VHE-UHF MANUAL SEMEL NSS PGE TNE OL LY TENSITY AN RSGB PUBLICATION LL | *VHF/UHF MANUAL (3rd edition) by DS Evans, PhD, AIM, G3RPE, andG R Jessop, CEng, MIERE, G6JP Edited by R A Staton, BSc RADIO SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN 35 Doughty Street, London, WC1N 2AETHIRD EDITION First printing 1976 Reprinted 1977, 1978, 1979 with corrections Published by the Radio Society of Great Britain, 35 Doughty Street, London WC1N 2AE © Radia Society of Great Britain, 1976. All rights resorved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying. recording or otherwise. without the prior permission of the Radio Society of Great Britain. ISBN 0 900612 31 2 Printed in Great Britain by The Garden City Press Ltd, Letchworth, Hertfordshire SG61JSCONTENTS Chapter Pages 1 Introduction 11to 14 2 Propagation 24 t0 222 3 Tuned circuits 3.1 to 3.13 4 Receivers A1to 4.66 5 Transmitters 5.110 5.115 6 Fitters 6.1 to 68 7 Asrials 7.1to 7.36 8 Microwaves 8.110 8.70 9 Space communication 91t0 9.15 10 Test equipment and accessories 10.1 to 10.44 n Data 11.110 11.7PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION UK Cl pansy of the 7, thatthe opportuni for future development will be fo PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION In prescating this thd edition of the manus, it has been rsognized that ators acive onthe vhf and UA se in antert in the shFACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Authors express their thanks to all those who have assisted in the compilation of the third edition of this Manual, particularly the following who provided material for this specific purpose: Chapter 2. R G Flavell, FRMetS, G3LTP Chapter 4 R S Hewes, TEng (cet), FSERT, G3TDR Chapter 9 R Phillips, GECXJ Chapter 10 A Goddard, G3NQR J Pennell, GSEFP Certain charts appearing in Chapter 7 are reproduced with the permission of Jaybeam Engineering Limited Al diagrams and charts appearing in this manual were drawn by DE Cole.1 INTRODUCTION HE problems of reliable communication increase as the frequency is raised, so that the range on vhf and uf is largely dictated by the prevailing conditions. Tn the region above 3GHz, propagation more closely follows line of sight, although extended range contacts are possible under favourable conditions. These higher frequen- (Ges are considerably affected by natural precipitation (rain or snow). Very long range contacts are however possible with the hulp of Amateur Satellites (OSCARS) or by moon-bounce, ‘usually designated eme, for earth-moon-earth, Tn recent years there has been an increase in amateur activity in the shf region, undoubtedly assisted by a feature ‘onthe subject in Radio Communication, At these frequencies the techniques required are markedly different from those ‘employed in the vhf and uhf region. There has also been 4 substantial increase in amateur television activity on the 70cm band, using reasonably simple equipment to obtain good quality high definition pictures. ble to the amateur pat pep. jax de ABA bad Band power input only n Sow W to Tad aeMtts sow so0w bbardwigth 200k em DOMHz and 450M 1s0w s00w dem 12s 1s0W $00 em sow 400w Before considering any of the problems that are likely to arise at the higher frequencies, itis necessary to establish the actual bands and space available. The actual frequency allocations, together with power limits, are given in Table LA. Fig LL. shows piciorally the relative position of the amateur bands at frequencies over 30MHz, and Fig 1.2shows, the rdationship beween the 70, 144, 432 and 1,296MHz bands. Fig 1,2 shows that although the 4m band is not harmoni- cally related to all the other bands it is nevertheless suitable for multiplying into the 70 and 23em bands, Normally, however, this band is regarded as the odd band in this respect ‘and most operation is derived from 2m exciters 23cm sit Fig 1.2 Relationship batwann 70, 144, 432 and 1.26MKz bends 1.1VHF/UHF MANUAL 2m Band Plan genon i P se con ZOcm Band Plan \ Seize sae oo {Local uate should oporale Betweon 433-<94Mis during contest ad bard 23cm Band Plan 1.261 350-1.283.000 W mot i = 1'206.000-1 296010 EME RYT ealng Not Leweawns —Lesocaui™ Fig 1.3. Present |ARU Region 1 band plans for the 144, 432 and 1,296MHz bandsnd Table 1.2 Amateur frequency allocations, together with power restrictions and other qualifications Frequency Classes Rep. for bands itt) Cor ASR ana See (A) emis AMT emis: Footnote ‘ion ‘ome Ne soe Cb) only See ty) Vand 3 70025-70-7 Ww Da|W 2 Oo RABIAR, ee Slo and 2 144145 ASACAMH, —_— Aue er? 1s90w — 400W Wand 12 145-146 “and FS T,7and ® 430-432 Al A2, A3. Fh F2 and Tand it 432-440 T 2is-1225 Vand 11 1,225-1.200 AI. A2. a3, z ANAL ASL, 1100-1525 AMLFILFS, sow s0ow Tand 11 2,300-2450 1 3,400-3,475 Tand 11 §,650-5850 and 11 10,000-10,500 and 11 24,000-28,050 1,9 and 11 24,050-28,250 Vand 6 2.380-2400 PID. P2D, 28W mean Vand 6 5:700-5800 ‘PIE, PID’ powerand — — Vand 6 10:080-10,450 and PSE BSkW peak Footnctes 4. This band is allocated to stations in the amateur service on Secondary basis on condition that they shall mot ease Intes= Terence t other services, 2. Thisband is shared by other services 3. This band is available to amateurs unt! further notice provided ‘ha use by the Heensee of ant trequeney in the band shall ewase Immediately on the demand of 1 Government official. 4. The following spot acronautical Frequencies must be avoided whenever this band is used: 1440 and 140-S4NHe, 5.Thetypeof transmission known as Radio Teleprinter (RTTY) ‘ay not be used in this band. & Use by the licensee of any frequency in this bang shall be only with tke prior written consent of the Secretary of State. Z,This hand isnot available for uce within the area bounded by SYNGE, SS'NODE, 35'N O3W and SN OW. & In this hand the power must not exzeed 10W erp (alfestive radiated power). 8 Uce by the licensee of any frequency in this band shall only be with prior written consent of the Secretary of Sate tnd such ‘onset shall indicate the power which may be used, taking into ‘Consideration the charaeteristie of the lvensees station 10, Slow sean television may be used in this band. 11, High defi 12, Facsimile transmissi dion television (ASF) may be used in this band. (A4, F4) may be used in this band. 13, Data transmission may be used within the frequency bands HRAnMEMMs tnd above provided the stun callsign i announced in morse or telephony atleast once every {3 minutes nd () emission seontained within the banowith normally used Tortetephony. (A). Artifiial satellites, may not be used by stations ia the amateur service except in the bands. 7-7-10MUlz, 14-18: 25M Hz, SP SNaSAitte. 28:99 7M 184 140MMay "85-438, 34,000-24050Mz, @. The symbols used to designate the classes of emission have the’ meanings assigned to them inthe Telecommunication CSnvention. They ar Amplitude modalation "A Telegraphy by on-off keying without the use of a moéulat- dng audio Trequetcy [AZ Telegraphy. by on-off keying of n amplitude-modulating ug fegueney or Frequencies or by on-off keying of the ‘modulated emission AS Telephony, double sideband. Aaa Telephony, single sideband, reduced cartier. ASH Telephon” single sideband, fll carrier AMI Telephony, single sideband, suppressed earie. Ad Facsimile (With amplitude modulation of main carrier Gither directly or by a frequency modulated subcarrier), ‘AS Television, amplitude modulated carrier (vsion oniy). Frequency (or phase) modulation FI Telegraphy by frequency shift Keying without the ase of ‘modulating audio frequency, one of the two Frequencies being ‘emitted at any instant F2 Telegraph by ono keying of a frequency mod audio frequency or on-ofl Keying of a frequency modulated ¥5 Telephony. 4 Facsimile with frequency modulation of main carrier directly FS Television, frequency modulated carrier (vision only) Pulse modatation raphy by on-off keying of a pulsed carrier without the use ofa modulating audig frequency PAD "Telegraphy "by ‘ono Rening ofa, modulating, audie Pulled carter the audio frequency or froqusnetes modulting Ficampitud ofthe pa ee a ee , legrophy by enol keying of @ modulating, audio Frequeney-or Tequcncts or By ono kesing of mostlated Pulted carriceife audio fequeney or frequencies modulating Thewidth (ordurstion of the pulses. BSD Telephony. amplitude modulated pulses. P3E Telephony, width (or duration) modulated pulses. (©). DC input power isthe total direct current power input to (i) ‘ano eet othe aba) or fi any other ce neresne (D). Asan alternative, for AJA and A3I single sideband types of emission, the power shall be determined by the peak envelope power (Prep. Under linear operation. The radio Tequency output Beak emelope power under linear operation shall be limited to 2.667 times the de input power appropriate tothe frequency band Soncerned. This column fives the maimum power determined BS the methad which may be used. (). Double sideband suppressed carrier emissions are per mitted within the terms of this licence. 1.3