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Family and School Contexts as Predictors of Suicidal Behavior among

Adolescents: The Role of Depression and Anxiety

By: Nicolás Ruiz-Robledillo, Rosario Ferrer-Cascales, Natalia Albaladejo-Blázquez  And


Miriam Sánchez-SanSegundo

Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690


Alicante, Spain

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(12), 2066; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122066

Abstract

Suicide is the highest external cause of death in the majority of developed countries. In
adolescents, the prevalence of suicide has increased significantly in recent years, becoming a
serious public health concern. The main aim of the present study is to characterize suicidal
behavior, and to evaluate the relationship between family and school contexts and suicidal
behavior through the possible mediating effects of depression and anxiety. The design of the study
is cross-sectional. The sample was composed of 1386 Spanish adolescents from 14 high-schools.
Suicidal behavior, anxiety, depression, family function, and school climate were evaluated through
self-reported questionnaires. The results obtained show a significant association between adaptive
family function and a positive school climate with low levels of depression, anxiety, and suicidal
behavior. Mediation analyses revealed a significant full mediating effect of depression on family
function and school climate with suicidal behavior. No significant mediating effects were found for
anxiety. The results obtained underline the importance of family and school as protective factors
for the prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescents, through the main mediating role of
depression. Future studies should evaluate the mechanisms underlying the effects of family
function and school climate on depression, and therefore, on suicidal behavior in adolescents.
Keywords: 

suicide; adolescents; family; school; depression; anxiety
En español

El objetivo principal del presente estudio es caracterizar el comportamiento suicida y


evaluar la relación entre el contexto familiar y escolar y el comportamiento suicida a
través de los posibles efectos mediadores de la depresión y la ansiedad.

Método: El diseño del estudio es transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1386
adolescentes españoles de 14 institutos de educación secundaria. Se evaluaron el
comportamiento suicida, la ansiedad, la depresión, la función familiar y el clima escolar
a través de cuestionarios autoinformados.

Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos muestran una asociación significativa entre una
función familiar adaptativa y un clima escolar positivo con niveles bajos de depresión,
ansiedad y comportamiento suicida. Los análisis de mediación revelaron un efecto
mediador completo significativo de la depresión en la función familiar y el clima escolar
con el comportamiento suicida. No se encontraron efectos mediadores significativos
para la ansiedad.

Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos subrayan la importancia de la familia y la escuela


como factores protectores para la prevención del comportamiento suicida en
adolescentes, a través del papel mediador principal de la depresión. Futuros estudios
deberían evaluar los mecanismos subyacentes de los efectos de la función familiar y el
clima escolar en la depresión, y por lo tanto, en el comportamiento suicida en
adolescentes

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