Fourier–Mukai transform

In algebraic geometry, a Fourier–Mukai transform ΦK is a functor between derived categories of

coherent sheaves D(X) → D(Y) for schemes X and Y, which is, in a sense, an integral transform along a
kernel object K ∈ D(X×Y). Most natural functors, including basic ones like pushforwards and pullbacks,
are of this type.

These kinds of functors were introduced by Mukai (1981) in order to prove an equivalence between the
derived categories of coherent sheaves on an abelian variety and its dual. That equivalence is analogous to
the classical Fourier transform that gives an isomorphism between tempered distributions on a finite-
dimensional real vector space and its dual.

Definition
Let X and Y be smooth projective varieties, K ∈ Db (X×Y) an object in the derived category of coherent
sheaves on their product. Denote by q the projection X×Y→X, by p the projection X×Y→Y. Then the
Fourier-Mukai transform ΦK is a functor Db (X)→Db (Y) given by

where Rp* is the derived direct image functor and is the derived tensor product.

Fourier-Mukai transforms always have left and right adjoints, both of which are also kernel transformations.
Given two kernels K1 ∈ Db (X×Y) and K2 ∈ Db (Y×Z), the composed functor ΦK ∘ ΦK is also a Fourier-
2 1
Mukai transform.

The structure sheaf of the diagonal , taken as a kernel, produces the identity functor on
b
D (X). For a morphism f:X→Y, the structure sheaf of the graph Γf produces a pushforward when viewed as
an object in Db (X×Y), or a pullback when viewed as an object in Db (Y×X).

On abelian varieties
Let be an abelian variety and be its dual variety. The Poincaré bundle on , normalized to be
trivial on the fiber at zero, can be used as a Fourier-Mukai kernel. Let and be the canonical projections.
The corresponding Fourier–Mukai functor with kernel is then

There is a similar functor

If the canonical class of a variety is ample or anti-ample, then the derived category of coherent sheaves
determines the variety.[1] In general, an abelian variety is not isomorphic to its dual, so this Fourier–Mukai
transform gives examples of different varieties (with trivial canonical bundles) that have equivalent derived
categories.
Let g denote the dimension of X. The Fourier–Mukai transformation is nearly involutive :

It interchanges Pontrjagin product and tensor product.

Deninger & Murre (1991) have used the Fourier-Mukai transform to prove the Künneth decomposition for
the Chow motives of abelian varieties.

Applications in string theory

In string theory, T-duality (short for target space duality), which relates two quantum field theories or string
theories with different spacetime geometries, is closely related with the Fourier-Mukai transformation.[2][3]

See also
Derived noncommutative algebraic geometry

References
1. Bondal, Aleksei; Orlov, Dmitri (2001). "Reconstruction of a variety from the derived category
and groups of autoequivalences" (http://www.mi.ras.ru/~orlov/papers/Compositio2001.pdf)
(PDF). Compositio Mathematica. 125 (3): 327–344. arXiv:alg-geom/9712029 (https://arxiv.or
g/abs/alg-geom/9712029). doi:10.1023/A:1002470302976 (https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3
A1002470302976).
2. Leung, Naichung Conan; Yau, Shing-Tung; Zaslow, Eric (2000). "From special Lagrangian
to Hermitian-Yang-Mills via Fourier-Mukai transform" (http://intlpress.com/site/pub/pages/jour
nals/items/atmp/content/vols/0004/0006/a005/index.html). Advances in Theoretical and
Mathematical Physics. 4 (6): 1319–1341. arXiv:math/0005118 (https://arxiv.org/abs/math/000
5118). doi:10.4310/ATMP.2000.v4.n6.a5 (https://doi.org/10.4310%2FATMP.2000.v4.n6.a5).
3. Gevorgyan, Eva; Sarkissian, Gor (2014). "Defects, non-abelian t-duality, and the Fourier-
Mukai transform of the Ramond-Ramond fields". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2014 (3):
35. arXiv:1310.1264 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.1264). doi:10.1007/JHEP03(2014)035 (http
s://doi.org/10.1007%2FJHEP03%282014%29035).

Deninger, Christopher; Murre, Jacob (1991), "Motivic decomposition of abelian schemes and
the Fourier transform", J. Reine Angew. Math., 422: 201–219, MR 1133323 (https://mathscin
et.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=1133323)

Huybrechts, D. (2006), Fourier–Mukai transforms in algebraic geometry, Oxford

Mathematical Monographs, vol. 1, The Clarendon Press Oxford University Press,
doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296866.001.0001 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aos
o%2F9780199296866.001.0001), ISBN 978-0-19-929686-6, MR 2244106 (https://mathscine
t.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=2244106)
Mukai, Shigeru (1981). "Duality between and with its application to Picard
sheaves" (http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.nmj/1118786312). Nagoya Mathematical Journal.
81: 153–175. ISSN 0027-7630 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-7630).
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