mm) 1 (cle) a ors Tat re ero 5 Oe ee arcades BTS ito CULE NL eeepc ot 1. Advantages of Stee Structures 5, Compression Members 2, Stoel Properties 6, Secand Order ets 2 Design Basics 4 Toson Members 1 Stability Design ‘DVANTAGES OF STEEL STRUCTURES eee ‘Stee! structures serve larger spans than most of the concrete structures. Linsiehiineeleednened etait oe en ‘Steel structures have a lighter ow weight than concrete structures, a senate ane ea oe a an ee a Se niel emenacerrn eo ee noes | | | & nos-Gc | 33 | 60-60 : =a soar [elfen] § [Tesco [a | so ‘Stress-Strain curve of stee! material, is as shown in Fig 1. z La = = = Lee. ‘The yplcal carves dived ina vee pases § [asoea [36 [se wm0s26 [36 | 68-00 Eas sion: avons é ASOL-GAB 50, nm ABT2-Gr 42 a oo ooeennneca re wnat a Pi gon rt wens | | m0 wea | | ‘eovietria othe oat es | sae mune |e Sino Satretese oases | wena |e | Paste Region (ekg) . “mos3-s0__| 50-65 | 65 ‘08-6 5 0 | eon ce i See pa ressea| 0 | mentee || aa ia atin jer nese || etganes ews woe tee woes es) 8 seni enn pi wens [ 56 [a reset [|e Sesion rsp ee ssreeco0_|_60 | 76 6-65 | 65] a0 From "Proportional Limit” point to “Fracture Point: NSTRETES 5 LJ AVO66-Gr.70 n LJ imecrabat| s0_| or TAUCTURAL EEL SES weet ee). [ee [oe nasessior_, Fig a me «| a 2 ed ee mosow | so | mo | 6S 1888 a[ os ua! a 2 a ese wea | @ |r a [| 05. €)Forallolte above metas, at eonatns stl become inte ras 8) Urcrtainy teen, bs: and commacton strength ané shes ae inp {ules inal tbe equine avalata stengthtthe cose fo hs [isna a fio fu [ui fia fia [sna ho fio fio ffi fais fuss fs Cc Cepyigt © mercn ain oS Come oped Wh poms Alo Reseed| Interpolation between values in tis table may produce an incoec rest eee ee SEY faa [a0 [0 [a0 100 ‘nr eR or ee SON weet pc a Cooma asame: cp 2 Ce i a ts ie et et prerage ir tmteont nan tagccnar sar sees ‘nwa an i ry ngayon sume gages mss epee eat, See a ay nso cned way wr ma red ht wa wade, nu he rar es tse bh peg ern hea ‘issn oe Mill1. DesignforFlenure 2, Design for Shear sta He PC aL) oa ior ann, ay eee Bas 7 Flour membre re members ‘i beng mant ‘ot beams EBS OF SINGLY SMMETRIC-SHAPED SECTIONS OWED SHAPED Wy More aye teens es ‘SECTIONS Mp Baste bende et 94-038 /E E08 | withSeSe<07 xavw/f Sins 2 ae ne rs Yr MOTE SR ESae sa aie by von none OnGIa sre avnoue anos oh Tl anyf ~LaeBes Levels of flexural stresses: weouewee puns eve, n=095 5 LOVE 7 FT sulL-uPLshiPeD SecrONs Fuices oF (SINGLE AND DOUBLE SYMMETRIC) eee. 4S rawomeean —@9 nora sts tienen, onset hate = ° aeuayE gts het sre member re subject othe flowing fare: sey ell eel aaoayE ot ave Werterenaintatemocisine, Miele sieaa tw H Fane coven sic moment Alsecin cements (relwdng exces cial Ses ANTES {eb flange] a yeldng. ° ewe LESS OF SINGLE ANGLES PHA PLATES SETEEN UES OF FASTENERS OF WELDS Uhenfrue sess competsntange When eure ste een, taceds he poste sen fe an ange cede he pase eng iE F tia the rcorencecfongeloca bucking. of long atone crane Menoamy/E ps fo eg a2eee $ tttange et buling aww fee ea ‘When the moment in beam exceeds the cr =e limiting orrat of teal torsional bucking Ts sila to lnge ocal bucking, SETAE RUDGUARES WES OF RECTANGULAR TS CCnsiparedghrenesdslmtngiengh, ant Rocars ink of args Sees ND BOK SELTONS Tentisue sess inte cmessinfange "Whenfenre sexs nthe WE [> Gtsietrctes GesoRecampece, — tslehchal sesthe net FE Az fang Bie wal noun Je a Baye \ UB is an overall mode of failure that occurs to the whale member forall shapes a s “encept Round HSS, and for shapes subject to minoe bering. 2 ‘STEMS OF TES ROUND HSS, ‘Tepito ese noe depen en he tha etn ati of etn elenents z — eborfages ch else compet non conga and sent. are wounyE pata jase aah lasticaton of soctons subject fone VE 1 When the section element (web or flange) has 2 Sip, the element is compect. WEBS OF DOUBLY SYMMETRIC ‘ 4. Menthe secton element we rl hat eZ, he eee a conpet 1 sHAPED SECTIONS AD HANELS FLANGES OF a0 SECIONS 5 Menthe secon eemet web or tage) hese ements send “she waive cess ao. The Liming Wit to-Ticknss Ratio Ay & A 1 LL, eos srmernc or Ne seoTON For slender web |shaped members. For compact/non-compact web of | x beni ‘built-up shaped members, with Sw/Six 20.7 ran tn tar “1 new tse % Ld « FeSySe_|Forcompactinon compact web of bultap Fshaped meaner, ae LT} > fg I >} « a ‘Slat section mods ered to ein flange. ‘Slash section modulus refered to compression lange. The lateral torsional Belling modification factor Cy Clator account te etlet of onan manent dstbutin on the strength of Berl sional bucking (ig cy TILE . by M tou Ue A 0 * v0 wo sw > Denotes to braced point. Cantever beams shale restrained against warping. Available strongth of Members Subject to Flere 1: Able treat is general based on he braced points o beams/gidr that, arerestained agaist taton about relongtudna us. 2.For singly symmetric section, sutect o reverse cuvaur bending LB shal be checked fer bath anges. ‘SCE UE ghee SEED IcaReptredTaleraiolhe Amery ofGlgresALINTSAEWninasdNPa\sUOX AL EOIATONSAREFOUASEEO LOX in encesrtrd rs fo EQUATIONS = mala compressive ergh autolte pre cibendng walle UB rong rhe mao a8 fenre using AOR espero @ ‘i ae postive when ging tension inthe ange end negative when giving compression inthe ange. Ps avalable aia strength rte itt fensile rupture af he net sacton, Mer ava able fen stength forthe lint stato nile rupture ofthe net sation using ean (HS) "incase of tensile ruptr in enue doesnot poy, Use fp determined wth les inthe flange, (© Pein Bracing Fecuted ial Stength: Py, =0.01P, EB Aged al Sess: Bor = Sy = 2( ED on 08. FD) 0-200" (AS) ‘y= unbaces pain brace imum eaied ail tenth ofthe column within ‘the unbraced nat ajaentto the pot brace i= requted ania stress based (on ASD or AED methods, z on 8 c= required ena Stress aboutmajorprncpal as (i) and int pring f fais 2} sed on ASD or RFD methods respectively Sep= arable sess [asx ale ear ses tut nr Pings wonder papal Fon ASD or LAFD matnads, respective PIEEER Al ofthe above required stresses Sha inde secon ode eects hohe above stresses shall be determinedat theca posts of he eos oan 1 ‘ASYMMETRIC AND OTHER moe SUBIECT 16 QNOMENT AMAL) = Round and Rectangular HS subject io torsen Bie Go Taha @ "2, SS subject to Combined Torsion, Shea, lowmnmeanres ignore torsional fects and follow |@ When 7;> 02re: (Fi) +(¥+#) <10 @ rand ie su cc ED aisieore eta, > ons Members subject a Torsion and Combined Sess: ‘f= 9 (FD) P= FT RSD) = Minimum of: ‘)eléng under nomalstess: f= Fy 1) ing under shearsress: ©) Bucking fr Fer= buckling sss forth section *onsrsned lca yeldng is permitted adjacent toateasthatreman eat. gens suRicr ro ToRsion MEMBERS SURIECT 0 COMBINED TORSION, HENURE SHEAR, AND/O8 AMAL FORCE =a Rupture of Flanges with Holes subjectod tension fachangy seta nin nd esha Te checked separa by 2 Mn <1 0 oo |@ mewsen stasicity aRAcin Typos of Bracing Systoms: Tits apes to etn of racingin the Section] 10 Lateral Bracing Tis typeof bracing that races ony the cometing poirtn the secon of he member agaist ter ‘movement Therefore when a ater rscing tached {othe shear center ofthe section, only resists the fear bucing major aor minor as), both flanges are restvaned by tw tral rang ‘tems the Seton can e's esa tional bucking, torsional bucking to, LTB in ation to len bullng iv] Beam Bracing © Later Brecng ( VE “VL ee “Fequired Shear Strength: Vir: eed Shear tess: 6-075 EEDD UY) 0-200 50) (= 1eaceptiorbeam with dole cuvature, ‘coset othe infection pi. ols Aequred Ava strength: P. Required fia Stes: ies = 075 (LR) CD fasion ring isa ype ofa thatthe ‘scion he mente Sant tir ne fon mencn, Tout cw srewr Serkan, ee oan ae {sonal ataced any pin te section teams fn tron buen torso teking toon Tn acon tena bucking Types of racing Systems: an espects Covigaaon tracing nse secon (© Panel eacing (late rag) ts aye ot bacng ater the rl paceman tee end ie Seana bed rebar te ore © fomtncna Wot Bacrg tise ypectong "atcotae heitral sparen ds bare pon, vt esto wth eet acess, (© caninaus racing tsa typo beang atached ontmunsy reenter dang is etelengh sua deks or abe, “Reged Shear Stengt: Vor = 0.005P, ‘eS Sts y= 9 (382) Sy =} (ED i e-07 (uA) a-200 SG JOE ubacedlength within he pret onder y= reed al Seng ofthe cau win the panel under conseraton : 3 | the id i t 8 3 | BIR gags p18 o Testun racing Ce wa) lo rantbecne = 1X Sie a oa (Es a f= moment oferitfthe compression ange ebout thea. ramet finer the tesonfenge abouthe ys. thiknes of web siflene number of raced pots within the span equ stines othe veal brace sytem. we dstrsional tines, including he eect seb wanserse stifness, oe (lei... ly ‘equied Foxe Srength per Dai Lenoth ace sength fom eqn (26-8) max ermited unbraced length of the beam Aogulted enue Stites er Unt Lang: race stifes fom eqns (6-10 8&5: with Wed dtarsaal stifoss Fars[A6 4465] | Fas [A62)s468) Eqs ES]s(K67 | fans[h-4)(A58) ro strength and sows sl bs conaled te acura lear ath sea bang le Tesora eae Pes ae a ate the tls po es 0 ao Ar Cs eS ow IO ‘Sead heh bed erp ipl pny sha i es he oo pa ‘Eta stent it ner ant anptat gsr tr gro asst str het ory png pee SERS SPE SSSI ee is ene aly tn be eters enter sna so eine wee con ao ili:CONTENTS DESIGN OF STEEL er SS a a Pen is 1. Intreduetion to Connections 2 Designo Welds 4, Designo connecting Clements 5: Design af shear Connections 1 Design afbracing Connections & Desinafbase Connections TTC EAS 11 ca Coasts eerste Pores en sicecte Trp (rece oe 3: Deine ots ign fo 8 Ustot AIS ables. © Woke the advantage of ssembled anette it OFom the taal system of thestrcte, by chosing the degrees tftaedom MD orresrants oftheend of INTRODUCTION To CONNECTIONS: ‘connections i steel buildings have two major functions: symbols of Weles oe buldngs tobe fabricated inthe workshop, then hese, Symbols Cond each member "BRACED BAY STEEL QUILDING lo shear Connection ‘tom the supported member tothe supporting member, buttisteeto rotate about Xais& ats, {© Moment connection Types of Connections: Tansfrs shear axial forces Comection: se @Fhodaae foes nt aw any ate ewe LD ich Syb ao Teanstrs shear ai Contr Smt seein ‘errament rom he oat opening, op mote TA coumntothebase,a | AA seg fr up ™s ai caaperaa| = | 5 [== (ete spcna) serene Tense ay ea metome Tonnies iota ean bt Spr nenbe te rene bac a seeetiy ober remwatnaiaercad Nan || ‘not allow any lateral or Yaris, minanina ‘eae neon snotnse cones Ea iv ]svengh of wets cet Honing eg ote welds = inna fecal a tieboa ate fee {© ase ta Stength = Ry = auto @ Dnt setts 8 Vo a iad on neat Shs ape fe © Wield Metal Strength = Ro = FrwAue (Bad n Woke) DESIGN OF WELDS: | i] Types of Welded Joints: Fa" fov= oni ress fae ntl cos secon re oe met yAo, for base metal tensile rupture (9 = 09 & 0 = 167) e DF uA, for base metal shear rupture (@ = 0.9 & Q-= 167) @ favs nl stele wd etl eter oT) ostzomr CORNER JONT ‘effective weld area = effective weld length ()) ee “dec wats otro tie?) ie Porn ee = I] o fr. ° cece | Atlas Lng) fins thir at be Wastmmosmeasnams ES suc rosone | Acwnesteah) | yt aes cae te 4 Meco) pelea a | yl da “noe =| Fortswow/et ——[Wninun: TBLES i oc Faicowetsiiow: —|isenn cus |p ieee Fatys tin (onmin sty vo # =12'Sfoauw) swe fares th SARUAHOMTEENETRATION ho ruuoasiorwmes (END LORDED) |For > 300: @®) ws-16in(@mm) : itn atop) mw + fee wit ——o—e gg | Someone Ts ev0i000) SARA LE MENA ‘SOA Rend ofeolbe nen Seity Geen LINSEED ETEASTO' OOK cue aerate retam oon yee pel tess mage(3) DESIGN OF MOMENT CONNECTIONS: (J) DESIGN OF BASE CONNECTIONS: € t ‘© hnchor Rod Fracture due to Tension & hear: a . eos i Rabat ‘atbenn | Le if - eer’! gf I = ‘= reduced ae of anchor (thea part) = 075A, cont R FRAUD case cont BARNET ase ni| ——dotafuptseaststesr Berson | ve mas lal "ses sngreomt senda [av] meanest rato cow Pera | ots ares ental oun ange — aaa] TKI [pnenionsa eis csi sues [sl Gp sn rage Ne ape or esl (206 25) In See lea ane nce ree ne TAT tere eS Wood Se ea a [Onze dex eb mT "angrier Sees C ar vedig eae TE [nn ie sn dns compen Tea a | | 023 See Renerese rte xan Se | Sass nessend reba —| — 4) | [| Bae Yeats is | | ese Sas fel — sh Vater Paevm a ise | 383 [| se ald Cav es asoen | — gu) —| | S24 fea Sl scieaton Peon : Seaisgabeae Tha) | fos ge Gln asa at] feats oo a | Beg Can lange dan teon [sa src sara eso Tevsiea_| |“ hanedt Seal casos ans fe] enviigatcoumeneéoe ”lonaminal [ar[ansertod race een, Feta | [ese ge eat ate ea ington scampi [wa | |Conzvs at orien rosso | Paste Mace ll oS ri] BligdesuorNe se wcoreesen | yy | [Loman data at a abo | [Mano Pose ae renal sgh ae oa ash oe Comrie it [Coro See Fw an wiewen | aint | | 2D ne ea Se S| — Wea ae nS es stale | # wet Sa wes SEE Vsies iwt Oe Posl lene x] Pann areLer | yy | Pelmmwtime ores ara OR a (osenasandrec nei i [boc si sien vaeoar_| Paves jeaate Seg aa ‘Hl Reo oe vty Ld bs Seg al RET Gi Reais a | [iW] tence montdrt ses foagou | [iNest Reason cd it a cn 1s [Heiter incertae | —mpasati | [eX fies Gn shes Conran Vani ia] cnssigetgiere ste | 20H | Telmestarsman ine tesacore | taser | [RST Jui Shas cr it aepecrmmnsnmaTasuall jecesaeetontesnas ee ee ea fan | — Boor silos Conn Rags Wet Rupe (2481281 @ gearing Strength of Concrete: te Gurl ondcdeored frees W Sages al _rstieeauranenesewe Veauizsi| -Rnancortact ea) = Beating rea Sa foes cin et ems i errs (@ [HEC Treen ster amps secs. 2] eaten ere | ous om Less Seton Sura fr Congas ile our HS — ‘aha Contac ea) < Bearing Aa (fe a ae ss a a (tea aut oa) Py =0.856/A V/ArJA\ SL. 7EA, “Miz JuslableTenson Sena of Bo x] __ Doan We i are we 9=055, ‘o=2a1 (@D [ass “Bical coneciong nine Sip esc TRL or fs ese sn roa ots, | aacemmwee Trea Tonia soas avon sericea | [Ban fake a sear a Bot = Maximum ara ofthe suppring concrete suace, mn lng Siege ss [DESIGN OF BRACING CONNECTIONS: concer wih ose ae sv ets tence | iC 4 spetied compressive svength of once a a ed oh Sergh aes ae ae aoe onthe igh Sieh a Oneness F/R Joey © Bose Pate Vlding deo Compre Subp Sa gs SS om «oD atc: Gnas oe ERD i rele ee ts LI ects Sgt Ciena CoE a elem eat el co 2 lequted compression face (UF) ect ches 0 [stshmueseiasn anes. oyn192_] | crcl base late career dimension = max. Scien os ape SPS sore te. Dewi], aes io Sar eens rb wane] (ee ro ee esi ge ww AE ene Pats Comers [osfeibatne oa] *) A gl - Desh ire omecion (|e tne oes = @ gel Sr ec fuisofesgro sexier Cmectes (roar tft de 8 [stearic 0a iy Ge iene we "W00 Winunsde ecu Bar (5 eRe wa alae ee Se nec i lt 142] @ base Pate Velsng det Tesion Mins ss Seed Se seo 1 [omeeriaigvonalaieiametin | Wate] | Yeldng de otensen sessed by an Tits fag Leh Tce Sed Sse ES 1 [Rapes ‘eaisies_| _efecivewith othe weh asd on he range TF ona, * Reba da gp aS fanchor as wih expect 3 tr Se ci Erica cane en ‘column web the effective with (bs Tae aun spiees tern edison coca 48. THUS sen eC omecin Sc (© Aiton checks for Column (Comecionta Flange): (a an Tae ae Sen se Za ent nl Comets tna eat tne fest ise lot aon Checks or Clunn(Comacton to Web Inge oa ee vg (PS pitas Cane oan oOo Same as" Double Angle Connections 25080518) Me eannee Mus Tans? Tans eats ee ce am Sean Oy SMGETS Om, OTE RIN tl i» of a ce Ba te me samp ls nh eared wore pts ede ‘Stem slg tsa snr np oho ues cn ose tin ee Se ‘Svs a te Cargo ae ts vo teapots ca ar re YOHCAIIN ww wen asec sieamptian se eae rani hol dake owas © lili re 0