NICHOL T.

CORDERO
BSREM BATCH 3
Philippine Christian University

Activity No. 1
Explain the ff. concepts:
1. Regalian Doctrine
2. Lands of Public Domain
3. Right to own land
a. Basis and Restrictions
4. Modes of acquiring land ownership
5. Kinds of Land Ownership
6. Rights Included in Land Ownership
7. Stewardship Principle
8. Extent of Ownership
9. Hidden Treasure
10. Accession, Accretion, Alluvium and Avulsion
11. Limitations of Land Ownership
12. Concept of Title
13. Right to Own Real Estate
14. Movable and Immovable Properties
Note: You may refer to the provisions of the New Civil Code of the Philippines

Regalian Doctrine:
The Regalian Doctrine, based on the provisions of the New Civil Code of the Philippines, states
that all lands of the public domain and its natural resources belong to the State. It asserts that
the ownership and control over these lands reside with the government, and private individuals
can only acquire rights over these lands through lawful means and under specific conditions.
Lands of Public Domain:
Lands of the public domain refer to the areas owned by the government and are not privately
owned. These lands include those classified as agricultural, forest, mineral, and other
classifications as determined by law.
Right to Own Land:
a. Basis and Restrictions:
The right to own land is recognized under the laws of the Philippines, including the New Civil
Code. However, there are certain restrictions and limitations imposed to ensure that land
ownership serves the public interest, such as limitations on foreign ownership, agrarian reform
laws, and zoning regulations.
Modes of acquiring land ownership:
The modes of acquiring land ownership include original acquisition and derivative acquisition.
Original acquisition involves acquiring land that was previously not owned by anyone, while
derivative acquisition involves transferring ownership from one person to another through sale,
donation, inheritance, or other legal means
Kinds of Land Ownership:
Land ownership can be categorized into private and public ownership. Private ownership refers
to land held by individuals, corporations, or other private entities, while public ownership refers
to land owned by the government or the State.
Rights Included in Land Ownership:
Land ownership includes certain rights, such as the right to possess, use, enjoy, dispose, and
exclude others from the land. These rights allow the owner to control and make decisions
regarding the land, subject to legal limitations and restrictions.
Stewardship Principle:
The stewardship principle emphasizes that land ownership carries with it the responsibility to
manage and utilize the land in a manner that benefits society and future generations. It
promotes sustainable and responsible land use practices and discourages activities that harm
the environment or public welfare.
Extent of Ownership:
The extent of land ownership refers to the boundaries and limitations of an owner's rights over
a particular piece of land. It is determined by land surveys, titles, and legal descriptions, which
establish the specific area and location of the land owned by an individual.
Hidden Treasure:
Hidden treasure refers to valuable objects or artifacts that are concealed or buried in land or
other properties. In the Philippines, the law recognizes that hidden treasure belongs to the
State, with the discoverer entitled to a reward. Proper procedures and regulations govern the
reporting and recovery of hidden treasure.
Accession, Accretion, Alluvium, and Avulsion:
These terms relate to changes in land boundaries or characteristics due to natural processes.
Accession refers to the gradual increase in land area through the deposit of soil or sediment.
Accretion and alluvium refer specifically to land formations resulting from the gradual deposit of
soil by water. Avulsion, on the other hand, refers to sudden and significant changes in land
boundaries due to natural events like earthquakes or floods.
Limitations of Land Ownership:
Land ownership is subject to various limitations and restrictions imposed by the government,
such as zoning regulations, land use restrictions, environmental protection laws, and regulations
on foreign ownership. These limitations ensure that land is used and managed in a manner that
benefits the public interest and the sustainable development of the country.
Concept of Title:
Title refers to the legal evidence or proof of ownership over a specific property, including land. It
is a document that establishes and confirms the rights and interests of the owner. Land titles in
the Philippines are issued by the government through various agencies, such as the Land
Registration Authority.
Right to Own Real Estate:
The right to own real estate encompasses the broader concept of land ownership, which
includes not only land but also buildings, structures, and other improvements attached to the
land. It grants the owner the rights and responsibilities associated with owning both the land
and the structures on it.
Movable and Immovable Properties:
Movable properties refer to assets that can be easily moved or transferred from one location to
another, such as personal belongings, vehicles, or equipment. In contrast, immovable
properties, also known as real properties, are assets that are fixed or permanently attached to
the land, including buildings, houses, and structures. Land is considered an immovable property.