique muscle innervated by CN IV? $ True. According to Last's
Anatomy, the superior oblique muscle is innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN IV).
4a. Does the combined inferior rectus and superior oblique muscle movement result
in lateral gaze? $ False. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the combined
movement of the inferior rectus and superior oblique muscles results in direct
downward gaze.
4b. Does abducent paralysis make the eye turn down and out? $ False. According to
Last's Anatomy, abducent paralysis makes the eye turn in.
4c. Does the superior rectus muscle make the eye turn up and out? $ True. According
to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the superior rectus muscle moves the eye upward
and outward.
4d. Does trochlear nerve paralysis prevent the eye from looking downward when
turned out? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, trochlear nerve paralysis prevents
the eye from looking downward when turned out.
4e. Do the superior oblique and inferior rectus muscles move the eye downwards? $
True. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the superior oblique and
inferior rectus muscles move the eye downwards.
4g. Is the superior oblique action minimal in full abduction? $ True. According to
Last's Anatomy, the superior oblique action is minimal in full abduction of the
eye.
4h. Do the superior rectus and inferior oblique muscles move the eye vertically
upwards? $ True. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the combined movement
of the
6a. Is the zygomaticotemporal nerve a branch of the mandibular nerve? $ False.

According to Old Moore's, the zygomaticotemporal nerve is a branch of the maxillary
nerve.
6b. Is the infraorbital nerve a branch of the mandibular nerve? $ False. According
to Old Moore's, the infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve.
6c. Is the infratrochlear nerve a branch of the mandibular nerve? $ False.

According to Old Moore's, the infratrochlear nerve is not a branch of the
mandibular nerve.
7. Is the vagus nerve contained within the carotid sheath? $ True. According to
Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the vagus nerve is contained within the carotid
sheath along with the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein.
8a. Does the otic ganglion receive afferents in the sneeze reflex? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the otic ganglion is not involved in
the afferent pathway of the sneeze reflex.
8b. Does the trigeminal ganglion receive afferents in the sneeze reflex? $ True.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the trigeminal ganglion serves as the
8c. Does the ciliary ganglion receive afferents in the sneeze reflex? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the ciliary ganglion is not involved
in the afferent pathway of the sneeze reflex.
9. Which of the following is not a branch of the ophthalmic nerve? $ c.

Infraorbital. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the infraorbital nerve is a
branch of the maxillary nerve, not the ophthalmic nerve.

infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve.

of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

13a. Which nerve supplies the middle area above the nose? $ Infratrochlear nerve.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the infratrochlear nerve, which is
part of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1), supplies the
middle area above the nose.
13b. Which nerve supplies the area under the eye? $ Infraorbital nerve. According
to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the infraorbital nerve, which is part of the
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2), supplies the area under the
eye.
13c. Which nerve supplies the lacrimal apparatus to the tip of the nose? $
Nasolacrimal nerve. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the nasolacrimal nerve,
which is part of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1), supplies
the lacrimal apparatus to the tip of the nose.
14b. Is a branch from the cervical plexus the nerve supply of the head and neck? $
True. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the greater auricular and lesser
occipital nerves, which are sensory branches of the cervical plexus (C2-C4), supply
the head and neck.
14c. Is the abducent nerve the nerve supply of the head and neck? $ False.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the abducent nerve (CN VI) is
responsible for eye movement and is not involved in the nerve supply of the head
and neck.
9. Which of the following is not a branch of the ophthalmic nerve? $ c.

Infraorbital. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the infraorbital nerve is a
branch of the maxillary nerve, not the ophthalmic nerve.

infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve.

of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

13a. Which nerve supplies the middle area above the nose? $ Infratrochlear nerve.
According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the infratrochlear nerve, which is
part of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1), supplies the
middle area above the nose.
13b. Which nerve supplies the area under the eye? $ Infraorbital nerve. According
to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the infraorbital nerve, which is part of the
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2), supplies the area under the
eye.
13c. Which nerve supplies the lacrimal apparatus to the tip of the nose? $
Nasolacrimal nerve. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the nasolacrimal nerve,
which is part of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1), supplies
the lacrimal apparatus to the tip of the nose.
14b. Is a branch from the cervical plexus the nerve supply of the head and neck? $
True. According to Netter's Atlas of Neuroscience, the greater auricular and lesser
occipital nerves, which are sensory branches of the cervical plexus (C2-C4), supply
the head and neck.
15e. What does the infratrochlear nerve supply? $ The skin of the lower eyelid.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the infratrochlear nerve supplies the skin
of the lower eyelid.
Sure, here are the formulated true/false questions for each option:
46. Is it true that the capsule of the ankle joint is attached anteriorly to the
neck of the talus? $ True. According to p203 Last's Anatomy and p632 Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the capsule of the ankle joint is attached anteriorly to the neck
of the talus.
47. Is it false that the ligaments on the lateral aspect of the ankle are all
connected to the talus? $ True. According to p632 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the
ligaments on the lateral aspect of the ankle are not all connected to the talus,
but rather are attached to the calcaneus and talus.
48a. Is it true that the deltoid ligament is continuous with the spring ligament on
the medial side of the ankle? $ True. According to p702 Netter's Clinical Anatomy
and p632 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the deltoid ligament is continuous with the
spring ligament on the medial side of the ankle.
48b. Is it false that the great saphenous vein runs posterior to the malleolus? $
True. According to p702 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and p632 Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, the great saphenous vein runs anterior to the medial malleolus.
48c. Is it false that the anterior talofibular ligament strengthens the joint on
the medial side of the ankle? $ True. According to p702 Netter's Clinical Anatomy
and p632 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the anterior talofibular ligament is a ligament
on the lateral side of the ankle joint.
48d. Is it false that the posterior tibial artery runs anterior to the malleolus? $
Anatomy, the posterior tibial artery runs posterior to the medial malleolus.
48e. Is it false that the short plantar ligament strengthens the medial arch of the
foot? $ True. According to p702 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the short plantar
ligament is a ligament that helps to maintain the lateral arch of the foot.
49a. Is it false that the deltoid ligament strengthens the lateral aspect of the
ankle? $ True. According to p632 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the deltoid ligament
strengthens the medial aspect of the ankle.
49b. Is it false that the deltoid ligament has three layers? $ True. According to
p632 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the deltoid ligament has four layers: superficial,
intermediate, deep, and posterior tibiotalar.
49c. Is it true that the superficial part of the deltoid ligament is triangular? $
Anatomy, the superficial part of the deltoid ligament is triangular in shape.
50. Does inversion occur at the subtalar joint? $ True. According to p707 Netter's
Clinical Anatomy, inversion and eversion occur at the subtalar joint.
51a. Is it true that inversion/eversion occurs at the mid-tarsal joint? $ True.

According to p708 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the mid-tarsal joint augments
inversion and eversion movements of the subtalar joint.
51b. Is it false that dorsiflexion/plantarflexion occurs at the mid-tarsal joint? $

True. According to the same source, dorsiflexion and plantarflexion occur at the
ankle joint, not the mid-tarsal joint.
52a. Is it false that there are three ossification centers in the bones of the foot
at birth? $ True. According to Adam's answers, there are more than three
ossification centers in the bones of the foot at birth, including the calcaneus,
talus, cuboid, three tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
52b. Is it false that the fifth metatarsus has three ossification centers? $ False.
According to Blitz, the fifth metatarsus does have three ossification centers.
52c. Is it false that the metatarsals have two centers of ossification? $ False.
According to Blitz, the metatarsals have two centers of ossification.
52d. Is it true that the metatarsals have two ossification centers? $ True.
According to Adam's answers, the metatarsals have two centers of ossification,
while the other bones of the foot have more.
53a. Is it false that the lateral arch of the foot is formed by the calcaneus,
cuboid, and lateral two metatarsals? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the
lateral arch of the foot is formed by the calcaneus and the lateral three
metatarsals, not two.
53b. Is it true that the tibialis anterior is a major stabilizing factor of the
arch of the foot? $ True. According to Adam's answers, the tibialis anterior muscle
helps to stabilize the long arches of the foot.
53c. Is it false that bones contribute little to the stability of the arch of the
foot? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the bones of the foot contribute
significantly to the stability of the arches.
53d. Is it false that the pillars of the arch of the foot are the bases of the
metatarsals and the calcaneus? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the pillars of
the arch of the foot are the heads of the metatarsals and the posterior aspect of
the calcaneus.
53e. Is it true that the cuboid is not part of the medial arch of the foot? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the cuboid bone is not part of the medial
arch of the foot.
54a. Is it false that the tibia has one subcutaneous border? $ True. According to
Adam's answers, the tibia does not have a subcutaneous border.
54b. Is it true that the tibia has medial and lateral condyles at the proximal end?
$ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the tibia has medial and lateral
condyles at the proximal end.
54c. Is it false that the weight-bearing surfaces of the tibia are the medial
malleolus and talar shelf? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the weight-bearing
surface of the tibia is the medial malleolus, which helps to stabilize the ankle
joint.
54d. Is it false that the proximal fibula articulates with the shaft of the tibia?
$ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the proximal fibula forms a
syndesmosis with the tibia, not a true joint.
54e. Is it false that the intercondylar eminence of the tibia is located on the
anterior surface? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the intercondylar
eminence of the tibia is located on the superior surface.
1a. Is it false that the largest branch of the cerebral cortex blood supply is the
anterior branch of the ICA? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the largest branch
is the middle cerebral artery.
1b. Is it false that there are anterior, middle, and posterior branches of the ICA
that supply the cerebral cortex? $ False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy,
the anterior and middle cerebral arteries are branches of the ICA, but the
posterior cerebral artery comes off the basilar artery.
1c. Is it true that the posterior communication artery connects the middle cerebral
artery and the posterior cerebral artery? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical
Anatomy, the posterior communication artery connects the middle cerebral artery and
the posterior cerebral artery.
1d. Is it false that the basilar artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery?
$ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the basilar artery is formed from
the union of the vertebral arteries.
1e. Is it false that the middle cerebral artery supplies the contralateral arm,
leg, and speech areas? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the middle
cerebral artery supplies the contralateral motor and sensory functions to
everything except the leg, foot, perineum, and speech and auditory areas.
1f. Is it true that the anterior cerebral artery supplies the contralateral leg,
micturition, and defecation? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the anterior
cerebral artery supplies the contralateral leg, foot, perineum, micturition, and
defecation.
1g. Is it false that the middle cerebral artery supplies the ipsilateral arm, face,
and vision? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the middle cerebral
artery does not supply the ipsilateral arm, face, or vision.
1h. Is it false that the posterior cerebral artery supplies ipsilateral vision? $
False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the posterior cerebral artery
supplies ipsilateral vision.
1i. Is it false that the anterior cerebral artery supplies the contralateral leg,
auditory, and speech areas? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the
anterior cerebral artery supplies the contralateral leg, foot, perineum,
micturition, and defecation, but not auditory or speech areas.
2a. Is it false that the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries are
terminal branches of the ICA? $ False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the
anterior and middle cerebral arteries are terminal branches of the ICA, but the
posterior cerebral artery comes off the basilar artery.
2b. Is it false that the anterior cerebral artery is the most common site of
embolization? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the middle cerebral
artery is the most common site of embolization.
2c. Is it false that the anterior cerebral artery supplies the motor and sensory
control of urination and defecation? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy, the
anterior cerebral artery supplies the motor and sensory control of the
contralateral leg, foot, perineum, micturition, and defecation.
3a. Is it false that the anterior cerebral artery is the most direct branch of the
circle of Willis? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the middle
cerebral artery is the most direct branch.
3b. Is it false that the anterior cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, and
middle cerebral artery all come off the ICA? $ False. According to Netter's
Clinical Anatomy, the posterior cerebral artery comes off the basilar artery.
3c. Is it false that most emboli go to the PCA? $ True. According to Netter's
Clinical Anatomy, most emboli go to the MCA.
3d. Is it false that the MCA supplies the opposite head, arm, and sensory
functions? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the MCA supplies the
ipsilateral head, arm, and sensory functions.
3e. Is it false that the posterior cerebral artery is a branch of the internal
carotid artery? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the posterior
cerebral artery comes off the basilar artery.
3f. Is it false that the anterior cerebral artery is the largest branch of the
internal carotid artery? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the middle
cerebral artery is the largest branch.
3g. Is it false that the middle cerebral artery supplies motor but not sensory
cortex? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the middle cerebral artery
supplies both motor and sensory cortex.
3h. Is it true that the internal carotid artery gives off the ophthalmic artery? $
True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the internal carotid artery gives off
the ophthalmic artery.
3i. Is it true that the anterior communicating artery unites the middle and
anterior cerebral arteries? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the
anterior communicating artery unites the middle and anterior cerebral arteries.
4a. Is it false that there are no anastomoses between the anterior and posterior
spinal arteries? $ False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, there are
anastomoses between the anterior and posterior spinal arteries.
4b. Is it false that the radicular arteries are constant in number and origin? $
True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the radicular arteries can vary in
number and origin.
4c. Is it true that the posterior spinal artery is usually a branch of the
posterior cerebellar or vertebral arteries? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical
Anatomy, the posterior spinal artery is usually a branch of the posterior
cerebellar or vertebral arteries.
5a. Is it true that the anterior pituitary is outside the blood-brain barrier? $
False. According to Last's Anatomy, the anterior pituitary is inside the blood-
brain barrier.
5b. Is it true that the posterior pituitary is outside the blood-brain barrier? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy, the posterior pituitary is outside the blood-
brain barrier.
6. Is it false that Wernicke's encephalopathy involves receptive dysphasia? $

False. According to Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, Wernicke's
encephalopathy can involve receptive dysphasia.
7a. Is it false that Broca's area is on the left side in most left-handed people? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy, Broca's area is on the left side in right-handed
people and in most left-handed people.
7b. Is it false that Broca's area is posterior? $ True. According to Last's

Anatomy, Broca's area is located in the anterior part of the inferior frontal
gyrus.
7c. Is it false that Wernicke's area controls motor response? $ True. According to
Last's Anatomy, Wernicke's area is involved in receptive language processing.
7d. Is it false that damage to Broca's area produces motor aphasia? $ False.
According to Blitz and Adam's answers, damage to Broca's area can produce motor
aphasia, also known as expressive aphasia.
7e. Is it false that damage to Wernicke's area produces expressive aphasia? $ True.
According to Last's Anatomy, damage to Wernicke's area can produce receptive
aphasia.
8a. Is it false that the medulla oblongata is the part of the brainstem between the
pons and spinal cord? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the brainstem goes from
the midbrain to the pons to the medulla.
8b. Is it false that the medulla oblongata is largely within the middle cranial
fossa? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the medulla oblongata extends through
the foramen magnum to the level of the atlas.
8c. Is it false that the medulla oblongata is supplied by the anterior inferior
cerebellar artery? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the medulla oblongata is
supplied by the vertebral artery, basilar artery, and posterior inferior cerebellar
artery.
9a. Is it true that the dorsal column pathways synapse in the thalamus? $ True.
According to Last's Anatomy, the dorsal column pathways synapse in the thalamus.
9b. Is it false that the dorsal column pathways synapse in the gracile and cuneate
nuclei? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy, the dorsal column pathways synapse in
the gracile and cuneate nuclei in the medulla.
9c. Is it false that the dorsal column pathways synapse in the cerebellum? $ True.
According to Last's Anatomy, the dorsal column pathways do not synapse in the
cerebellum.
10a. Is it false that the midbrain is largely in the middle cranial fossa? $ True.
According to Last's Anatomy, most of the midbrain is in the posterior cranial
fossa.
10b. Is it false that the midbrain is supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar
artery? $ True. According to Last's Anatomy, the midbrain is supplied by the
posterior cerebral artery and the superior cerebellar artery.
10c. Is it false that the midbrain lies between the pons and upper spinal cord? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy, this description is more appropriate for the
medulla oblongata.
10d. Is it true that the midbrain contains the oculomotor nuclei? $ True. According
to Last's Anatomy, the midbrain contains the oculomotor nuclei.
10e. Is it false that the midbrain contains the trigeminal nuclei? $ True.
According to Last's Anatomy, the trigeminal nuclei are located in the pons.
11a. Is it true that the choroid plexus extends into the canal? $ Unclear. It is
unclear which canal is being referred to. If they mean the interventricular
foramen, then this is true according to Last's Anatomy.
11b. Is it false that the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle is in the
temporal lobe? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy, the posterior horn of the
lateral ventricle is in the occipital lobe, and the inferior horn is in the
temporal lobe.
11c. Unclear. No information is provided about option c.
11d. Unclear. No information is provided about option d.
12a. Is it true that cerebrospinal fluid communicates with the subarachnoid space
via the fourth ventricle? $ True. According to Guyton and Hall's Textbook of
Medical Physiology, cerebrospinal fluid flows from the lateral ventricles, through
the interventricular foramina, to the third ventricle, through the cerebral
aqueduct, to the fourth ventricle, through the median and lateral apertures, and
then into the subarachnoid space via the foramina of Magendie and Luschka.
12b. Is it false that cerebrospinal fluid communicates with the subarachnoid space
via the third ventricle? $ False. According to the same source, cerebrospinal fluid
flows through the third ventricle as part of its pathway from the lateral
ventricles to the subarachnoid space.
12c. Is it false that cerebrospinal fluid communicates with the subarachnoid space
via subarachnoid granulations? $ True. According to the same source, subarachnoid
granulations are structures within the subarachnoid space that allow cerebrospinal
fluid to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream, but they are not involved in the
communication between the ventricles and the subarachnoid space.
12d. Is it false that cerebrospinal fluid communicates with the subarachnoid space
via the choroid plexus? $ True. According to the same source, the choroid plexus
produces cerebrospinal fluid, but it does not directly communicate with the
subarachnoid space.
12e. Is it false that cerebrospinal fluid communicates with the

21a. Is it true that the vastus lateralis muscle is one of the borders of the
adductor canal? $ True. According to p200 Instant Anatomy, the vastus lateralis
muscle forms the lateral boundary of the adductor canal.
21b. Is it true that the nerve to vastus lateralis is superior to the adductor
canal? $ True. According to the stem statement, the nerve to vastus lateralis is
superior to the adductor canal.
21c. Is it true that the nerve to vastus lateralis passes through the adductor
canal? $ False. According to p200 Instant Anatomy, the nerve to vastus lateralis
does not pass through the adductor canal.
21d. Is it true that the vein is medial to the artery throughout the adductor
canal? $ False. According to the mnemonic "VAN drives out," the vein is lateral to
the artery in the adductor canal.
21e. Is it true that the lateral boundary of the adductor canal is the vastus
lateralis muscle? $ True. According to p200 Instant Anatomy, the vastus lateralis
muscle forms the lateral boundary of the adductor canal.
21f. Is it true that the femoral artery lies between the saphenous nerve and
femoral vein in the adductor canal? $ False. According to p200 Instant Anatomy, the
femoral artery is medial to the saphenous nerve and lateral to the femoral vein in
the adductor canal.
21g. Is it true that the adductor longus muscle forms the roof of the adductor
canal? $ True. According to p200 Instant Anatomy, the adductor longus muscle forms
the roof of the adductor canal.
22a. Is it true that the lateral circumflex femoral artery separates superficial
from deep branches of the femoral nerve in the femoral triangle? $ False. According
to p202 Instant Anatomy, the lateral circumflex femoral artery passes superficial
to the femoral nerve in the femoral triangle.
22b. Is it true that the adductor longus muscle is a medial boundary of the femoral
triangle? $ True. According to p202 Instant Anatomy, the adductor longus muscle
forms the medial boundary of the femoral triangle.
22c. Is it true that the anterior division of the obturator nerve is on the
adductor brevis muscle? $ True. According to p202 Instant Anatomy, the anterior
division of the obturator nerve runs on the surface of the adductor brevis muscle.
22d. Is it true that the femoral vein receives the great saphenous vein in the
femoral triangle? $ True. According to p202 Instant Anatomy, the femoral vein
receives the great saphenous vein in the femoral triangle.
22e. Is it true that the lateral border of the femoral triangle is the medial
border of the sartorius muscle? $ True. According to p202 Instant Anatomy, the
lateral border of the femoral triangle is formed by the medial border of the
sartorius muscle.
22f. Is it true that the lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries leave the
femoral artery in the femoral triangle? $ False. According to the stem statement,
the femoral artery leaves from the profunda femoris.
23a. Is it true that the ilio-inguinal nerve supplies the skin over the femoral
triangle? $ False. According to Blitz and Adam, the ilio-inguinal nerve supplies
the skin over the inguinal region.
23b. Is it true that the obturator nerve supplies the skin over the femoral
triangle? $ False. According to p204 Instant Anatomy, the obturator nerve does not
supply the skin over the femoral triangle.
23c. Is it true that the medial femoral cutaneous nerve supplies the skin over the
femoral triangle? $ True. According to p204 Instant Anatomy, the medial femoral
cutaneous nerve supplies the skin over the femoral triangle.
23d. Is it true that the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supplies the skin over the
femoral triangle? $ False. According to p204 Instant Anatomy, the lateral femoral
cutaneous nerve supplies the skin over the lateral thigh, but not specifically over
the femoral triangle.
23e. Is it true that the genito-femoral nerve supplies the skin over the femoral
triangle? $ True. According to Blitz and Adam, the genito-femoral nerve supplies
the skin over the femoral triangle.
24a. Is it true that the medial lymph nodes do not drain the anal canal? $ False.
According to Blitz and Adam, the internal iliac lymph nodes drain the anal canal.
24b. Is it true that the medial lymph nodes do not drain the scrotal skin? $ False.
According to p194 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
receive lymphatic drainage from the scrotal skin.
24c. Is it true that the medial lymph nodes do not drain the testicles? $ True.
According to Adam, the testicles drain to the lumbar lymph nodes.
24d. Is it true that the medial lymph nodes do not drain the urethra? $ False.
According to p194 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
receive lymphatic drainage from the urethra.
24e. Is it true that the medial lymph nodes do not drain the anterior skin distal
to the umbilicus and above the inguinal ligament? $ False. According to p194
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superficial inguinal lymph nodes receive lymphatic
drainage from the anterior skin distal to the umbilicus and above the inguinal
ligament.
25a. Is it true that the popliteal artery runs vertically in the popliteal fossa? $
False. According to p571 Moore and p632 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the popliteal
artery runs inferolaterally in the popliteal fossa.
25b. Is it true that the inferomedial border of the popliteal fossa is formed by
the soleus muscle? $ False. According to p571 Moore, the inferomedial border of the
popliteal fossa is formed by the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle.
25c. Is it true that the popliteal vein lies between the popliteal artery and
tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa? $ False. According to p571 Moore and p632
Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the tibial nerve is superficial in the popliteal fossa,
followed by the popliteal vein, and then the popliteal artery deep to both.
25d. Is it true that the roof of the popliteal fossa is formed by the biceps
femoris muscle? $ False. According to p571 Moore and p632 Netter's Clinical
Anatomy, the roof of the popliteal fossa is formed by the subcutaneous tissue and
the popliteal fascia.
25e. Is it true that the sural nerve branches from the common peroneal nerve in the
popliteal fossa? $ True. According to p632 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the sural
nerve is formed by the union of the medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves,
which arise from the tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves, respectively.
26. Is it true that the superficial fibular nerve passes superficial to the
superior flexor retinaculum of the foot? $ False. According to the stem statement,
the superficial fibular nerve does not pass superficial to the superior flexor
retinaculum of the foot. However, if it is a typo and they meant to say "extensor
retinaculum," then this statement would be True.
27a. Is it true that the sural nerve is the most lateral structure under the
extensor retinaculum of the foot? $ True. According to p641 Netter's Clinical
Anatomy, the sural nerve is the most lateral structure under the extensor
retinaculum of the foot.
27b. Is it true that the dorsalis pedis artery is the most lateral structure under
the extensor retinaculum of the foot? $ False. According to p641 Netter's Clinical
Anatomy, the dorsalis pedis artery is not under the extensor retinaculum of the
foot.
27c. Is it true that the extensor hallucis longus muscle is the most lateral
structure under the extensor retinaculum of the foot? $ False. According to p641
Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the extensor hallucis longus muscle is not under the
extensor retinaculum of the foot.
27d. Is it true that the extensor digitorum longus muscle is the most lateral
structure under the extensor retinaculum of the foot? $ False. According to p641
Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the extensor digitorum longus muscle is not under the
extensor retinaculum of the foot.
27e. Is it true that the peroneus tertius muscle is the most lateral structure
under the extensor retinaculum of the foot? $ True. According to p641 Netter's
Clinical Anatomy, the peroneus tertius muscle is the most lateral structure under
the extensor retinaculum of the foot.
28a. Is it true that the deep peroneal nerve passes deep to the superior extensor
retinaculum? $ True. According to the stem statement, the deep peroneal nerve
passes deep to the superior extensor retinaculum.
28b. Is it true that the anterior tibial artery passes deep to the superior
extensor retinaculum? $ True. According to the stem statement, the anterior tibial
artery passes deep to the superior extensor retinaculum.
28c. Is it true that the superficial peroneal nerve passes deep to the superior
extensor retinaculum? $ False. According to p668 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the
superficial peroneal nerve passes superiorly to the superior extensor retinaculum.
28d. Is it true that the peroneus tertius muscle passes deep to the superior
extensor retinaculum? $ True. According to the stem statement, the peroneus tertius
muscle passes deep to the superior extensor retinaculum.
28e. Is it true that the extensor digitorum longus muscle passes deep to the
superior extensor retinaculum? $ True. According to the stem statement, the
extensor digitorum longus muscle passes deep to the superior extensor retinaculum.
29a. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis covers the abductor and adductor
compartments of the foot? $ False. According to p662 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and
p595 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis covers the central
compartment of the foot.
29b. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis has fibrous septa joining to each
metatarsal, except for digits one and five? $ True. According to p662 Netter's
Clinical Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis has fibrous septa joining to each
metatarsal, except for the first and fifth digits.
29c. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis covers the abductors of the big and
little toes? $ False. According to p662 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the plantar
aponeurosis does not cover the abductors of the big and little toes.
29d. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis is inserted to all five metatarsals? $
False. According to p662 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis is
inserted only to the first and fifth metatarsals.
29e. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis does not attach to the skin? $ False.
According to p662 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis does attach to
the skin.
29f. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis arises from the talus bone? $ False.
According to p662 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis arises from
the calcaneus bone.
29g. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis covers half the length of the sole of
the foot? $ True. According to p662 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the plantar
aponeurosis covers about half the length of the sole of the foot.
29h. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis attaches to the calcaneus bone
posteriorly? $ True. According to p662 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the plantar
aponeurosis arises from the calcaneus bone and divides distally into five bands
that become continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths.
29i. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis separates the short flexor muscles of
the foot? $ Uncertain. According to p662 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the plantar
aponeurosis separates the muscles of the foot into three compartments, but it is
not clear if it separates the short flexor muscles specifically.
29j. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis has fibrous septa joining to all five
metatarsals, dividing the foot into three compartments? $ False. According to p662
Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis has fibrous septa joining only
to the first and fifth metatarsals, dividing the foot into medial, central, and
lateral compartments.
29k. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis includes the adductor and abductor
compartments of the foot? $ False. According to p662 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the
plantar aponeurosis does not cover the abductor or adductor compartments of the
foot.
30a. Is it true that the pulse of the femoral artery is found along the inguinal
ligament and 3.5 cm medial to the pubic tubercle? $ True. According to p155 LASTS
and p371 Instant Anatomy, the pulse of the femoral artery can be found along the
inguinal ligament and 3.5 cm medial to the pubic tubercle.
30b. Is it true that the median circumflex femoral artery is the main branch of the
femoral artery? $ False. According to p545 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the profunda
femoris artery is the main branch of the femoral artery.
30c. Is it true that the profunda femoris artery is separated from the femoral
artery by the adductor longus muscle? $ True. According to p603 Netter's Clinical
Anatomy, the profunda femoris artery is separated from the femoral artery by the
adductor longus muscle.
30d. Is it true that the femoral artery is separated from the hip joint capsule by
fat only? $ False. According to p603 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the femoral artery
sits on top of the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles and is separated from the hip
joint capsule by these muscles.
30e. Is it true that the femoral vein crosses the femoral artery from medial to
lateral as it descends? $ False. According to p603 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the
femoral vein lies lateral to the femoral artery as it descends.
30f. Is it true that the femoral artery enters the adductor canal by piercing the
sartorius muscle? $ False. According to p603 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the femoral
artery enters the adductor canal by passing behind the sartorius muscle.
30g. Is it true that the femoral artery can be found at the mid-inguinal point? $
True. According to p155 LASTS, the femoral artery can be found at the midpoint of
the inguinal ligament.
30h. Is it true that the femoral artery gives off the medial femoral cutaneous
artery as its major branch? $ False. According to p603 Netter's Clinical Anatomy,
the profunda femoris artery is the largest branch of the femoral artery.
31a. Is it true that the superficial epigastric artery is a branch of the femoral
artery? $ True. According to p604 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the superficial
epigastric artery is a branch of the femoral artery.
31b. Is it true that the superficial circumflex iliac artery is a branch of the
femoral artery? $ True. According to p604 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the
superficial circumflex iliac artery is a branch of the femoral artery.
31c. Is it true that the external pudendal artery is a branch of the femoral
artery? $ True. According to p604 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the external pudendal
artery is a branch of the femoral artery.
31d. Is it true that the profunda femoris artery is a branch of the femoral artery?
$ False. According to p604 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and p371 Instant Anatomy, the
profunda femoris artery is a separate branch from the femoral artery.
31e. Is it true that the medial and lateral circumflex iliac arteries are branches
of the femoral artery? $ False. According to p604 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and
p371 Instant Anatomy, the medial and lateral circumflex iliac arteries are branches
of the profunda femoris artery.
31f. Is it true that the deep perforating artery is a branch of the femoral artery?
$ False. According to p604 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the deep perforating artery
is a branch of the profunda femoris artery.
31g. Is it true that the deep circumflex artery is a branch of the femoral artery?
$ False. According to p604 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the deep circumflex artery is
a branch of the profunda femoris artery.
31h. Is it true that the pudendal artery is a branch of the femoral artery? $
False. According to p604 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the pudendal artery is a branch
of the internal iliac artery. However, if the question meant to ask about the
external pudendal artery, then it is true that it is a branch of the femoral
artery.
32a. Is it true that the deep circumflex iliac artery is a tributary of the femoral
artery? $ Uncertain. According to the stem statement and my sources, it is not
clear if the deep circumflex iliac artery is a tributary of the femoral artery.
32b. Is it true that the medial femoral circumflex artery is a tributary
of the femoral artery? $ False. According to p371 Instant Anatomy and Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the medial femoral circumflex artery is a separate branch from
the profunda femoris artery.
32c. Is it true that the superficial circumflex iliac artery is a tributary of the
femoral artery? $ False. According to p371 Instant Anatomy and Netter's Clinical
Anatomy, the superficial circumflex iliac artery is a branch of the femoral artery,
not a tributary.
32d. Is it true that the superficial external pudendal artery is a tributary of the
femoral artery? $ False. According to p604 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the external
pudendal artery is a branch of the femoral artery, not a tributary.
32e. Is it true that the deep external pudendal artery is a tributary of the
femoral artery? $ False. According to p604 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the deep
external pudendal artery is a branch of the femoral artery, not a tributary.
33a. Is it true that the great saphenous vein is a continuation of the lateral
marginal vein of the foot? $ False. According to p525 Instant Anatomy, the great
saphenous vein is a medial vein that is formed by the union of the dorsal vein of
the great toe and the dorsal venous arch of the foot.
33b. Is it true that the great saphenous vein runs between the two heads of the
gastrocnemius muscle? $ False. According to Instant Anatomy, the great saphenous
vein runs anterior to the medial malleolus of the ankle and then up the medial
aspect of the leg, through the saphenous opening in the fascia lata, and into the
femoral vein.
33c. Is it true that the great saphenous vein pierces the cribriform fascia? $
True. According to Instant Anatomy, the great saphenous vein pierces the cribriform
fascia as it passes through the saphenous opening in the fascia lata.
33d. Is it true that the great saphenous vein can be found immediately below and
lateral to the pubic tubercle? $ False. According to Instant Anatomy, the great
saphenous vein can be found about 4 cm below and lateral to the pubic tubercle.
33e. Is it true that the great saphenous vein does not communicate with superficial
vein varicosities? $ False. According to Instant Anatomy, the great saphenous vein
is often associated with the development of varicose veins and does communicate
with superficial vein varicosities.
34a. Is it true that the superficial epigastric vein drains into the great
saphenous vein? $ True. According to p580 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the
superficial epigastric vein is a tributary of the great saphenous vein.
34b. Is it true that the superficial circumflex iliac vein drains into the great
superficial circumflex iliac vein is a tributary of the great saphenous vein.
34c. Is it true that the deep external pudendal vein drains into the great
saphenous vein? $ False. According to p580 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the deep
external pudendal vein is a tributary of the femoral vein.
34d. Is it true that the superficial external pudendal vein drains into the great
superficial external pudendal vein is a tributary of the great saphenous vein.
34e. Is it true that the deep circumflex iliac vein drains into the great saphenous
vein? $ False. According to p580 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the deep circumflex
iliac vein drains into the external iliac vein.
35. Is it true that the blood supply of the head of the femur is primarily from the
medial circumflex femoral artery and the lateral circumflex femoral artery, both of
which arise from the profunda femoris artery and then give rise to retinacular
arteries? $ True. According to p680 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the blood supply to
the head of the femur is primarily from the medial circumflex femoral artery and
the lateral circumflex femoral artery, both of which arise from the profunda
femoris artery and then give rise to retinacular arteries. Additionally, a small
amount of blood supply to the head of the femur comes from the artery to the head
of the femur from the obturator artery.
36a. Is it true that the hip joint is flexed largely by the sartorius and rectus
femoris muscles? $ False. According to p678 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the
strongest hip flexor is the iliopsoas muscle.
36b. Is it true that the hip joint is limited in full extension by the pubofemoral
ligament? $ False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the pubofemoral ligament
limits abduction of the hip joint, not extension.
36c. Is it true that the hip joint is only supplied by the obturator and sciatic
nerves? $ False. According to p607 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the hip joint is
innervated by the femoral nerve, the obturator nerve, and the sciatic nerve.
36d. Is it true that the ischiofemoral ligament is the strongest ligament of the
hip joint? $ False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy and Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, the iliofemoral ligament is the strongest ligament of the hip joint, which
limits extension of the joint.
36e. Is it true that the stability of the hip joint is largely derived from its
articular surfaces? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the stability
of the hip joint is largely derived from the congruence of the articular surfaces
of the femur and the acetabulum.
37a. Is it true that the lateral meniscus of the knee joint is more "C"-shaped than
the medial meniscus? $ False. According to p687 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and p607
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the medial meniscus is more "C"-shaped, while the lateral
meniscus is more circular.
37b. Is it true that the tendon of popliteus is intra-articular in the knee joint?
$ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy and Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the
tendon of popliteus passes through the knee joint and attaches to the lateral
meniscus and the lateral femoral condyle.
37c. Is it true that the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint is extra-
articular? $ Mostly true. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy and Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the majority of the medial collateral ligament is extra-
articular, but some fibers do attach to the medial meniscus.
37d. Is it true that the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint extends 8 cm
beyond the joint line? $ Unsure. The length of the medial collateral ligament is
not specified in the sources provided.
38a. Is it true that the capsule of the knee joint attaches to the articular
margins? $ False. According to p619 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the capsule of the
knee joint attaches proximally to the femur just above the articular margins.
38b. Is it true that the capsule of the knee joint attaches to the femur proximal
to the articular margins? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the
capsule of the knee joint attaches proximally to the femur just above the articular
margins.
38c. Is it true that the capsule of the knee joint attaches to the articular margin
inferiorly except where the tendon of popliteus transgresses the capsule? $ True.
According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the capsule of the knee joint attaches to
the articular margin inferiorly except where the tendon of popliteus passes through
the capsule.
38d. Is it true that the capsule of the knee joint does not attach to the
intercondylar groove? $ Unsure. The sources provided do not specify whether the
capsule attaches to the intercondylar groove.
38e. Is it true that the tendon of popliteus transgresses the capsule of the knee
joint? $ True. According to Blitz Review of Anatomy, the tendon of popliteus passes
through the capsule of the knee joint.
39a. Is it true that the posterior cruciate ligament is medial? $ False. According
to p690 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and p607 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the posterior
cruciate ligament is attached to the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia and
the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle.
39b. Is it true that a fold of synovium lies posterior to the anterior cruciate
ligament? $ True. According to p690 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and p607 Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, a fold of synovium called the infrapatellar plica or ligamentum
mucosum lies posterior to the anterior cruciate ligament.
39c. Is it true that the anterior horn of the medial meniscus is attached to the
medial tibial condyle? $ False. According to p690 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and
p607 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the anterior horn of the medial meniscus is attached
to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia.
39d. Is it true that the medial meniscus is avascular? $ False. According to

Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the medial meniscus is largely avascular, but the
peripheral zone of the meniscus is vascularized.
39e. Is it true that a fold of synovium lies posterior to the anterior cruciate
ligament? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy and Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, a fold of synovium called the infrapatellar plica or ligamentum mucosum
lies posterior to the anterior cruciate ligament.
40a. Is it true that the medial meniscus of the knee is smaller than the lateral
meniscus? $ False. According to p690 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and p607 Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the medial meniscus is larger than the lateral meniscus.
40b. Is it true that the medial meniscus is attached to the tibia via its anterior
horn? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy and Moore's Clinical Anatomy,
the medial meniscus is attached to the tibia via its anterior horn, posterior horn,
and the joint capsule laterally.
40c. Is it true that the medial meniscus is attached to the posterior cruciate
ligament? $ False. According to p607 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the lateral meniscus
is attached to the posterior cruciate ligament via the posterior meniscofemoral
ligament, but there is no mention of the medial meniscus being attached to the
posterior cruciate ligament.
40d. Is it true that the medial meniscus does not attach to the medial collateral
ligament? $ False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy and Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, the medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament.
41a. Is it true that the posterior cruciate ligament is attached to the medial
condyle of the femur? $ False. According to p691 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the
posterior cruciate ligament is attached to the lateral aspect of the medial femoral
condyle.
41b. Is it true that the tibial nerve supplies the cruciate ligaments? $ False.
According to Last's Anatomy, there is no mention of the tibial nerve supplying the
cruciate ligaments, and Moore's Clinical Anatomy is silent on this topic.
42a. Is it true that the posterior cruciate ligament is attached to the medial
condyle of the femur? $ False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy and Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the posterior cruciate ligament is attached to the posterior
intercondylar area of the tibia and the lateral aspect of the medial femoral
condyle.
42b. Is it true that the posterior cruciate ligament is longer and stronger than
the anterior cruciate ligament? $ True. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy and
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the posterior cruciate ligament is stronger than the
anterior cruciate ligament, but there is no mention of its length being longer.
42c. Is it true that the posterior cruciate ligament stops the tibia from slipping
forward on the femur? $ False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy and Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the posterior cruciate ligament stops the femur from displacing
posteriorly on the tibia.
42d. Is it true that the lateral collateral ligament contributes significantly to

the joint capsule of the knee? $ False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy and
Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the lateral collateral ligament is free of the joint
capsule of the knee.
42e. Is it true that the anterior cruciate ligament has a fold of synovium
posteriorly? $ False. According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy and Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, the posterior surfaces of the anterior cruciate ligament are uncovered.
43. Which lig43. Which of the following ligaments in the knee joint are extra-
capsular, except:
a. patella retinacula
b. oblique popliteal
c. transverse ligament
d. tibial collateral
e. fibular collateral
Answer: c. transverse ligament. According to p690 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and

Adam's Outline of Orthopaedics, the transverse ligament joins the anterior edges of
the medial and lateral menisci and is therefore considered intra-capsular. The
other ligaments listed are extra-capsular.
44a. Is it true that the lateral collateral ligament forms part of the knee joint
capsule? $ False. According to p607 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the lateral
collateral ligament is free of the joint capsule of the knee.
44b. Is it true that the medial collateral ligament forms part of the knee joint
capsule? $ True. According to p607 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the medial collateral
ligament is intimately associated with the joint capsule of the knee, and at its
midpoint, fibers go to the medial meniscus.
44c. Is it true that the anterior cruciate ligament forms part of the knee joint
capsule? $ False. According to p607 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the anterior cruciate
ligament is free of the joint capsule of the knee.
44d. Is it true that the posterior cruciate ligament forms part of the knee joint
capsule? $ False. According to p607 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the posterior
cruciate ligament is free of the joint capsule of the knee.
44e. Is it true that the popliteus tendon forms part of the knee joint capsule? $
False. According to p607 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the popliteus tendon is free of
the joint capsule of the knee.
45a. Is it true that the ankle joint capsule attaches to the articular margins of
the tibia, fibula, and talus? $ True. According to p702 Netter's Clinical Anatomy
and p632 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the ankle joint capsule attaches to the
articular margins of the tibia, fibula, and talus.
45b. Is it true that the deep part of the deltoid ligament is triangular? $ True.
According to p150 Last's Anatomy, p702 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, and p632 Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the deep part of the deltoid ligament on the medial side is
triangular in shape, while the superficial part is broad and fan-shaped.
45c. Is it true that the lateral ligament of the ankle joint attaches to the talus
and calcaneus? $ True. According to p702 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and p632 Moore's
Clinical Anatomy, the lateral ligament of the ankle joint attaches to the talus and
calcaneus, with three ligaments originating from the lateral malleolus.
45d. Is it true that the ankle joint capsule is attached anteriorly to the neck of
the talus? $ Unclear. There are conflicting answers from different sources, with
some stating that the capsule is attached anteriorly to the neck of the talus, and
others stating that it is not.
45e. Is it true that the ankle joint capsule attaches posteriorly to the talus? $
True. According to p702 Netter's Clinical Anatomy, the ankle joint capsule attaches
posteriorly to the talus.
45f. Is it true that the ankle joint has a fixed axis of rotation? $ False.
According to p150 Last's Anatomy, the ankle joint does not have a fixed axis of
rotation, but rather has a transverse axis that passes through the talus and allows
for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.
45g. Is it true that the ankle joint has three ligaments that attach to the talus?
$ True. According to p702 Netter's Clinical Anatomy and p632 Moore's Clinical
Anatomy, the ankle joint has three ligaments that attach to the talus: the anterior
talofibular ligament, the posterior talofibular ligament, and the calcaneofibular
ligament.
45h. Is it true that weight-bearing in supination is characteristic of the ankle

joint? $ False. There is no mention of this in the sources consulted.
45i. Is it true that in full plantarflexion, a significant amount of inversion and

eversion is possible at the ankle joint? $ False. According to p150 Last's Anatomy,
the ankle joint is limited to dorsiflexion and plantarflexion only, and inversion
and eversion are not possible in full plantarflexion.
45j. Is it true that the lateral ligament of the ankle joint is made up of three
separate bands that all insert into the talus? $ False. According to p702 Netter's
Clinical Anatomy and p632 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the lateral ligament of the
ankle joint is made up of three separate ligaments: the anterior talofibular
ligament, the posterior talofibular ligament, and the calcaneofibular ligament, but
not all of them insert into the talus.
45k. Is it true that the weight-bearing surfaces of the ankle joint include the
upper facet of the talus, the inferior facet of the tibia, and the medial and
lateral malleoli? $ False. According to p150 Last's Anatomy, the weight-bearing
surfaces of the ankle joint include the upper facet of the talus and the inferior
8b. The piriformis muscle does not insert into the greater trochanter. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 551), the piriformis muscle
arises from the anterior surface of the sacrum and passes through the greater
sciatic foramen, but it does not insert into the greater trochanter.
9d. The gluteus maximus forms the skin crease of the gluteal fold. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 608), the gluteal fold is
formed by the inferior border of the gluteus maximus muscle.
10a. The popliteus muscle goes from the lateral surface of the lateral femoral
condyle and lateral meniscus to the posterior surface of the tibia, superior to the
soleal line. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 589), the popliteus muscle
arises from the lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle and the lateral
meniscus, and it inserts into the posterior surface of the tibia, superior to the
soleal line.
11n. The brevis muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg does not go above the
lateral malleolus. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 191), the peroneus brevis muscle
passes behind the lateral malleolus and then turns anteriorly to insert into the
base of the fifth metatarsal bone.
a. Is it true that weak dorsiflexors result in weak plantar flexion? $ True.

According to NM p 642, weak dorsiflexors lead to weak plantar flexion, mainly
eversion.
b. Is it true that the peroneal muscles go over the peroneal trochlea? $ False.
This option is not clear, and it is uncertain what the peroneal trochlea refers to.
c. Is it true that the fibular longus, brevis, and deep peroneal nerve are all in
the same compartment? $ True. According to p585 Moore, the fibular longus, brevis,
and superficial fibular nerve are in the lateral compartment, while the deep
peroneal nerve is also present in the same compartment.
d. Is it true that the lateral compartment of the leg contains the peroneus longus,
brevis, and tertius? $ False. According to the stem statement, the peroneus tertius
is in the anterior compartment, not the lateral compartment.
e. Is it true that the muscles in the lateral compartment are supplied by the deep
fibular nerve? $ True. According to NM p 640, the muscles in the anterior leg and
dorsum of the foot are innervated by the deep fibular nerve.
f. Is it true that the fibularis longus muscle arises only from the fibula? $ True.
According to the stem statement, the fibularis longus muscle originates from the
head of the fibula and inserts at the base of the first metatarsal and medial
cuneiform.
g. Is it true that the fibular muscle tendons are bound at the lateral malleolus by
the inferior peroneal retinaculum? $ True. According to the stem statement, the
tendons of the fibularis longus and brevis are bound down at the malleolus by the
superior fibular retinaculum.
h. Is it true that the fibular muscle tendons share a common synovial sheath at the
lateral malleolus? $ True. According to the stem statement, the fibularis longus
and brevis share a common synovial sheath above the superior fibular retinaculum.
i. Is it true that the fibularis longus muscle helps steady the leg on the foot
when a person stands on one leg? $ True. According to the stem statement, the
fibularis longus helps steady the leg on the foot when a person stands on one leg.
j. Is it true that the deep peroneal nerve is superficial in the lateral

compartment of the leg? $ False. This option is not clear, and it is uncertain what
the deep peroneal nerve refers to in this context.
k. Is it true that the peroneus longus muscle grooves the bone? $ False. According
to the stem statement, the peroneus brevis muscle grooves the bone, while the
peroneus longus muscle lies superficial to it.
l. Is it true that the peroneus brevis muscle goes above the trochanter on the
lateral surface of the calcaneum? $ False. This option is not clear, and it is
uncertain what the trochanter refers to in this context.
m. Is it true that the peroneus brevis and longus run in the same synovial sheath
under the inferior retinaculum? $ True. According to the stem statement, the
peroneus brevis and longus are bounded by the superior and inferior fibular
retinaculum in the lateral compartment.
n. Is it true that the peroneus brevis muscle goes above the lateral malleolus? $
False. According to the stem statement, the peroneus brevis muscle is inferior to
the lateral malleolus.
o. Is it true that the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg are supplied
by the superficial peroneal nerve? $ False. This option is not clear, and it is
uncertain what nerve supply is being referred to.
p. Is it true that the lateral compartment of the leg contains the peroneus longus,
brevis, and superficial fibular nerve? $ True. According to the stem statement, the
lateral compartment contains the peroneus longus, brevis, and superficial fibular
nerve.
q. Is it true that the fibularis longus muscle grooves the lateral malleolus? $
False. According to the stem statement, the peroneus brevis muscle grooves the
bone, while the fibularis longus muscle runs above it.
r. Is it true that the peroneus brevis muscle goes over the trochlear, while the
fibularis longus muscle goes under it? $ True. According to the stem statement, the
peroneus brevis muscle goes over the trochlear, while the
12. Which muscle inserts into both the tibia and fibula?
a. Is it true that the tibialis anterior muscle inserts into both the tibia and
fibula? $ True. According to p577 Moore, the tibialis anterior muscle originates
from the lateral surface of the tibia and the interosseous membrane.
b. Is it true that the tibialis posterior muscle inserts into both the tibia and
fibula? $ False. According to p589 and p637 Moore, the tibialis posterior muscle
originates from the interosseous membrane and the posterior surface of the tibia
and fibula.
c. Is it true that the extensor digitorum longus muscle inserts into both the tibia
and fibula? $ False. This option does not specify the origin of the muscle.
d. Is it true that the flexor digitorum longus muscle inserts into both the tibia
and fibula? $ True. According to the stem statement, the flexor digitorum longus
muscle originates from the medial surface of the tibia and fibula and the
interosseous membrane.
e. Is it true that the peroneus muscle inserts into both the tibia and fibula? $
False. This option does not specify which peroneus muscle is being referred to.
13. What muscle causes dorsiflexion and inversion of the ankle?
a. Is it true that the tibialis anterior muscle causes dorsiflexion and inversion
of the ankle? $ True. According to p640 NM, the tibialis anterior muscle is
responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion of the ankle.
b. Is it true that the tibialis posterior muscle causes plantar flexion and
inversion of the ankle? $ False. According to the stem statement, the tibialis
posterior muscle causes plantar flexion and inversion of the foot, not the ankle.
c. Is it true that the extensor hallucis longus muscle causes dorsiflexion of the
great toe and dorsiflexion of the ankle? $ True. According to the stem statement,
the extensor hallucis longus muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion of the great
toe and the ankle.
d. Is it true that the peroneus tertius muscle causes dorsiflexion and eversion of
the ankle? $ True. According to the stem statement, the peroneus tertius muscle is
responsible for dorsiflexion and eversion of the ankle.
14. Which muscle causes inversion of the foot?
a. Is it true that the tibialis anterior muscle causes dorsiflexion and inversion
of the foot? $ True. According to the stem statement, the tibialis anterior muscle
is responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
b. Is it true that the peroneus tertius muscle causes dorsiflexion and eversion of
the foot? $ False. According to the stem statement, the peroneus tertius muscle is
responsible for dorsiflexion and eversion of the ankle, not the foot.
c. Is it true that the tibialis posterior muscle causes plantar flexion and
inversion of the foot? $ True. According to p577 and p589 Moore, the tibialis
posterior muscle is responsible for plantar flexion and inversion of the foot.
d. Is it true that the peroneus brevis muscle causes eversion and plantar flexion
of the foot? $ True. According to p577 and p589 Moore, the peroneus brevis muscle
is responsible for eversion and plantar flexion of the foot.
e. Is it true that the extensor hallucis longus muscle causes flexion of the toe? $
True. According to the stem statement, the extensor hallucis longus muscle is
responsible for flexion of the toe.
15. Muscle of the lower leg which can initiate dorsiflexion and inversion?
a. Is it true that the tibialis posterior muscle can initiate plantar flexion and
inversion of the foot? $ False. According to p640NM, the tibialis posterior muscle
can initiate dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
b. Is it true that the tibialis anterior muscle can initiate dorsiflexion and
inversion of the foot? $ True. According to the stem statement, the tibialis
anterior muscle can initiate dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
c. Is it true that the peroneus tertius muscle can initiate dorsiflexion and
eversion of the foot? $ True. According to the stem statement, the peroneus tertius
muscle can initiate dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot.
d. Is it true that the peroneus longus muscle can evert and weakly plantar flex the
foot? $ True. According to the stem statement, the peroneus longus muscle can evert
and weakly plantar flex the foot.
e. Is it true that the peroneus brevis muscle can evert and weakly plantar flex the
foot? $ True. According to the stem statement, the peroneus brevis muscle can evert
and weakly plantar flex the foot.
16. Tibialis anterior?
a. Is it true that the tibialis anterior muscle dorsiflexes and inverts the foot? $
True. According to p640NM, the tibialis anterior muscle dorsiflexes and inverts the
foot.
b. Is it true that the tibialis anterior muscle arises from the upper two thirds of
the fibula? $ True. According to the stem statement, the tibialis anterior muscle
arises from the lateral condyle and superior half of the lateral surface of the
tibia, as well as the interosseous membrane.
c. Is it true that the tibialis anterior muscle inserts into the medial cuneiform
and the first metatarsal? $ True. According to the stem statement, the tibialis
anterior muscle inserts into the medial cuneiform and the first metatarsal.
d. Is it true that the tibialis anterior muscle shares its site of insertion with
the peroneus tertius muscle? $ False. According to the stem statement, the peroneus
tertius muscle goes to the dorsum of the base of the fifth metatarsal, not to the
same site of insertion as the tibialis anterior muscle.
e. Is it true that the tibialis anterior muscle is supplied by the L5 and S1 nerve
roots? $ False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the tibialis anterior muscle
is supplied by the deep fibular nerve, which originates from the L4 and L5 nerve
roots.
17. Regarding foot interossei?
a. Is it true that the palmer/sole side of the foot has two heads for the
interossei muscles? $ False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy and p658NM, the
dorsal side of the foot has two heads for the interossei muscles, not the
palmar/sole side.
b. Is it true that the axis for the foot interossei is the third metatarsal? $
False. According to Last's Anatomy, the axis for the foot interossei is the second
toe, not the third metatarsal.
c. Is it true that when acting together, the foot interossei flex the
metatarsophalangeal joint and extend the interphalangeal joint? $ False. According
to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, when acting together, the foot interossei muscles flex
the metatarsophalangeal joint and adduct/abduct the toes, not extend the
interphalangeal joint.
d. Is it true that the foot interossei muscles are supplied by the medial plantar
nerve? $ False. According to p596 Moore and p658NM, the foot interossei muscles are
supplied by the lateral plantar nerve, not the medial plantar nerve.
18a. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis can be regarded as the fifth layer of
the foot? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis is
superficial to the first layer of the foot.
18b. Is it true that the second layer of the foot comprises the long tendons and
the lumbricals? $ True. According to p198 Last's Anatomy, the second layer of the
foot comprises the long tendons and the lumbricals.
18c. Is it true that the neurovascular bundle lies between the first and second
layers of the foot? $ True. According to p596 Moore and Last's Anatomy, the
neurovascular bundle lies between the first and second layers, as well as between
the third and fourth layers of the foot.
18d. Is it true that the first layer of the foot contains the abductor hallucis,
flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi muscles? $ True. According to
Last's Anatomy, the first layer of the foot contains the abductor hallucis, flexor
digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi muscles.
18e. Is it true that the third layer of the foot contains the plantar and dorsal
interossei muscles? $ False. According to p596 Moore, the plantar and dorsal
interossei muscles are part of the fourth layer of the foot.
18f. Is it true that the long tendons and their connections are in the second layer
of the foot? $ True. According to p199 Last's Anatomy, the long tendons and their
connections are in the second layer of the foot.
18g. Is it true that the flexor digitorum brevis muscle is in the second layer of
the foot? $ False. According to Last's Anatomy, the flexor digitorum brevis muscle
is part of the first layer of the foot.
18h. Unclear. The statement "part of the transverse arch is not in the third layer"
is unclear and cannot be formulated as a true/false question without additional
information.
18i. Is it true that the flexor hallucis brevis muscle is not in the third layer of
the foot? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the flexor hallucis brevis
muscle is part of the second layer of the foot.
18j. Is it true that the adductor hallucis muscle is not in the third layer of the
foot? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the adductor hallucis muscle
is part of the second layer of the foot.
18k. Is it true that the flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is not in the third
layer of the foot? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the flexor digiti
minimi brevis muscle is part of the second layer of the foot.
18l. Is it true that the peroneus longus muscle is not in the third layer of the
foot? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the peroneus longus muscle is
part of the fourth layer of the foot.
18m. Is it true that the long flexor tendons lie in the second layer of the foot? $
True. According to Last's Anatomy, the long flexor tendons lie in the second layer
of the foot.
18n. Is it true that the plantar aponeurosis is in the fourth layer of the foot? $
False. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the plantar aponeurosis is not a
separate layer of the foot and is part of the superficial compartment.
18o. Is it true that the foot consists of three layers? $ False. According to the
stem statement, the foot consists of four layers.
19a. Does the inferior gluteal artery pass through the lesser sciatic foramen? $
True. According to p577 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the inferior gluteal artery
passes through the lesser sciatic foramen.
19b. Does the superior gluteal artery pass through the lesser sciatic foramen? $
False. According to p577 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the superior gluteal artery does
not pass through the lesser sciatic foramen.
19c. Does the internal pudendal artery pass through the lesser sciatic foramen? $
True. According to p577 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the internal pudendal artery
passes through the lesser sciatic foramen.
19d. Does the piriformis muscle pass through the lesser sciatic foramen? $ False.
According to p577 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the piriformis muscle originates from
the anterior surface of the sacrum and passes through the greater sciatic foramen.
19e. Does the pudendal nerve pass through the lesser sciatic foramen? $ True.
According to p577 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the pudendal nerve passes through the
lesser sciatic foramen.
20a. Is it true that the ilioinguinal nerve enters the deep ring of the inguinal
canal? $ False. According to p187 Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the ilioinguinal nerve
enters the superficial ring of the inguinal canal, while the ductus deferens or
round ligament and gonadal vessels pass through the deep ring.
20b. Is it true that the roof of the inguinal canal is formed by the external
oblique muscle? $ True. According to p193 Moore, p273NM, and p201 Instant Anatomy,
the roof of the inguinal canal is formed by the external oblique muscle.
20c. Is it true that the floor of the inguinal canal is formed by the inguinal
ligament? $ True. According to p201 Instant Anatomy, the floor of the inguinal
canal is formed by the superior surface of the inguinal ligament and the lacunar
ligament medially.
20d. Is it true that the anterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by the
internal oblique muscle? $ False. According to p193 Moore, the anterior wall of the
inguinal canal is formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle.
20e. Is it true that the posterior wall of the inguinal canal is partly formed by
the inguinal falx (transversalis fascia with medial aspect reinforced by the
conjoint tendon)? $ True. According to the stem statement, the posterior wall of
the inguinal canal is partly formed by the inguinal falx.
20f. Is it true that the ilioinguinal nerve enters the superficial ring of the
inguinal canal? $ True. According to p187 Moore, the ilioinguinal nerve enters the
superficial ring of the inguinal canal, while the spermatic cord and gonadal
vessels also pass through.
20g. Is it true that the inguinal nerve does not pass through the deep ring of the
inguinal canal? $ True. According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the inguinal nerve
pierces the lower border of the internal oblique muscle, goes through the inguinal
canal, and exits via the superficial inguinal ring. The inguinal nerve supplies the
anterior 1/3rd of the scrotum, root of the penis/clitoris, and upper medial part of
the groin.
65a. The coracobrachialis muscle attaches from the anterior part of the mid-humerus
to the coracoid process of the scapula. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 788), the coracobrachialis
muscle originates from the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts on the
middle third of the medial surface of the humerus.
65b. The pectoralis minor muscle attaches from ribs 3-5 to the coracoid process. $
(True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 788), the pectoralis minor
muscle originates from the anterior surfaces of the third to fifth ribs and inserts
on the coracoid process of the scapula.
66b. The scaphoid does not articulate with the triquetral bone. $ (False)
Explanation: According to the diagram on page 675 of Moore's Clinical Anatomy, the
scaphoid bone articulates with the triquetral bone.
67d. The flexor retinaculum does not attach to the scaphoid bone. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 674), the flexor retinaculum
attaches to the scaphoid bone, the trapezium bone, the pisiform bone, and the hook
of the hamate bone.
68c. The pisiform bone is attached to both the flexor and extensor retinaculum. $
(True)
Explanation: According to Blitz's Clinical Anatomy (p. 205), the pisiform bone is
attached to the palmar surface of the flexor retinaculum and the dorsal surface of
the extensor retinaculum.
1b. According to Hilton's law, the obturator nerve does not supply the hip joint. $
(True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 613), Hilton's law states
that the nerves that supply the muscles that move a joint also supply the joint
itself. The obturator nerve supplies the adductor muscles of the thigh but not the
hip joint.
2d. The femoral nerve originates from the posterior divisions of the rami of L2,
L3, and L4. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 529), the femoral nerve
originates from the anterior divisions of the L2, L3, and L4 spinal nerves.
3c. The deep peroneal nerve travels through the lower leg with the anterior tibial
artery. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 579), the deep peroneal
nerve travels through the lower leg with the anterior tibial artery in the anterior
compartment.
4e. The sural nerve is not a branch of the common peroneal nerve. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 319), the branches of the common
peroneal nerve before it splits into the superficial and deep peroneal nerves
include the superior and inferior genicular nerves, the recurrent genicular nerve,
and the lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf. The sural nerve is a branch of the
tibial nerve.
5b. The medial plantar nerve supplies a greater area than the lateral plantar
nerve. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 602), the medial plantar
nerve supplies a larger area of the sole of the foot than the lateral plantar
nerve.
6c. The correct dermatome for the great toe is L5. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 529), the L5 dermatome
supplies the skin of the dorsal aspect of the foot, including the great toe.
7a. The correct dermatome for the little toe is S1. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 529), the S1 dermatome
supplies the skin of the lateral aspect of the foot, including the little toe.
6a. The S1 myotome supplies hip abduction. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy (p. 539), the S1 myotome
supplies the gluteus medius muscle, which is responsible for hip abduction.
k. Shoulder adduction is primarily supplied by the C5 nerve root. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 791), shoulder adduction is
primarily supplied by the C6 nerve root, with minor contributions from the C5 and
C7 nerve roots.
Sure, here are the true/false questions based on the given statements:
37a. The medial head of the triceps muscle arises from the lateral intermuscular
septum. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 724), the medial head of the
triceps muscle arises from the posterior aspect of the humerus and the medial and
lateral intermuscular septa.
37b. The anterior branch of the profunda brachii artery pierces the lateral
intermuscular septum. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 724), the anterior branch of
the profunda brachii artery pierces the lateral intermuscular septum.
37c. The posterior branch of the profunda brachii artery pierces the lateral
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 724), the posterior branch
of the profunda brachii artery pierces the lateral intermuscular septum.
37d. The brachioradialis muscle is an anterior relation of the lateral

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 724), the brachioradialis
muscle is an anterior relation of the lateral intermuscular septum.
37e. The medial head of the triceps muscle arises from the lateral intermuscular
septum. $ (True)
37f. The lateral intermuscular septum is pierced by the radial nerve. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 724), the radial nerve
passes posterior to the lateral intermuscular septum, but does not pierce it.
37g. The lateral intermuscular septum extends along the lateral supracondylar line.
$ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 724), the lateral
intermuscular septum extends along the lateral supracondylar line of the humerus.
38a. The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle arises from the coronoid process and
sublime tubercle. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 736), the ulnar head of the
flexor digitorum superficialis muscle arises from the coronoid process of the ulna
and the medial epicondyle of the humerus, while the radial head arises from the
superior half of the anterior border of the radius and the adjacent interosseous
membrane.
38b. The tendons of the little and index fingers travel superior to those of the
middle and ring fingers. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 736), the tendons of the
middle and ring fingers of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle travel
superior to those of the index and little fingers.
39a. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle assists the pronator quadratus in
pronation. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), the pronator quadratus
muscle is the prime mover of pronation, while the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
assists in flexion of the fingers and wrist.
39b. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle is supplied 10% of the time purely by
the median nerve. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), in about 10% of cases,
the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is supplied purely by the median nerve,
without any contribution from the ulnar nerve.
39c. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle is the strongest muscle of the forearm.
$ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), the flexor digitorum
profundus muscle is one of the strongest muscles of the forearm, but it is not the
strongest.
39d. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle partly inserts into the flexor
retinaculum. $ (False)
profundus muscle does not insert into the flexor retinaculum, but rather into the
distal phalanges of the fingers.
39e. The action of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is enhanced by wrist
flexion. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), the action of the
flexor digitorum profundus muscle is strengthened by wrist extension, not flexion.
39f. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle attaches to the olecranon and anterior
surface of the radius. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), the flexor dig
40a. The flexor pollicis longus muscle is a unipennate muscle with fibers inserting
into its radial side. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 91), the flexor pollicis longus muscle
is a bipennate muscle with fibers inserting into the base of the distal phalanx of
the thumb.
41a. The pronator teres muscle is the most powerful pronator. $ (False)
muscle is the most powerful pronator of the forearm.
41b. The palmaris longus muscle is absent in 30% of cases. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 736), the palmaris longus
muscle is absent in about 14% of cases.
41c. The flexor pollicis longus muscle is unipennate. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 91), the flexor pollicis longus muscle
is a unipennate muscle.
41d. The flexor carpi radialis muscle runs over the whole length of the flexor
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 736), the flexor carpi
radialis muscle runs over the distal half of the flexor retinaculum and the palmar
aponeurosis.
41e. The pronator quadratus muscle arises from the lower end of the radius. $
(False)
muscle arises from the distal fourth of the ulna and the interosseous membrane, and
inserts into the distal fourth of the radius.
42a. The flexor pollicis longus muscle is the deepest mid-forearm structure. $
(False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), the median nerve is
the deepest mid-forearm structure, descending between the flexor digitorum
superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus muscles.
42b. The median nerve is the deepest mid-forearm structure. $ (True)

the deepest mid-forearm structure, descending between the flexor digitorum
superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus muscles.
42c. The basilic vein is the deepest mid-forearm structure. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 750), the basilic vein is a
superficial vein that courses along the medial aspect of the upper arm and forearm,
but not the deepest mid-forearm structure.
42d. The radial artery is the deepest mid-forearm structure. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 750), the radial artery is a
deep artery that courses along the lateral aspect of the forearm, but not the
deepest mid-forearm structure.
42e. The ulnar nerve runs between the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum
superficialis muscles. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), the ulnar nerve runs
between the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus muscles.
43a. All lumbrical muscles are supplied by the ulnar nerve. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 770), the first and second
lumbrical muscles are supplied by the median nerve, while the third and fourth
lumbricals are supplied by the ulnar nerve.
43b. Lumbrical muscles form proprioceptive bridges between flexors and extensors. $
(True)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 120), lumbrical muscles form
proprioceptive bridges between the flexor and extensor muscles of the hand.
43c. Lumbrical muscles aid in flexion of the terminal phalanx. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 770), lumbrical muscles flex
the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints, but do not
aid in flexion of the terminal phalanx.
43d. Lumbrical muscles oppose the actions of the interossei muscles. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 112), lumbrical muscles work in
conjunction with the interossei muscles to produce movements of the hand.
43e. Lumbrical muscles arise from the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis
muscle. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 112), lumbrical muscles arise from the
tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle, not the flexor digitorum
superficialis muscle.
43f. All lumbrical muscles are supplied by the ulnar nerve. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 770), the first and second
lumbrical muscles are supplied by the median nerve, while the third and fourth
lumbricals are supplied by the ulnar nerve.
43g. Lumbrical muscles form a proprioceptive bridge between flexors and extensors.
$ (True)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 120), lumbrical muscles form
proprioceptive bridges between the flexor and extensor muscles of the hand.
44a. The interossei muscles of the hand arise from the flexor retinaculum. $
(False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 832), the interossei muscles
of the hand arise from the metacarpal bones, not the flexor retinaculum.
44b. The palmar interossei muscles cause abduction of the fingers. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 833), the palmar interossei
muscles cause adduction of the fingers, while the dorsal interossei muscles cause
abduction of the fingers.
44c. The palmar interossei muscles have two heads of origin. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 833), the palmar interossei
muscles are unipennate, meaning they have only one head of origin.
44d. The interossei muscles of the hand are innervated by the deep branch of the
ulnar nerve. $ (True)
of the hand are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve.
44e. The combined action of the palmar and dorsal interossei muscles causes
abduction of the fingers. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 833), the combined action of
the palmar and dorsal interossei muscles assists the lumbrical muscles in flexion
of the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints.
44f. When acting together, the interossei muscles of the hand flex the
metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 833), when acting together
with the lumbrical muscles, the interossei muscles of the hand flex the
metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.
44g. The interossei muscles of the hand arise from the tendons of the flexor
digitorum superficialis muscle. $ (False)
of the hand arise from the metacarpal bones, not the tendons of the flexor
digitorum superficialis muscle.
44h. The palmar interossei muscles have two heads of origin. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 833), the dorsal interossei
muscles have two heads of origin, while the palmar interossei muscles are
unipennate.
44i. The interossei muscles of the hand abduct the fingers. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 833), the dorsal interossei
muscles abduct the fingers, while the palmar interossei muscles adduct the fingers.
44j. The interossei muscles of the hand are chiefly responsible for flexion of the
metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints. $ (False)
of the hand work in conjunction with the lumbrical muscles to produce movements of
the hand, but are not chiefly responsible for flexion of the metacarpophalangeal
joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints.
44k. The interossei muscles of the hand insert into the proximal phalanx. $ (True)
of the hand insert into the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion of the
fingers.
44l. The interossei muscles of the hand insert into the dorsal expansion. $ (True)
of the hand insert into the dorsal expansion (also called the extensor expansion)
of the fingers.
44m. When acting together, the dominant action of the interossei muscles is
adduction of the fingers. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 833), when acting together
with the lumbrical muscles, the dominant action of the interossei muscles is
flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal
joints, not adduction of the fingers.
45a. Palmar interossei muscles have two heads. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 833), palmar interossei
muscles are unipennate and do not have two heads.
45b. Palmar interossei muscles abduct the fingers. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 833), palmar interossei
muscles adduct the fingers, while the dorsal interossei muscles abduct the fingers.
45c. Palmar interossei muscles are chiefly responsible for flexion of the
metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 833), lumbrical muscles are
chiefly responsible for flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of
the interphalangeal joints, not palmar interossei muscles.
46a. Lymphatics pass through the clavipectoral fascia. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), lymphatics pass through the
clavipectoral fascia.
46b. The cephalic vein passes through the clavipectoral fascia. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), the cephalic vein passes through
the clavipectoral fascia.
46c. The medial pectoral nerve passes through the clavipectoral fascia. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), the medial pectoral nerve does
not pass through the clavipectoral fascia.
46d. The thoracoacromial artery passes through the clavipectoral fascia. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), the thoracoacromial artery does
not pass through the clavipectoral fascia.
46e. The lateral pectoral nerve passes through the clavipectoral fascia. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), the lateral pectoral nerve passes
through the clavipectoral fascia.
47a. Both quadrangular and triangular spaces share the same medial border. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), both quadrangular and triangular
spaces share the same medial border, which is formed by the long head of the
triceps brachii muscle.
47b. The circumflex scapular artery passes through the quadrangular space. $
(False)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), the circumflex scapular artery
passes through the triangular space, not the quadrangular space.
47c. The long head of the triceps brachii muscle forms a border of both spaces. $
(True)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), the long head of the triceps
brachii muscle forms the medial border of both the quadrangular and triangular
spaces.
47d. The triangular space admits the radial nerve. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), the triangular space admits the
radial nerve.
47e. Teres minor does not form a boundary of either space. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), teres minor forms the superior
border of the quadrangular space when viewed from behind.
47f. The circumflex humeral artery passes through the triangular space. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), the circumflex humeral artery
passes through the triangular space.
47g. Both quadrangular and triangular spaces share the same medial border. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), both quadrangular and triangular
spaces share the same medial border, which is formed by the long head of the
triceps brachii muscle.
47h. The circumflex humeral artery passes through the quadrangular space. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), the circumflex humeral artery
passes through the triangular space, not the quadrangular space.
47i. The long head of the triceps brachii muscle borders both spaces. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), the long head of the triceps
brachii muscle forms the medial border of both the quadrangular and triangular
spaces.
47j. The triangular space admits the radial nerve. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), the triangular space admits the
radial nerve.
47k. Teres minor does not form a border to either space. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 65), teres minor forms the superior
border of the quadrangular space when viewed
48a. There are 3 palmar spaces. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 765), there are 2 palmar
spaces in the hand - the midpalmar space and the thenar space.
48b. There is a septum between the midpalmer and thenar spaces. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 765), the midpalmar and
thenar spaces are separated by a septum formed by the lateral border of the palmar
aponeurosis and the third metacarpal bone.
48c. There are deep transverse ligaments in the hand. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 767), there are deep
transverse ligaments in the hand that extend from the palmar carpal ligament to the
metacarpal bones, dividing the hand into multiple compartments.
48d. Digital nerves are palmar to arteries in midpalmer space. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 768), the digital nerves are
located dorsal to the digital arteries in the midpalmar space.
49a. Brachial artery is lateral to the radial artery in the cubital fossa. $
(False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 731), the brachial artery is
medial to the radial artery in the cubital fossa.
49b. Median nerve is lateral to the radial artery in the cubital fossa. $ (False)
medial to the radial artery in the cubital fossa.
49c. Biceps tendon is lateral to the radial artery in the cubital fossa. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 731), the biceps tendon is
located lateral to the radial artery in the cubital fossa.
49d. Posterior interosseous nerve is lateral to the radial artery in the cubital
fossa. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 731), the posterior
interosseous nerve is located lateral to the radial artery in the cubital fossa.
50a. The nerve to pronator teres is derived from the radial nerve. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 731), the nerve to pronator
teres is a branch of the median nerve, not the radial nerve.
50b. Radial nerve is medial to biceps tendon in the cubital fossa. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 731), the radial nerve is
located lateral to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa.
50c. The ulnar artery lies superficial to the pronator teres. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 731), the ulnar artery is
located deep to the pronator teres muscle.
50d. Radial artery originates from brachial artery. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 731), the radial artery
arises from the brachial artery in the cubital fossa.
50e. The median nerve lies lateral to the brachial artery in the cubital fossa. $
(False)
located medial to the brachial artery in the cubital fossa.
50f. Posterior interosseous nerve lies lateral to radial nerve in the cubital
fossa. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 731), the posterior
interosseous nerve is located lateral to the radial nerve in the cubital fossa.
50g. The medial cutaneous nerve to the forearm lies medial to the basilic vein. $
(False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 731), the medial cutaneous
nerve to the forearm runs with the basilic vein, but is located lateral to it in
the cubital fossa.
51a. Median nerve and flexor policis longus are superficial. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 775), the flexor pollicis
longus tendon is located deep to the median nerve in the carpal tunnel.
51b. Flexor policis longus has its own sheath. $ (True)

longus tendon has its own synovial sheath in the carpal tunnel.
51c. FDS and FDP tendons lie within the same sheath at the tunnel. $ (True)
superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus tendons share a common synovial sheath
in the carpal tunnel.
51d. FCR tendon may pierce the flexor retinaculum. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 772), the flexor carpi
radialis tendon may pierce the flexor retinaculum before entering the carpal
tunnel.
51e. FCU lies within the canal of Guyon. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 840), the ulnar nerve and
artery, not the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, pass through the canal of Guyon.
51f. Tendon of FPL and median nerve lie in superficial compartment. $ (False)
located superficial to the flexor pollicis longus tendon in the carpal tunnel.
51g. Eight flexor tendons share a common sheath. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 775), the four tendons of
the flexor digitorum superficialis and the four tendons of the flexor digitorum
profundus share a common synovial sheath in the carpal tunnel.
51h. Tendon of FPL and median nerve lie in superficial compartment. $ (False)
located superficial to the flexor pollicis longus tendon in the carpal tunnel.
51i. Eight flexor tendons share a common sheath. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 775), the four tendons of
the flexor digitorum superficialis and the four tendons of the flexor digitorum
profundus share a common synovial sheath in the carpal tunnel.
51j. FPL in same sheath. $ (False)

longus tendon has its own synovial sheath in the carpal tunnel.
51k. Median nerve runs superiorly. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 775), the median nerve runs
superiorly to the flexor pollicis longus tendon in the carpal tunnel.
52a. Midpalmar space extends into lumbrical canals distally. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy (p. 829), the midpalmar space
extends distally into the lumbrical canals.
52b. Midpalmar space is continuous with common carpal space. $ (False)

is separate from the common carpal space.
52c. Midpalmar space extends proximally to the origin of FDS. $ (True)

extends proximally to the origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis.
52d. Lumbrical tunnels are located within the midpalmar space. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Netter's Clinical Anatomy (p. 829), the lumbrical tunnels
are located dorsal to the midpalmar space.
52e. The midpalmar space contains common synovial sheaths. $ (False)

does not contain any synovial sheaths.
53a. The anatomical snuff box has the trapezium palpable at its base. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 780), the trapezium and
scaphoid bones are palpable at the base of the anatomical snuff box.
53b. The anatomical snuff box has the extensor pollicis longus tendon on its ulnar
side. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 749), the abductor pollicis
longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons form the radial border of the
anatomical snuff box, while the extensor pollicis longus tendon forms the ulnar
border.
53c. The anatomical snuff box contains the posterior interosseous artery. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 780), the anatomical snuff
box contains the radial artery, not the posterior interosseous artery.
53d. The anatomical snuff box lies between the extensor pollicis longus and
abductor pollicis longus tendons. $ (True)
box lies between the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons
on the radial side, and the extensor pollicis longus tendon on the ulnar side.
53e. The anatomical snuff box is most obvious with the thumb abducted. $ (False)
box is most obvious with the thumb extended and adducted.
53g. Branches of the radial nerve can be palpated over the tendons in the
anatomical snuff box. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 780), the radial nerve does
not pass through the anatomical snuff box and its branches cannot be palpated
there.
53h. The cephalic vein begins in the roof of the anatomical snuff box. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 68), the cephalic vein begins in the
roof of the anatomical snuff box.
53i. The bones palpable in the anatomical snuff box are the radial styloid,
scaphoid, trapezium and the base of the first metacarpal. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 780), the radial styloid,
scaphoid, trapezium and the base of the first metacarpal are palpable in the
anatomical snuff box.
53j. The tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis longus form one
boundary of the anatomical snuff box. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 749), the abductor pollicis
longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons form one boundary of the anatomical
snuff box, while the extensor pollicis longus tendon forms the other.
53k. On one side of the anatomical snuff box is the extensor pollicis brevis tendon
and on the other are the extensor pollicis longus and abductor pollicis pollicis
tendons. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 749), on one side of the
anatomical snuff box are the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
tendons, and on the other side is the extensor pollicis longus tendon.
53l. A cutaneous branch of the radial nerve is palpable in the roof of the
anatomical snuff box. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 780), a cutaneous branch of
the radial nerve lies in the roof of the anatomical snuff box.
53m. The cephalic vein is in the floor of the anatomical snuff box. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Last's Anatomy (p. 68), the cephalic vein begins in the
roof of the anatomical snuff box.
53n. The radial artery is palpable in the floor of the anatomical snuff box. $
(True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 780), the radial artery is
palpable in the floor of the anatomical snuff box.
53o. The scaphoid, trapezium, first metacarpal and radial styloid are palpable in
the anatomical snuff box. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 780), the scaphoid,
trapezium, first metacarpal and radial styloid are palpable in the anatomical snuff
box
55. Circumflex scapula is not a branch of the axillary artery. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 1029), the circumflex
scapular artery is a branch of the subscapular artery, which arises from the
axillary artery.
56a. The radial artery is medial to the radial nerve in the forearm. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 751), the radial artery and
radial nerve do not cross and are located in separate compartments in the forearm.
The radial nerve is lateral to the radial artery.
56b. The radial artery goes under the supinator at the elbow, below the
brachioradialis. $ (True)
passes deep to the supinator muscle at the elbow and travels along the lateral
aspect of the forearm, deep to the brachioradialis muscle.
56c. The radial artery is lateral to the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa.
$ (True)
located lateral to the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa.
56d. In its middle third, the radial nerve is medial to the radial artery. $
(False)
lateral to the radial artery in the middle third of the forearm.
56e. The radial artery lies deep to the brachioradialis muscle in the upper arm. $
(True)
located deep to the brachioradialis muscle in the upper arm.
56f. The radial artery passes under both the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor
pollicis longus tendons. $ (False)
passes deep to both the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
tendons, but not between them.
56g. The radial artery forms both the anterior and posterior carpal arches. $
(True)
gives off branches that form both the anterior and posterior carpal arches in the
hand.
56h. The radial artery is the largest branch of the brachial artery. $ (False)
Explanation: The radial artery is not a branch of the brachial artery, but rather a
continuation of the brachial artery in the forearm.
56i. The radial artery is lateral to the radial nerve. $ (False)

located medial to the radial nerve in the forearm.
57a. The brachial artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 725), the axillary artery is
a continuation of the subclavian artery, which becomes the brachial artery as it
passes through the axilla.
57b. The brachial artery runs parallel but deep to the profunda brachii. $ (False)
located anterior to the profunda brachii artery.
57c. The median nerve crosses the brachial artery posteriorly. $ (False)
located anterior to the brachial artery.
57d. The brachial artery lies anterior to the cephalic vein. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 725), the cephalic vein is
57e. The brachial artery lies lateral to the brachial plexus. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Blitz's Clinical Anatomy (p. 264), the brachial artery is
located lateral to the brachial plexus in the axilla.
55. Circumflex scapula is not a branch of the axillary artery. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 1029), the circumflex
scapular artery is a branch of the subscapular artery, which arises from the
axillary artery.
56a. The radial artery is medial to the radial nerve in the forearm. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 751), the radial artery and
radial nerve do not cross and are located in separate compartments in the forearm.
The radial nerve is lateral to the radial artery.
56b. The radial artery goes under the supinator at the elbow, below the
brachioradialis. $ (True)
passes deep to the supinator muscle at the elbow and travels along the lateral
aspect of the forearm, deep to the brachioradialis muscle.
56c. The radial artery is lateral to the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa.
$ (True)
located lateral to the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa.
56d. In its middle third, the radial nerve is medial to the radial artery. $
(False)
lateral to the radial artery in the middle third of the forearm.
56e. The radial artery lies deep to the brachioradialis muscle in the upper arm. $
(True)
located deep to the brachioradialis muscle in the upper arm.
56f. The radial artery passes under both the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor
pollicis longus tendons. $ (False)
passes deep to both the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus
tendons, but not between them.
56g. The radial artery forms both the anterior and posterior carpal arches. $
(True)
gives off branches that form both the anterior and posterior carpal arches in the
hand.
56h. The radial artery is the largest branch of the brachial artery. $ (False)
Explanation: The radial artery is not a branch of the brachial artery, but rather a
continuation of the brachial artery in the forearm.
56i. The radial artery is lateral to the radial nerve. $ (False)

located medial to the radial nerve in the forearm.
57a. The brachial artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery. $ (False)

a continuation of the subclavian artery, which becomes the brachial artery as it
passes through the axilla.
57b. The brachial artery runs parallel but deep to the profunda brachii. $ (False)
located anterior to the profunda brachii artery.
57c. The median nerve crosses the brachial artery posteriorly. $ (False)
57d. The brachial artery lies anterior to the cephalic vein. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 725), the cephalic vein is
57e. The brachial artery lies lateral to the brachial plexus. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Blitz's Clinical Anatomy (p. 264), the brachial artery is
located lateral to the brachial plexus in the axilla.
58a. The axillary artery arises from the vertebral artery. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 699), the axillary artery
arises from the subclavian artery.
58b. The axillary artery has no branches in its third part. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 702), the axillary artery
has three branches in its third part: the circumflex scapular artery, the posterior
circumflex humeral artery, and the subscapular artery.
58c. The axillary artery is clasped in its third part by the cords of the brachial
plexus. $ (False)
clasped by the cords of the brachial plexus in its second part, not the third part.
58d. The axillary artery supplies the pectoral muscles via the superior thoracic
artery. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 702), the superior thoracic
artery arises from the first part of the axillary artery and supplies the first and
second intercostal spaces and the pectoral muscles.
58e. The axillary artery is divided into three parts by teres minor. $ (False)
divided into three parts by the pectoralis minor muscle.
60a. The ulnar artery has the ulnar nerve lying medial to it in the forearm. $
(True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 759), the ulnar nerve is
located medial to the ulnar artery in the forearm.
60b. The ulnar artery has the ulnar nerve lying lateral to it in the forearm. $
(False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 759), the ulnar nerve is
located medial to the ulnar artery in the forearm.
60c. The ulnar artery supplies the deep palmar arch. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 815), the ulnar artery gives
off branches that contribute to the formation of the superficial palmar arch, which
anastomoses with the deep palmar arch.
60d. The common interosseous artery is the major branch of the ulnar artery. $
(True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 760), the common
interosseous artery is the first branch of the ulnar artery and divides into
anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.
60e. The pulsation of the ulnar artery can be felt radial to the flexor carpi
ulnaris muscle. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 759), the ulnar artery is
located deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle in the forearm.
61a. Superficial lymphatics of the arm follow the volar aspect. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 750), most of the
superficial lymphatics of the arm follow the volar aspect, but some follow the
dorsal aspect.
61b. Superficial lymphatics of the arm travel with arteries. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 750), the superficial
lymphatics of the arm travel with the superficial veins.
61c. Deep lymphatics of the arm travel with veins. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 750), the deep lymphatics of
the arm travel with the deep veins.
61d. The hand drains into the apical lymph nodes in the axilla. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 750), the hand drains into
the axillary lymph nodes, but not specifically the apical nodes.
62a. The coracoclavicular ligament is not important in joint stability. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 787), the coracoclavicular
ligament (which has two parts: the conoid and trapezoid ligaments) is important in
stabilizing the acromioclavicular joint.
62b. The acromioclavicular joint is a synovial joint. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 784), the acromioclavicular
joint is a plane-type synovial joint.
62c. The acromioclavicular joint is supplied by the suprascapular nerve. $ (False)

joint is supplied by branches of the lateral supraclavicular nerve.
62d. Movement of the acromioclavicular joint is passive. $ (False)

joint is moved by the surrounding muscles, including the trapezius, deltoid, and
rotator cuff muscles.
62e. The acromioclavicular joint has a thickening of fibers on top that constitutes
the acromioclavicular ligament. $ (True)
joint has a thickening of fibers on top that forms the acromioclavicular ligament.
63a. The sternoclavicular joint is supplied by nerve branches C8 and T1. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 781), the sternoclavicular
joint is supplied by the medial supraclavicular nerves, which arise from the C3 and
C4 spinal nerves.
63b. The sternoclavicular joint contains two fibrocartilaginous discs. $ (False)

joint contains one fibrocartilaginous disc and two compartments.
63c. The sternoclavicular joint is the fulcrum of movements of the sternoclavicular

joint. $ (Unclear)
Explanation: This statement is unclear and contradictory.
63d. The sternoclavicular joint is mostly stabilized by the costoclavicular

ligament. $ (False)
joint is stabilized by four ligaments: the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular
ligaments, the interclavicular ligament, and the costoclavicular ligament.
63e. The sternoclavicular joint communicates with the manubriosternal joint. $

(True)
joint communicates with the manubriosternal joint via the intra-articular disc.
64a. Loss of the greater tuberosity leads to loss of abduction and lateral
rotation. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 811), the greater tuberosity
of the humerus serves as the attachment site for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus,
and teres minor muscles, which are responsible for abduction and lateral rotation
of the arm. Loss of the greater tuberosity would result in loss of these movements.
7. True or False: Injury to the medial nerve affects all of the arm flexors.
Answer: False. Injury to the median nerve affects all of the arm flexors, not the
medial nerve.
8a. True or False: If the median nerve is injured at the level of the wrist,
opposing the thumb to the little finger cannot be performed.
Answer: True. According to medical books, opposing the thumb to the little finger
cannot be performed if the median nerve is injured at the level of the wrist.
8b. True or False: If the median nerve is injured at the level of the wrist, the
tip of the thumb cannot be flexed.
Answer: False. The tip of the thumb can still be flexed if the median nerve is
injured at the level of the wrist. The flexor pollicis longus is supplied by the
anterior interosseous nerve, which is a branch of the median nerve in the distal
part of the cubital fossa.
9a. True or False: Inability to flex the DIP joint of the index finger is a
probable lesion in an injury to the wrist with impairment of abduction of the
thumb.
Answer: False. Inability to flex the DIP joint of the index finger is not a
probable lesion in an injury to the wrist with impairment of abduction of the
thumb. The innervation to the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor digitorum
superficialis (FDS) is the median nerve, but it is above the wrist. The lumbricals
2, 3, and 4 and interossei will still be working from the ulnar nerve.
9c. True or False: Inability to oppose the thumb to the little finger is a probable
lesion in an injury to the wrist with impairment of abduction of the thumb.
Answer: True. According to medical books, inability to oppose the thumb to the
little finger is a probable lesion in an injury to the wrist with impairment of
abduction of the thumb. Both abductor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis are
supplied by the median nerve.
3a. True or False: The upper arm receives supply from T4.
Answer: False. The upper arm does not receive supply from T4.
3b. True or False: The upper arm and forearm are supplied by C3,4,5,6,7,8,TZ1.
Answer: False. The upper arm and forearm are not supplied by C3. They are supplied
by C5-T1.
3c. True or False: The upper arm dermatomes are C4,5,8,T1.

Answer: True. According to medical books, the upper arm dermatomes are C4,5,8,T1.
3d. True or False: Elbow flexion is C7,8.

Answer: False. Elbow flexion is not C7,8. It is C5,6.
3e. True or False: The thumb dermatome is C8.

Answer: False. The thumb dermatome is not C8. It is C6.
4a. True or False: C5 is responsible for shoulder adduction.

Answer: False. Shoulder adduction is not controlled by C5. It is controlled by
C6,7.
5a. True or False: Pronation involves C7 via pronator quadratus and pronator teres.
Answer: False. Pronation is controlled by C6 via pronator teres and C8 via pronator
quadratus.
5b. True or False: Supination involves C6 via supinator and biceps brachii.
Answer: True. According to medical books, supination involves C6 via supinator and
biceps brachii.
5c. True or False: Shoulder adduction involves C6,7,8.

Answer: True. According to medical books, shoulder adduction involves C6,7,8.
5d. True or False: Wrist flexion involves C6,7,8 (FCU + FCR).

Answer: True. According to medical books, wrist flexion involves C6,7,8 and is
performed by the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis.
5e. True or False: Wrist extension involves C6,7,8 (ECRL and brevis and ECU).
Answer: True. According to medical books, wrist extension involves C6,7,8 and is
performed by the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis and extensor carpi
ulnaris.
0b. True or False: Loss of sensation over the thenar eminence makes the diagnosis
of carpal tunnel syndrome unlikely.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the palmar cutaneous branch of the median
nerve comes off before the carpal tunnel, so loss of sensation over the thenar
eminence is not a symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome.
11a. True or False: The radial nerve runs with profunda brachii in the radial
groove.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the radial nerve runs with profunda
brachii in the radial groove.
11b. True or False: The radial nerve contains fibers from C5,6,7,8 only.
Answer: False. The radial nerve contains fibers from C5-T1.
11c. True or False: The radial nerve has no cutaneous branches in the upper arm.
Answer: False. The radial nerve supplies the skin of the posterior aspect of the
arm via the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm and forearm.
11d. True or False: The radial nerve occupies the whole length of the radial
groove.
Answer: False. The radial nerve lies for most of its length behind the medial head
of the triceps, separating it from bone. Only at the lateral edge of the humerus is
the nerve in contact with the periosteum of the lower end of the radial groove.
11e. True or False: The radial nerve runs with profunda brachii in the radial
groove.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the radial nerve runs with profunda
brachii in the radial groove.
11g. True or False: The radial nerve contains only fibers of C5,6,7.
Answer: False. The radial nerve contains fibers from C5-T1.
11h. True or False: The radial nerve occupies the entire length of the radial
groove.
Answer: False. The radial nerve lies for most of its length behind the medial head
of the triceps, separating it from bone. Only at the lateral edge of the humerus is
the nerve in contact with the periosteum of the lower end of the radial groove.
11i. True or False: The radial nerve passes through the quadrilateral space.
Answer: False. The radial nerve comes through the triangular space.
11j. True or False: The radial nerve gives off the posterior interosseous nerve in
the radial groove.
Answer: False. The radial nerve gives off the posterior interosseous nerve at the
level of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
12a. True or False: The digital nerve branches of the ulnar nerve lie superficial
to the superficial palmar arch.
Answer: False. According to medical books, the digital nerve branches of the ulnar
nerve lie deep to the superficial palmar arch.
12b. True or False: The digital nerve of the ulnar nerve lies dorsal to the digital
artery along the fingers.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the digital nerve of the ulnar nerve lies
dorsal to the digital artery along the fingers.
12c. True or False: The common digital nerves of the ulnar nerve lie superficial to
the superficial arch.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the common digital nerves of the ulnar
nerve lie superficial to the superficial arch.
12d. True or False: Palmar nerves only supply the palmar surface.
Answer: True. Palmar nerves only supply the palmar surface.
12e. True or False: Digital nerves are only sensory.

Answer: True. Digital nerves are only sensory.
12f. True or False: The digital nerve of the ulnar nerve lies posterior to the
digital artery.
Answer: False. The digital nerve of the ulnar nerve lies palmar to the digital
artery.
13a. True or False: The dorsal scapular nerve supplies the deep part of the
rhomboids.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the dorsal scapular nerve supplies the
deep part of the rhomboids and the levator scapulae.
13b. True or False: The dorsal scapular nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus at
C4.
Answer: False. While the dorsal scapular nerve arises chiefly from the posterior
aspect of the ventral ramus C5, it frequently receives contributions from C4 as
well.
14a. True or False: The extensor carpi radialis longus is supplied by the posterior
interosseous nerve.
Answer: False. The extensor carpi radialis longus is supplied by a radial nerve
branch above the elbow, before the posterior interosseous nerve is given off.
14b. True or False: The anconeus is supplied by a radial nerve branch that leaves
the trunk in the radial groove.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the anconeus is supplied by a radial
nerve branch that leaves the trunk in the radial groove.
14c. True or False: The extensor carpi ulnaris is supplied by the posterior
interosseous nerve.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the extensor carpi ulnaris is supplied by
the posterior interosseous nerve.
15a. True or False: The radial nerve and brachioradialis pass through the muscle
shown.
Answer: False. The radial nerve and brachioradialis do not pass through the muscle
shown. They run between the brachialis and brachioradialis.
15b. True or False: The posterior interosseous nerve and supinator pass through the
muscle shown.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the posterior interosseous nerve and
supinator pass through the muscle shown.
15c. True or False: The musculocutaneous and coracobrachialis pass through the
muscle shown.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the musculocutaneous and coracobrachialis
pass through the muscle shown.
15d. True or False: The ulnar nerve and flexor digitorum superficialis pass through
the muscle shown.
Answer: False. The ulnar nerve passes through the muscle shown, but the flexor
digitorum superficialis passes through the ulnar tunnel, not the muscle shown.
15e. True or False: The median nerve and pronator teres pass through the muscle
shown.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the median nerve and pronator teres pass
through the muscle shown.
16a. True or False: C3/4 supply the pectoral and upper shoulder.
Answer: False. C3/C4 supply the neck. The pectoral region is supplied by T1-T5.
16b. True or False: Branches of the brachial plexus supply the arm and forearm.
Answer: True. Branches of the brachial plexus supply the arm and forearm.
16c. True or False: C4/5/6 T1 supply the majority of the arm.

Answer: False. While C4/5/6 do supply some of the arm, the majority is supplied by
C7 and C8.
17a. True or False: Arteries are superficial to digital nerves on the palm of the
hand.
Answer: False. According to medical books, digital nerves run from the palmar to
the dorsal side, with arteries running superficial to them.
17b. True or False: Digital nerves are purely sensory.

Answer: True. Digital nerves are purely sensory.
18a. True or False: The extensor carpi radialis longus is supplied by the posterior
interosseous nerve in the cubital fossa.
Answer: False. The extensor carpi radialis longus is supplied by a branch of the
radial nerve.
18b. True or False: The anconeus is supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve in
the cubital fossa.
Answer: False. The anconeus is supplied by a branch of the radial nerve that leaves
the trunk in the radial groove.
18c. True or False: The extensor carpi radialis brevis is supplied by the posterior
Answer: Unclear. Medical books do not provide a definitive answer to this question.
18d. True or False: The extensor digitorum is supplied by the posterior

Answer: True. According to medical books, the extensor digitorum is supplied by the
posterior interosseous nerve in the cubital fossa.
18e. True or False: The supinator is supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve
in the cubital fossa.
Answer: True. According to the book "LASTS Anatomy: Regional and Applied," the
supinator is supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve in the cubital fossa.
19. Which muscle initiates shoulder abduction?

Answer: c. Supraspinatus. While the deltoid is the chief abductor of the shoulder,
the supraspinatus initiates shoulder abduction for the first 10 degrees.
20. Which muscle causes lateral rotation of the shoulder?

Answer: b. Teres minor. According to medical books, teres minor is responsible for
lateral rotation of the shoulder. The deltoid is a synergist for this movement, and
the infraspinatus is the main muscle responsible for lateral rotation.
19a. True or False: The multipennate center of the deltoid initiates shoulder
abduction.
Answer: False.
19b. True or False: The anterior and posterior fibers of the deltoid initiate
shoulder abduction.
Answer: False.
19c. True or False: The supraspinatus initiates shoulder abduction for the first 10
degrees but the deltoid is the chief abductor.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the supraspinatus initiates shoulder
abduction for the first 10 degrees, and the deltoid is the chief abductor.
19d. True or False: The teres minor aids in lateral rotation of the shoulder.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the teres minor aids in lateral rotation
of the shoulder.
20a. True or False: The subscapularis causes lateral rotation of the shoulder.
Answer: False.
20b. True or False: The teres minor causes lateral rotation of the shoulder.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the teres minor causes lateral rotation
of the shoulder.
20c. True or False: The teres major causes lateral rotation of the shoulder.
Answer: False.
20d. True or False: The deltoid causes lateral rotation of the shoulder.
Answer: False. While the deltoid is a synergist for lateral rotation, it is not the
main muscle responsible for it.
20e. True or False: The serratus anterior causes lateral rotation of the shoulder.
Answer: False.
20f. True or False: Lateral rotation of the shoulder is conducted by muscles

supplied by C5.
Answer: False. While C5 is involved in shoulder movement, lateral rotation is
primarily conducted by the teres minor and infraspinatus, which are supplied by
nerves from C5 and C6.
20g. True or False: Lateral rotation of the shoulder is associated with shoulder
adduction.
Answer: False. Lateral rotation of the shoulder is associated with shoulder
abduction.
21a. True or False: The capsule stabilizes the abducted shoulder.

Answer: True. According to medical books, the capsule helps to stabilize the
abducted shoulder.
21b. True or False: The long head of the triceps stabilizes the abducted shoulder.
Answer: False. While the triceps muscle does contribute to shoulder stability, it
is not specifically involved in stabilizing the abducted shoulder.
21c. True or False: The glenohumeral ligament stabilizes the abducted shoulder.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the glenohumeral ligament helps to
stabilize the abducted shoulder.
21d. True or False: The coraco-acromial arch stabilizes the abducted shoulder.
Answer: False. While the coraco-acromial arch provides some support for the
shoulder joint, it is not specifically involved in stabilizing the abducted
shoulder.
21e. True or False: The gleno-humeral joint stabilizes the abducted shoulder.
Answer: False. While the glenohumeral joint is involved in shoulder stability, it
is not specifically involved in stabilizing the abducted shoulder.
21f. True or False: The stabilization of the abducted shoulder is largely due to
the glenoid labrum.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the glenoid labrum plays an important
role in stabilizing the abducted shoulder.
21g. True or False: The stabilization of the abducted shoulder is mainly due to the
glenohumeral ligaments.
Answer: False. While the glenohumeral ligaments do contribute to shoulder
stability, they are not specifically involved in stabilizing the abducted shoulder.
21h. True or False: The stabilization of the abducted shoulder is due mainly to the
musculotendinous cuff.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the musculotendinous cuff (rotator cuff)
plays a major role in stabilizing the abducted shoulder.
22a. True or False: The subscapularis is part of the rotator cuff.

Answer: True. According to medical books, the subscapularis is one of the four
muscles that make up the rotator cuff.
22b. True or False: The teres major is part of the rotator cuff.
Answer: False. The teres major is not part of the rotator cuff.
22c. True or False: The teres minor is part of the rotator cuff.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the teres minor is one of the four
22d. True or False: The infraspinatus is part of the rotator cuff.

Answer: True. According to medical books, the infraspinatus is one of the four
22e. True or False: The supraspinatus is part of the rotator cuff.

Answer: True. According to medical books, the supraspinatus is one of the four
23a. True or False: The pectoralis major directly attaches the pectoral girdle
(scapula/clavicle) to the thorax.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the pectoralis major has a proximal
attachment to the clavicle and sternum and an insertion on the humerus, and
therefore helps to attach the pectoral girdle to the thorax.
23b. True or False: The pectoralis minor directly attaches the pectoral girdle
Answer: False. While the pectoralis minor is involved in stabilizing the scapula,
it does not directly attach the pectoral girdle to the thorax.
23c. True or False: The subclavius directly attaches the pectoral girdle
Answer: False. The subclavius muscle attaches the clavicle to the first rib, but it
does not directly attach the pectoral girdle to the thorax.
24a. True or False: Protraction of the scapula is primarily caused by the serratus
anterior.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the serratus anterior is the primary
muscle responsible for protraction (forward movement) of the scapula.
24b. True or False: Depression of the scapula is primarily caused by the rhomboid
muscles.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the rhomboid muscles (major and minor)
help to retract (pull back) and depress (lower) the scapula.
24c. True or False: The teres minor is responsible for lateral rotation of the arm.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the teres minor is one of several muscles
involved in lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder joint.
25a. True or False: The latissimus dorsi muscle arises from the spinous processes
of T2 to L5.
Answer: False. According to medical books, the latissimus dorsi muscle arises from
the spinous processes of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (T7 to L5).
25b. True or False: The latissimus dorsi externally rotates the humerus.
Answer: False. According to medical books, the latissimus dorsi medially rotates
the humerus when it is adducted (brought toward the body).
25c. True or False: The latissimus dorsi inserts into the lesser tuberosity of the
humerus.
Answer: False. According to medical books, the latissimus dorsi inserts on the
floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
25d. True or False: The latissimus dorsi spirals around the upper border of the
teres major muscle.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the latissimus dorsi spirals around the
upper border of the teres major muscle as it inserts on the humerus.
25e. True or False: The latissimus dorsi arises from the iliac crest.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the latissimus dorsi has a broad origin
that includes the iliac crest, lower ribs, and thoracolumbar fascia.
26a. The teres major forms the upper border of the triangular space. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 691), the teres major muscle
forms the upper border of the triangular space, along with the teres minor and long
head of the triceps brachii.
26b. The teres major muscle adducts and medially rotates the arm. $ (False)
adducts and extends the arm, but does not medially rotate it.
26c. The teres major muscle forms the lower border of the quadrilateral space. $
(True)
forms the lower border of the quadrilateral space, along with the teres minor, long
head of the triceps brachii, and humerus.
26d. The teres major muscle is supplied by the axillary nerve. $ (False)
is supplied by the lower subscapular nerve, which arises from the posterior cord of
the brachial plexus, not the axillary nerve.
26e. The teres major muscle arises from the dorsal surface of the inferior angle of
the scapula. $ (False)
arises from the inferior angle of the scapula, but not from the dorsal surface of
it.
27a. The deltoid muscle is supplied by the axillary nerve. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 711 and 691), the deltoid
muscle is supplied by the axillary nerve, which arises from the posterior cord of
the brachial plexus.
27b. The deltoid muscle has a multipennate arrangement for maximal range of
movement. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 695), the deltoid muscle has
a unipennate anterior and posterior part, and a multipennate middle part, not a
multipennate arrangement for maximal range of movement.
27c. The deltoid muscle inserts into the bicipital groove. $ (False)
a proximal attachment that includes the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion,
and spine of the scapula, and a distal insertion at the deltoid tuberosity of the
humerus, not the bicipital groove.
27d. The deltoid muscle is unipennate. $ (False)

a unipennate anterior and posterior part, and a multipennate middle part, not being
unipennate.
27e. The deltoid muscle originates from the deltoid tubercle on the humerus to the
lateral portion of the clavicle, spine of the scapula, and acromion. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 691), the deltoid muscle
originates from the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the
scapula, as well as from the deltoid tubercle on the humerus.
28a. The subclavius muscle inserts into the first costochondral joint. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 719), the subclavius muscle
inserts into the first costochondral joint, which is the joint between the first
rib and its costal cartilage.
28b. The subclavius muscle is important in stabilizing the clavicle with shoulder
movement. $ (True)
is important in stabilizing the clavicle during movements of the shoulder, such as
elevation and protraction.
28c. The subclavius muscle is supplied by the medial pectoral nerve. $ (False)
is supplied by the nerve to subclavius, which arises from the upper trunk of the
brachial plexus, not the medial pectoral nerve.
29a. The serratus anterior muscle protracts the scapula. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 688), the serratus anterior
muscle protracts the scapula, meaning it pulls the scapula forward and around the
thorax.
29b. The serratus anterior muscle is formed by 8 muscular slips. $ (True)

muscle is formed by eight muscular slips, which originate from the upper eight
ribs.
29c. The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the thoracodorsal nerve. $ (False)
muscle is supplied by the long thoracic nerve, which arises from the brachial
plexus.
29d. The serratus anterior muscle rotates the shoulder medially. $ (False)
muscle rotates the scapula, not the shoulder.
29e. The serratus anterior muscle is unipennate. $ (False)
muscle has fleshy slips, rather than being unipennate.
29f. The serratus anterior muscle arises from the upper 8 ribs. $ (True)
muscle arises from the upper eight ribs.
29g. The serratus anterior muscle is supplied by the thoracodorsal artery. $

(False)
muscle is supplied by the superior thoracic artery.
30a. The pectoralis major muscle is the only muscle that can be used to test all
levels of the brachial plexus. $ (False)
Explanation: There are multiple muscles that can be used to test different levels
of the brachial plexus, not just the pectoralis major muscle.
30b. The pectoralis major muscle adducts the arms. $ (True)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 687), the pectoralis major
muscle adducts the arm, meaning it pulls the arm toward the midline of the body.
30c. The pectoralis major muscle attaches to a tuberosity and has two heads. $
(True)
muscle has two heads - the clavicular head, which attaches to the anterior surface
of the medial half of the clavicle, and the sternocostal head, which attaches to
the anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages, and the
aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. Its distal attachment is at the lateral
lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
30d. The pectoralis major muscle is an accessory muscle of respiration. $ (True)

muscle can act as an accessory muscle of respiration during forceful and deep
breathing.
30e. The pectoralis major muscle abducts the arm and medially rotates the humerus.
$ (False)
muscle adducts and medially rotates the arm, but does not abduct it.
30f. The costal part of the pectoralis major muscle has bone attachments. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 752), the costal part of the
pectoralis major muscle attaches proximally to the costal cartilages.
30g. The pectoralis major muscle is supplied by all the roots, not branches, of the
brachial plexus. $ (True)
muscle is supplied by all the roots of the brachial plexus, which arise from the
spinal cord segments C5-T1.
30h. The pectoralis major muscle is more triangular in shape, not quadrilateral. $
(True)
muscle is more triangular in shape.
30i. The pectoralis major muscle inserts to the lateral lip of the bicipital
groove. $ (False)
muscle inserts proximally at the clavicular and sternocostal heads, and distally at
the lateral lip of the intertubercular
31a. All origins of the triceps brachii muscle are below the radial groove and
deltoid ridge. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 723), all three heads of the
triceps brachii muscle originate below the radial groove and deltoid ridge of the
humerus.
31b. The triceps brachii muscle has a curved origin. $ (Unclear)

Explanation: The statement is unclear and does not match any information found in
Moore's Clinical Anatomy.
32a. The triceps brachii muscle is supplied by the posterior interosseous artery. $
(False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 722), the triceps brachii
muscle is supplied by the deep brachial artery, not the posterior interosseous
artery.
32b. The triceps brachii muscle is supplied by the radial nerve. $ (True)
muscle is supplied by the radial nerve, which arises from the posterior cord of the
brachial plexus.
32c. The triceps brachii muscle only has two heads. $ (False)
muscle has three heads - the long head, lateral head, and medial head.
32d. The triceps brachii muscle stabilizes the shoulder in adduction. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 722), the primary action of
the triceps brachii muscle is to extend the elbow joint, not stabilize the
shoulder.
32e. Humeral shaft fractures are unlikely to compromise the nerve supply of the
triceps brachii muscle. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 722), the nerve supply to
the triceps brachii muscle arises from high in the brachial plexus, making it less
likely to be compromised by humeral shaft fractures.
35a. The brachialis muscle is innervated by the radial nerve. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 723), the brachialis muscle
is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.
35b. The brachialis muscle inserts into the upper third of the humerus. $ (False)
inserts into the distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus.
35c. The brachialis muscle inserts into the coronoid process of the ulna. $ (True)
inserts into the coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna.
35d. The brachialis muscle arises from the upper third of the humerus. $ (False)
arises from the distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus.
35e. The brachialis muscle inserts into the coronoid process and tuberosity of the
ulna. $ (True)
inserts into the coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna.
35f. The brachialis muscle is supplied exclusively by the radial nerve. $ (False)
is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.
35g. The brachialis muscle is a powerful supinator of the forearm. $ (False)

flexes the forearm, but does not participate in supination.
35h. The brachialis muscle adducts the arm. $ (False)

does not participate in adduction of the arm.
36a. The pronator teres muscle is a pure pronator. $ (False)

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), the pronator teres
muscle is a pronator of the forearm and a flexor of the elbow joint.
36b. The pronator teres muscle attaches to the maximal concavity of the radius. $
(False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), the pronator teres
muscle attaches to the most lateral point of the radius, which occurs approximately
in the middle of its curved body.
36c. The ulnar nerve goes between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle. $
(False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), the ulnar nerve does
not pass between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle, but rather between the
two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.
37a. The medial head of the triceps muscle arises from the lateral intermuscular
septum. $ (True)
37b. The anterior branch of the profunda brachii artery pierces the lateral
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 724), the anterior branch of
the profunda brachii artery pierces the lateral intermuscular septum.
37c. The posterior branch of the profunda brachii artery pierces the lateral
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 724), the posterior branch
of the profunda brachii artery pierces the lateral intermuscular septum.
37d. The brachioradialis muscle is an anterior relation of the lateral

Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 724), the brachioradialis
muscle is an anterior relation of the lateral intermuscular septum.
37e. The medial head of the triceps muscle arises from the lateral intermuscular
septum. $ (True)
37f. The lateral intermuscular septum is pierced by the radial nerve. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 724), the radial nerve
passes posterior to the lateral intermuscular septum, but does not pierce it.
37g. The lateral intermuscular septum extends along the lateral supracondylar line.
$ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 724), the lateral
intermuscular septum extends along the lateral supracondylar line of the humerus.
38a. The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle arises from the coronoid process and
sublime tubercle. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 736), the ulnar head of the
flexor digitorum superficialis muscle arises from the coronoid process of the ulna
and the medial epicondyle of the humerus, while the radial head arises from the
superior half of the anterior border of the radius and the adjacent interosseous
membrane.
38b. The tendons of the little and index fingers travel superior to those of the
middle and ring fingers. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 736), the tendons of the
middle and ring fingers of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle travel
superior to those of the index and little fingers.
39a. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle assists the pronator quadratus in
pronation. $ (False)
muscle is the prime mover of pronation, while the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
assists in flexion of the fingers and wrist.
39b. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle is supplied 10% of the time purely by
the median nerve. $ (True)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), in about 10% of cases,
the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is supplied purely by the median nerve,
without any contribution from the ulnar nerve.
39c. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle is the strongest muscle of the forearm.
$ (False)
profundus muscle is one of the strongest muscles of the forearm, but it is not the
strongest.
39d. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle partly inserts into the flexor
profundus muscle does not insert into the flexor retinaculum, but rather into the
distal phalanges of the fingers.
39e. The action of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle is enhanced by wrist
flexion. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), the action of the
flexor digitorum profundus muscle is strengthened by wrist extension, not flexion.
39f. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle attaches to the olecranon and anterior
surface of the radius. $ (False)
Explanation: According to Moore's Clinical Anatomy (p. 737), the flexor dig
5a. True or False: The medial pectoral nerve is a branch of the medial cord and
originates from C8 and Ti.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the medial pectoral nerve is a branch of
the medial cord and originates from C8 and Ti.
5b. True or False: The lateral pectoral nerve is a branch of the lateral cord and
originates from C5-C7.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the lateral pectoral nerve is a branch of
the lateral cord and originates from C5-C7.
5c. True or False: The dorsal scapular nerve is a branch of the medial cord and
originates from ventral ramus C5.
Answer: False. The dorsal scapular nerve is not a branch of the medial cord. It
originates from the ventral ramus of C5.
5d. True or False: The axillary nerve is a terminal branch of the posterior cord
and originates from C5,6.
Answer: True. According to medical books, the axillary nerve is a terminal branch
of the posterior cord and originates from C5,6.
5e. True or False: The lower subscapular nerve is an anterior branch of the
posterior cord and originates from P711 moores.
Answer: False. The lower subscapular nerve is not an anterior branch of the
posterior cord. It is a branch of the posterior cord and originates from P7.
6a. True or False: The dorsal scapular nerve (nerve to the rhomboids) is a branch
of C6 from the cervical plexus.
Answer: False. The dorsal scapular nerve is not a branch of C6 from the cervical
plexus. It originates from the ventral ramus of C5 with a common contribution from
C4.
6b. True or False: The dorsal scapular nerve passes through scalenus medius.
Answer: False. The dorsal scapular nerve does not pass through scalenus medius.
6c. True or False: The dorsal scapular nerve usually gives a branch to serratus
anterior.
Answer: False. The dorsal scapular nerve does not usually give a branch to serratus
anterior.
6d. True or False: The dorsal scapular nerve does not supply levator scapulae.
Answer: False. The dorsal scapular nerve occasionally supplies levator scapulae.
6e. True or False: The dorsal scapular nerve is at risk of injury as it runs
superficial to the rhomboids.
Answer: False. The dorsal scapular nerve enters the deep surface of the rhomboids
and is not at risk of injury in that location.

Anatomy Primaries

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Anatomy Primaries

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Medial muscles of the thigh:

b. Are the myotomes for all muscles in this compartment L4-L5? $

d. Does the medial intermuscular septum attach to the fascia lata? $

b. Is the diameter of the trachea 1.5 cm? $

Lymphatics of the arm:

b. Do the deep lymphatics of the arm run with veins? $

c. Do the lymphatics of the arm not run with vessels at all? $

c. Does the white ramus communicans run from C1 to C7? $

d. Do the gray rami communicantes run from T1 to L5? $

b. Does the parasympathetic system innervate the adrenal glands? $

d. Is it essentially true that the parasympathetic system has no fibers? $

b. Are pivotal joints multi-axial? $

c. Are hinge joints multi-axial? $

d. Is the surface of a joint concave? The stem is unclear.

Regarding pectoralis major:

Regarding serratus anterior:

b. Is it supplied by the dorsal scapular nerve? $

c. Does it protract the scapula? $

c. Does the S1 segment supply all the foot muscles? $

c. Does the saphenous vein have no valves? $

b. Is the posterior fontanelle composed of occipital, parietal, and temporal bones?

c. Are paranasal sinuses present at birth but small? $

d. Have the bones of the skull ossified by birth? $

Age changes in the face of a child:

b. Is most of the growth of the vertical face in the maxillary sinus? $

c. Is the mandible fused by around 3 years? $

d. The stem is incomplete.

b. Do deciduous teeth erupt between 6 months and 3 years? $

c. Is the crown of a tooth covered by cement? $

d. The stem is incomplete.

Avulsed greater tubercle of humerus:

b. Do the rhomboid muscles contribute to depression of the scapula? $

c. Does the pec major muscle contribute to protraction of the scapula? $

b. Is the axillary vein not in a sheath? $

c. Does the dorsal scapular nerve come from the C5 root? $

d. Does the nerve to the subclavius come from C5 and C6? $

Tibial collateral ligament:

c. Does the tibial collateral ligament blend in with the capsule of

14a. Is the motor nucleus of CN V located in the medulla? $

14b. Is the motor nucleus of CN V located in the pons? $

15a. Is there no clear stem for this question? $

16a. Is the trachea 1.5cm wide? $

16b. Does the trachea contain trachealis? $

16c. Is the trachea a fibrocartilaginous tube? $

16e. Is the brachiocephalic trunk located on the left of the trachea? $

21a. Is the length of the ureters 40 cm? $

21c. Are the ureters innervated by L2 and L3? $

21d. Does the ureter cross anterior to the vas deferens? $

21e. Is the ureter intraperitoneal? $

22a. Is the ovarian artery a branch of the external iliac artery? $

23a. Does CSF provide cushioning for the brain? $

23b. Is 1000ml of CSF produced per day? $

23c. Is CSF produced by the brain? $

23d. Is CSF absorbed by the choroid plexus? $

24a. Is the posterior longitudinal ligament pierced when performing an LP? $

24b. Is the ligamentum flavum pierced when performing an LP? $

24c. Is the interspinous ligament pierced when performing an LP? $

24d. Is the supraspinous ligament pierced when performing an LP? $

24e. Is the dura mater pierced when performing an LP? $

27a. Do scalp wounds gape due to the aponeurosis? $

27b. Do scalp wounds cause massive bleeding due to the anastomosis? $

28d. Is the dorsal scapular nerve at

29a. Will damage to the ipsilateral cervical chain cause ptosis? $